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Szulc DA, Lee XA, Cheng HYM, Cheng HLM. Bright Ferritin-a Reporter Gene Platform for On-Demand, Longitudinal Cell Tracking on MRI. iScience 2020; 23:101350. [PMID: 32707432 PMCID: PMC7381694 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unresolved challenge in cell-based regenerative medicine is the absence of non-invasive technologies for tracking cell fate in deep tissue and with high spatial resolution over an extended interval. MRI is highly suited for this task, but current methods fail to provide longitudinal monitoring or high sensitivity, or both. In this study, we fill this technological gap with the first discovery and demonstration of in vivo cellular production of endogenous bright contrast via an MRI genetic reporter system that forms manganese-ferritin nanoparticles. We demonstrate this technology in human embryonic kidney cells genetically modified to stably overexpress ferritin and show that, in the presence of manganese, these cells produce far greater contrast than conventional ferritin overexpression with iron or manganese-permeable cells. In living mice, diffusely implanted bright-ferritin cells produce the highest and most sustained contrast in skeletal muscle. The bright-ferritin platform has potential for on-demand, longitudinal, and sensitive cell tracking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Szulc
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, RS407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology & Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Xavier A Lee
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology & Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, RS407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology & Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Zhang G, Hilty C. Applications of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization in chemistry and biochemistry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:566-582. [PMID: 29602263 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity of detection is one of the most limiting aspects when applying NMR spectroscopy to current problems in the molecular sciences. A number of hyperpolarization methods exist for increasing the population difference between nuclear spin Zeeman states and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio by orders of magnitude. Among these methods, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) is unique in its capability of providing high spin polarization for many types of molecules in the liquid state. Originally proposed for biomedical applications including in vivo imaging, applications in high resolution NMR spectroscopy are now emerging. These applications are the focus of the present review. Using D-DNP, a small sample aliquot is first hyperpolarized as a frozen solid at low temperature, followed by dissolution into the liquid state. D-DNP extends the capabilities of liquid state NMR spectroscopy towards shorter timescales and enables the study of nonequilibrium processes, such as the kinetics and mechanisms of reactions. It allows the determination of intermolecular interactions, in particular based on spin relaxation parameters. At the same time, a challenge in the application of this hyperpolarization method is that spin polarization is nonrenewable. Substantial effort has been devoted to develop methods for enabling rapid correlation spectroscopy, the measurement of time-dependent signals, and the extension of the observable time window. With these methods, D-DNP has the potential to open new application areas in the chemical and biochemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Mukherjee A, Davis HC, Ramesh P, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG. Biomolecular MRI reporters: Evolution of new mechanisms. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 102-103:32-42. [PMID: 29157492 PMCID: PMC5726449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique for observing the function of specific cells and molecules inside living organisms. However, compared to optical microscopy, in which fluorescent protein reporters are available to visualize hundreds of cellular functions ranging from gene expression and chemical signaling to biomechanics, to date relatively few such reporters are available for MRI. Efforts to develop MRI-detectable biomolecules have mainly focused on proteins transporting paramagnetic metals for T1 and T2 relaxation enhancement or containing large numbers of exchangeable protons for chemical exchange saturation transfer. While these pioneering developments established several key uses of biomolecular MRI, such as imaging of gene expression and functional biosensing, they also revealed that low molecular sensitivity poses a major challenge for broader adoption in biology and medicine. Recently, new classes of biomolecular reporters have been developed based on alternative contrast mechanisms, including enhancement of spin diffusivity, interactions with hyperpolarized nuclei, and modulation of blood flow. These novel reporters promise to improve sensitivity and enable new forms of multiplexed and functional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hunter C Davis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pradeep Ramesh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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5
