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Agafonova IG, Kotelnikov VN, Geltser BI. Estimation of Renal Clearance in Hypertensive Rats According to fMRI Data. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 176:14-18. [PMID: 38085393 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal clearance in Wistar rats with multifactorial cardiovasorenal model of arterial hypertension was assessed by fMRI using (EPI_Diffusion_map) protocol after injection of extracellular contrast agent gadolinium Gd-DTPA. Linear regression analysis was used to assess local concentrations of the contrast agent in the abdominal aorta, kidney compartments, pelvis, and bladder areas. Detection of marker clearance in order to verify the glomerular filtration rate was performed by the RPP (Rutland-Patlak plot) method. In 3 months after hypertension modeling, glomerular filtration rate decreased by 2 times in comparison with the control (31.2±0.44 and 62.3±1.31 μl/min/100 g, respectively; p<0.001). Our findings can indicate the formation of hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis in rats with experimental arterial hypertension. It was found that kidney damage in hypertensive rats is associated with hypofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Agafonova
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - V N Kotelnikov
- Far Eastern Branch of the State Research Test Institute of Military Medicine, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - B I Geltser
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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Pedersen M, Irrera P, Dastrù W, Zöllner FG, Bennett KM, Beeman SC, Bretthorst GL, Garbow JR, Longo DL. Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (DCE) MRI-Derived Renal Perfusion and Filtration: Basic Concepts. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:205-227. [PMID: 33476002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI monitors the transit of contrast agents, typically gadolinium chelates, through the intrarenal regions, the renal cortex, the medulla, and the collecting system. In this way, DCE-MRI reveals the renal uptake and excretion of the contrast agent. An optimal DCE-MRI acquisition protocol involves finding a good compromise between whole-kidney coverage (i.e., 3D imaging), spatial and temporal resolution, and contrast resolution. By analyzing the enhancement of the renal tissues as a function of time, one can determine indirect measures of clinically important single-kidney parameters as the renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and intrarenal blood volumes. Gadolinium-containing contrast agents may be nephrotoxic in patients suffering from severe renal dysfunction, but otherwise DCE-MRI is clearly useful for diagnosis of renal functions and for assessing treatment response and posttransplant rejection.Here we introduce the concept of renal DCE-MRI, describe the existing methods, and provide an overview of preclinical DCE-MRI applications to illustrate the utility of this technique to measure renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate in animal models.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction is complemented by two separate publications describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pietro Irrera
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Walter Dastrù
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kevin M Bennett
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott C Beeman
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Joel R Garbow
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Torino, Italy.
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Jiang K, Tang H, Mishra PK, Macura SI, Lerman LO. Measurement of Murine Single-Kidney Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:2935-2943. [PMID: 29034514 PMCID: PMC5843517 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a method for measuring murine single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). METHODS This prospective study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A fast longitudinal relaxation time (T1 ) measurement method was implemented to capture gadolinium dynamics (1 s/scan), and a modified two-compartment model was developed to quantify GFR as well as renal perfusion using 16.4T MRI in mice 2 weeks after unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS, n = 6) or sham (n = 8) surgeries. This approach was validated by comparing model-derived GFR and perfusion to those obtained by fluorescein isothiocyanante (FITC)-inulin clearance and arterial spin labeling (ASL), respectively, using the Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlations and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS The compartmental model provided a good fitting to measured gadolinium dynamics in both normal and RAS kidneys. The proposed DCE-MRI method offered assessment of single-kidney GFR and perfusion, comparable to the FITC-inulin clearance (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.95 and Spearman's correlation coefficient ρ = 0.94, P < 0.0001, and mean difference -7.0 ± 11.0 μL/min) and ASL (r = 0.92 and ρ = 0.84, P < 0.0001, and mean difference 4.4 ± 66.1 mL/100 g/min) methods. CONCLUSION The proposed DCE-MRI method may be useful for reliable noninvasive measurements of single-kidney GFR and perfusion in mice. Magn Reson Med 79:2935-2943, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Prasanna K. Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Slobodan I. Macura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Taxt T, Reed RK, Pavlin T, Rygh CB, Andersen E, Jiřík R. Semi-parametric arterial input functions for quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in mice. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:10-20. [PMID: 29066294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An extension of single- and multi-channel blind deconvolution is presented to improve the estimation of the arterial input function (AIF) in quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). METHODS The Lucy-Richardson expectation-maximization algorithm is used to obtain estimates of the AIF and the tissue residue function (TRF). In the first part of the algorithm, nonparametric estimates of the AIF and TRF are obtained. In the second part, the decaying part of the AIF is approximated by three decaying exponential functions with the same delay, giving an almost noise free semi-parametric AIF. Simultaneously, the TRF is approximated using the adiabatic approximation of the Johnson-Wilson (aaJW) pharmacokinetic model. RESULTS In simulations and tests on real data, use of this AIF gave perfusion values close to those obtained with the corresponding previously published nonparametric AIF, and are more noise robust. CONCLUSION When used subsequently in voxelwise perfusion analysis, these semi-parametric AIFs should give more correct perfusion analysis maps less affected by recording noise than the corresponding nonparametric AIFs, and AIFs obtained from arteries. SIGNIFICANCE This paper presents a method to increase the noise robustness in the estimation of the perfusion parameter values in DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torfinn Taxt
- Dept. of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5020, Norway; Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 83, Bergen N-5020, Norway
| | - Rolf K Reed
- Dept. of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5020, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Tina Pavlin
- Dept. of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5020, Norway; Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 83, Bergen N-5020, Norway
| | - Cecilie Brekke Rygh
- Dept. of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5020, Norway
| | - Erling Andersen
- Dept. of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 83, Bergen N-5020, Norway
| | - Radovan Jiřík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, Brno 61264, Czech Republic.
