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Hatami M, Özbek A, Deán‐Ben XL, Gutierrez J, Schill A, Razansky D, Larin KV. Noninvasive Tracking of Embryonic Cardiac Dynamics and Development with Volumetric Optoacoustic Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400089. [PMID: 38526147 PMCID: PMC11165471 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac development can potentially prevent cardiac anomalies in adulthood. Mouse models provide unique opportunities to study cardiac development and disease in mammals. However, high-resolution noninvasive functional analyses of murine embryonic cardiac models are challenging because of the small size and fast volumetric motion of the embryonic heart, which is deeply embedded inside the uterus. In this study, a real time volumetric optoacoustic spectroscopy (VOS) platform for whole-heart visualization with high spatial (100 µm) and temporal (10 ms) resolutions is developed. Embryonic heart development on gestational days (GDs) 14.5-17.5 and quantify cardiac dynamics using time-lapse-4D image data of the heart is followed. Additionally, spectroscopic recordings enable the quantification of the blood oxygenation status in heart chambers in a label-free and noninvasive manner. This technology introduces new possibilities for high-resolution quantification of embryonic heart function at different gestational stages in mammalian models, offering an invaluable noninvasive method for developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatami
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Ali Özbek
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán‐Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Jessica Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Alexander Schill
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
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2
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Sukumaran V, Mutlu O, Murtaza M, Alhalbouni R, Dubansky B, Yalcin HC. Experimental assessment of cardiovascular physiology in the chick embryo. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1247-1268. [PMID: 37002896 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High resolution assessment of cardiac functional parameters is crucial in translational animal research. The chick embryo is a historically well-used in vivo model for cardiovascular research due to its many practical advantages, and the conserved form and function of the chick and human cardiogenesis programs. This review aims to provide an overview of several different technical approaches for chick embryo cardiac assessment. Doppler echocardiography, optical coherence tomography, micromagnetic resonance imaging, microparticle image velocimetry, real-time pressure monitoring, and associated issues with the techniques will be discussed. Alongside this discussion, we also highlight recent advances in cardiac function measurements in chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Mutlu
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Office of Research and Economic Development, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Aristizábal O, Qiu Z, Gallego E, Aristizábal M, Mamou J, Wang Y, Ketterling JA, Turnbull DH. Longitudinal in Utero Analysis of Engrailed-1 Knockout Mouse Embryonic Phenotypes Using High-Frequency Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:356-367. [PMID: 36283941 PMCID: PMC9712241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale international efforts to generate and analyze loss-of-function mutations in each of the approximately 20,000 protein-encoding gene mutations are ongoing using the "knockout" mouse as a model organism. Because one-third of gene knockouts are expected to result in embryonic lethality, it is important to develop non-invasive in utero imaging methods to detect and monitor mutant phenotypes in mouse embryos. We describe the utility of 3-D high-frequency (40-MHz) ultrasound (HFU) for longitudinal in utero imaging of mouse embryos between embryonic days (E) 11.5 and E14.5, which represent critical stages of brain and organ development. Engrailed-1 knockout (En1-ko) mouse embryos and their normal control littermates were imaged with HFU in 3-D, enabling visualization of morphological phenotypes in the developing brains, limbs and heads of the En1-ko embryos. Recently developed deep learning approaches were used to automatically segment the embryonic brain ventricles and bodies from the 3-D HFU images, allowing quantitative volumetric analyses of the En1-ko brain phenotypes. Taken together, these results show great promise for the application of longitudinal 3-D HFU to analyze knockout mouse embryos in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Aristizábal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziming Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estefania Gallego
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matias Aristizábal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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Handschuh S, Glösmann M. Mouse embryo phenotyping using X-ray microCT. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949184. [PMID: 36187491 PMCID: PMC9523164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic X-ray computed tomography (microCT) is a structural ex vivo imaging technique providing genuine isotropic 3D images from biological samples at micron resolution. MicroCT imaging is non-destructive and combines well with other modalities such as light and electron microscopy in correlative imaging workflows. Protocols for staining embryos with X-ray dense contrast agents enable the acquisition of high-contrast and high-resolution datasets of whole embryos and specific organ systems. High sample throughput is achieved with dedicated setups. Consequently, microCT has gained enormous importance for both qualitative and quantitative phenotyping of mouse development. We here summarize state-of-the-art protocols of sample preparation and imaging procedures, showcase contemporary applications, and discuss possible pitfalls and sources for artefacts. In addition, we give an outlook on phenotyping workflows using microscopic dual energy CT (microDECT) and tissue-specific contrast agents.