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Nishihara T, Kameyama Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Hyodo F, Ichikawa K, Sando S. A Strategy to Design Hyperpolarized
13
C Magnetic Resonance Probes Using [1‐
13
C]α‐Amino Acid as a Scaffold Structure. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:949-953. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kameyama
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ichikawa
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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6
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Nishihara T, Yoshihara HAI, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Hyodo F, Ichikawa K, Can E, Bastiaansen JAM, Takado Y, Comment A, Sando S. Direct Monitoring of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity In Vivo Using a Hyperpolarized (13) C-Labeled Molecular Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10626-9. [PMID: 27483206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzyme plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Direct detection of GGT activity could provide critical information for the diagnosis of several pathologies. We propose a new molecular probe, γ-Glu-[1-(13) C]Gly, for monitoring GGT activity in vivo by hyperpolarized (HP) (13) C magnetic resonance (MR). The properties of γ-Glu-[1-(13) C]Gly are suitable for in vivo HP (13) C metabolic analysis since the chemical shift between γ-Glu-[1-(13) C]Gly and its metabolic product, [1-(13) C]Gly, is large (4.3 ppm) and the T1 of both compounds is relatively long (30 s and 45 s, respectively, in H2 O at 9.4 T). We also demonstrate that γ-Glu-[1-(13) C]Gly is highly sensitive to in vivo modulation of GGT activity induced by the inhibitor acivicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ichikawa
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Emine Can
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Brain and Mind Research Team, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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8
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Nishihara T, Yoshihara HAI, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Hyodo F, Ichikawa K, Can E, Bastiaansen JAM, Takado Y, Comment A, Sando S. Direct Monitoring of γ‐Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity In Vivo Using a Hyperpolarized
13
C‐Labeled Molecular Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hikari A. I. Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ichikawa
- Incubation Center for Advanced Medical Science Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation Kyushu University 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Emine Can
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Brain and Mind Research Team National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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Dzien P, Tee S, Kettunen MI, Lyons SK, Larkin TJ, Timm KN, Hu D, Wright A, Rodrigues TB, Serrao EM, Marco‐Rius I, Mannion E, D'Santos P, Kennedy BWC, Brindle KM. (13) C magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements with hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate can be used to detect the expression of transgenic pyruvate decarboxylase activity in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:391-401. [PMID: 26388418 PMCID: PMC5025726 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization can increase the sensitivity of the (13) C magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiment by at least four orders of magnitude and offers a novel approach to the development of MRI gene reporters based on enzymes that metabolize (13) C-labeled tracers. We describe here a gene reporter based on the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. METHODS Pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis (zmPDC) and a mutant that lacked enzyme activity were expressed using an inducible promoter in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Enzyme activity was measured in the cells and in xenografts derived from the cells using (13) C MRS measurements of the conversion of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate to H(13) CO3-. RESULTS Induction of zmPDC expression in the cells and in the xenografts derived from them resulted in an approximately two-fold increase in the H(13) CO3-/[1-(13) C] pyruvate signal ratio following intravenous injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the feasibility of using zmPDC as an in vivo reporter gene for use with hyperpolarized (13) C MRS. Magn Reson Med 76:391-401, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dzien
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | - Sui‐Seng Tee
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
- Present address: A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandNeulaniementieKuopioFinland.
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | | | - Kerstin N. Timm
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - De‐En Hu
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | - Alan Wright
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | - Eva M. Serrao
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | | | - Elizabeth Mannion
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | - Paula D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
| | | | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUK.
