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Jeganathan C, Tan JL, Dhepnorrarat C. Rare case of p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer metastasis to the orbit. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e257679. [PMID: 38417943 PMCID: PMC10900310 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a man in his 70s who was diagnosed with a p16-positive base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and presented with deteriorating vision and exophthalmos. Imaging revealed medial rectus hypertrophy, and surgery confirmed metastatic p16-positive SCC. Literature reveals that orbital metastasis from any malignancy is a rare occurrence, and even that of p16-positive oropharyngeal SCC has only been reported once in English literature previously. The case highlights the importance of maintaining a wide differential and not being narrowed into a diagnosis or treatment, and given the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus-related cancers, it is important to preserve a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Jeganathan
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jian Li Tan
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chris Dhepnorrarat
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Hong Y, Ning L, Sun Y, Qian H, Ji Y. The growth and shape of the eyeball and crystalline lens in utero documented by fetal MR imaging. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12885. [PMID: 36685428 PMCID: PMC9851875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the growth model, shape, and developmental relationship of lens and eyeball, we used two-dimensional Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging to investigate gestationally age-related changes in the selected ocular parameters in vivo. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the MR images from 126 fetuses ranging from 21 to 39 weeks' gestation. Ocular parameters on MR imaging of transverse plane were measured including lens diameter (LD), anteroposterior lens diameter (APLD), lens surface area (LS), globe diameter (GD), anteroposterior globe diameter (APGD), globe surface area (GS). The growth model of each biometric against gestational age (GA), aspect ratio of lens and globe (LD/APLD and GD/APGD), and growing relationship between the ratio of lens and globe surface area (LS/GS) were studied by statistical analysis. Results The growth model of most biometry for gestational age is logarithmic, except for the diameter of the ocular globe (GD and APGD) showing a quadratic growth pattern. Our study showed that the lens was consistently larger in the transverse than the anteroposterior diameters during 21-39 weeks(P < 0.001). Besides, the ratio of surface area (LS/GS) was not significantly changing with GA(P = 0.4908), while the increase of LS was significantly accorded with that of GS(P < 0.001). Conclusion The lens shape throughout fetal life may take part in the process, shape changing from vertical ellipsoid, spherical to transversal ellipsoid, based on the logarithmically increased ratio of lens transverse and anteroposterior diameters. In the meanwhile, the aspect ratio of eyeball in late fetal life may imply a gradually spherical shape during gestation. Nomogram data from this study may provide appropriate information about morphological changes in the fetal lens and the synchronous relationship between lens and eyeball.
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Key Words
- AIC, Akaike Information Criterion
- APGD, anteroposterior globe diameter
- APLD, anteroposterior lens diameter
- CC, correlation coefficient
- CI, confidence intervals
- Eye biometry
- Fetus
- GA, gestational age
- GD, globe diameter
- GS, globe surface area
- LD, lens diameter
- LS, lens surface area
- Lens growth
- Lens shape
- MR imaging
- MR, Magnetic Resonance
- OLS, ordinary least square
- Ocular globe growth
- SD, standard deviation
- SNR, signal-to noise ratio
- T2W, T2 weighted
- US, ultrasound
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Li Ning
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China,Corresponding author. Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No. 419 Fangxie Rd. Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yinghong Ji
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031, China,Corresponding author. Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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An Axis between the Long Non-Coding RNA HOXA11-AS and NQOs Enhances Metastatic Ability in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810704. [PMID: 36142607 PMCID: PMC9506332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in human cancers. HOXA11 anti-sense RNA (HOXA11-AS) is an lncRNA belonging to the homeobox (HOX) gene cluster that promotes liver metastasis in human colon cancer. However, its role and mechanism of action in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unclear. In this study, we investigated HOXA11-AS expression and function in human OSCC tissues and cell lines, as well as a mouse model of OSCC. Our analyses showed that HOXA11-AS expression in human OSCC cases correlates with lymph node metastasis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) upregulation, and dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH): quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) downregulation. Using the human OSCC cell lines HSC3 and HSC4, we demonstrate that HOXA11-AS promotes NQO1 expression by sponging microRNA-494. In contrast, HOXA11-AS recruits zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to the NQO2 promoter to suppress its expression via the trimethylation of H3K27. The upregulation of NQO1 enzymatic activity by HOXA11-AS results in the consumption of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which reduces FAD-requiring glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity and suppresses glycolysis. However, our analyses show that lactic acid fermentation levels are preserved by glutaminolysis due to increased malic enzyme-1 expression, promoting enhanced proliferation, invasion, survival, and drug resistance. In contrast, suppression of NQO2 expression reduces the consumption of NRH via NQO2 enzymatic activity and increases NAD levels, which promotes enhanced stemness and metastatic potential. In mouse tumor models, knockdown of HOXA11-AS markedly suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis. From these findings, targeting HOXA11-AS may strongly suppress high-grade OSCC by regulating both NQO1 and NQO2.