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Li H, Bao N, Xu X, Zhang Y, Jin S, Jin Y, Sun H. A renal vascular compartment segmentation method based on dynamic contrast-enhanced images. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S631-9. [DOI: 10.3233/thc-161190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Bao
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xieping Xu
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaonan Zhang
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shikai Jin
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yueming Jin
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Iscan Z, Jin TB, Kendrick A, Szeglin B, Lu H, Trivedi M, Fava M, McGrath PJ, Weissman M, Kurian BT, Adams P, Weyandt S, Toups M, Carmody T, McInnis M, Cusin C, Cooper C, Oquendo MA, Parsey RV, DeLorenzo C. Test-retest reliability of freesurfer measurements within and between sites: Effects of visual approval process. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3472-85. [PMID: 26033168 PMCID: PMC4545736 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, many studies have used automated processes to analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data such as cortical thickness, which is one indicator of neuronal health. Due to the convenience of image processing software (e.g., FreeSurfer), standard practice is to rely on automated results without performing visual inspection of intermediate processing. In this work, structural MRIs of 40 healthy controls who were scanned twice were used to determine the test-retest reliability of FreeSurfer-derived cortical measures in four groups of subjects-those 25 that passed visual inspection (approved), those 15 that failed visual inspection (disapproved), a combined group, and a subset of 10 subjects (Travel) whose test and retest scans occurred at different sites. Test-retest correlation (TRC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and percent difference (PD) were used to measure the reliability in the Destrieux and Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlases. In the approved subjects, reliability of cortical thickness/surface area/volume (DK atlas only) were: TRC (0.82/0.88/0.88), ICC (0.81/0.87/0.88), PD (0.86/1.19/1.39), which represent a significant improvement over these measures when disapproved subjects are included. Travel subjects' results show that cortical thickness reliability is more sensitive to site differences than the cortical surface area and volume. To determine the effect of visual inspection on sample size required for studies of MRI-derived cortical thickness, the number of subjects required to show group differences was calculated. Significant differences observed across imaging sites, between visually approved/disapproved subjects, and across regions with different sizes suggest that these measures should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Iscan
- Centre for Cognition and Decision MakingNational Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation
| | - Tony B. Jin
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
| | | | - Bryan Szeglin
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew York
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University/New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew York
| | - Myrna Weissman
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University/New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew York
| | - Benji T. Kurian
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Phillip Adams
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew York
| | - Sarah Weyandt
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Marisa Toups
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Thomas Carmody
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Department of PsychiatryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | | | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University/New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew York
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Quantitative high-resolution renal perfusion imaging using 3-dimensional through-time radial generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition. Invest Radiol 2015; 49:666-74. [PMID: 24879298 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the kidneys provide quantitative information on renal perfusion and filtration. However, these examinations are often difficult to implement because of respiratory motion and their need for a high spatiotemporal resolution and 3-dimensional coverage. Here, we present a free-breathing quantitative renal DCE-MRI examination acquired with a highly accelerated stack-of-stars trajectory and reconstructed with 3-dimensional (3D) through-time radial generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA), using half and quarter doses of gadolinium contrast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were acquired in 10 asymptomatic volunteers using a stack-of-stars trajectory that was undersampled in-plane by a factor of 12.6 with respect to Nyquist sampling criterion and using partial Fourier of 6/8 in the partition direction. Data had a high temporal (2.1-2.9 seconds per frame) and spatial (approximately 2.2 mm) resolution with full 3D coverage of both kidneys (350-370 mm × 79-92 mm). Images were successfully reconstructed with 3D through-time radial GRAPPA, and interframe respiratory motion was compensated by using an algorithm developed to automatically use images from multiple points of enhancement as references for registration. Quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a separable dual-compartment model. RESULTS Region-of-interest (ROI) pharmacokinetic analysis provided estimates (mean (SD)) of quantitative renal parameters after a half dose: 218.1 (57.1) mL/min per 100 mL; plasma mean transit time, 4.8 (2.2) seconds; renal filtration, 28.7 (10.0) mL/min per 100 mL; and tubular mean transit time, 131.1 (60.2) seconds in 10 kidneys. The ROI pharmacokinetic analysis provided estimates (mean (SD)) of quantitative renal parameters after a quarter dose: 218.1 (57.1) mL/min per 100 mL; plasma mean transit time, 4.8 (2.2) seconds; renal filtration, 28.7 (10.0) mL/min per 100 mL; and tubular mean transit time, 131.1 (60.2) seconds in the 10 kidneys. Three-dimensional pixelwise parameter maps were also evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Highly undersampled data were successfully reconstructed with 3D through-time radial GRAPPA to achieve a high-resolution 3-dimensional renal DCE-MRI examination. The acquisition was completely free breathing, and the images were registered to compensate for respiratory motion. This allowed for an accurate high-resolution 3D quantitative renal functional mapping of perfusion and filtration parameters.