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10
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Patrick PS, Rodrigues TB, Kettunen MI, Lyons SK, Neves AA, Brindle KM. Development of Timd2 as a reporter gene for MRI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1697-707. [PMID: 25981669 PMCID: PMC4832381 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of an MRI gene reporter based on the ferritin receptor Timd2 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein 2), using T1- and T2-weighted imaging. METHODS Pellets of cells that had been modified to express the Timd2 transgene, and incubated with either iron-loaded or manganese-loaded ferritin, were imaged using T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Mice were also implanted subcutaneously with Timd2-expressing cells and the resulting xenograft tissue imaged following intravenous injection of ferritin using T2-weighted imaging. RESULTS Timd2-expressing cells, but not control cells, showed a large increase in both R2 and R1 in vitro following incubation with iron-loaded and manganese-loaded ferritin, respectively. Expression of Timd2 had no effect on cell viability or proliferation; however, manganese-loaded ferritin, but not iron-loaded ferritin, was toxic to Timd2-expressing cells. Timd2-expressing xenografts in vivo showed much smaller changes in R2 following injection of iron-loaded ferritin than the same cells incubated in vitro with iron-loaded ferritin. CONCLUSION Timd2 has demonstrated potential as an MRI reporter gene, producing large increases in R2 and R1 with ferritin and manganese-loaded ferritin respectively in vitro, although more modest changes in R2 in vivo. Manganese-loaded apoferritin was not used in vivo due to the toxicity observed in vitro. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stephen Patrick
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - André A. Neves
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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11
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Patrick PS, Kettunen MI, Tee SS, Rodrigues TB, Serrao E, Timm KN, McGuire S, Brindle KM. Detection of transgene expression using hyperpolarized 13C urea and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2015; 73:1401-6. [PMID: 24733406 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of a gene reporter system, based on a urea transporter (UTB) and hyperpolarized [(13) C]urea. METHODS Mice were implanted subcutaneously with either unmodified control cells or otherwise identical cells expressing UTB. After injection of hyperpolarized [(13) C]urea, a spin echo sequence was used to measure urea concentration, T1 , and diffusion in control and UTB-expressing tissue. RESULTS The apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized urea was 21% lower in tissue expressing UTB, in comparison with control tissue (P < 0.05, 1-tailed t-test, n = 6 in each group). No difference in water apparent diffusion coefficient or cellularity between these tissues was found, indicating that they were otherwise similar in composition. CONCLUSION Expression of UTB, by mediating cell uptake of urea, lowers the apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized (13) C urea in tissue and thus the transporter has the potential to be used as a magnetic resonance-based gene reporter in vivo. Magn Reson Med 73:1401-1406, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Srivastava AK, Kadayakkara DK, Bar-Shir A, Gilad AA, McMahon MT, Bulte JWM. Advances in using MRI probes and sensors for in vivo cell tracking as applied to regenerative medicine. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:323-36. [PMID: 26035841 PMCID: PMC4381332 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of molecular and cellular imaging allows molecules and cells to be visualized in vivo non-invasively. It has uses not only as a research tool but in clinical settings as well, for example in monitoring cell-based regenerative therapies, in which cells are transplanted to replace degenerating or damaged tissues, or to restore a physiological function. The success of such cell-based therapies depends on several critical issues, including the route and accuracy of cell transplantation, the fate of cells after transplantation, and the interaction of engrafted cells with the host microenvironment. To assess these issues, it is necessary to monitor transplanted cells non-invasively in real-time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a tool uniquely suited to this task, given its ability to image deep inside tissue with high temporal resolution and sensitivity. Extraordinary efforts have recently been made to improve cellular MRI as applied to regenerative medicine, by developing more advanced contrast agents for use as probes and sensors. These advances enable the non-invasive monitoring of cell fate and, more recently, that of the different cellular functions of living cells, such as their enzymatic activity and gene expression, as well as their time point of cell death. We present here a review of recent advancements in the development of these probes and sensors, and of their functioning, applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deepak K Kadayakkara
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Lerche MH, Jensen PR, Karlsson M, Meier S. NMR insights into the inner workings of living cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:119-32. [PMID: 25084065 DOI: 10.1021/ac501467x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde H Lerche