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Immune-associated plasma proteins in oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10753. [PMID: 36193525 PMCID: PMC9525905 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma protein patterns differ between cancer patients and healthy donors. This study aimed to examine the plasma levels of several cytokines and immunological checkpoint proteins between patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer and healthy donors. Materials and methods Plasma samples from healthy donors, oral cancer patients, and oropharyngeal cancer patients were analyzed using the Human Th Cytokine Panel 13-plex (IL-2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 17A, 17F, 21, 22, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and Human Immune Checkpoint Panel1 12-plex [sCD25 (IL-2Ra), 4-1BB, sCD27, B7.2 (CD86), Free Active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, and Galectin-9]. The plasma 4-1BB levels were verified by Western blot method. In addition, the study of the receive operating curve (ROC) yielded the calculation of a number of diagnostically significant indicators. Results Significantly increased levels of IL-6, 4-1BB, PDL-1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 and decreased levels of IL-13 and sCD27 were observed in cancer patients compared with healthy donors. These levels were highly significant, particularly for cancer patients in stage IV. Validation by Western blot revealed that cancer patients had higher plasma levels of 4-1BB than healthy donors (p < 0.05), and ROC curve analysis revealed that plasma 4-1BB had the highest cancer detection capability. Intriguingly, plasma levels of 4-1BB were significantly positively correlated with PDL-1 and PD-1 levels (p < 0.0001). Conclusion This data provided descriptive knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer immunity at a fundamental level. Additional research should concentrate on the significantly different factors, especially 4-1BB, PDL-1, and PD-1, which may contribute to the development of novel alternative diagnostic tools or therapies for patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Plasma levels of 4-1BB were increased in head and neck cancer patients. The level of plasma 4-1BB correlated with levels of plasma PD-1 and PDL-1. Plasma 4-1BB possible to use as head and neck cancer screening. Plasma 4-1BB may be developed as an alternative cancer immunotherapeutic drug.
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Erkılınç G, Yasan H, Kumbul YÇ, Sivrice ME, Durgun M. Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in the neovasculature of primary tumors and lymph node metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2022; 56:134-143. [PMID: 35501674 PMCID: PMC9119807 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2022.02.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression is encountered in tumor-associated neovascularization. Methods PSMA-antibody was applied to the paraffin blocks of 51 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and underwent laryngectomy and one who underwent lymph node dissection. The percentage of vascular expression in tumoral and extratumoral stroma and lymph nodes and intensity score in tumoral epithelium were evaluated and divided into groups according to the level of PSMA expression. Final PSMA expression was determined by multiplying intensity and percentage scores. Results The mean age was 61±10 years. Patients with perineural invasion, cartilage invasion, and local invasion exhibited higher PSMA expression scores. Age, tumor differentiation, tumor diameter, perineural invasion, tumor localization, capsular invasion, depth of invasion, surgical margin status, local invasion, nodal metastasis, TNM classification, and stage were similar in high and low PSMA expression groups. There was no PSMA expression in extratumoral vascular stroma. Significantly higher PSMA expression was observed in the vascular endothelium of metastatic lymph nodes compared with reactive lymph nodes. Patients with advanced-stage disease exhibited higher PSMA vascular expression scores compared to those with earlier stages (p<.001). PSMA expression was not correlated with overall survival, disease-specific survival, or disease-free survival (p>.05). Conclusions Our study suggests that higher PSMA expression is associated with cartilage invasion, local invasion, and advanced-stage of disease. PSMA expression can be utilized for detection of lymph node metastasis and has some predictive role in cases of neck metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Erkılınç
- Department of Pathology, Süleyman Demirel Univesity, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Gamze Erkılınç, MD, Department of Pathology, Süleyman Demirel Univesity, Süleyman Demirel Street, 32260, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey Tel: +90-2462113714, Fax: +90-2462112830, E-mail:
| | - Hasan Yasan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Süleyman Demirel Univesity, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Çağdaş Kumbul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Süleyman Demirel Univesity, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emre Sivrice
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Süleyman Demirel Univesity, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
| | - Meltem Durgun
- Department of Pathology, Süleyman Demirel Univesity, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
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Grover M, Behl T, Sachdeva M, Bungao S, Aleya L, Setia D. Focus on Multi-targeted Role of Curcumin: a Boon in Therapeutic Paradigm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18893-18907. [PMID: 33595796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound that exhibited good anticancer potential against different types of cancers through its multi-targeted effect like the termination of cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, thereby acting as antiproliferative and cytotoxic in nature. The present review surveys the various drug combination tried with curcumin or its synthetic analogues and also the mechanism by which curcumin potentiates the effect of almost every drug. In addition, this article also focuses on aromatherapy which is gaining much popularity in cancer patients. After thoroughly studying several articles on combination therapy of curcumin through authenticated book chapters, websites, research, and review articles available at PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc., it has been observed that multi-targeted curcumin possess enormous anticancer potential and, with whatever drug it is given in combination, has always resulted in enhanced effect with reduced dose as well as side effects. It is also capable enough in overcoming the problem of chemoresistance. Besides this, aromatherapy also proved its potency in reducing cancer-related side effects. Combining all the factors together, we can conclude that combination therapy of drugs with curcumin should be explored extensively. In addition, aromatherapy can be used as an adjuvant or supplementary therapy to reduce the cancer complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Grover
- B.S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Alampur, Haryana, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Simona Bungao