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Lagadec M, Doblas S, Giraudeau C, Ronot M, Lambert SA, Fasseu M, Paradis V, Moreau R, Pastor CM, Vilgrain V, Daire JL, Van Beers BE. Advanced Fibrosis: Correlation between Pharmacokinetic Parameters at Dynamic Gadoxetate-enhanced MR Imaging and Hepatocyte Organic Anion Transporter Expression in Rat Liver. Radiology 2015; 274:379-86. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14140313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Durand E. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with radionuclide methods of evaluating the kidney. Semin Nucl Med 2014; 44:82-92. [PMID: 24484746 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine and MRI provide information about renal perfusion, function (glomerular filtration rate), and drainage. Some tracers that are used in nuclear medicine (technetium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ([(99m)Tc-DTPA] and (51)chromium-EDTA) and some contrast media (CM) that are used for MRI (gadolinium-DTPA for instance) share the same pharmacokinetic properties, though, detection techniques are different (low-spatial resolution 2-dimensional projection with a good concentration-to-signal linearity for nuclear medicine and high-resolution 3-dimensional localization with nonlinear behavior for MRI). Thus, though based on the same principles, the methods are not the same and they provide somewhat different information. Many MRI perfusion studies have been conducted; some of them were compared with nuclear medicine with no good agreement. Phase contrast can reliably assess global renal blood flow but not perfusion at a tissular level. Arterial spin labeling has not proven to be a reliable tool to measure renal perfusion. Techniques using CM theoretically can assess perfusion at the tissular level, but they have not proven to be precise. To assess renal function, many models have been proposed. Some MRI techniques using CM, both semiquantitative (Patlak) and quantitative, have shown ability to roughly assess relative function. Some quantitative methods (Annet's and Lee's methods) have even showed that they could roughly estimate absolute renal function, with better results than estimated glomerular filtration rate. Quantification of drainage has not been much studied using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Durand
- Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Chen B, Zhang Y, Song X, Wang X, Zhang J, Fang J. Quantitative estimation of renal function with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using a modified two-compartment model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105087. [PMID: 25141138 PMCID: PMC4139329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a simple two-compartment model for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) estimations by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of eight New Zealand white rabbits were included in DCE-MRI. The two-compartment model was modified with the impulse residue function in this study. First, the reliability of GFR measurement of the proposed model was compared with other published models in Monte Carlo simulation at different noise levels. Then, functional parameters were estimated in six healthy rabbits to test the feasibility of the new model. Moreover, in order to investigate its validity of GFR estimation, two rabbits underwent acute ischemia surgical procedure in unilateral kidney before DCE-MRI, and pixel-wise measurements were implemented to detect the cortical GFR alterations between normal and abnormal kidneys. RESULTS The lowest variability of GFR and RPF measurements were found in the proposed model in the comparison. Mean GFR was 3.03±1.1 ml/min and mean RPF was 2.64±0.5 ml/g/min in normal animals, which were in good agreement with the published values. Moreover, large GFR decline was found in dysfunction kidneys comparing to the contralateral control group. CONCLUSION Results in our study demonstrate that measurement of renal kinetic parameters based on the proposed model is feasible and it has the ability to discriminate GFR changes in healthy and diseased kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Song
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (JZ)
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (JZ)
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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van de Ven AL, Abdollahi B, Martinez CJ, Burey LA, Landis MD, Chang JC, Ferrari M, Frieboes HB. Modeling of nanotherapeutics delivery based on tumor perfusion. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2013; 15:55004. [PMID: 24039540 PMCID: PMC3770306 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneities in the perfusion of solid tumors prevent optimal delivery of nanotherapeutics. Clinical imaging protocols to obtain patient-specific data have proven difficult to implement. It is challenging to determine which perfusion features hold greater prognostic value and to relate measurements to vessel structure and function. With the advent of systemically administered nanotherapeutics, whose delivery is dependent on overcoming diffusive and convective barriers to transport, such knowledge is increasingly important. We describe a framework for the automated evaluation of vascular perfusion curves measured at the single vessel level. Primary tumor fragments, collected from triple-negative breast cancer patients and grown as xenografts in mice, were injected with fluorescence contrast and monitored using intravital microscopy. The time to arterial peak and venous delay, two features whose probability distributions were measured directly from time-series curves, were analyzed using a Fuzzy C-mean (FCM) supervised classifier in order to rank individual tumors according to their perfusion characteristics. The resulting rankings correlated inversely with experimental nanoparticle accumulation measurements, enabling modeling of nanotherapeutics delivery without requiring any underlying assumptions about tissue structure or function, or heterogeneities contained within. With additional calibration, these methodologies may enable the study of nanotherapeutics delivery strategies in a variety of tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. van de Ven
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Behnaz Abdollahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Carlos J. Martinez
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Biology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX
| | - Lacey A. Burey
- The Methodist Hospital Cancer Center, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa D. Landis
- The Methodist Hospital Cancer Center, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Jenny C. Chang