- Albeda Research , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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Chen AP, Lau JYC, Alvares RDA, Cunningham CH. Using [1-(13) C]lactic acid for hyperpolarized (13) C MR cardiac studies. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:2087-93. [PMID: 25046652 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate in solution may be a clinically relevant and safe substrate for real time MR investigations of key metabolic pathways. The potential of using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate for magnetic resonance studies of cardiac metabolism in vivo was explored. METHODS Neat [1-(13) C]lactic acid was hyperpolarized using the dynamic nuclear polarization process. Cardiac MR spectroscopy experiments were performed in vivo using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate and [1-(13) C]pyruvate in solutions. RESULTS A high degree of polarization was achieved for [1-(13) C]lactate in solution (16.7%). (13) C-bicarbonate was observed in rat hearts in vivo after either hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate or hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate was infused, but lower (13) C-bicarbonate to substrate ratio was observed with hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate infusions. The response of (13) C-bicarbonate signal as a function of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate doses was also investigated and a saturation of (13) C-bicarbonate signal was observed at the highest dose of [1-(13) C]lactate used (0.69 mmol/kg). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the use of neat [1-(13) C]lactic acid as the DNP sample is a potential alternative to [1-(13) C]pyruvic acid for cardiac hyperpolarized (13) C MR studies. Hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]lactate may enable noninvasive assessment of cardiac PDH flux in cardiac patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Y C Lau
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rohan D A Alvares
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Hyperpolarized NMR probes for biological assays. SENSORS 2014; 14:1576-97. [PMID: 24441771 PMCID: PMC3926627 DOI: 10.3390/s140101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the development of nuclear spin polarization enhanced (hyperpolarized) molecular probes has opened up new opportunities for studying the inner workings of living cells in real time. The hyperpolarized probes are produced ex situ, introduced into biological systems and detected with high sensitivity and contrast against background signals using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. A variety of natural, derivatized and designed hyperpolarized probes has emerged for diverse biological studies including assays of intracellular reaction progression, pathway kinetics, probe uptake and export, pH, redox state, reactive oxygen species, ion concentrations, drug efficacy or oncogenic signaling. These probes are readily used directly under natural conditions in biofluids and are often directly developed and optimized for cellular assays, thus leaving little doubt about their specificity and utility under biologically relevant conditions. Hyperpolarized molecular probes for biological NMR spectroscopy enable the unbiased detection of complex processes by virtue of the high spectral resolution, structural specificity and quantifiability of NMR signals. Here, we provide a survey of strategies used for the selection, design and use of hyperpolarized NMR probes in biological assays, and describe current limitations and developments.
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Keshari KR, Wilson DM. Chemistry and biochemistry of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1627-59. [PMID: 24363044 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of transient chemical phenomena by conventional NMR has proved elusive, particularly for non-(1)H nuclei. For (13)C, hyperpolarization using the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique has emerged as a powerful means to improve SNR. The recent development of rapid dissolution DNP methods has facilitated previously impossible in vitro and in vivo study of small molecules. This review presents the basics of the DNP technique, identification of appropriate DNP substrates, and approaches to increase hyperpolarized signal lifetimes. Also addressed are the biochemical events to which DNP-NMR has been applied, with descriptions of several probes that have met with in vivo success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Spin hyperpolarization in NMR to address enzymatic processes in vivo. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Lyons SK, Patrick PS, Brindle KM. Imaging mouse cancer models in vivo using reporter transgenes. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2013; 2013:685-99. [PMID: 23906907 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mouse models of cancer with reporter transgenes has become a relatively common experimental approach in the laboratory, which allows noninvasive and longitudinal investigation of diverse aspects of tumor biology in vivo. Our goal here is to outline briefly the principles of the relevant imaging modalities, emphasizing particularly their strengths and weaknesses and what the researcher can expect in a practical sense from each of these techniques. Furthermore, we discuss how relatively subtle modifications in the way reporter transgene expression is regulated in the cell underpin the ability of reporter transgenes as a whole to provide readouts on such varied aspects of tumor biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Lyons