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Dhruv Setia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Liu C, Billet S, Choudhury D, Cheng R, Haldar S, Fernandez A, Biondi S, Liu Z, Zhou H, Bhowmick NA. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells interact with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells to promote cancer progression and drug resistance. Neoplasia 2021; 23:118-128. [PMID: 33310208 PMCID: PMC7732973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are often diagnosed at later stages with poor outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are recruited to primary tumor sites where they can have pro- and antitumorigenic influence. In trying to better understand the dynamics between MSC and cancer cells, we found that head and neck cancer-MSC exposure resulted in mesenchymal features, elevated proliferation rate, and were more motile, like the same cells that fused with MSC. We orthotopically grafted the parental head and neck cancer cells, those fused with MSC, or those exposed to MSC into the tongues of mice. The cancer cells originally incubated with MSC developed larger more aggressive tumors compared to the parental cell line. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the expression of genes associated with drug resistance in the cancer cells exposed to MSC compared to parental cancer cells. Strikingly, MSC exposed cancer cell lines developed paclitaxel resistance that could be maintained up to 30 d after the initial co-incubation period. The secretory profile of the MSC suggested IL-6 to be a potential mediator of epigenetic imprinting on the head and neck cancer cells. When the MSC-imprinted cancer cells were exposed to the demethylation agent, 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine, it restored the expression of the drug resistance genes to that of parental cells. This study demonstrated that the recognized recruitment of MSC to tumors could impart multiple protumorigenic properties including chemotherapy resistance like that observed in the relatively rare event of cancer/MSC cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sandrine Billet
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Subhash Haldar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shea Biondi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ceron Jayme C, Ferreira Pires A, Tedesco AC. Development of DNA polymer films as a drug delivery system for the treatment of oral cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1612-1625. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chen CF, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chiu HY, Yang JS, Lee CY, Way TD, Huang HJ. Synergistic inhibitory effects of cetuximab and curcumin on human cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cells through intrinsic apoptotic process. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6323-6330. [PMID: 30333889 PMCID: PMC6176463 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb), is a novel targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with oral cancer. Cetuximab can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to prolong the overall survival rates of patients with oral cancer. Curcumin is a traditional Chinese medicine, and it has been demonstrated to have growth-inhibiting effects on oral cancer cells. However, information regarding the combination of cetuximab and curcumin in drug-resistant oral cancer cells is lacking, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore the oral anticancer effects of cetuximab combined with curcumin on cisplatin-resistant oral cancer CAR cell apoptosis in vitro. The results demonstrated that combination treatment synergistically potentiated the effect of cetuximab and curcumin on the suppression of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in CAR cells. Cetuximab and curcumin combination induced apoptosis and dramatically increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities compared with singular treatment. Combination treatment also markedly suppressed the protein expression levels of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling (phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38). The results demonstrated that co-treatment with cetuximab and curcumin exerts synergistic oral anticancer effects on CAR cells through the suppression of the EGFR signaling by regulation of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Fu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen Catholic Junior College, Chiayi County 622, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Nakashima C, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara‐Tani R, Luo Y, Matsushima S, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Sasahira T, Sasaki T, Kitadai Y, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Expression of cytosolic malic enzyme (ME1) is associated with disease progression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2036-2045. [PMID: 29601126 PMCID: PMC5989842 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a multifunctional protein involved in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, NADPH production, glutamine metabolism, and lipogenesis. It is overexpressed in various cancers. We examined the expression of ME1 in 119 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) using immunohistochemistry. Malic enzyme 1 expression was moderate to strong in 57 (48%) OSCCs and correlated with pT, pN, clinical stage, and histological grade. In 37 cases with prognostic evaluation, moderate to strong ME1 expression indicated a worse prognosis than did weak ME1 expression. Malic enzyme 1 knockdown or inactivation by lanthanide inhibited cell proliferation and motility and suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HSC3 human OSCC cells. Knockdown of ME1 also shifted energy metabolism from aerobic glycolysis and lactate fermentation to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and the redox status from reductive to oxidative. In a mouse tumor model, lanthanide suppressed tumor growth and increased survival time. These findings reveal that ME1 is a valid target for molecular therapy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Nakashima
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | | | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Sayako Matsushima
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of Health and SciencePrefectural University of HiroshimaHiroshimaJapan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular PathologyNara Medical UniversityKashiharaJapan
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11
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Mucoadhesive alginate pastes with embedded liposomes for local oral drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Wang H, Qiu X, Lin S, Chen X, Wang T, Liao T. Knockdown of IFI27 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:64. [PMID: 29580248 PMCID: PMC5870725 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) involves genetic mutations, epigenetic gene expression modification, and other processes. It has been reported that IFI27 is upregulated in OSCC, but its function is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IFI27 on OSCC cell proliferation and invasion. Methods The protein level of IFI27 in OSCC tissues and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. In the OSCC cell model, we designed the IFI27 siRNA to downregulate the expression of IFI27; gene and protein of IFI27 in those models were then detected by Q-PCR and Western blot. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of -IFI27 knockdown on cell proliferation; Annexin V-PI staining flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of IFI27 downregulation on apoptosis of cancer cells. The effect of IFI27 downregulation on oral cancer cell invasion was detected using Transwell assay. Results IFI27 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues by immunohistochemical assay. In the OSCC cell model, IFI27 siRNA could downregulate the mRNA and protein expression level of IFI27. As showed in MTT assay, Annexin V-PI assay, and Transwell assay, through the downregulation of IFI27, TSCCA and TCA8113 cell proliferation were inhibited, OSCC cell apoptosis was promoted, and its migration and invasion were inhibited. Conclusion IFI27 is involved in the development and progression of OSCC. Its high expression promotes cell proliferation and invasion and reduces apoptosis. These findings may provide new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OSCC diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Xiuhua Road NO.19, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