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Scully DM, Larina IV. Mouse embryo phenotyping with optical coherence tomography. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000237. [PMID: 36158219 PMCID: PMC9500480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the explosion of gene editing tools in recent years, there has been a much greater demand for mouse embryo phenotyping, and traditional methods such as histology and histochemistry experienced a methodological renaissance as they became the principal tools for phenotyping. However, it is important to explore alternative phenotyping options to maximize time and resources and implement volumetric structural analysis for enhanced investigation of phenotypes. Cardiovascular phenotyping, in particular, is important to perform in vivo due to the dramatic structural and functional changes that occur in heart development over relatively short periods of time. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most exciting advanced imaging techniques emerging within the field of developmental biology, and this review provides a summary of how it is currently being implemented in mouse embryo investigations and phenotyping. This review aims to provide an understanding of the approaches used in optical coherence tomography and how they can be applied in embryology and developmental biology, with the overall aim of bridging the gap between biology and technology.
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A diffusion MRI-based spatiotemporal continuum of the embryonic mouse brain for probing gene-neuroanatomy connections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111869119. [PMID: 35165149 PMCID: PMC8851557 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111869119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We established an ultra high-resolution diffusion MRI atlas of the embryonic mouse brains from E10.5 to E15.5, which characterizes the continuous changes of brain morphology and microstructures at mesoscopic scale. By integrating gene-expression data into the spatiotemporal continuum, we can navigate the evolving landscape of gene expression and neuroanatomy across both spatial and temporal dimensions to visualize their interactions in normal and abnormal embryonic brain development. We also identified regional clusters with distinct developmental trajectories and identified gene-expression profiles that matched to these regional domains. The diffusion MRI–based continuum of the embryonic brain and the computational techniques presented in this study offer a valuable tool for systematic study of the genetic control of brain development. The embryonic mouse brain undergoes drastic changes in establishing basic anatomical compartments and laying out major axonal connections of the developing brain. Correlating anatomical changes with gene-expression patterns is an essential step toward understanding the mechanisms regulating brain development. Traditionally, this is done in a cross-sectional manner, but the dynamic nature of development calls for probing gene–neuroanatomy interactions in a combined spatiotemporal domain. Here, we present a four-dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal continuum of the embryonic mouse brain from E10.5 to E15.5 reconstructed from diffusion magnetic resonance microscopy (dMRM) data. This study achieved unprecedented high-definition dMRM at 30- to 35-µm isotropic resolution, and together with computational neuroanatomy techniques, we revealed both morphological and microscopic changes in the developing brain. We transformed selected gene-expression data to this continuum and correlated them with the dMRM-based neuroanatomical changes in embryonic brains. Within the continuum, we identified distinct developmental modes comprising regional clusters that shared developmental trajectories and similar gene-expression profiles. Our results demonstrate how this 4D continuum can be used to examine spatiotemporal gene–neuroanatomical interactions by connecting upstream genetic events with anatomical changes that emerge later in development. This approach would be useful for large-scale analysis of the cooperative roles of key genes in shaping the developing brain.