- Department of Molecular Imaging, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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Airan RD, Li N, Gilad AA, Pelled G. Genetic tools to manipulate MRI contrast. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:803-809. [PMID: 23355411 PMCID: PMC3669659 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology in the early 1970s revolutionized research strategies for the study of complex biological processes, which, in turn, created a high demand for new means to visualize these dynamic biological changes noninvasively and in real time. In this respect, MRI was a perfect fit, because of the versatile possibility to alter the different contrast mechanisms. Genetic manipulations are now being translated to MRI through the development of reporters and sensors, as well as the imaging of transgenic and knockout mice. In the past few years, a new molecular biology toolset, namely optogenetics, has emerged, which allows for the manipulation of cellular behavior using light. This technology provides a few particularly attractive features for combination with newly developed MRI techniques for the probing of in vivo cellular and, in particular, neural processes, specifically the ability to control focal, genetically defined cellular populations with high temporal resolution using equipment that is magnetically inert and does not interact with radiofrequency pulses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of optogenetics and functional MRI (fMRI) can provide an appropriate platform to investigate in vivo, at the cellular and molecular levels, the neuronal basis of fMRI signals. In addition, this novel combination of optogenetics with fMRI has the potential to resolve pre-synaptic versus post-synaptic changes in neuronal activity and changes in the activity of large neuronal networks in the context of plasticity associated with development, learning and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raag D. Airan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hurd RE, Yen YF, Chen A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 36:1314-28. [PMID: 23165733 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the basic physics of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dissolution-DNP), and the impact of the resulting highly nonequilibrium spin states, on the physics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection. The hardware requirements for clinical translation of this technology are also presented. For studies that allow the use of externally administered agents, hyperpolarization offers a way to overcome normal magnetic resonance sensitivity limitations, at least for a brief T(1)-dependent observation window. A 10,000-100,000-fold signal-to-noise advantage provides an avenue for real-time measurement of perfusion, metabolite transport, exchange, and metabolism. The principles behind these measurements, as well as the choice of agent, and progress toward the application of hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic imaging in oncology, cardiology, and neurology are reviewed.
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Chen AP, Chu W, Gu YP, Cunningham CH. Probing early tumor response to radiation therapy using hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate in MDA-MB-231 xenografts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56551. [PMID: 23424666 PMCID: PMC3570408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Following radiation therapy (RT), tumor morphology may remain unchanged for days and sometimes weeks, rendering anatomical imaging methods inadequate for early detection of therapeutic response. Changes in the hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]lactate signals observed in vivo following injection of pre-polarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate has recently been shown to be a marker for tumor progression or early treatment response. In this study, the feasibility of using ¹³C metabolic imaging with [1-¹³C]pyruvate to detect early radiation treatment response in a breast cancer xenograft model was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Significant decreases in hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]lactate relative to [1-¹³C]pyruvate were observed in MDA-MB-231 tumors 96 hrs following a single dose of ionizing radiation. Histopathologic data from the treated tumors showed higher cellular apoptosis and senescence; and changes in the expression of membrane monocarboxylate transporters and lactate dehydrogenase B were also observed. Hyperpolarized ¹³C metabolic imaging may be a promising new tool to develop novel and adaptive therapeutic regimens for patients undergoing RT.
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Doura T, Hata R, Nonaka H, Ichikawa K, Sando S. Design of a13C Magnetic Resonance Probe Using a Deuterated Methoxy Group as a Long-Lived Hyperpolarization Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Doura T, Hata R, Nonaka H, Ichikawa K, Sando S. Design of a 13C magnetic resonance probe using a deuterated methoxy group as a long-lived hyperpolarization unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10114-7. [PMID: 22961955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Doura
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Goldhawk DE, Rohani R, Sengupta A, Gelman N, Prato FS. Using the magnetosome to model effective gene-based contrast for magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:378-88. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Nishihara T, Nonaka H, Naganuma T, Ichikawa K, Sando S. Mouse lactate dehydrogenase X: A promising magnetic resonance reporter protein using hyperpolarized pyruvic acid derivative Y. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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