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Chen Q, Worthoff WA, Shah NJ. Accelerated multiple-quantum-filtered sodium magnetic resonance imaging using compressed sensing at 7 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 107:138-148. [PMID: 38171423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple-quantum-filtered (MQF) sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as enhanced single-quantum and triple-quantum-filtered imaging of 23Na (eSISTINA), enables images to be weighted towards restricted sodium, a promising biomarker in clinical practice, but often suffers from clinically infeasible acquisition times and low image quality. This study aims to mitigate the above limitation by implementing a novel eSISTINA sequence at 7 T with the application of compressed sensing (CS) to accelerate eSISTINA acquisitions without a noticeable loss of information. METHODS A novel eSISTINA sequence with a 3D spiral-based sampling scheme was implemented at 7 T for the application of CS. Fully sampled datasets were obtained from one phantom and ten healthy subjects, and were then retrospectively undersampled by various undersampling factors. CS undersampled reconstructions were compared to fully sampled and undersampled nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) reconstructions. Reconstruction performance was evaluated based on structural similarity (SSIM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), weightings towards total and compartmental sodium, and in vivo quantitative estimates. RESULTS CS-based phantom and in vivo images have less noise and better structural delineation while maintaining the weightings towards total, non-restricted (predominantly extracellular), and restricted (primarily intracellular) sodium. CS generally outperforms NUFFT with a higher SNR and a better SSIM, except for the SSIM in TQ brain images, which is likely due to substantial noise contamination. CS enables in vivo quantitative estimates with <15% errors at an undersampling factor of up to two. CONCLUSIONS Successful implementation of an eSISTINA sequence with an incoherent sampling scheme at 7 T was demonstrated. CS can accelerate eSISTINA by up to twofold at 7 T with reduced noise levels compared to NUFFT, while maintaining major structural information, reasonable weightings towards total and compartmental sodium, and relatively reliable in vivo quantification. The associated reduction in acquisition time has the potential to facilitate the clinical applicability of MQF sodium MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wieland A Worthoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Gast LV, Platt T, Nagel AM, Gerhalter T. Recent technical developments and clinical research applications of sodium ( 23Na) MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 138-139:1-51. [PMID: 38065665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium is an essential ion that plays a central role in many physiological processes including the transmembrane electrochemical gradient and the maintenance of the body's homeostasis. Due to the crucial role of sodium in the human body, the sodium nucleus is a promising candidate for non-invasively assessing (patho-)physiological changes. Almost 10 years ago, Madelin et al. provided a comprehensive review of methods and applications of sodium (23Na) MRI (Madelin et al., 2014) [1]. More recent review articles have focused mainly on specific applications of 23Na MRI. For example, several articles covered 23Na MRI applications for diseases such as osteoarthritis (Zbyn et al., 2016, Zaric et al., 2020) [2,3], multiple sclerosis (Petracca et al., 2016, Huhn et al., 2019) [4,5] and brain tumors (Schepkin, 2016) [6], or for imaging certain organs such as the kidneys (Zollner et al., 2016) [7], the brain (Shah et al., 2016, Thulborn et al., 2018) [8,9], and the heart (Bottomley, 2016) [10]. Other articles have reviewed technical developments such as radiofrequency (RF) coils for 23Na MRI (Wiggins et al., 2016, Bangerter et al., 2016) [11,12], pulse sequences (Konstandin et al., 2014) [13], image reconstruction methods (Chen et al., 2021) [14], and interleaved/simultaneous imaging techniques (Lopez Kolkovsky et al., 2022) [15]. In addition, 23Na MRI topics have been covered in review articles with broader topics such as multinuclear MRI or ultra-high-field MRI (Niesporek et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2019, Ladd et al., 2018) [16-18]. During the past decade, various research groups have continued working on technical improvements to sodium MRI and have investigated its potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Clinical research applications of 23Na MRI have covered a broad spectrum of diseases, mainly focusing on the brain, cartilage, and skeletal muscle (see Fig. 1). In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of methodological and hardware developments, as well as a review of various clinical research applications of sodium (23Na) MRI in the last decade (i.e., published from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Platt
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Chen Q, Shah NJ, Worthoff WA. Compressed Sensing in Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Techniques, Applications, and Future Prospects. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1340-1356. [PMID: 34918429 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium (23 Na) yields the second strongest nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal in biological tissues and plays a vital role in cell physiology. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide insights into cell integrity and tissue viability relative to pathologies without significant anatomical alternations, and thus it is considered to be a potential surrogate biomarker that provides complementary information for standard hydrogen (1 H) MRI in a noninvasive and quantitative manner. However, sodium MRI suffers from a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and long acquisition times due to its relatively low NMR sensitivity. Compressed sensing-based (CS-based) methods have been shown to accelerate sodium imaging and/or improve sodium image quality significantly. In this manuscript, the basic concepts of CS and how CS might be applied to improve sodium MRI are described, and the historical milestones of CS-based sodium MRI are briefly presented. Representative advanced techniques and evaluation methods are discussed in detail, followed by an expose of clinical applications in multiple anatomical regions and diseases as well as thoughts and suggestions on potential future research prospects of CS in sodium MRI. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wieland A Worthoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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4