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Wendling O, Hentsch D, Jacobs H, Lemercier N, Taubert S, Pertuy F, Vonesch JL, Sorg T, Di Michele M, Le Cam L, Rosahl T, Carballo-Jane E, Liu M, Mu J, Mark M, Herault Y. High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy for Qualitative and Quantitative Data in Phenotyping Altered Embryos and Adult Mice Using the New "Histo3D" System. Biomedicines 2021; 9:767. [PMID: 34356832 PMCID: PMC8301480 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
3D imaging in animal models, during development or in adults, facilitates the identification of structural morphological changes that cannot be achieved with traditional 2D histological staining. Through the reconstruction of whole embryos or a region-of-interest, specific changes are better delimited and can be easily quantified. We focused here on high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM), and its potential for visualizing and quantifying the organ systems of normal and genetically altered embryos and adult organisms. Although the technique is based on episcopic images, these are of high resolution and are close to histological quality. The images reflect the tissue structure and densities revealed by histology, albeit in a grayscale color map. HREM technology permits researchers to take advantage of serial 2D aligned stacks of images to perform 3D reconstructions. Three-dimensional visualization allows for an appreciation of topology and morphology that is difficult to achieve with classical histological studies. The nature of the data lends itself to novel forms of computational analysis that permit the accurate quantitation and comparison of individual embryos in a manner that is impossible with histology. Here, we have developed a new HREM prototype consisting of the assembly of a Leica Biosystems Nanocut rotary microtome with optics and a camera. We describe some examples of applications in the prenatal and adult lifestage of the mouse to show the added value of HREM for phenotyping experimental cohorts to compare and quantify structure volumes. At prenatal stages, segmentations and 3D reconstructions allowed the quantification of neural tissue and ventricular system volumes of normal brains at E14.5 and E16.5 stages. 3D representations of normal cranial and peripheric nerves at E15.5 and of the normal urogenital system from stages E11.5 to E14.5 were also performed. We also present a methodology to quantify the volume of the atherosclerotic plaques of ApoEtm1Unc/tm1Unc mutant mice and illustrate a 3D reconstruction of knee ligaments in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wendling
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (O.W.); (H.J.); (F.P.); (T.S.); (M.M.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (D.H.); (S.T.); (J.-L.V.)
| | - Didier Hentsch
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (D.H.); (S.T.); (J.-L.V.)
| | - Hugues Jacobs
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (O.W.); (H.J.); (F.P.); (T.S.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Serge Taubert
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (D.H.); (S.T.); (J.-L.V.)
| | - Fabien Pertuy
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (O.W.); (H.J.); (F.P.); (T.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jean-Luc Vonesch
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (D.H.); (S.T.); (J.-L.V.)
| | - Tania Sorg
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (O.W.); (H.J.); (F.P.); (T.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michela Di Michele
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.D.M.); (L.L.C.)
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.D.M.); (L.L.C.)
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Rosahl
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (T.R.); (E.C.-J.); (M.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Ester Carballo-Jane
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (T.R.); (E.C.-J.); (M.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Mindy Liu
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (T.R.); (E.C.-J.); (M.L.); (J.M.)
| | - James Mu
- Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (T.R.); (E.C.-J.); (M.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Manuel Mark
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (O.W.); (H.J.); (F.P.); (T.S.); (M.M.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (D.H.); (S.T.); (J.-L.V.)
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Herault
- CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (O.W.); (H.J.); (F.P.); (T.S.); (M.M.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (D.H.); (S.T.); (J.-L.V.)
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Lopez AL, Wang S, Larina IV. Embryonic Mouse Cardiodynamic OCT Imaging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:E42. [PMID: 33020375 PMCID: PMC7712379 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic heart is an active and developing organ. Genetic studies in mouse models have generated great insight into normal heart development and congenital heart defects, and suggest mechanical forces such as heart contraction and blood flow to be implicated in cardiogenesis and disease. To explore this relationship and investigate the interplay between biomechanical forces and cardiac development, live dynamic cardiac imaging is essential. Cardiodynamic imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is proving to be a unique approach to functional analysis of the embryonic mouse heart. Its compatibility with live culture systems, reagent-free contrast, cellular level resolution, and millimeter scale imaging depth make it capable of imaging the heart volumetrically and providing spatially resolved information on heart wall dynamics and blood flow. Here, we review the progress made in mouse embryonic cardiodynamic imaging with OCT, highlighting leaps in technology to overcome limitations in resolution and acquisition speed. We describe state-of-the-art functional OCT methods such as Doppler OCT and OCT angiography for blood flow imaging and quantification in the beating heart. As OCT is a continuously developing technology, we provide insight into the future developments of this area, toward the investigation of normal cardiogenesis and congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Berkowitz BA, Romero R, Podolsky RH, Lins-Childers KM, Shen Y, Rosales T, Wadghiri YZ, Hoang DM, Arenas-Hernandez M, Garcia-Flores V, Schwenkel G, Panaitescu B, Gomez-Lopez N. QUEST MRI assessment of fetal brain oxidative stress in utero. Neuroimage 2019; 200:601-606. [PMID: 31158477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve sufficient precision of R1 (=1/T1) maps of the fetal brain in utero to perform QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI in which a significant anti-oxidant-induced reduction in R1 indicates oxidative stress. METHODS C57BL/6 mouse fetuses in utero were gently and non-surgically