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Sleijser-Koehorst MLS, Koop MA, Coppieters MW, Lutke Schipholt IJ, Radisic N, Hooijmans CR, Scholten-Peeters GGM. The effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with traumatic peripheral nerve injury: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:104. [PMID: 37138291 PMCID: PMC10155410 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing pre-clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise positively modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic nerve injury. However, meta-analyses on neuroimmune outcomes are currently still lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the pre-clinical literature on the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following peripheral nerve injury. METHODS MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Controlled experimental studies on the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with a traumatically induced peripheral neuropathy were considered. Study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Results were analyzed using random effects models and reported as standardized mean differences. Outcome measures were reported per anatomical location and per class of neuro-immune substance. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 14,590 records. Forty studies were included, reporting 139 comparisons of neuroimmune responses at various anatomical locations. All studies had an unclear risk of bias. Compared to non-exercised animals, meta-analyses showed the following main differences in exercised animals: (1) in the affected nerve, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were lower (p = 0.003), while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p < 0.001) and Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) (p = 0.01) levels were higher; (2) At the dorsal root ganglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/BDNF mRNA levels (p = 0.004) and nerve growth factor (NGF)/NGF mRNA (p < 0.05) levels were lower; (3) in the spinal cord, BDNF levels (p = 0.006) were lower; at the dorsal horn, microglia (p < 0.001) and astrocyte (p = 0.005) marker levels were lower; at the ventral horn, astrocyte marker levels (p < 0.001) were higher, and several outcomes related to synaptic stripping were favorably altered; (4) brainstem 5-HT2A receptor levels were higher (p = 0.001); (5) in muscles, BDNF levels (p < 0.001) were higher and TNF-α levels lower (p < 0.05); (6) no significant differences were found for systemic neuroimmune responses in blood or serum. CONCLUSION This review revealed widespread positive modulatory effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. These changes are in line with a beneficial influence on pro-inflammatory processes and increased anti-inflammatory responses. Given the small sample sizes and the unclear risk of bias of the studies, results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije L S Sleijser-Koehorst
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Meghan A Koop
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ivo J Lutke Schipholt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nemanja Radisic
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care (Meta Research Team), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyne G M Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Umene R, Nakamura Y, Wu CH, Muta K, Nishino T, Inoue T. Induction of tetraspanin 13 contributes to the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:187-194. [PMID: 37163939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of peripheral inflammation. Sympathetic nervous activation stimulates inflammatory gene expression and cytokines, whereas parasympathetic nervous activation suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. However, most studies on the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and immune processes have analyzed a single branch of the autonomic nerves in isolation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on macrophages, which are controlled by autonomic regulation. Macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce TNF-α. Then, the effects of β2 adrenergic receptor and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on TNF-α production were assessed using concentration-dependent assays. RNA-seq data were also used to identify genes whose expression was enhanced by parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation. The simultaneous activation of β2 adrenergic receptors and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, simultaneous activation of these receptors had synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and induced Tspan13 expression, thereby contributing to anti-inflammatory mechanisms in macrophages. Our study revealed the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of macrophages. Our results suggest that targeting both sympathetic and parasympathetic signaling is a promising therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Muta
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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