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Zaric O, Juras V, Szomolanyi P, Schreiner M, Raudner M, Giraudo C, Trattnig S. Frontiers of Sodium MRI Revisited: From Cartilage to Brain Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 54:58-75. [PMID: 32851736 PMCID: PMC8246730 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23 Na-MRI) is a highly promising imaging modality that offers the possibility to noninvasively quantify sodium content in the tissue, one of the most relevant parameters for biochemical investigations. Despite its great potential, due to the intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sodium imaging generated by low in vivo sodium concentrations, low gyromagnetic ratio, and substantially shorter relaxation times than for proton (1 H) imaging, 23 Na-MRI is extremely challenging. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature that has been published in the last 10-15 years and which has demonstrated different technical designs for a range of 23 Na-MRI methods applicable for disease diagnoses and treatment efficacy evaluations. Currently, a wider use of 3.0T and 7.0T systems provide imaging with the expected increase in SNR and, consequently, an increased image resolution and a reduced scanning time. A great interest in translational research has enlarged the field of sodium MRI applications to almost all parts of the body: articular cartilage tendons, spine, heart, breast, muscle, kidney, and brain, etc., and several pathological conditions, such as tumors, neurological and degenerative diseases, and others. The quantitative parameter, tissue sodium concentration, which reflects changes in intracellular sodium concentration, extracellular sodium concentration, and intra-/extracellular volume fractions is becoming acknowledged as a reliable biomarker. Although the great potential of this technique is evident, there must be steady technical development for 23 Na-MRI to become a standard imaging tool. The future role of sodium imaging is not to be considered as an alternative to 1 H MRI, but to provide early, diagnostically valuable information about altered metabolism or tissue function associated with disease genesis and progression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Zaric
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in the Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Szomolanyi
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schreiner
- Deartment of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Raudner
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine, DIMED Padova University Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in the Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria.,High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Poku LO, Phil M, Cheng Y, Wang K, Sun X. 23 Na-MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:995-1014. [PMID: 32219933 PMCID: PMC7984266 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influx of sodium (Na+) ions into a resting cell is regulated by Na+ channels and by Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, whereas Na+ ion efflux is mediated by the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase to maintain a high transmembrane Na+ ion gradient. Dysfunction of this system leads to changes in the intracellular sodium concentration that promotes cancer metastasis by mediating invasion and migration. In addition, the accumulation of extracellular Na+ ions in cancer due to inflammation contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Thus, alterations in the Na+ ion concentration may potentially be used as a biomarker for malignant tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, current limitations in detection technology and a complex tumor microenvironment present significant challenges for the in vivo assessment of Na+ concentration in tumor. 23Na‐magnetic resonance imaging (23Na‐MRI) offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of Na+ ion concentration changes in cancer. Although challenged by a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, the development of ultrahigh magnetic field scanners and specialized sodium acquisition sequences has significantly advanced 23Na‐MRI. 23Na‐MRI provides biochemical information that reflects cell viability, structural integrity, and energy metabolism, and has been shown to reveal rapid treatment response at the molecular level before morphological changes occur. Here we review the basis of 23Na‐MRI technology and discuss its potential as a direct noninvasive in vivo diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer therapy, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. We propose that 23Na‐MRI is a promising method with a wide range of applications in the tumor immuno‐microenvironment research field and in cancer immunotherapy monitoring. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Phil
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongna Cheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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6
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Abstract