isolated and secured using a homemade 3D printed clip. Using a commercial receive-only surface coil, brain maps of R1, an index sensitive to excessive and continuous free radical production, were collected using either a conventional Cartesian or a non-Cartesian (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) progressive saturation sequence. Data were normalized to the shortest TR time to remove bias. To assess oxidative stress, brain R1 maps were acquired on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of preterm birth ± rosiglitazone (ROSI, which has anti-oxidant properties); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls ± ROSI were similarly studied. RESULTS Sufficient quality R1 maps were generated by a combination of the 3D printed clip, surface coil detection, non-Cartesian sequence, and normalization scheme ensuring minimal fetal movement, good detection sensitivity, reduced motion artifacts, and minimal baseline variations, respectively. In the LPS group, the combined caudate-putamen and thalamus region R1 was reduced (p < 0.05) with ROSI treatment consistent with brain oxidative stress; no evidence for oxidative stress was found in the pons region. In the PBS control group, brain R1's did not change with ROSI treatment. CONCLUSION The sensitivity and reproducibility of the combined approaches described herein enabled first-time demonstration of regional oxidative stress measurements of the fetal brain in utero using QUEST MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, 48073, USA
| | | | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Tilman Rosales
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Youssef Zaim Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - D Minh Hoang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - George Schwenkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
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Remus CC, Solano E, Ernst T, Thieme R, Hecher K, Adam G, Arck P. Comparative analysis of high field MRI and histology for ex vivo whole organ imaging: assessment of placental functional morphology in a murine model. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:197-204. [PMID: 30341647 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to evaluate MRI as a tool to examine placental morphology in a murine model in comparison to classical histology techniques. METHODS Assessment of placental samples (n = 24) from C57Bl/6 J mice was performed using MR imaging and histomorphological analyses. To optimize image contrast for MRI, a protocol for gadolinium-mediated enhancement of placental tissue was established. To test method sensitivity, placental zone assessment with MRI and histology was applied to a model of prenatal stress exposure known to affect placental morphology (n = 10). Mean data acquisition time for both methods was estimated. Difference between groups was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Tissue fixation with formaldehyde and staining with gadolinium resulted in the best image quality. Placental functional zones were identified and measured with both MRI and histology. MRI and histology were able to detect changes in the L/Jz ratio upon a prenatal stress challenge (p = 0.001; p = 0.003). Data acquisition time was shorter using MRI assessment. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo MRI analyses of murine placental functional morphology with MRI are feasible and results are comparable to time-consuming histology. Both MRI and histology allow the detection of experimentally induced morphological tissue alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chressen Catharina Remus
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Centre for Radiology and Endoscopy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Centre for Radiology and Endoscopy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rene Thieme
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Centre for Radiology and Endoscopy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Cole JM, Symes DR, Lopes NC, Wood JC, Poder K, Alatabi S, Botchway SW, Foster PS, Gratton S, Johnson S, Kamperidis C, Kononenko O, De Lazzari M, Palmer CAJ, Rusby D, Sanderson J, Sandholzer M, Sarri G, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Teboul L, Thompson JM, Warwick JR, Westerberg H, Hill MA, Norris DP, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z. High-resolution μCT of a mouse embryo using a compact laser-driven X-ray betatron source. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6335-6340. [PMID: 29871946 PMCID: PMC6016801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802314115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) there is a growing need to reduce acquisition times at high spatial resolution (approximate micrometers) to facilitate in vivo and high-throughput operations. The state of the art represented by synchrotron light sources is not practical for certain applications, and therefore the development of high-brightness laboratory-scale sources is crucial. We present here imaging of a fixed embryonic mouse sample using a compact laser-plasma-based X-ray light source and compare the results to images obtained using a commercial X-ray μCT scanner. The radiation is generated by the betatron motion of electrons inside a dilute and transient plasma, which circumvents the flux limitations imposed by the solid or liquid anodes used in conventional electron-impact X-ray tubes. This X-ray source is pulsed (duration <30 fs), bright (>1010 photons per pulse), small (diameter <1 μm), and has a critical energy >15 keV. Stable X-ray performance enabled tomographic imaging of equivalent quality to that of the μCT scanner, an important confirmation of the suitability of the laser-driven source for applications. The X-ray flux achievable with this approach scales with the laser repetition rate without compromising the source size, which will allow the recording of high-resolution μCT scans in minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom;
| | - Nelson C Lopes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Group of Lasers and Plasmas (GoLP)/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Jonathan C Wood
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kristjan Poder
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saleh Alatabi
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Peta S Foster
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gratton
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Johnson
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Kamperidis
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS), ELI-HU Non-profit Ltd., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Olena Kononenko
- Linear Accelerator Technologies, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael De Lazzari
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council (CRUK/MRC) Oxford Institute for Radiation Research, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A J Palmer
