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Herrmann CJJ, Els A, Boehmert L, Periquito J, Eigentler TW, Millward JM, Waiczies S, Kuchling J, Paul F, Niendorf T. Simultaneous T 2 and T 2 ∗ mapping of multiple sclerosis lesions with radial RARE-EPI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1383-1402. [PMID: 33951214 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The characteristic MRI features of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions make it conceptually appealing to pursue parametric mapping techniques that support simultaneous generation of quantitative maps of 2 or more MR contrast mechanisms. We present a modular rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE)-EPI hybrid that facilitates simultaneous T2 and T 2 ∗ mapping (2in1-RARE-EPI). METHODS In 2in1-RARE-EPI the first echoes in the echo train are acquired with a RARE module, later echoes are acquired with an EPI module. To define the fraction of echoes covered by the RARE and EPI module, an error analysis of T2 and T 2 ∗ was conducted with Monte Carlo simulations. Radial k-space (under)sampling was implemented for acceleration (R = 2). The feasibility of 2in1-RARE-EPI for simultaneous T2 and T 2 ∗ mapping was examined in a phantom study mimicking T2 and T 2 ∗ relaxation times of the brain. For validation, 2in1-RARE-EPI was benchmarked versus multi spin-echo (MSE) and multi gradient-echo (MGRE) techniques. The clinical applicability of 2in1-RARE-EPI was demonstrated in healthy subjects and MS patients. RESULTS There was a good agreement between T2 / T 2 ∗ values derived from 2in1-RARE-EPI and T2 / T 2 ∗ reference values obtained from MSE and MGRE in both phantoms and healthy subjects. In patients, MS lesions in T2 and T 2 ∗ maps deduced from 2in1-RARE-EPI could be just as clearly delineated as in reference maps calculated from MSE/MGRE. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the feasibility of radially (under)sampled 2in1-RARE-EPI for simultaneous T2 and T 2 ∗ mapping in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J J Herrmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Els
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Boehmert
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Periquito
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wilhelm Eigentler
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Chair of Medical Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Kuchling
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Haddock B, Hansen SK, Lindberg U, Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Aagaard P, Larsson HBW, Suetta C. Exercise-induced fluid shifts are distinct to exercise mode and intensity: a comparison of blood flow-restricted and free-flow resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1822-1835. [PMID: 33914664 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01012.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI can provide fundamental tools in decoding physiological stressors stimulated by training paradigms. Acute physiological changes induced by three diverse exercise protocols known to elicit similar levels of muscle hypertrophy were evaluated using muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI). The study was a cross-over study with participants (n = 10) performing three acute unilateral knee extensor exercise protocols to failure and a work matched control exercise protocol. Participants were scanned after each exercise protocol; 70% 1 repetition maximum (RM) (FF70); 20% 1RM (FF20); 20% 1RM with blood flow restriction (BFR20); free-flow (FF) control work matched to BFR20 (FF20WM). Post exercise mfMRI scans were used to obtain interleaved measures of muscle R2 (indicator of edema), R2' (indicator of deoxyhemoglobin), muscle cross sectional area (CSA) blood flow, and diffusion. Both BFR20 and FF20 exercise resulted in a larger acute decrease in R2, decrease in R2', and expansion of the extracellular compartment with slower rates of recovery. BFR20 caused greater acute increases in muscle CSA than FF20WM and FF70. Only BFR20 caused acute increases in intracellular volume. Postexercise muscle blood flow was higher after FF70 and FF20 exercise than BFR20. Acute changes in mean diffusivity were similar across all exercise protocols. This study was able to differentiate the acute physiological responses between anabolic exercise protocols. Low-load exercise protocols, known to have relatively higher energy contributions from glycolysis at task failure, elicited a higher mfMRI response. Noninvasive mfMRI represents a promising tool for decoding mechanisms of anabolic adaptation in muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using muscle functional MRI (mfMRI), this study was able to differentiate the acute physiological responses following three established hypertrophic resistance exercise strategies. Low-load exercise protocols performed to failure, with or without blood flow restriction, resulted in larger changes in R2 (i.e. greater T2-shifts) with a slow rate of return to baseline indicative of myocellular fluid shifts. These data were cross evaluated with interleaved measures of macrovascular blood flow, water diffusion, muscle cross sectional area (i.e. acute macroscopic muscle swelling), and intracellular water fraction measured using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lindberg Nielsen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik B W Larsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Haddock B, Hansen SK, Lindberg U, Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Aagaard P, Larsson HBW, Suetta C. Physiological responses of human skeletal muscle to acute blood flow restricted exercise assessed by multimodal MRI. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:748-759. [PMID: 32853108 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00171.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Important physiological quantities for investigating muscle hypertrophy include blood oxygenation, cell swelling, and changes in blood flow. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute changes of these parameters in human skeletal muscle induced by low-load (20% 1-RM) blood flow-restricted (BFR-20) knee extensor exercise compared with free-flow work-matched (FF-20WM) and free-flow 50% 1-RM (FF-50) knee extensor exercise using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subjects (n = 11) completed acute exercise sessions for each exercise mode in an MRI scanner, where interleaved measures of muscle R2 (indicator of edema), [Formula: see text] (indicator of deoxyhemoglobin), macrovascular blood flow, and diffusion were performed before, between sets, and after the final set for each exercise protocol. BFR-20 exercise resulted in larger acute decreases in R2 and greater increases in cross-sectional area than FF-20WM and FF-50 (P < 0.01). Blood oxygenation decreased between sets during BFR-20, as indicated by a 13.6% increase in [Formula: see text] values (P < 0.01)), whereas they remained unchanged for FF-20WM and decreased during FF-50 exercise. Quadriceps blood flow between sets was highest for the heavier load (FF-50), averaging 305 mL/min, and lowest for BFR-20 at 123 ± 73 mL/min until post-exercise cuff release, where blood flow rates in BFR-20 exceeded both FF protocols (P < 0.01). Acute changes in diffusion rates were similar for all exercise protocols. This study was able to differentiate the acute exercise response of selected physiological factors associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Marked differences in these parameters were found to exist between BFR and FF exercise conditions, which contribute to explain the anabolic potential of low-load blood flow restricted muscle exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute changes in blood flow, diffusion, blood oxygenation, cross-sectional area, and the "T2 shift" are evaluated in human skeletal muscle in response to blood flow-restricted (BFR) and conventional free-flow knee extensor exercise performed in an MRI scanner. The acute physiological response to exercise was dependent on the magnitude of load and the application of BFR. Physiological variables changed markedly and established a steady state rapidly after the first of four exercise sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg and Herlev-Gentofte Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lindberg Nielsen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik B W Larsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg and Herlev-Gentofte Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yin Y, Zhang Y, Gao JH. Dynamic measurement of oxygen extraction fraction using a multiecho asymmetric spin echo (MASE) pulse sequence. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1118-1124. [PMID: 29315817 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Yin
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhang
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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Wang C, Zhao K, Zhang R, Jiang L, Wang R, Zhang X, Wang H, Jin L, Zhang J, Wang X, Fang J. Evaluation of renal oxygenation change under the influence of carbogen breathing using a dynamic R 2 , R 2 ' and R 2 * quantification approach. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1601-1607. [PMID: 27670144 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic renal R2 /R2 '/R2 * measurements based on a method, denoted psMASE-ME, in which a periodic 180° pulse-shifting multi-echo asymmetric spin echo (psMASE) sequence, combined with a moving estimation (ME) strategy, is adopted. Following approval by the institutional animal care and use committee, a block design of respiratory challenge with interleaved air and carbogen (97% O2 , 3% CO2 ) breathing was employed in nine rabbits. Parametrical R2 /R2 '/R2 * maps were computed and average R2 /R2 '/R2 * values were measured in regions of interest in the renal medulla and cortex. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between the proposed method and reference standards of multi-echo spin echo and multi-echo gradient echo sequences. Renal R2 , R2 ' and R2 * decreased significantly from 16.2 ± 4.4 s-1 , 9.8 ± 5.2 s-1 and 25.9 ± 5.0 s-1 to 14.9 ± 4.4 s-1 (p < 0.05), 8.5 ± 4.1 s-1 (p < 0.05) and 23.4 ± 4.8 s-1 (p < 0.05) in the cortex when switching the gas mixture from room air to carbogen. In the renal medulla, R2 , R2 ' and R2 * also decreased significantly from 12.9 ± 4.7 s-1 , 15.1 ± 5.8 s-1 and 27.9 ± 5.3 s-1 to 11.8 ± 4.5 s-1 (p < 0.05), 14.2 ± 4.2 s-1 (p < 0.05) and 25.8 ± 5.1 s-1 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in relative R2 , R2 ' and R2 * changes were observed between the cortex and medulla (p = 0.72 for R2 , p = 0.39 for R2 ' and p = 0.61 for R2 *). The psMASE-ME method for dynamic renal R2 /R2 '/R2 * measurements, together with the respiratory challenge, has potential use in the evaluation of renal oxygenation in many renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Philips Healthcare, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Wang
- Philips Healthcare, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Jin
- Philips Healthcare, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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