In this article, an overview of the current developments and research applications for non-proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ultrahigh magnetic fields (UHFs) is given. Due to technical and methodical advances, efficient MRI of physiologically relevant nuclei, such as Na, Cl, Cl, K, O, or P has become feasible and is of interest to obtain spatially and temporally resolved information that can be used for biomedical and diagnostic applications. Sodium (Na) MRI is the most widespread multinuclear imaging method with applications ranging over all regions of the human body. Na MRI yields the second largest in vivo NMR signal after the clinically used proton signal (H). However, other nuclei such as O and P (energy metabolism) or Cl and K (cell viability) are used in an increasing number of MRI studies at UHF. One major advancement has been the increased availability of whole-body MR scanners with UHFs (B0 ≥7T) expanding the range of detectable nuclei. Nevertheless, efforts in terms of pulse sequence and post-processing developments as well as hardware designs must be made to obtain valuable information in clinically feasible measurement times. This review summarizes the available methods in the field of non-proton UHF MRI, especially for Na MRI, as well as introduces potential applications in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Niesporek
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Huhn K, Engelhorn T, Linker RA, Nagel AM. Potential of Sodium MRI as a Biomarker for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:84. [PMID: 30804885 PMCID: PMC6378293 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental and ex vivo studies indicate that pathologic intra- and extracellular sodium accumulation may play a pivotal role in inflammatory as well as neurodegenerative processes. Yet, in vivo assessment of sodium in the microenvironment is hard to achieve. Here, sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23NaMRI) with its non-invasive properties offers a unique opportunity to further elucidate the effects of sodium disequilibrium in MS pathology in vivo in addition to regular proton based MRI. However, unfavorable physical properties and low in vivo concentrations of sodium ions resulting in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) as well as low spatial resolution resulting in partial volume effects limited the application of 23NaMRI. With the recent advent of high-field MRI scanners and more sophisticated sodium MRI acquisition techniques enabling better resolution and higher SNR, 23NaMRI revived. These studies revealed pathologic total sodium concentrations in MS brains now even allowing for the (partial) differentiation of intra- and extracellular sodium accumulation. Within this review we (1) demonstrate the physical basis and imaging techniques of 23NaMRI and (2) analyze the present and future clinical application of 23NaMRI focusing on the field of MS thus highlighting its potential as biomarker for neuroinflammation and -degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Gast LV, Gerhalter T, Hensel B, Uder M, Nagel AM. Double quantum filtered 23 Na MRI with magic angle excitation of human skeletal muscle in the presence of B 0 and B 1 inhomogeneities. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e4010. [PMID: 30290039 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Double quantum filtered 23 Na MRI with magic angle excitation (DQF-MA) can be used to selectively detect sodium ions located within anisotropic structures such as muscle fibers. It might therefore be a promising tool to analyze the microscopic environment of sodium ions, for example in the context of osmotically neutral sodium retention. However, DQF-MA imaging is challenging due to various signal dependences, on both measurement parameters and external influences. The aim of this work was to examine how B0 in combination with B1 inhomogeneities alter the DQF-MA signal intensity. We showed that, in the presence of B0 inhomogeneities, flip angle schemes with only one 54.7° pulse can be favorable compared with the classical 90°-54.7°-54.7° scheme. DQF-MA images of the human lower leg were acquired at B0 = 3 T with a nominal spatial resolution of 12 × 12 × 36 mm3 within an acquisition time of TAcq < 10 min, and compared with spin density weighted (DW), as well as triple quantum filtration (TQF) 23 Na images. We found mean normalized signal-to-noise ratios of TQF/DW = 13.7 ± 2.3% (tibialis anterior), 11.9 ± 2.3% (soleus) and 11.4 ± 2.2% (gastrocnemius medialis), as well as DQF-MA/DW = 4.7 ± 1.1% (tibialis anterior), 3.3 ± 0.73% (soleus) and 3.4 ± 0.6% (gastrocnemius medialis). These ratios might serve as additional measures in future clinical studies of sodium retention within human skeletal muscle. However, the influence of B0 and B1 inhomogeneities should be considered when interpreting DQF-MA images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- NMR laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
- NMR laboratory, CEA/IBFJ/MIRCen, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Hensel
- Center for Medical Physics and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Worthoff WA, Shymanskaya A, Shah NJ. Relaxometry and quantification in simultaneously acquired single and triple quantum filtered sodium MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:303-315. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wieland A. Worthoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
| | - Aliaksandra Shymanskaya
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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10