- The Methodist Hospital Cancer Center, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- President and CEO, Ernest Cockrell Jr. Distinguished Endowed Chair, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
- President, Alliance for NanoHealth, Houston, TX
| | - Hermann B. Frieboes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 419 Lutz Hall, Louisville, KY 40208
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12
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Taxt T, Jirík R, Rygh CB, Grüner R, Bartos M, Andersen E, Curry FR, Reed RK. Single-channel blind estimation of arterial input function and tissue impulse response in DCE-MRI. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 59:1012-21. [PMID: 22217906 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2182195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multipass dynamic MRI and pharmacokinetic modeling are used to estimate perfusion parameters of leaky capillaries. Curve fitting and nonblind deconvolution are the established methods to derive the perfusion estimates from the observed arterial input function (AIF) and tissue tracer concentration function. These nonblind methods are sensitive to errors in the AIF, measured in some nearby artery or estimated by multichannel blind deconvolution. Here, a single-channel blind deconvolution algorithm is presented, which only uses a single tissue tracer concentration function to estimate the corresponding AIF and tissue impulse response function. That way, many errors affecting these functions are reduced. The validity of the algorithm is supported by simulations and tests on real data from mouse. The corresponding nonblind and multichannel methods are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torfinn Taxt
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Notohamiprodjo M, Pedersen M, Glaser C, Helck AD, Lodemann KP, Jespersen B, Fischereder M, Reiser MF, Sourbron SP. Comparison of Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA for studying renal perfusion and filtration. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:595-607. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Winter JD, St Lawrence KS, Cheng HLM. Quantification of renal perfusion: comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:608-15. [PMID: 21761490 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide the first comparison of absolute renal perfusion obtained by arterial spin labeling (ASL) and separable compartment modeling of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, we provide the first application of the dual bolus approach to quantitative DCE-MRI perfusion measurements in the kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive ASL and DCE-MRI acquisitions were performed on six rabbits on a 1.5 T MRI system. Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA was administered in two separate injections to decouple measurement of the arterial input function and tissue uptake curves. For DCE perfusion, pixel-wise and mean cortex region-of-interest tissue curves were fit to a separable compartment model. RESULTS Absolute renal cortex perfusion estimates obtained by DCE and ASL were in close agreement: 3.28 ± 0.59 mL/g/min (ASL), 2.98 ± 0.60 mL/g/min (DCE), and 3.57 ± 0.96 mL/g/min (pixel-wise DCE). Renal medulla perfusion was 1.53 ± 0.35 mL/g/min (ASL) but was not adequately described by the separable compartment model. CONCLUSION ASL and DCE-MRI provided similar measures of absolute perfusion in the renal cortex, offering both noncontrast and contrast-based alternatives to improve current renal MRI assessment of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D Winter
- Research Institute, Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Grenier N, Quaia E, Prasad PV, Juillard L. Radiology Imaging of Renal Structure and Function by Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Ultrasound. Semin Nucl Med 2011; 41:45-60. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Vivier PH, Dolores M, Taylor M, Elbaz F, Liard A, Dacher JN. MR urography in children. Part 1: how we do the F0 technique. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40:732-8. [PMID: 20182706 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-009-1538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MR urography (MRU) has been widely accepted as a substitute to intravenous urography for investigating children with a dilated urinary tract after preliminary assessment by US and voiding cystourethrography. Hydronephrosis is by far the main indication for MRU because upper tract dilatation is a frequent condition in infants and children. Recent advances in technology have allowed MR to go beyond morphology and to assess renal function parameters such as split renal function and drainage. In this article we report our routine practice of the F0 MRU technique. The main advantages of our protocol are no requirement for general anaesthesia, no bladder catheterization, use of low-dose gadolinium-based contrast agent (0.05-0.1 mmol/kg) and total acquisition time of 30 min or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hugues Vivier
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Rouen, 1 rue de Germont, Rouen, 76031, France
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Sourbron S. Compartmental modelling for magnetic resonance renography. Z Med Phys 2010; 20:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sourbron S. Technical aspects of MR perfusion. Eur J Radiol 2010; 76:304-13. [PMID: 20363574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most common methods for measuring perfusion with MRI are arterial spin labelling (ASL), dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC-MRI), and T(1)-weighted dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE-MRI). This review focuses on the latter approach, which is by far the most common in the body and produces measures of capillary permeability as well. The aim is to present a concise but complete overview of the technical issues involved in DCE-MRI data acquisition and analysis. For details the reader is referred to the references. The presentation of the topic is essentially generic and focuses on technical aspects that are common to all DCE-MRI measurements. For organ-specific problems and illustrations, we refer to the other papers in this issue. In Section 1 "Theory" the basic quantities are defined, and the physical mechanisms are presented that provide a relation between the hemodynamic parameters and the DCE-MRI signal. Section 2 "Data acquisition" discusses the issues involved in the design of an optimal measurement protocol. Section 3 "Data analysis" summarizes the steps that need to be taken to determine the hemodynamic parameters from the measured data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sourbron
- Division of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.