| | - Xunding Qiu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Xiuhua Road NO.19, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shigeng Lin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Xiuhua Road NO.19, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xubin Chen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Xiuhua Road NO.19, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Xiuhua Road NO.19, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Tianan Liao
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Xiuhua Road NO.19, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
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Li R, Wang R, Zhai R, Dong Z. Targeted Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells in vitro. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:781-6. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim and Objective Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancers of the head and neck region. The survival rate of patients with laryngeal carcinoma is low due to its late metastases and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It was reported that mTOR was involved in the growth and apoptosis of various cancer cells. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of mTOR inhibition by mTOR shRNA on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasive ability of Hep-2 human laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods and Study Design mTOR shRNA was designed and transfected into Hep-2 human laryngeal carcinoma cells. Untreated cells and cells treated with control vector (non-targeted shRNA) were used as control. The proliferation and apoptosis of Hep-2 cells were detected by MTT and flow cytometry. A transwell assay was used to measure the invasive ability of Hep-2. The inhibition effects on the mTOR signaling pathway by mTOR shRNA were studied using RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Our results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of mTOR and Akt were high in laryngeal carcinoma cells and could be inhibited by mTOR shRNA. At the same time, low expression of PTEN mRNA and protein was observed in Hep-2 cells. The expression increased when the cells were transfected with mTOR shRNA. This showed that mTOR shRNA could inhibit the proliferation and invasive ability of Hep-2 cells. It also could induce the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells in vitro. Conclusions The mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of laryngeal carcinoma. The mTOR shRNA we designed in this experiment effectively inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway. It inhibited the proliferation and invasive ability of the studied laryngeal carcinoma cells and induced their apoptosis in vitro. mTOR might therefore be a useful target in the therapy of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of JiaMuSi University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Riguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of JiaMuSi University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Raosheng Zhai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of JiaMuSi University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
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Liu C, Feng X, Wang B, Wang X, Wang C, Yu M, Cao G, Wang H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote head and neck cancer progression through Periostin-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:688-698. [PMID: 29284199 PMCID: PMC5834805 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) have been shown to be recruited to the tumor microenvironment and exert a tumor‐promoting effect in a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms related to the tumor‐promoting effect of BMMSC on head and neck cancer (HNC) are not clear. In this study, we investigated Periostin (POSTN) and its roles in the tumor‐promoting effect of BMMSC on HNC. In vitro analysis of HNC cells cultured in BMMSC‐conditioned media (MSC‐CM) showed that MSC‐CM significantly promoted cancer progression by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and altering expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, MSC‐CM promoted the expression of POSTN and POSTN promoted HNC progression through the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In a murine model of HNC, we found that BMMSC promoted tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and enhanced the expression of POSTN and EMT in tumor tissues. Clinical sample analysis further confirmed that the expression of POSTN and N‐cadherin were correlated with pathological grade and lymph node metastasis of HNC. In conclusion, this study indicated that BMMSC promoted proliferation, invasion, survival, tumorigenicity and migration of head and neck cancer through POSTN‐mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baixiang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guifen Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Metastatic model of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma demonstrates heterogeneity in tumor metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24194-207. [PMID: 27013584 PMCID: PMC5029694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus induced (HPV+) cancer incidence is rapidly rising, comprising 60–80% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs); while rare, recurrent/metastatic disease accounts for nearly all related deaths. An in vivo pre-clinical model for these invasive cancers is necessary for testing new therapies. We characterize an immune competent recurrent/metastatic HPV+ murine model of OPSSC which consists of four lung metastatic (MLM) cell lines isolated from an animal with HPV+ OPSCC that failed cisplatin/radiation treatment. These individual metastatic clonal cell lines were tested to verify their origin (parental transgene expression and define their physiological properties: proliferation, metastatic potential, heterogeneity and sensitivity/resistance to cisplatin and radiation. All MLMs retain expression of parental HPV16 E6 and E7 and degrade P53 yet are heterogeneous from one another and from the parental cell line as defined by Illumina expression microarray. Consistent with this, reverse phase protein array defines differences in protein expression/activation between MLMs as well as the parental line. While in vitro growth rates of MLMs are slower than the parental line, in vivo growth of MLM clones is greatly enhanced. Moreover, in vivo resistance to standard therapies is dramatically increased in 3 of the 4 MLMs. Lymphatic and/or lung metastasis occurs 100% of the time in one MLM line. This recurrent/metastatic model of HPV+ OPSCC retains the characteristics evident in refractory human disease (heterogeneity, resistance to therapy, metastasis in lymph nodes/lungs) thus serving as an ideal translational system to test novel therapeutics. Moreover, this system may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of metastasis.