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Gerhalter T, Carlier PG, Marty B. Acute changes in extracellular volume fraction in skeletal muscle monitored by 23Na NMR spectroscopy. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/16/e13380. [PMID: 28867674 PMCID: PMC5582265 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we induced acute changes in extracellular volume fraction in skeletal muscle tissue and compared the sensitivity of a standard 1H T2 imaging method with different 23Na‐NMR spectroscopy parameters within acquisition times compatible with clinical investigations. First, we analyzed the effect of a short ischemia on the sodium distribution in the skeletal muscle. Then, the lower leg of 21 healthy volunteers was scanned under different vascular filling conditions (vascular draining, filling, and normal condition) expected to modify exclusively the extracellular volume. The first experiment showed no change in the total sodium content during a 15 min ischemia, but the intracellular weighted 23Na signal slowly decreased. For the second part, significant variations of total sodium content, sodium distribution, and T1 and T2∗ of 23Na signal were observed between different vascular filling conditions. The measured sodium distribution correlates significantly with sodium T1 and with the short and long T2∗ fractions. In contrast, significant changes in the proton T2w signal were observed only in three muscles. Altogether, the mean T2w signal intensity of all muscles as well as their mean T2 did not vary significantly with the extracellular volume changes. In conclusion, at the expense of giving up spatial resolution, the proposed 23Na spectroscopic method proved to be more sensitive than standard 1H T2 approach to monitor acute extracellular compartment changes within muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gerhalter
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France .,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Marty
- Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France.,CEA, DRF, IBFJ, MIRCen, NMR Laboratory, Paris, France
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11
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Lommen JM, Flassbeck S, Behl NG, Niesporek S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Probing the microscopic environment of 23
Na ions in brain tissue by MRI: On the accuracy of different sampling schemes for the determination of rapid, biexponential T2* decay at low signal-to-noise ratio. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:571-584. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Lommen
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Flassbeck
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Niesporek
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
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12
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Blunck Y, Josan S, Taqdees SW, Moffat BA, Ordidge RJ, Cleary JO, Johnston LA. 3D‐multi‐echo radial imaging of
23
Na (3D‐MERINA) for time‐efficient multi‐parameter tissue compartment mapping. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1950-1961. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Blunck
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Syeda Warda Taqdees
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roger J Ordidge
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jon O Cleary
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leigh A Johnston
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Nimerovsky E, Ilott AJ, Jerschow A. Low-power suppression of fast-motion spin 3/2 signals. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 272:129-140. [PMID: 27689532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple Quantum Filters (TQFs) are frequently used for the selection of bi-exponentially relaxing spin 3/2 nuclei (in particular 23Na) in ordered environments, such as biological tissues. These methods provide an excellent selection of slow-motion spins, but their sensitivity is generally low, and coherence selection requirements may lead to long experiments when applied in vivo. Alternative methods, such as 2P DIM, have demonstrated that the sensitivities of the signals from bi-exponentially relaxing sodium can be significantly increased using strategies other than TQFs. A shortcoming of the 2P DIM method is its strong dependence on B0 inhomogeneities. We describe here a method, which is sensitive to the slow-motion regime, while the signal from spins in the fast-motion regime is suppressed. This method is shown to be more effective than TQFs, requires minimal phase cycling for the suppression of the influence of rf inhomogeneity, and has less dependence on resonance offsets and B0-inhomogeneity than 2P DIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Andrew J Ilott
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Zaric O, Pinker K, Zbyn S, Strasser B, Robinson S, Minarikova L, Gruber S, Farr A, Singer C, Helbich TH, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Quantitative Sodium MR Imaging at 7 T: Initial Results and Comparison with Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Patients with Breast Tumors. Radiology 2016; 280:39-48. [PMID: 27007803 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016151304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical feasibility of a quantitative sodium 23 ((23)Na) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol developed for breast tumor assessment and to compare it with 7-T diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods Written informed consent in this institutional review board-approved study was obtained from eight healthy volunteers and 17 patients with 20 breast tumors (five benign, 15 malignant). To achieve the best image quality and reproducibility, the (23)Na sequence was optimized and tested on phantoms and healthy volunteers. For in vivo quantification of absolute tissue sodium concentration (TSC), an external phantom was used. Static magnetic field, or B0, and combined transmit and receive radiofrequency field, or B1, maps were acquired, and image quality, measurement reproducibility, and accuracy testing were performed. Bilateral (23)Na and DWI sequences were performed before contrast material-enhanced MR imaging in patients with breast