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Wentland AL, Sadowski EA, Djamali A, Grist TM, Becker BN, Fain SB. Quantitative MR measures of intrarenal perfusion in the assessment of transplanted kidneys: initial experience. Acad Radiol 2009; 16:1077-85. [PMID: 19539502 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively a gadolinium-based perfusion technique for intrarenal blood flow in transplanted kidneys and to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of intrarenal perfusion could be used to differentiate between normal-functioning kidney allografts and allografts with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) or acute rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one subjects were enrolled within 4 months of receiving a kidney transplant. A biopsy was performed on subjects to diagnose each allograft as having either ATN or acute rejection. A group of subjects with normal functioning transplants was also enrolled in our study. MRI perfusion images were acquired on a 1.5 T MRI system within 48 hours after biopsy using an echo planar, T2*-weighted sequence, and an injection of gadodiamide contrast agent administered at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Scan parameters were: repetition time/echo time/flip = 1000 ms/30 ms/60 degrees , field of view = 340 x 340 mm, matrix = 128 x 64, slice thickness = 10 mm, and temporal resolution = 1.0 seconds. Cortical and medullary blood flow values were calculated. RESULTS Medullary blood flow values were significantly (P = .02) lower in allografts undergoing acute rejection (121 +/- 41 mL/100 g/min) compared to normal-functioning allografts (221 +/- 96 mL/100 g/min) and those with ATN (247 +/- 124 mL/100 g/min). Cortical blood flow values were also significantly (P = .03) reduced in allografts with acute rejection (243 +/- 116 mL/100 g/min) compared to those with normal function (413 +/- 116 mL/100 g/min). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results indicate that MRI perfusion techniques may provide a means of determining noninvasively the viability of renal allografts, potentially alleviating the need for biopsy in some patients.
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Mendichovszky I, Cutajar M, Gordon I. Reproducibility of the aortic input function (AIF) derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of the kidneys in a volunteer study. Eur J Radiol 2009; 71:576-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morphologic and Dynamic Renal Imaging With Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate in a pcy-Mouse Model Using a Clinical 3.0 Tesla Scanner. Invest Radiol 2009; 44:469-75. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181a8afa1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Kalb B, Votaw JR, Sharma P, Salman K, Ghafourian P, Martin DR. Magnetic resonance nephrourographic techniques and applications: how we do it. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 20:59-69. [PMID: 20010060 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e3181c4241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a significant public health problem, and a comprehensive evaluation of renal disease often requires accurate evaluation of both kidney structure and function. Magnetic resonance (MR) nephrourography refers to newly developed imaging techniques that have the ability to provide a quantitative assessment of renal function, especially glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Our review outlines several different methodologies that are present in the literature and also details the specifics of our own methods for renal imaging. Though varied, all MR imaging methods use the common steps of image acquisition, image postprocessing, and tracer kinetics modeling of the processed image data. The optimal methodology should be practical and based primarily on simplicity, speed, and reproducibility. The combination of anatomic and quantitative functional information of the kidneys provided by MR imaging allows for a safe, comprehensive evaluation of renal disease, with particular utility in the settings of urinary tract obstruction and renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Kalb
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Bokacheva L, Rusinek H, Zhang JL, Chen Q, Lee VS. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate from MR renography and tracer kinetic models. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29:371-82. [PMID: 19161190 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare six methods for calculating the single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) renography (MRR) against reference radionuclide measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 10 patients, GFR was determined using six published methods: the Baumann-Rudin model (BR), the Patlak-Rutland method (PR), the two-compartment model without bolus dispersion (2C) and with dispersion (2CD), the three-compartment model (3CD), and the distributed parameter model (3C-IRF). Reference single-kidney GFRs were measured by radionuclide renography. The coefficient of variation of GFR (CV) was determined for each method by Monte Carlo analyses for one healthy and one dysfunctional kidney at a noise level (sigma(n)) of 2%, 5%, and 10%. RESULTS GFR estimates in patients varied from 6% overestimation (BR) to 50% underestimation (PR and 2CD applied to cortical data). Correlations with reference GFRs ranged from R = 0.74 (2CD, cortical data) to R = 0.85 (BR). In simulations, the lowest CV was produced by 3C-IRF in healthy kidney (1.7sigma(n)) and by PR in diseased kidney ((2.2-2.4)sigma(n)). In both kidneys the highest CV was obtained with 2CD ((5.9-8.2)sigma(n)) and with 3CD in diseased kidney (8.9sigma(n) at sigma(n) = 10%). CONCLUSION GFR estimates depend on the renal model and type of data used. Two- and three-compartment models produce comparable GFR correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bokacheva
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Dujardin M, Luypaert R, Vandenbroucke F, Van der Niepen P, Sourbron S, Verbeelen D, Stadnik T, de Mey J. Combined T1-based perfusion MRI and MR angiography in kidney: First experience in normals and pathology. Eur J Radiol 2009; 69:542-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Zhang JL, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Lim RP, Chen Q, Storey P, Prince K, Hecht EM, Kim DC, Lee VS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-enhanced MR renography: repeated measures of GFR and RPF in hypertensive patients. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F884-91. [PMID: 19158343 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90648.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the feasibility of a protocol to diagnose renovascular disease using dual MR renography acquisitions: before and after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). Results of our simulation study aimed at testing the reproducibility of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow demonstrate that for a fixed overall dose of 12 ml gadolinium-based contrast material (500 mmol/l), the second dose should be approximately twice as large as the first dose. A three-compartment model for analyzing the second-injection data was shown to appropriately handle the tracer residue from the first injection. The optimized protocol was applied to 18 hypertensive patients without renovascular disease, showing minimal systematic difference in GFR measurements before and after ACEi of 0.8 +/- 4.4 ml/min or 2.7 +/- 14.9%. For 10 kidneys with significant renal artery stenosis, GFR decreased significantly after ACEi (P < 0.001, T value = 3.79), and the difference in GFR measurements before and after ACEi averaged 8.3 +/- 6.9 ml/min or 26.2 +/- 43.9%. Dual-injection MRI with optimized dose distribution appears promising for ACEi renography by offering measures of GFR changes with clinically acceptable precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Zhang