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16
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Emerging roles of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway in cancer: potential therapeutic target for kinase inhibition. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1117-34. [PMID: 27528760 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signalling pathway. Similar to TGF-β, the complex roles of BMPs in development and disease are demonstrated by their dichotomous roles in various cancers and cancer stages. Although early studies implicated BMP signalling in tumour suppressive phenotypes, the results of more recent experiments recognize BMPs as potent tumour promoters. Many of these complexities are becoming illuminated by understanding the role of BMPs in their contextual role in unique cell types of cancer and the impact of their surrounding tumour microenvironment. Here we review the emerging roles of BMP signalling in cancer, with a focus on the molecular underpinnings of BMP signalling in individual cancers as a valid therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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17
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Lee BS, Kim HJ, Hwang JW, Cheong KH, Kim KA, Cha HY, Lee JM, Kim CH. The Dual Inhibition of Met and EGFR by ME22S, a Novel Met/EGFR Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody, Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Laryngeal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:2046-53. [PMID: 26812910 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-5084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that the abnormal activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is associated with the development of many human carcinomas and the high activation of EGFR and Met mediates the tumorigenicity of laryngeal carcinoma. In this study, we have done the therapeutic efficacy of ME22S (a novel EGFR/Met bispecific antibody) in laryngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo was thoroughly evaluated. METHODS The effects of ME22S on cell viability was assessed through MTT assays, and then Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the expression of EGFR and Met. Also, wound healing and invasion assays were performed to observe the inhibitory effects of ME22S. RESULTS We found the ability of ME22S reducing the expression of both EGFR and Met and significantly inhibiting the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation of SNU899 and HN3 in vitro. Also, the notably reduced levels of p-Met, p-ERK, and p-AKT were found when the cells were treated with only ME22S alone or with HGF together. Meanwhile, ME22S, interestingly enough, caused caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death when HN3 cells were treated with ME22S for 72 h, decreased the HGF-induced Slug expression, and also inhibited the tumor growth of HN3 cells in a xenograft model in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that the dual inhibition of EGFR and Met through ME22S largely suppresses the invasion and growth of laryngeal carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo, hence, can be a practical approach as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Soon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Jun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Hwang
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Cheong
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Cha
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Masloub SM, Elmalahy MH, Sabry D, Mohamed WS, Ahmed SH. Comparative evaluation of PLGA nanoparticle delivery system for 5-fluorouracil and curcumin on squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 64:1-10. [PMID: 26735343 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and curcumin naoparticles on cell proliferation and the expression of the apoptotic marker (caspase 3) in squamous cell carcinoma cell line. MATERIAL AND METHODS PLGA 5-fluorouracil nanopartciles and PLGA curcumin nanoparticles were prepared and applied for 24 and 48h on human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line (Hep-2) as regard IC 50 concentration. MTT assay was used for evaluation of cytotoxicity of prepared nanoparticles. Quantitaive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used for the assessment of caspase-3 expression in the treated cell line. RESULTS The drug release rate profiles was dependent upon polymer to drug ratio, noting that the higher PLGA polymer ratio to 5-fluprouracil or curcumin drug showed faster release rates. On the other hand, the least PLGA polymer ratio to 5-fluprouracil or curcumin drug showed the slowest release rates. MTT assay revelaed that 5-fluorouracil nanoparticels or curcumin nanoparticels showed a clear cytotoxic effect on Hep-2 cell line compared to non treated cancer cells. The RT-PCR assessment of caspase-3 expression revealed that there was a significant increase in caspase-3 expression in Hep-2 cell line treated with 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles or curcumin compared to non treated cancer cells. CONCLUSION Curcumin nanoparticles could be more active in inducing apoptosis in short term assays (24h) than long term assays (48h) due to differential cellular uptake. While 5-fluorouracil nanoparticles induced higher significant apoptosis in long term (48h) compared to curcumin group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Masloub
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Elmalahy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wael S Mohamed
- Polymer and Pigment, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar H Ahmed
- Lab Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University For Science &Technology, Egypt
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Lucido CT, Vermeer PD, Wieking BG, Vermeer DW, Lee JH. CD137 enhancement of HPV positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor clearance. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 2:841-53. [PMID: 25984365 PMCID: PMC4429800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard-of-care cisplatin and radiation therapy (CRT) provides significant tumor control of human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs); this effectiveness depends on CRT-mediated activation of the patient's own immune system. However, despite good survival, patients suffer significant morbidity necessitating on-going studies to define novel therapies that alleviate this burden. Given the role of the immune system in tumor clearance, immune modulation may further potentiate the CRT-activated response while potentially decreasing morbidity. CD137, an inducible cell surface receptor found on activated T cells, is involved in differentiation and survival signaling in T cells upon binding of its natural partner (CD137L). A number of studies have shown the effectiveness of targeting this immune-stimulatory pathway in regards to tumor clearance. Here we test its role in HPV+ HNSCC tumor clearance using a previously characterized mouse model. We show that amplification of this stimulatory pathway synergizes with CRT for enhanced tumor clearance. Interestingly, tumor clearance is further potentiated by local tumor cell expression of CD137L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Lucido
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; E-Mails: (C.T.L.); (P.D.V.); (B.G.W.); (D.W.V.)
| | - Paola D. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; E-Mails: (C.T.L.); (P.D.V.); (B.G.W.); (D.W.V.)
| | - Bryant G. Wieking
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; E-Mails: (C.T.L.); (P.D.V.); (B.G.W.); (D.W.V.)
| | - Daniel W. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; E-Mails: (C.T.L.); (P.D.V.); (B.G.W.); (D.W.V.)
| | - John H. Lee
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; E-Mails: (C.T.L.); (P.D.V.); (B.G.W.); (D.W.V.)