tumors. TSC and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated and correlated for healthy glandular tissue and benign and malignant lesions. Results The (23)Na MR imaging protocol is feasible, with 1.5-mm in-plane resolution and 16-minute imaging time. Good image quality was achieved, with high reproducibility (mean TSC values ± standard deviation for the test, 36 mmol per kilogram of wet weight ± 2 [range, 34-37 mmol/kg]; for the retest, 37 mmol/kg ± 1 [range, 35-39 mmol/kg]; P = .610) and accuracy (r = 0.998, P < .001). TSC values in normal glandular and adipose breast tissue were 35 mmol/kg ± 3 and 18 mmol/kg ± 3, respectively. In malignant lesions (mean size, 31 mm ± 24; range, 6-92 mm), the TSC of 69 mmol/kg ± 10 was, on average, 49% higher than that in benign lesions (mean size, 14 mm ± 12; range, 6-35 mm), with a TSC of 47 mmol/kg ± 8 (P = .002). There were similar ADC differences between benign ([1.78 ± 0.23] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) and malignant ([1.03 ± 0.23] × 10(-3) mm(2)/sec) tumors (P = .002). ADC and TSC were inversely correlated (r = -0.881, P < .001). Conclusion Quantitative (23)Na MR imaging is clinically feasible, may provide good differentiation between malignant and benign breast lesions, and demonstrates an inverse correlation with ADC. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Zaric
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Katja Pinker
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Stefan Zbyn
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Simon Robinson
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Lenka Minarikova
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Stephan Gruber
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Alex Farr
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Christian Singer
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- From the MR Center of Excellence (MRCE), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (O.Z., S.Z., B.S., S.R., L.M., S.G., S.T., W.B.), Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (K.P., T.H.H.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.F., C.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria (S.T.)
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Graessl A, Ruehle A, Waiczies H, Resetar A, Hoffmann SH, Rieger J, Wetterling F, Winter L, Nagel AM, Niendorf T. Sodium MRI of the human heart at 7.0 T: preliminary results. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:967-975. [PMID: 26082025 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to examine the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) and whole heart coverage (23)Na cardiac MRI at 7.0 T including single-cardiac-phase and cinematic (cine) regimes. A four-channel transceiver RF coil array tailored for (23)Na MRI of the heart at 7.0 T (f = 78.5 MHz) is proposed. An integrated bow-tie antenna building block is used for (1)H MR to support shimming, localization and planning in a clinical workflow. Signal absorption rate simulations and assessment of RF power deposition were performed to meet the RF safety requirements. (23) Na cardiac MR was conducted in an in vivo feasibility study. 3D gradient echo (GRE) imaging in conjunction with Cartesian phase encoding (total acquisition time T(AQ) = 6 min 16 s) and whole heart coverage imaging employing a density-adapted 3D radial acquisition technique (T(AQ) = 18 min 20 s) were used. For 3D GRE-based (23)Na MRI, acquisition of standard views of the heart using a nominal in-plane resolution of (5.0 × 5.0) mm(2) and a slice thickness of 15 mm were feasible. For whole heart coverage 3D density-adapted radial (23)Na acquisitions a nominal isotropic spatial resolution of 6 mm was accomplished. This improvement versus 3D conventional GRE acquisitions reduced partial volume effects along the slice direction and enabled retrospective image reconstruction of standard or arbitrary views of the heart. Sodium cine imaging capabilities were achieved with the proposed RF coil configuration in conjunction with 3D radial acquisitions and cardiac gating. Cardiac-gated reconstruction provided an enhancement in blood-myocardium contrast of 20% versus the same data reconstructed without cardiac gating. The proposed transceiver array enables (23)Na MR of the human heart at 7.0 T within clinical acceptable scan times. This capability is in positive alignment with the needs of explorations that are designed to examine the potential of (23)Na MRI for the assessment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Graessl
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anjuli Ruehle
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ana Resetar
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan H Hoffmann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Lukas Winter
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Gnahm C, Nagel AM. Anatomically weighted second-order total variation reconstruction of 23Na MRI using prior information from 1H MRI. Neuroimage 2014; 105:452-61. [PMID: 25462793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium ((23)Na) MRI is a noninvasive tool to assess cell viability, which is linked to the total tissue sodium concentration (TSC). However, due to low in vivo concentrations, (23)Na MRI suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited spatial resolution. As a result, image quality is compromised by Gibbs ringing artifacts and partial volume effects. An iterative reconstruction algorithm that incorporates prior information from (1)H MRI is developed to reduce partial volume effects and to increase the SNR in non-proton MRI. Anatomically weighted second-order total variation (AnaWeTV) is proposed as a constraint for compressed sensing reconstruction of 3D projection reconstruction (3DPR) data. The method is evaluated in simulations and a MR measurement of a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient by comparing it to gridding and other reconstruction techniques. AnaWeTV increases resolution of known structures and reduces partial volume effects. In simulated MR brain data (nominal resolution Δx(3) = 3 × 3 × 3 mm(3)), the intensity error of four small MS lesions was reduced from (6.9 ± 3.8)% (gridding) to (2.8 ± 1.4)% (AnaWeTV with T2-weighted reference images). Compared to gridding, a substantial SNR increase of 130% was found in the white matter of the MS patient. The algorithm is robust against misalignment of the prior information on the order of the (23)Na image resolution. Features without prior information are still reconstructed with high contrast. AnaWeTV allows a more precise quantification of TSC in structures with prior knowledge. Thus, the AnaWeTV algorithm is in particular beneficial for the assessment of tissue structures that are visible in both (23)Na and (1)H MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gnahm