- Dept. of Radiology, New York Univ. School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Bokacheva L, Rusinek H, Zhang JL, Lee VS. Assessment of renal function with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2008; 16:597-611, viii. [PMID: 18926425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MR imaging is a promising noninvasive modality that can provide a comprehensive picture of renal anatomy and function in a single examination. The advantages of MR imaging are its high contrast and temporal resolution and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation. In the past few years, considerable progress has been made in development of methods of renal functional MR imaging and their applications in various diseases. This article reviews the key factors for acquisition and analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced renal MR imaging (MR renography) and the most significant developments in this field over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bokacheva
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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27
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Mendichovszky I, Pedersen M, Frøkiaer J, Dissing T, Grenier N, Anderson P, McHugh K, Yang Q, Gordon I. How accurate is dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of renal glomerular filtration rate? A critical appraisal. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 27:925-31. [PMID: 18302200 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the current literature to see if the published results of MRI-glomerular filtration rate (GFR) stand up to the claim that MRI-GFR may be used in clinical practice. Claims in the current literature that Gadolinium (Gd) DTPA dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI clearance provides a reliable estimate of glomerular filtration are an overoptimistic interpretation of the results obtained. Before calculating absolute GFR from Gd-enhanced MRI, numerous variables must be considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examine the methodology in the published studies on absolute quantification of MRI-GFR. The techniques evaluated included the dose and volume of Gd-DTPA used, the speed of injection, acquisition sequences, orientation of the subject, re-processing, conversion of signal to concentration and the model used for analysis of the data as well as the MRI platform. RESULTS Claims in the current literature that using DCE MRI "Gd DTPA clearance provides a good estimate of glomerular filtration" are not supported by the data presented and a more accurate conclusion should be that "no MRI approach used provides a wholly satisfactory measure of renal GFR function." CONCLUSION This study suggests that DCE MRI-GFR results are not yet able to be used as a routine clinical or research tool. The published literature does not show what change in DCE MRI-GFR is clinically significant, nor do the results in the literature allow a single DCE MRI-GFR measurement to be correlated directly with a multiple blood sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Mendichovszky
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Zhang JL, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Lerman LO, Chen Q, Prince C, Oesingmann N, Song T, Lee VS. Functional assessment of the kidney from magnetic resonance and computed tomography renography: impulse retention approach to a multicompartment model. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:278-88. [PMID: 18228576 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A three-compartment model is proposed for analyzing magnetic resonance renography (MRR) and computed tomography renography (CTR) data to derive clinically useful parameters such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF). The model fits the convolution of the measured input and the predefined impulse retention functions to the measured tissue curves. A MRR study of 10 patients showed that relative root mean square errors by the model were significantly lower than errors for a previously reported three-compartmental model (11.6% +/- 4.9 vs 15.5% +/- 4.1; P < 0.001). GFR estimates correlated well with reference values by (99m)Tc-DTPA scintigraphy (correlation coefficient r = 0.82), and for RPF, r = 0.80. Parameter-sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation indicated that model parameters could be reliably identified. When the model was applied to CTR in five pigs, expected increases in RPF and GFR due to acetylcholine were detected with greater consistency than with the previous model. These results support the reliability and validity of the new model in computing GFR, RPF, and renal mean transit times from MR and CT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Zhang
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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MRI-Measurement of Perfusion and Glomerular Filtration in the Human Kidney With a Separable Compartment Model. Invest Radiol 2008; 43:40-8. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31815597c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Grenier N, Mendichovszky I, de Senneville BD, Roujol S, Desbarats P, Pedersen M, Wells K, Frokiaer J, Gordon I. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate With Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles, Limitations, and Expectations. Semin Nucl Med 2008; 38:47-55. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee VS, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Huang AJ, Oesingmann N, Chen Q, Kaur M, Prince K, Song T, Kramer EL, Leonard EF. Renal function measurements from MR renography and a simplified multicompartmental model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F1548-59. [PMID: 17213464 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00347.