- Sanford Health, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-605-312-6103; Fax: +1-605-312-6201
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Woods RSR, O’Regan EM, Kennedy S, Martin C, O’Leary JJ, Timon C. Role of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A review. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:172-193. [PMID: 24945004 PMCID: PMC4061306 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, traditional paradigms in relation to the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been changing. Research into HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is rapidly expanding, however many molecular pathological and clinical aspects of the role of HPV remain uncertain and are the subject of ongoing investigation. A detailed search of the literature pertaining to HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was performed and information on the topic was gathered. In this article, we present an extensive review of the current literature on the role of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in relation to epidemiology, risk factors, carcinogenesis, biomarkers and clinical implications. HPV has been established as a causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and biologically active HPV can act as a prognosticator with better overall survival than HPV-negative tumours. A distinct group of younger patients with limited tobacco and alcohol exposure have emerged as characteristic of this HPV-related subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are not completely understood and further studies are needed to assist development of optimal prevention and treatment modalities.
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21
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Nathan CAO, Kaskas NM, Ma X, Chaudhery S, Lian T, Moore-Medlin T, Shi R, Mehta V. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in the Detection of Head and Neck Precancerous Lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 151:73-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814528660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in the diagnostic differentiation of non-neoplastic lesions from precancerous and cancerous lesions of head and neck patients. Study Design Diagnostic test evaluation. Setting Louisiana State University Health Shreveport. Subjects and Methods Intravenous injection of fluorescein was given to patients with precancerous and cancerous head and neck lesions (n = 21) followed by the use of a 1.8-mm GastroFlex probe in the oral cavity with subsequent biopsies of selected areas. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy images were compared to histologic evaluation of visualized sites using sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV). Results The dorsal surface of the tongue was not well visualized. The remaining nonkeratinized subsites, including the buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, and ventral tongue, were well visualized. Diagnoses based on pCLE images correlated well with the gold standard diagnoses based on tissue histology. The overall sensitivity for diagnosis of dysplasia versus nondysplasia was 80.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.0-98.0), specificity and PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 80.0% (95% CI, 60.0-100.0). The overall specificity, sensitivity, PPV, and NPV for pCLE diagnosis of carcinoma versus nondysplasia were 100%. The overall sensitivity for diagnosis of carcinoma versus dysplasia was 85.7% (95% CI, 73.0-99.0), specificity and PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 80.0% (95% CI, 60.0-100.0). Conclusion The pCLE is a promising method for differentiating between nondysplastic, precancerous, and cancerous lesions of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nadine M. Kaskas
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shubnum Chaudhery
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Timothy Lian
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tara Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Runhua Shi
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vikas Mehta
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Löhler J, Gerstner AOH, Bootz F, Walther LE. Incidence and localization of abnormal mucosa findings in patients consulting ENT outpatient clinics and data analysis of a cancer registry. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:1289-97. [PMID: 24114062 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For patients without symptoms and at risk, there is no established early detection program to discover carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract in the sense of secondary prevention. Such type of prevention seems even more desirable because the chances for a cure and the quality of life are strongly dependent on the stage of the tumor and the time of the initial diagnosis. Six hundred and eight patients without symptoms but at least one of the self-reported risk factors "smoking", "alcohol consumption" or "reflux" were examined with an endoscope or an optical microscope for pathological findings in the upper aerodigestive tract once a year. In addition, the incidence of malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract between 2001 and 2010 was determined through the Cancer Registry of Schleswig-Holstein. Tissue samples were taken from 18 of the 608 patients. Eleven patients (1.8%) had a squamous cell carcinoma. Another patient suffered from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one from larynx tuberculosis. The ratio of detected malignancies in the oral cavity and the oropharynx on the one hand and the hypopharynx and larynx, which can only be examined by endoscopes, on the other hand were in our cohorts and in our survey according to the cancer registry was 5/6. The above-described methods allow examining risk patients easily and safely. According to current publications, the ratio of the found malignancies exceeds the expected ratio significantly, which presumably was caused by the examination targeting patients at risk. Due to the expanded examination area using optical instruments more than doubles the rate of discoverable malignancies compared to the limitations posed by the examination of directly visible areas of the oral cavity of the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Löhler
- Research Institute for Applied Otolaryngology (WIAHNO) of the German Professional Association of Otolaryngologists e. V., Maienbeeck 1, 24576, Bad Bramstedt, Germany,
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Lionello M, Lovato A, Staffieri A, Blandamura S, Turato C, Giacomelli L, Staffieri C, Marioni G. The EGFR-mTOR pathway and laryngeal cancer angiogenesis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:757-64. [PMID: 24065188 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a trans-membrane tyrosine kinase taking part in cell transformation and tumor progression. One of the downstream pathways controlled by EGFR involves the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a proto-oncogene activated in several cell functions. Recent evidence seems to confirm that both EGFR and mTOR regulate angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and mTOR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cells in a retrospective clinical setting and their correlation with tumor neo-angiogenesis, judged on the grounds of CD105-assessed microvascular density (MVD), and prognosis. We considered 76 consecutive patients with LSCC treated with surgery alone. Immunohistochemical expressions of EGFR, mTOR, and CD105 were measured using image analysis and findings underwent statistical analysis using univariate and multivariate models. We found that nodal status correlated significantly with patient prognosis in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.01). There was a strong direct correlation between mTOR and EGFR expression (p = 0.0003), and between mTOR and CD105-assessed MVD (p = 0.0025). Patients with a CD105-assessed MVD >5.28 % had a significantly higher recurrence rate (RR) (p = 0.026), and a significantly shorter DFS (p = 0.025). On multivariate analysis, only N stage [hazard ratio (HR) 3.54, p = 0.009] and CD105-assessed MVD (HR 2.87, p = 0.027) maintained their independent prognostic significance in terms of DFS. Judging from our promising findings, the EGFR-mTOR pathway should be investigated further to understand its role in LSCC neo-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,