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Qian Y, Panigrahy A, Laymon CM, Lee VK, Drappatz J, Lieberman FS, Boada FE, Mountz JM. Short-T 2 imaging for quantifying concentration of sodium ( 23 Na) of bi-exponential T 2 relaxation. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:162-174. [PMID: 25078966 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work intends to demonstrate a new method for quantifying concentration of sodium (23 Na) of bi-exponential T2 relaxation in patients on MRI scanners at 3.0 Tesla. THEORY AND METHODS Two single-quantum (SQ) sodium images acquired at very-short and short echo times (TE = 0.5 and 5.0 ms) are subtracted to produce an image of the short-T2 component of the bi-exponential (or bound) sodium. An integrated calibration on the SQ and short-T2 images quantifies both total and bound sodium concentrations. Numerical models were used to evaluate signal response of the proposed method to the short-T2 components. MRI scans on agar phantoms and brain tumor patients were performed to assess accuracy and performance of the proposed method, in comparison with a conventional method of triple-quantum filtering. RESULTS A good linear relation (R2 = 0.98) was attained between the short-T2 image intensity and concentration of bound sodium. A reduced total scan time of 22 min was achieved under the SAR restriction for human studies in quantifying both total and bound sodium concentrations. CONCLUSION The proposed method is feasible for quantifying bound sodium concentration in routine clinical settings at 3.0 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 74:162-174, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Qian
- MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- PET Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent K Lee
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank S Lieberman
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fernando E Boada
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James M Mountz
- PET Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Benkhedah N, Bachert P, Nagel AM. Two-pulse biexponential-weighted 23Na imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 240:67-76. [PMID: 24530955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new method is proposed for acquiring 3D biexponential-weighted sodium images with two instead of three RF pulses to allow for shorter repetition time at high magnetic fields (B0≥7 T) and reduced SAR. The second pulse converts single- into triple-quantum coherences in regions containing sodium ions which are restricted in mobility. Since only single-quantum coherences can be detected, an image acquired after the second pulse is intrinsically single-quantum-filtered and can be used to generate a biexponential-weighted sodium image by a weighted subtraction with the spin-density-weighted image acquired between the pulses. The proposed sequence generates biexponential-weighted sodium images of in vivo human brain with 140% higher SNR than triple-quantum-filtered sodium images and 4% higher SNR than a biexponential-weighted sequence with three RF pulses at equal acquisition time and with 1/3 lower SAR. As SAR is reduced, accordingly repetition time can be spared to obtain even higher SNR-time efficiency. In comparison to a difference image generated from two images of a double-readout sequence, the proposed two-pulse sequence yields about 14% higher SNR. Our new two-pulse biexponential-weighted sequence allows for acquisition of full 3D data sets of the human brain in vivo with a nominal resolution of (5 mm)(3) in about 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Benkhedah
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Konstandin S, Nagel AM. Measurement techniques for magnetic resonance imaging of fast relaxing nuclei. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:5-19. [PMID: 23881004 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, techniques for sodium ((23)Na) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are presented. These techniques can also be used to image other nuclei with short relaxation times (e.g., (39)K, (35)Cl, (17)O). Twisted projection imaging, density-adapted 3D projection reconstruction, and 3D cones are preferred because of uniform k-space sampling and ultra-short echo times. Sampling density weighted apodization can be applied if intrinsic filtering is desired. This approach leads to an increased signal-to-noise ratio compared to postfiltered acquisition in cases of short readout durations relative to T 2 (*) relaxation time. Different MR approaches for anisotropic resolution are presented, which are important for imaging of thin structures such as myocardium, cartilage, and skin. The third part of this review article describes different methods to put more weighting either on the intracellular or the extracellular sodium signal by means of contrast agents, relaxation-weighted imaging, or multiple-quantum filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Konstandin
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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