- Linear Accelerator Technologies, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dean Rusby
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell Institute, Harwell OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sandholzer
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell Institute, Harwell OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Sarri
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - James M Thompson
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council (CRUK/MRC) Oxford Institute for Radiation Research, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Warwick
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Westerberg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell Institute, Harwell OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Hill
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council (CRUK/MRC) Oxford Institute for Radiation Research, Gray Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P Norris
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell Institute, Harwell OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zulfikar Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models are used extensively as models of human development and developmental diseases. Conventional histological approaches are static and two-dimensional, and do not provide a full understanding of the dynamic, spatiotemporal changes in developing mouse embryos. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a noninvasive and longitudinal approach for three-dimensional in utero imaging of normal and mutant mouse embryos. In this chapter, we describe MRI approaches that have been developed for imaging the living embryonic mouse brain and vasculature. Details are provided on the animal preparation and setup, MRI equipment, acquisition and reconstruction methods that have been found to be most useful for in utero MRI, including examples of applications to fetal mouse neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Singh M, Raghunathan R, Piazza V, Davis-Loiacono AM, Cable A, Vedakkan TJ, Janecek T, Frazier MV, Nair A, Wu C, Larina IV, Dickinson ME, Larin KV. Applicability, usability, and limitations of murine embryonic imaging with optical coherence tomography and optical projection tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2295-310. [PMID: 27375945 PMCID: PMC4918583 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present an analysis of imaging murine embryos at various embryonic developmental stages (embryonic day 9.5, 11.5, and 13.5) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical projection tomography (OPT). We demonstrate that while OCT was capable of rapid high-resolution live 3D imaging, its limited penetration depth prevented visualization of deeper structures, particularly in later stage embryos. In contrast, OPT was able to image the whole embryos, but could not be used in vivo because the embryos must be fixed and cleared. Moreover, the fixation process significantly altered the embryo morphology, which was quantified by the volume of the eye-globes before and after fixation. All of these factors should be weighed when determining which imaging modality one should use to achieve particular goals of a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Victor Piazza
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77584, USA
| | | | - Alex Cable
- Thorlabs, Inc., 56 Sparta Ave., Newton, 07860, USA
| | - Tegy J. Vedakkan
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77584, USA
| | - Trevor Janecek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Michael V. Frazier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Achuth Nair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77584, USA
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77584, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77584, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Samara National Research University, Samara, 34 Moskovskoye sh., 443086, Russia
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14
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Wu D, Zhang J. Recent Progress in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Embryonic and Neonatal Mouse Brain. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:18. [PMID: 26973471 PMCID: PMC4776397 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The laboratory mouse has been widely used as a model system to investigate the genetic control mechanisms of mammalian brain development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool to characterize changes in brain anatomy in mutant mouse strains and injury progression in mouse models of fetal and neonatal brain injury. Progress in the last decade has enabled us to acquire MRI data with increasing anatomical details from the embryonic and neonatal mouse brain. High-resolution ex vivo MRI, especially with advanced diffusion MRI methods, can visualize complex microstructural organizations in the developing mouse brain. In vivo MRI of the embryonic mouse brain, which is critical for tracking anatomical changes longitudinally, has become available. Applications of these techniques may lead to further insights into the complex and dynamic processes of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA; Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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15
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Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and brief overviews of other imaging modalities. We also briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K L Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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16
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Kuo JW, Mamou J, Aristizábal O, Zhao X, Ketterling JA, Wang Y. Nested Graph Cut for Automatic Segmentation of High-Frequency Ultrasound Images of the Mouse Embryo. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:427-441. [PMID: 26357396 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2477395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a fully automatic segmentation method called nested graph cut to segment images (2D or 3D) that contain multiple objects with a nested structure. Compared to other graph-cut-based methods developed for multiple regions, our method can work well for nested objects without requiring manual selection of initial seeds, even if different objects have similar intensity distributions and some object boundaries are missing. Promising results were obtained for separating the brain ventricles, the head, and the uterus region in the mouse-embryo head images obtained using high-frequency ultrasound imaging. The proposed method achieved mean Dice similarity coefficients of 0.87 ±0.04 and 0.89 ±0.06 for segmenting BVs and the head, respectively, compared to manual segmentation results by experts on 40 3D images over five gestation stages.