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Sinha N, Mukhopadhyay S, Das DN, Panda PK, Bhutia SK. Relevance of cancer initiating/stem cells in carcinogenesis and therapy resistance in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:854-862. [PMID: 23876628 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) acquires the top most position among the other malignancies and patients die with this disease complication within 5years. One of the causes behind this scenario is the identified sub-population in heterogeneous tumor mass that are purported as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Oral CSCs populations show upregulation of the stem cell related genes Oct-4, Nanog, Nestin, CK19, BMI-1, CD117 (c-kit), CD44 and CD133 with sunken expression of involucrin and CK13. This small proportion of tumor cells can sustain tumor growth, proliferation, invasion and distant metastasis playing a pivotal role in relapse of oral cancer. Unanimous risk factors include prevalent use of cigarette smoking, tobacco chewing with less explored HPV infection play an important role in origin of CSCs. Moreover, highly apoptotic resistant oral CSCs show enhanced protective autophagy for survival. Several studies report them to be more chemo and radiation resistant than non-stem cell population implicating the failure of the present cancer therapy. This resistance associated with normal stem cell protective mechanisms including increased expression of drug efflux pumps, alteration in program cell death, cell cycle, and DNA repair mechanisms. Notably, CSCs appear to play a major role in tumor recurrence and metastatic spread, common causes of the high morbidity and ultimately the death of the majority of patients with oral cancer. In this review we would like to highlight the intricate crosstalk of the cancer initiating/stem cells involved in carcinogenesis and potential hurdle to oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sinha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Durgesh Nandini Das
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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25
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Tong CCL, Kao J, Sikora AG. Recognizing and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancer. Immunol Res 2013; 54:266-74. [PMID: 22454102 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The estimated annual incidence of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer is 39,000 in the United States and 260,000 cases worldwide. Despite significant advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the 5-year survival rate for locally advanced head and neck tumors remains at 50 %. With further intensification of existing treatment limited by the already significant morbidity of multi-modality treatment, there is a clear need for novel therapeutic strategies [1]. Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is highly immunosuppressive, mediated by soluble and cell-associated inhibitory mediators and recruitment of host immunosuppressive cells. Thus, understanding and reversing the specific mechanisms underlying tumor-mediated immunosuppression in HNSCC is an important approach to generating an effective antitumor immune response, either as a component of immune-based therapy or as a complement to conventional treatment approaches. This article outlines significant immune-suppressive mechanisms in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment and potential approaches to enhancing the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C L Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1189, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Vermeer DW, Spanos WC, Vermeer PD, Bruns AM, Lee KM, Lee JH. Radiation-induced loss of cell surface CD47 enhances immune-mediated clearance of human papillomavirus-positive cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:120-9. [PMID: 23292955 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) demands development of novel therapies. Despite presenting at a more advanced stage, HPV(+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have a better prognosis than their HPV(-) counterparts. We have previously demonstrated that clearance of HPV(+) OSCC during treatment with radiation and chemotherapy requires an immune response which is likely responsible for the improved clinical outcomes. To further elucidate the mechanism of immune-mediated clearance, we asked whether radiation therapy induces tumor cell changes that allow the body to recognize and aid in tumor clearance. Here, we describe a radiation-induced change in tumor surface protein expression that is critical for immune-mediated clearance. Radiation therapy decreases surface expression of CD47, a self-marker. CD47 is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and radiation induces a decrease of CD47 in a dose-dependent manner. We show that both in vitro and in vivo tumor cell CD47 protein levels are restored over time after sublethal radiation exposure and that protein levels on adjacent, normal tissues remain unaffected. Furthermore, reduction of tumor cell CD47 increases phagocytosis of these cells by dendritic cells and leads to increased interferon gamma and granzyme production from mixed lymphocytes. Finally, decreasing tumor cell CD47 in combination with standard radiation and chemotherapy results in improved immune-mediated tumor clearance in vivo. These findings help define an important mechanism of radiation-related immune clearance and suggest that decreasing CD47 specifically on tumor cells may be a good therapeutic target for HPV related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
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27
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Wu K, House L, Liu W, Cho WC. Personalized targeted therapy for lung cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11471-11496. [PMID: 23109866 PMCID: PMC3472758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has long been recognized as an extremely heterogeneous disease, since its development is unique in every patient in terms of clinical characterizations, prognosis, response and tolerance to treatment. Personalized medicine refers to the use of markers to predict which patient will most likely benefit from a treatment. In lung cancer, the well-developed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the newly emerging EML4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are important therapeutic targets. This review covers the basic mechanism of EGFR and EML4-ALK activation, the predictive biomarkers, the mechanism of resistance, and the current targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The efficacy of EGFR and ALK targeted therapies will be discussed in this review by summarizing the prospective clinical trials, which were performed in biomarker-based selected patients. In addition, the revolutionary sequencing and systems strategies will also be included in this review since these technologies will provide a comprehensive understanding in the molecular characterization of cancer, allow better stratification of patients for the most appropriate targeted therapies, eventually resulting in a more promising personalized treatment. The relatively low incidence of EGFR and ALK in non-Asian patients and the lack of response in mutant patients limit the application of the therapies targeting EGFR or ALK. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that the sequencing and systems strategies may offer a solution for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (K.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Larry House
