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Sleijser-Koehorst MLS, Koop MA, Coppieters MW, Lutke Schipholt IJ, Radisic N, Hooijmans CR, Scholten-Peeters GGM. The effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with traumatic peripheral nerve injury: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:104. [PMID: 37138291 PMCID: PMC10155410 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing pre-clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise positively modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic nerve injury. However, meta-analyses on neuroimmune outcomes are currently still lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the pre-clinical literature on the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following peripheral nerve injury. METHODS MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Controlled experimental studies on the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with a traumatically induced peripheral neuropathy were considered. Study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Results were analyzed using random effects models and reported as standardized mean differences. Outcome measures were reported per anatomical location and per class of neuro-immune substance. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 14,590 records. Forty studies were included, reporting 139 comparisons of neuroimmune responses at various anatomical locations. All studies had an unclear risk of bias. Compared to non-exercised animals, meta-analyses showed the following main differences in exercised animals: (1) in the affected nerve, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were lower (p = 0.003), while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p < 0.001) and Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) (p = 0.01) levels were higher; (2) At the dorsal root ganglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/BDNF mRNA levels (p = 0.004) and nerve growth factor (NGF)/NGF mRNA (p < 0.05) levels were lower; (3) in the spinal cord, BDNF levels (p = 0.006) were lower; at the dorsal horn, microglia (p < 0.001) and astrocyte (p = 0.005) marker levels were lower; at the ventral horn, astrocyte marker levels (p < 0.001) were higher, and several outcomes related to synaptic stripping were favorably altered; (4) brainstem 5-HT2A receptor levels were higher (p = 0.001); (5) in muscles, BDNF levels (p < 0.001) were higher and TNF-α levels lower (p < 0.05); (6) no significant differences were found for systemic neuroimmune responses in blood or serum. CONCLUSION This review revealed widespread positive modulatory effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. These changes are in line with a beneficial influence on pro-inflammatory processes and increased anti-inflammatory responses. Given the small sample sizes and the unclear risk of bias of the studies, results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije L S Sleijser-Koehorst
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Meghan A Koop
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ivo J Lutke Schipholt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nemanja Radisic
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care (Meta Research Team), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyne G M Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Arabzadeh E, Reza Rahimi A, Zargani M, Feyz Simorghi Z, Emami S, Sheikhi S, Zaeri Amirani Z, Yousefi P, Sarshin A, Aghaei F, Feizollahi F. Resistance exercise promotes functional test via sciatic nerve regeneration, and muscle atrophy improvement through GAP-43 regulation in animal model of traumatic nerve injuries. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136812. [PMID: 35872241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance training improves muscle strength through a combination of neural plasticity and muscle hypertrophy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance exercise on sciatic nerve regeneration and histology, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expressions, and soleus muscle atrophy following traumatic nerve injuries in Wistar rats. In the present study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy control (HC) as a sham group was exposed to the surgical procedures without any sciatic nerve compression, lesioned control (LC), resistance training (RT,non-lesioned), and lesioned rats+RT (LRT) (n=10 in each). The RT group performed a resistance-training program 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Sciatic functional index (SFI) score, beam score and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score decreased and the hot plate time increased significantly in the LC group compared to the HC (p<0.05) group. However, the LRT group showed a significant increase in the SFI score (p=0.001) and a significant decrease in hot plate time (p=0.0232) compared to the LC group. The LC group also showed neurological morphological damage and muscle atrophy and a decrease in GAP-43 in nerve tissue. In comparison to the LC group, a significant increase in sciatic nerve caliber, diameter, number of muscle fibers, and the expression of GAP-43 (p<0.05) was observed in the LRT group. Doing resistance training even for four weeks seems to affect sciatic nerve lesions and injuries. It can also repair and regenerate nerve tissue by upregulating GAP-43 expression, improving motor behavioral tests, and controlling muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Rahimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zargani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Feyz Simorghi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Emami
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Sahar Sheikhi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zaeri Amirani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Parisa Yousefi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Amir Sarshin
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fariba Aghaei
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Foad Feizollahi
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
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Minegishi Y, Nishimoto J, Uto M, Ozone K, Oka Y, Kokubun T, Murata K, Takemoto H, Kanemura N. Effects of exercise on muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits in rat sciatic nerve crush injury models with different numbers of crushes. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:612-620. [PMID: 35119696 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Motor function recovery is frequently poor after peripheral nerve injury. The effect of different numbers of nerve crushes and exercise on motor function recovery is unknown. We aimed to examine how different numbers of crushes of the rat sciatic nerve affects muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits and the effect of exercise intervention. METHODS Single and multiple sciatic nerve crush models with different numbers of crushes were created in rats. Treadmill exercise was performed at 10 m/min for 60 min, five times a week. Muscle reinnervation and synaptic changes in L4-5 motor neurons were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Behavioral tests were the sciatic functional index (SFI) and the pinprick tests. RESULTS The percentage of soleus muscle reinnervation was not significantly increased by the presence of exercise in single or multiple crushes. Exercise after a single crush increased the contact of motor neurons with VGLUT1-containing structures (Exercised vs. Unexercised, 12.9% vs. 8.7%; P < 0.01), but after multiple crushes, it decreased with or without exercise (8.1% vs. 8.6%). Exercise after a single crush significantly improved SFI values from 14 to 24 days, and exercise after multiple crushes from 21 to 35 days (all P < 0.05). The pinprick test showed no difference in recovery depending on the number of crushes or whether or not exercised. DISCUSSION Different numbers of sciatic nerve crushes affect muscle reinnervation and motor neuron synaptic changes differently, but motor function recovery may improve with exercise regardless of the number of crushes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minegishi
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Nishimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minori Uto
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaichi Ozone
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Oka
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kokubun
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takemoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International Medical and Welfare College, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiko Kanemura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
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