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Harris E, Bladen CL, Mayhew A, James M, Bettinson K, Moore U, Smith FE, Rufibach L, Cnaan A, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Blamire AM, Bravver E, Carlier PG, Day JW, Díaz-Manera J, Eagle M, Grieben U, Harms M, Jones KJ, Lochmüller H, Mendell JR, Mori-Yoshimura M, Paradas C, Pegoraro E, Pestronk A, Salort-Campana E, Schreiber-Katz O, Semplicini C, Spuler S, Stojkovic T, Straub V, Takeda S, Rocha CT, Walter MC, Bushby K. The Clinical Outcome Study for dysferlinopathy: An international multicenter study. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2016; 2:e89. [PMID: 27602406 PMCID: PMC4994875 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the baseline clinical and functional characteristics of an international cohort of 193 patients with dysferlinopathy. Methods: The Clinical Outcome Study for dysferlinopathy (COS) is an international multicenter study of this disease, evaluating patients with genetically confirmed dysferlinopathy over 3 years. We present a cross-sectional analysis of 193 patients derived from their baseline clinical and functional assessments. Results: There is a high degree of variability in disease onset, pattern of weakness, and rate of progression. No factor, such as mutation class, protein expression, or age at onset, accounted for this variability. Among patients with clinical diagnoses of Miyoshi myopathy or limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, clinical presentation and examination was not strikingly different. Respiratory impairment and cardiac dysfunction were observed in a minority of patients. A substantial delay in diagnosis was previously common but has been steadily reducing, suggesting increasing awareness of dysferlinopathies. Conclusions: These findings highlight crucial issues to be addressed for both optimizing clinical care and planning therapeutic trials in dysferlinopathy. This ongoing longitudinal study will provide an opportunity to further understand patterns and variability in disease progression and form the basis for trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Harris
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Catherine L Bladen
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Meredith James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Karen Bettinson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Fiona E Smith
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Laura Rufibach
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Avital Cnaan
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Elena Bravver
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - John W Day
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Michelle Eagle
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Matthew Harms
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Carmen Paradas
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Alan Pestronk
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Olivia Schreiber-Katz
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Claudio Semplicini
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Simone Spuler
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Shin'ich Takeda
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Carolina Tesi Rocha
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - M C Walter
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (E.H., C.L.B., A.M., M.J., K. Bettinson, U.M., M.E., H.L., V.S., K. Bushby), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Magnetic Resonance Centre (F.E.S., A.M.B.), Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK; Jain Foundation, Inc. (L.R.), Seattle, WA; Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology (A.C.), Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.C.), George Washington University; Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; National Institutes of Health (NINDS) (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute (E.B.), Charlotte; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Stanford University School of Medicine (J.W.D., C.T.R.), CA; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (J.D.-M.), Barcelona, Spain; Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S.S.), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Washington University (M.H., A.P.), St. Louis, MO; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M.), Columbus, OH; Department of Neurology (M.M.-Y., S.T.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (E.P., C.S.), University of Padova, Italy; Neuromuscular and ALS Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone Hospital
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