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17
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Solis-Najera SE, Martin R, Vazquez F, Rodriguez AO. Surface coil with reduced specific absorption rate for rat MRI at 7 T. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 28:599-608. [PMID: 26449714 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-015-0501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A scaled-down slotted surface radio frequency (RF) coil was built, and the specific absorbance rate (SAR) in 100 mg of tissue (SAR100 mg) produced in a rat brain phantom was computed at 7 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS A slotted coil 2-cm in diameter with six circular slots was developed. Its theoretical and experimental performance was computed and compared using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expression and phantom images obtained with a spin echo sequence. Electromagnetic simulations were performed using the finite integral method with saline sphere and rat brain phantoms. SAR100 mg was computed for the circular coil, by varying its radius, and was also computed for the slotted coil. RESULTS The slotted coil quality factor gave a twofold increment over the circular coil, and noise was reduced by 17%. The experimental SNR of the slotted coil produced a 30% improvement for points near the coil plane. The theoretical and experimental results showed substantial agreement. Axial map histograms and profiles showed greater SAR100 mg values for the circular coil than for the slotted coil. CONCLUSIONS The slotted surface coil offers improved performance and low SAR100 mg for rat brain imaging at 7 T. This approach may be used with new RF coils to investigate SAR in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Solis-Najera
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Martin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Fabian Vazquez
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alfredo O Rodriguez
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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18
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Zhou Z, Chen Z, Shan J, Ma W, Li L, Zu J, Xu J. Monitoring brain development of chick embryos in vivo using 3.0 T MRI: subdivision volume change and preliminary structural quantification using DTI. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26208519 PMCID: PMC4513430 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has many advantages in the research of in vivo embryonic brain development, specifically its noninvasive aspects and ability to avoid skeletal interference. However, few studies have focused on brain development in chick, which is a traditional animal model in developmental biology. We aimed to serially monitor chick embryo brain development in vivo using 3.0 T MRI. Methods Ten fertile Hy-line white eggs were incubated and seven chick embryo brains were monitored in vivo and analyzed serially from 5 to 20 days during incubation using 3.0 T MRI. A fast positioning sequence was pre-scanned to obtain sagittal and coronal brain planes corresponding to the established atlas. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) was performed for volume estimation of the whole brain and subdivision (telencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem, and lateral ventricle [LV]); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to reflect the evolution of neural bundle structures. Results The chick embryos’ whole brain and subdivision grew non-linearly over time; the DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) value within the telencephalon increased non-linearly as well. All seven scanned eggs hatched successfully. Conclusions MRI avoids embryonic sacrifice in a way that allows serial monitoring of longitudinal developmental processes of a single embryo. Feasibility for analyzing subdivision of the brain during development, and adding structural information related to neural bundles, makes MRI a powerful tool for exploring brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zien Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zengai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiehui Shan
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinyan Zu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Deans AE, Wadghiri YZ, Aristizábal O, Turnbull DH. 3D mapping of neuronal migration in the embryonic mouse brain with magnetic resonance microimaging. Neuroimage 2015; 114:303-10. [PMID: 25869862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature of the developing mammalian brain is the widespread migration of neural progenitor (NP) cells during embryogenesis. A striking example is provided by NP cells born in the ventral forebrain of mid-gestation stage mice, which subsequently migrate long distances to their final positions in the cortex and olfactory bulb. Previous studies have used two-dimensional histological methods, making it difficult to analyze three-dimensional (3D) migration patterns. Unlike histology, magnetic resonance microimaging (micro-MRI) is a non-destructive, quantitative and inherently 3D imaging method for analyzing mouse embryos. To allow mapping of migrating NP cells with micro-MRI, cells were labeled in situ in the medial (MGE) and lateral (LGE) ganglionic eminences, using targeted in utero ultrasound-guided injection of micron-sized particles of iron-oxide (MPIO). Ex vivo micro-MRI and histology were then performed 5-6days after injection, demonstrating that the MPIO had magnetically labeled the migrating NP populations, which enabled 3D visualization and automated segmentation of the labeled cells. This approach was used to analyze the distinct patterns of migration from the MGE and LGE, and to construct rostral-caudal migration maps from each progenitor region. Furthermore, abnormal migratory phenotypes were observed in Nkx2.1(-/-) embryos, most notably a significant increase in cortical neurons derived from the Nkx2.1(-/-) LGE. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPIO labeling and micro-MRI provide an efficient and powerful approach for analyzing 3D cell migration patterns in the normal and mutant mouse embryonic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby E Deans
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Youssef Zaim Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orlando Aristizábal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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20
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Wu D, Lei J, Rosenzweig JM, Burd I, Zhang J. In utero localized diffusion MRI of the embryonic mouse brain microstructure and injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 42:717-28. [PMID: 25537944 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an in vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) technique to study embryonic mouse brain structure and injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant CD-1 mice were examined on embryonic day 17 on an 11.7T scanner. Spatially selective excitation pulses were used to achieve localized imaging of individual mouse brains, in combination with a 3D fast imaging sequence to acquire dMRI at 0.16-0.2 mm isotropic resolution. Subject motions were corrected by navigator echoes and image registration. Further acceleration was achieved by simultaneous imaging of two embryos in an interleaved fashion. We applied this technique to detect embryonic brain injury in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation. RESULTS With the localized imaging technique, we achieved in utero high-resolution T2 -weighted and dMRI of the embryonic mouse brain for the first time. Early embryonic brain structures were delineated from diffusion tensor images, and major white matter tracts were reconstructed in 3D. Comparison with ex vivo data showed significant changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), but mostly unchanged fractional anisotropy. In the inflammation-affected embryonic brains, ADC in the cortical regions was reduced at 6 hours after the injury, potentially caused by cellular edema. CONCLUSION The feasibility of in utero dMRI of embryonic mouse brains was demonstrated. The technique is important for noninvasive monitoring of embryonic mouse brain microstructure and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason M Rosenzweig
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Lombardi CM, Zambelli V, Botta G, Moltrasio F, Cattoretti G, Lucchini V, Fesslova V, Cuttin MS. Postmortem microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) of small fetuses and hearts. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2014; 44:600-609. [PMID: 24585450 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and utility of contrast-enhanced microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) for identifying structural anomalies in ex-vivo first- and second-trimester human fetuses and isolated fetal hearts. METHODS Radiopaque iodine staining and micro-CT scanning protocols were first developed in rodent studies and then used to examine routinely fixed whole human fetuses (n = 7, weight 0.1-90 g, gestational age, 7-17 weeks) and isolated fetal hearts (n = 14, weight 0.1-5.2 g, gestational age, 11-22 weeks). Samples were scanned using an isotropic resolution of 18 (and, if necessary, 9 or 35) µm and findings were interpreted jointly by four fetal pathologists, a fetal cardiologist and a radiologist. Samples with gestational ages ≥ 13 weeks also underwent conventional autopsy or dissection. RESULTS Micro-CT identified all anatomical structures and abnormalities documented by the macroscopic examination. In all seven cases involving fetuses ≤ 13 weeks (four fetuses, three isolated hearts), micro-CT excluded the presence of structural anomalies. In the remaining 14 cases, it provided all the information obtained with invasive autopsy or dissection and in seven of the 14 (two fetuses, five isolated hearts) it furnished additional diagnostic details. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study confirms the feasibility of postmortem contrast-enhanced micro-CT assessment of structural anomalies in whole small fetuses and fetal hearts. Further study is needed to confirm our findings, particularly in whole fetuses, and to define the extent to which this virtual examination might be used instead of conventional invasive autopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lombardi
- Department of Radiology-Studio Diagnostico Eco, Vimercate, Milan, Italy