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and sources of error in estimating single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) derived from low-dose gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR renography. To analyze imaging data, MR signal intensity curves were converted to concentration vs. time curves, and a three-compartment, six-parameter model of the vascular-nephron system was used to analyze measured aortic, cortical, and medullary enhancement curves. Reliability of the parameter estimates was evaluated by sensitivity analysis and by Monte Carlo analyses of model solutions to which random noise had been added. The dominant sensitivity of the medullary enhancement curve to GFR 1–4 min after tracer injection was supported by a low coefficient of variation in model-fit GFR values (4%) when measured data were subjected to 5% noise. These analyses also showed the minimal effects of bolus dispersion in the aorta on parameter reliability. Single-kidney GFR from MR renography analyzed by the three-compartment model (4.0–71.4 ml/min) agreed well with reference measurements from 99mTc-DTPA clearance and scintigraphy ( r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed an average difference of 11.9 ml/min (95% confidence interval = 5.8–17.9 ml/min) between model and reference values. We conclude that a nephron-based multicompartmental model can be used to derive clinically useful estimates of single-kidney GFR from low-dose MR renography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S Lee
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Rusinek H, Boykov Y, Kaur M, Wong S, Bokacheva L, Sajous JB, Huang AJ, Heller S, Lee VS. Performance of an automated segmentation algorithm for 3D MR renography. Magn Reson Med 2007; 57:1159-67. [PMID: 17534915 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy and precision of an automated graph-cuts (GC) segmentation technique for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) 3D MR renography (MRR) was analyzed using 18 simulated and 22 clinical datasets. For clinical data, the error was 7.2 +/- 6.1 cm(3) for the cortex and 6.5 +/- 4.6 cm(3) for the medulla. The precision of segmentation was 7.1 +/- 4.2 cm(3) for the cortex and 7.2 +/- 2.4 cm(3) for the medulla. Compartmental modeling of kidney function in 22 kidneys yielded a renal plasma flow (RPF) error of 7.5% +/- 4.5% and single-kidney GFR error of 13.5% +/- 8.8%. The precision was 9.7% +/- 6.4% for RPF and 14.8% +/- 11.9% for GFR. It took 21 min to segment one kidney using GC, compared to 2.5 hr for manual segmentation. The accuracy and precision in RPF and GFR appear acceptable for clinical use. With expedited image processing, DCE 3D MRR has the potential to expand our knowledge of renal function in individual kidneys and to help diagnose renal insufficiency in a safe and noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Rusinek
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Contrast agents for functional and cellular MRI of the kidney. Eur J Radiol 2006; 60:341-52. [PMID: 16973326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight gadolinium (Gd) chelates are glomerular tracers but their role in evaluation of renal function with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is still marginal. Because of their small size, they diffuse freely into the interstitium and the relationship between measured signal intensity and concentration is complex. New categories of contrast agents, such as large Gd-chelates or iron oxide particules, with different pharmacokinetic and magnetic properties have been developed. These large molecules could be useful for both functional (quantification of perfusion, quantification of glomerular filtration rate, estimation of tubular function) and cellular imaging (intrarenal phagocytosis in inflammatory renal diseases). Continuous development of new contrast agents remains worthwhile to get the best adequacy between the physiological phenomenon of interest and the pharmacokinetic of the agent.
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Michoux N, Vallée JP, Pechère-Bertschi A, Montet X, Buehler L, Van Beers BE. Analysis of contrast-enhanced MR images to assess renal function. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2006; 19:167-79. [PMID: 16906431 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-006-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The image analysis and kinetic modeling methods used in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney are reviewed. Image analysis includes various techniques of coregistration and segmentation. Few methods have been completely implemented. Nevertheless, the use of coregistration may become a standard to decrease the effect of motion on abdominal images and improve the quality of the renal signals. Kinetic models are classified into three categories: enhancement-based, external and internal representations. Enhancement-based representations are limited to a basic analysis of the tracer concentration curves in the kidneys. Their relationship to the underlying physiology is complex and undefined. However, they can be used to evaluate the split renal function. External representations assess the kidney input and output. An external representation based on the up-slope of the renal enhancement to calculate the renal perfusion is commonly used because of its simplicity. In contrast, external representation based on deconvolution or identification methods remain underexploited. For glomerular filtration, an internal representation based on a two-compartmental model is mostly used. Internal representations based on multi-compartmental models describe the renal function in a more realistic way. Because of their numerical complexity, these models remain rarely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Michoux
- Diagnostic Radiology Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, St-Luc University Hospital, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200. Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
Acute and chronic nephropathies are responsible for morphologic and functional renal changes. However, radiologic techniques currently play a minor role in imaging of parenchymal nephropathies in native or transplanted kidneys. From a morphologic point of view, three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) volumetric biomarkers of kidney function, such as renal and cortical volumes or cystic volume, in polycystic kidney diseases play a growing role in nephrologic practice. From a functional point of view, if scintigraphic techniques remain the major sources of renal performance assessment, new MR imaging systems and specific MR contrast agents may soon provide significant developments in the evaluation of renal performance (glomerular filtration rate measurement), in the search for prognostic factors (hypoxia, inflammation, cell viability, degree of tubular function, and interstitial fibrosis), and for monitoring new cell therapies. New developments that have provided higher signal-to-noise ratio and higher spatial and/or temporal resolutions have the potential to direct new opportunities for obtaining morphologic and functional information on tissue characteristics that are relevant for various renal diseases with respect to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grenier
- ERT CNRS Imagerie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, France.