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: (K.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; E-Mail:
| | - William C.S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Lionello M, Staffieri A, Marioni G. Potential prognostic and therapeutic role for angiogenesis markers in laryngeal carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:574-82. [PMID: 22497582 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.652308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, fundamental to its growth. The 'angiogenic switch' occurs when pro-angiogenic factors are not balanced by anti-angiogenic factors. A correlation between angiogenic properties and oncological prognosis (for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) too) was first hypothesized in the 1990s. An exhaustive literature review was performed to investigate available data on angiogenesis markers and their biological role and therapeutic potential in LSCC. The prognostic significance of microvascular density in LSCC was investigated with endothelial targets, e.g. CD105, CD34, and CD31. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2, angiogenin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and other biological markers were also studied. Only anti-EGFR therapy has been approved by the USFood and Drug Administration (FDA) for head and neck carcinoma in recent years, while several agents interfering with VEGF and its receptors are being studied. Experimental findings indicate that anti-CD105 monoclonal antibodies efficiently inhibit tumor angiogenesis. There are two main ways to approach the vascular profile of solid malignancies: by inhibiting new vessel formation (anti-angiogenic therapy) or selectively damaging neoplastic vessels (vascular targeting therapy). In advanced LSCC, both these strategies seem promising and warrant further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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29
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:345-9. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328352df9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Lescaille G, Menashi S, Cavelier-Balloy B, Khayati F, Quemener C, Podgorniak MP, Naïmi B, Calvo F, Lebbe C, Mourah S. EMMPRIN/CD147 up-regulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator: implications in oral tumor progression. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:115. [PMID: 22443116 PMCID: PMC3342905 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds An elevated level of EMMPRIN in cancer tissues have been correlated with tumor invasion in numerous cancers including oral cavity and larynx. Although EMMPRIN's effect has been generally attributed to its MMP inducing activity, we have previously demonstrated in breast cancer model that EMMPRIN can also enhance invasion by upregulating uPA. In this study, the role of EMMPRIN in regulating uPA and invasion was investigated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. Methods Precancerous and invasive oral tumoral tissues were used as well as the corresponding cell lines, DOK and SCC-9 respectively. The paracrine regulation of uPA by EMMPRIN was investigated by treating culture cells with EMMPRIN-enriched membrane vesicles. UPA expression was analyzed by qPCR and immunostaining and the consequence on the invasion capacity was studied using modified Boyden chamber assay, in the presence or absence of EMMPRIN blocking antibody, the uPA inhibitor amiloride or the MMP inhibitor marimastat. Results OSCC tumors were shown to express more EMMPRIN and uPA compared to dysplastic lesions. The corresponding cell models, SCC-9 and DOK cells, displayed similar expression pattern. In both cell types EMMPRIN upregulated the expression of uPA as well as that of MMP-2 and MMP-9. EMMPRIN treatment led to a significant increase in cell invasion both in the invasive SCC-9 and in the less invasive dysplastic DOK cells, in an MMP and uPA dependent manner. Conclusions Our results suggest that the upregulation of uPA contributes to EMMPRIN's effect in promoting oral tumor invasion.
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31
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Genden EM, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. Oropharyngeal cancer biology and treatment: insights from messenger RNA sequence analysis and transoral robotic surgery. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:211-2. [PMID: 22386174 PMCID: PMC3497885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Correspondence: Address to Eric M. Genden, MD, FACS, or Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso, PhD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
| | - Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso
- Department of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Correspondence: Address to Eric M. Genden, MD, FACS, or Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso, PhD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029
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Löhler J, Gerstner AOH, Bootz F, Heinritz H, Fryen A, Fryen G, Holstein N, Lingg A, Kleeberg J, Langhoff W, Rösch G, Hanisch A, Schneeberg E, Heinrich D, Walther LE. [Prevalence of abnormal mucosal findings in patients in HNO practices]. HNO 2011; 60:240-8. [PMID: 22037968 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, no secondary prevention program is in place for patients carrying an increased risk for developing head and neck cancer (HNSCC). In terms of successful, long-term curative therapy and increased quality of life, it would be useful to detect such diseases at an early stage. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 370 patients with at least one risk factor such as "smoking", "alcohol", or "reflux disease" and without any symptoms were examined during a 1-year period using standard HNO methods (e. g. endoscopy) for suspicious alterations of the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. RESULTS In 13 (3.5%) of all 370 cases a biopsy was taken for further diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in eight cases, while one further patient was suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS It is simple and safe to examine patients at risk of developing HNSCC by standard HNO methods. The rate of detected carcinomas is much higher than in former investigations, likely because our survey focused only on patients with specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Löhler
- Wissenschaftliches Institut für angewandte HNO-Heilkunde des Deutschen Berufsverbandes der HNO-Ärzte e. V., Maienbeeck 1, 24576, Bad Bramstedt, Deutschland.
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