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Krishnamurthy U, Szalai G, Neelavalli J, Shen Y, Chaiworapongsa T, Hernandez-Andrade E, Than NG, Xu Z, Yeo L, Haacke M, Romero R. Quantitative T2 changes and susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in murine pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 78:33-40. [PMID: 24861575 PMCID: PMC4119876 DOI: 10.1159/000362552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate gestational age-dependent changes in the T2 relaxation time in normal murine placentas in vivo. The role of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in visualization of the murine fetal anatomy was also elucidated. METHODS Timed-pregnant CD-1 mice at gestational day (GD) 12 and GD17 underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Multi-echo spin echo and SWI data were acquired. The placental T2 values on GD12 and GD17 were quantified. To account for the influence of systemic maternal physiological factors on placental perfusion, maternal muscle was used as a reference for T2 normalization. A linear mixed-effects model was used to fit the normalized T2 values, and the significance of the coefficients was tested. Fetal SWI images were processed and reviewed for venous vasculature and skeletal structures. RESULTS The average placental T2 value decreased significantly on GD17 (40.17 ± 4.10 ms) compared to the value on GD12 (55.78 ± 8.13 ms). The difference in normalized T2 values also remained significant (p = 0.001). Using SWI, major fetal venous structures like the cardinal vein, the subcardinal vein, and the portal vein were visualized on GD12. In addition, fetal skeletal structures could also be discerned on GD17. CONCLUSION The T2 value of a normal murine placenta decreases with advancing gestation. SWI provided clear visualization of the fetal venous vasculature and bony structures. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Mich., USA
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Aristizábal O, Mamou J, Ketterling JA, Turnbull DH. High-throughput, high-frequency 3-D ultrasound for in utero analysis of embryonic mouse brain development. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2321-32. [PMID: 24035625 PMCID: PMC3834109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of the mouse as the predominant model system for studying mammalian brain development, in utero imaging methods are urgently required to analyze the dynamics of brain growth and patterning in mouse embryos. To address this need, we combined synthetic focusing with a high-frequency (38-MHz) annular-array ultrasound imaging system for extended depth-of-field, coded excitation for improved penetration and respiratory-gated transmit/receive. This combination allowed non-invasive in utero acquisition of motion-free 3-D data from individual embryos in approximately 2 min, and data from four or more embryos in a pregnant mouse in less than 30 min. Data were acquired from 148 embryos spanning 5 d of early to mid-gestational stages of brain development. The results indicated that brain anatomy and cerebral vasculature can be imaged with this system and that quantitative analyses of segmented cerebral ventricles can be used to characterize volumetric changes associated with mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Aristizábal
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ketterling
- Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence to: Jeffrey A. Ketterling, PhD, Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, 156 William Street, New York, NY, USA 10038, and Daniel H. Turnbull, PhD, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA 10016, Tel: (212) 263-7262, Fax: (212) 263-8214,
| | - Daniel H. Turnbull
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence to: Jeffrey A. Ketterling, PhD, Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, 156 William Street, New York, NY, USA 10038, and Daniel H. Turnbull, PhD, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA 10016, Tel: (212) 263-7262, Fax: (212) 263-8214,
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24
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Norris FC, Wong MD, Greene NDE, Scambler PJ, Weaver T, Weninger WJ, Mohun TJ, Henkelman RM, Lythgoe MF. A coming of age: advanced imaging technologies for characterising the developing mouse. Trends Genet 2013; 29:700-11. [PMID: 24035368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immense challenge of annotating the entire mouse genome has stimulated the development of cutting-edge imaging technologies in a drive for novel information. These techniques promise to improve understanding of the genes involved in embryo development, at least one third of which have been shown to be essential. Aligning advanced imaging technologies with biological needs will be fundamental to maximising the number of phenotypes discovered in the coming years. International efforts are underway to meet this challenge through an integrated and sophisticated approach to embryo phenotyping. We review rapid advances made in the imaging field over the past decade and provide a comprehensive examination of the relative merits of current and emerging techniques. The aim of this review is to provide a guide to state-of-the-art embryo imaging that will enable informed decisions as to which technology to use and fuel conversations between expert imaging laboratories, researchers, and core mouse production facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca C Norris
- University College London (UCL) Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK; Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), UCL, London, UK
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