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Scholbach T, Girelli E, Scholbach J. Dynamic Tissue Perfusion Measurement: A Novel Tool in Follow-Up of Renal Transplants. Transplantation 2005; 79:1711-6. [PMID: 15973173 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000164145.89275.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors applied the novel method of noninvasive dynamic color Doppler sonographic parenchymal perfusion measurement to renal transplants. METHODS Color Doppler sonographic videos of renal transplants from 38 renal transplant recipients were recorded under defined conditions. Specific tissue perfusion was calculated as mean flow velocity encoded by color Doppler signals of a region of interest during one full heart cycle. RESULTS The authors could demonstrate significant differences of central versus peripheral cortical perfusion intensity (1.36 vs. 0.60 cm/sec) and a significant loss of perfusion intensity in the posttransplantation period in the peripheral cortex from 1.06 cm/sec in the first year to a minimum of 0.39 cm/sec in the 3- to 5-year interval, with stronger perfusion in longer surviving transplants: 0.71 cm/sec more than 9 years after transplantation. In the central cortex, a similar but less pronounced pattern could be demonstrated. A significant drop of parenchymal perfusion was found in patients with elevated serum creatinine (1.36 cm/sec in cases with normal and 0.82 cm/sec in those with elevated creatinine at the proximal cortical level). The perfusion ratio of the central 50% and the peripheral 50% shows marked changes over time: in the first year, the ratio was 2.99, climbing to 5.56 at the 3- to 5-year interval and declining later on. CONCLUSIONS Cortical tissue perfusion in renal transplants was quantified noninvasively from color Doppler signal data in an easily accomplishable manner. Renal transplants showed a marked decline in tissue perfusion after transplantation. Perfusion is significantly lower in transplant function loss with elevated serum creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scholbach
- St. Georg Municipal Children's Hospital, Delitzscher Strasse 141, D-04129 Leipzig, Germany.
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Pill J, Kloetzer HM, Issaeva O, Kraenzlin B, Deus C, Kraemer U, Sadick M, Fiedler F, Gretz N. Direct fluorometric analysis of a newly synthesised fluorescein-labelled marker for glomerular filtration rate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:59-64. [PMID: 15900452 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an obvious and growing medical need for an accurate determination of kidney function in the diagnosis and management of renal diseases. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the accepted gold standard measurement of kidney function. Several approaches to estimate the GFR are available, but most of them are inconvenient and, therefore, of limited acceptance. A new method of quantification with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) sinistrin (FS), a novel GFR marker, has been evaluated. The method is based on the fluorescence label of FS and can be performed with a standard fluorometer. To control the interference of protein with the fluorescence signal, a calibration function was developed. The accuracy of the fluorometric method established is comparable to the so-called "gold standard" of enzymatic determination of polyfructosan. Moreover, FS is easy to handle and requires low-cost instruments. Our results demonstrate the potential of the direct fluorometric analysis of the new FITC-labelled marker of being a precise, simple, rapid and cost-effective method for diagnosing disturbed kidney function and monitoring its treatment efficacy. The dramatic decrease in analytical effort will result in a significantly higher acceptability of GFR determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pill
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Sandhofer Str. 116, 68305, Mannheim, Germany.
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Dujardin M, Sourbron S, Luypaert R, Verbeelen D, Stadnik T. Quantification of renal perfusion and function on a voxel-by-voxel basis: A feasibility study. Magn Reson Med 2005; 54:841-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Annet L, Hermoye L, Peeters F, Jamar F, Dehoux JP, Van Beers BE. Glomerular filtration rate: Assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and a cortical-compartment model in the rabbit kidney. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 20:843-9. [PMID: 15503326 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the use of MRI and a cortical-compartment model to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and compare the results with those obtained with the Patlak-Rutland model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dynamic MRI of rabbit kidneys was performed during and after injection of gadoterate dimeglumine. The enhancement curves in the aorta and the kidney were analyzed with the cortical-compartment and Patlak-Rutland models to assess the GFR. RESULTS A substantial correlation was observed between the GFR measured with MRI using the cortical-compartment model and the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (r=0.821, P=0.004). No significant correlation was observed between the 51Cr-EDTA clearance (r=0.628, P=0.052) and the GFR obtained with the Patlak-Rutland model in regions of interest (ROIs) encompassing the renal cortex and medulla. A Bland and Altman analysis showed that GFR(cortical) (compartment) agreed better with the 51Cr-EDTA clearance compared to GFR(Patlak) when ROIs were limited to the cortex. However, the GFR values obtained by MRI were lower than the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. CONCLUSION MRI with a cortical-compartment model provides more accurate assessments of glomerular filtration than the Patlak-Rutland model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Annet
- Department of Radiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires St.-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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