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Abdennadher M, Jacobellis S, Václavů L, Juttukonda M, Inati S, Goldstein L, van Osch MJP, Rosen B, Hua N, Theodore W. Water exchange across the blood-brain barrier and epilepsy: Review on pathophysiology and neuroimaging. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:1123-1135. [PMID: 38884502 PMCID: PMC11296120 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier protecting the brain and a milieu of continuous exchanges between blood and brain. There is emerging evidence that the BBB plays a major role in epileptogenesis and drug-resistant epilepsy, through several mechanisms, such as water homeostasis dysregulation, overexpression of drug transporters, and inflammation. Studies have shown abnormal water homeostasis in epileptic tissue and altered aquaporin-4 water channel expression in animal epilepsy models. This review focuses on abnormal water exchange in epilepsy and describes recent non-invasive MRI methods of quantifying water exchange. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Abnormal exchange between blood and brain contribute to seizures and epilepsy. The authors describe why correct water balance is necessary for healthy brain functioning and how it is impacted in epilepsy. This review also presents recent MRI methods to measure water exchange in human brain. These measures would improve our understanding of factors leading to seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Abdennadher
- Neurology Department, Boston Medical CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara Jacobellis
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lena Václavů
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Meher Juttukonda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara Inati
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Lee Goldstein
- Psychiatry and Neurology DepartmentBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruce Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ning Hua
- Radiology Department, Boston Medical CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - William Theodore
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Soni ND, Swain A, Jacobs P, Juul H, Armbruster R, Nanga RPR, Nath K, Wiers C, Detre J, Reddy R. In vivo assessment of β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in mouse brain using deuterium ( 2 H) MRS. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:259-269. [PMID: 36971349 PMCID: PMC10662955 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To monitor the metabolic turnover of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) oxidation using 2 H-MRS in conjunction with intravenous administration of 2 H labeled BHB. METHODS Nine-month-old mice were infused with [3,4,4,4]-2 H4 -BHB (d4 -BHB; 3.11 g/kg) through the tail vein using a bolus variable infusion rate for a period of 90 min. The labeling of downstream cerebral metabolites from the oxidative metabolism of d4 -BHB was monitored using 2 H-MRS spectra acquired with a home-built 2 H surface coil on a 9.4T preclinical MR scanner with a temporal resolution of 6.25 min. An exponential model was fit to the BHB and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) turnover curves to determine rate constants of metabolite turnover and to aid in the visualization of metabolite time courses. RESULTS Deuterium label was incorporated into Glx from BHB metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with an increase in the level of [4,4]-2 H2 -Glx (d2 -Glx) over time and reaching a quasi-steady state concentration of ∼0.6 ± 0.1 mM following 30 min of infusion. Complete oxidative metabolic breakdown of d4 -BHB also resulted in the formation of semi-heavy water (HDO), with a four-fold (10.1 to ∼42.1 ± 7.3 mM) linear (R2 = 0.998) increase in its concentration by the end of infusion. The rate constant of Glx turnover from d4 -BHB metabolism was determined to be 0.034 ± 0.004 min-1 . CONCLUSION 2 H-MRS can be used to monitor the cerebral metabolism of BHB with its deuterated form by measuring the downstream labeling of Glx. The integration of 2 H-MRS with deuterated BHB substrate provides an alternative and clinically promising MRS tool to detect neurometabolic fluxes in healthy and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Datt Soni
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anshuman Swain
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Jacobs
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Halvor Juul
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Armbruster
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corinde Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Detre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wu T, Liu C, Thamizhchelvan AM, Fleischer C, Peng X, Liu G, Mao H. Label-Free Chemically and Molecularly Selective Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:121-139. [PMID: 37235188 PMCID: PMC10207347 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging, especially molecular imaging, has been a driving force in scientific discovery, technological innovation, and precision medicine in the past two decades. While substantial advances and discoveries in chemical biology have been made to develop molecular imaging probes and tracers, translating these exogenous agents to clinical application in precision medicine is a major challenge. Among the clinically accepted imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) exemplify the most effective and robust biomedical imaging tools. Both MRI and MRS enable a broad range of chemical, biological and clinical applications from determining molecular structures in biochemical analysis to imaging diagnosis and characterization of many diseases and image-guided interventions. Using chemical, biological, and nuclear magnetic resonance properties of specific endogenous metabolites and native MRI contrast-enhancing biomolecules, label-free molecular and cellular imaging with MRI can be achieved in biomedical research and clinical management of patients with various diseases. This review article outlines the chemical and biological bases of several label-free chemically and molecularly selective MRI and MRS methods that have been applied in imaging biomarker discovery, preclinical investigation, and image-guided clinical management. Examples are provided to demonstrate strategies for using endogenous probes to report the molecular, metabolic, physiological, and functional events and processes in living systems, including patients. Future perspectives on label-free molecular MRI and its challenges as well as potential solutions, including the use of rational design and engineered approaches to develop chemical and biological imaging probes to facilitate or combine with label-free molecular MRI, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Wu
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Claire Liu
- F.M.
Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anbu Mozhi Thamizhchelvan
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Candace Fleischer
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xingui Peng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of
Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School
of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M.
Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Chen L, Liu J, Chu C, Han Z, Yadav N, Xu J, Bai R, Staedtke V, Pearl M, Walczak P, van Zijl P, Janowski M, Liu G. Deuterium oxide as a contrast medium for real-time MRI-guided endovascular neurointervention. Theranostics 2021; 11:6240-6250. [PMID: 33995656 PMCID: PMC8120199 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Endovascular intervention plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases, in which MRI-guidance can potentially improve precision. However, the clinical applications of currently available contrast media, including Gadolinium-based contrast agents and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO), are hindered by safety concerns. In the present study, we sought to develop D2O as a novel contrast agent for guiding endovascular neurointervention. Methods: Animal studies were approved by institutional ACUC and conducted using an 11.7 T Bruker Biospec system and a 3T Siemens Trio clinical scanner for rodent and canine imaging, respectively. The locally selective blood brain barrier opening (BBBO) in rat brains was obtained by intraarterial (IA) injection of mannitol. The dynamic T2w* EPI MRI sequence was used to study the trans-catheter perfusion territory by IA administered SPIO before mannitol administration, whereas a dynamic T1w FLASH sequence was used to acquire Gd contrast-enhanced MRI for assessing BBBO after injection of mannitol. The contrast generated by D2O assessed by either EPI or FLASH methods was compared with the corresponding results assessed by SPIO or Gd. The utility of D2O MRI was also demonstrated to guide drug delivery to glioma in a mouse model. Finally, the clinical utility of D2O-MRI was demonstrated in a canine model. Results: Our study has shown that the contrast generated by D2O can be used to precisely delineate trans-catheter perfusion territory in both small and large animals. The perfusion territories determined by D2O-MRI show moderate correlation with those by SPIO-MRI (Spearman coefficient r = 0.5234, P < 0.001). Moreover, our results show that the perfusion territory determined by D2O-MRI can successfully predict the areas with BBBO after mannitol treatment similar to that assessed by Gd-MRI (Spearman coefficient r = 0.6923, P < 0.001). Using D2O-MRI as imaging guidance, the optimal infusion rate in the mouse brain was determined to be 150 µL/min to maximize the delivery efficacy to the tumor without serious off-target delivery to the brain parenchyma. The enhanced drug delivery of antibodies to the brain tumor was confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that D2O can be used as a negative MRI contrast medium to guide endovascular neurointervention. The established D2O -MRI method is safe and quantitative, without the concern of contrast accumulation. These qualities make it an attempting approach for a variety of endovascular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Model Microelectronics College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng Han
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirhbay Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renyuan Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Verena Staedtke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica Pearl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sumser K, Bellizzi GG, van Rhoon GC, Paulides MM. The Potential of Adjusting Water Bolus Liquid Properties for Economic and Precise MR Thermometry Guided Radiofrequency Hyperthermia. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102946. [PMID: 32456027 PMCID: PMC7288164 DOI: 10.3390/s20102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential of MR thermometry (MRT) fostered the development of MRI compatible radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia devices. Such device integration creates major technological challenges and a crucial point for image quality is the water bolus (WB). The WB is located between the patient body and external sources to both couple electromagnetic energy and to cool the patient skin. However, the WB causes MRT errors and unnecessarily large field of view. In this work, we studied making the WB MRI transparent by an optimal concentration of compounds capable of modifying T2* relaxation without an impact on the efficiency of RF heating. Three different T2* reducing compounds were investigated, namely CuSO4, MnCl2, and Fe3O4. First, electromagnetic properties and T2* relaxation rates at 1.5 T were measured. Next, through multi-physics simulations, the predicted effect on the RF-power deposition pattern was evaluated and MRT precision was experimentally assessed. Our results identified 5 mM Fe3O4 solution as optimal since it does not alter the RF-power level needed and improved MRT precision from 0.39 °C to 0.09 °C. MnCl2 showed a similar MRT improvement, but caused unacceptable RF-power losses. We conclude that adding Fe3O4 has significant potential to improve RF hyperthermia treatment monitoring under MR guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Sumser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gennaro G. Bellizzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Gerard C. van Rhoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Margarethus M. Paulides
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
- EM4C&C Laboratory, Center for Care & Cure Technology Eindhoven (C3Te), Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Magnetic resonance imaging of flow and mass transfer in electrohydrodynamic liquid bridges. J Vis (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-016-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Eto H, Hyodo F, Nakano K, Utsumi H. Selective Imaging of Malignant Ascites in a Mouse Model of Peritoneal Metastasis Using in Vivo Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2021-7. [PMID: 26796949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of malignant ascites in advanced cancer patients is associated with both a poor prognosis and quality of life with a risk of abdominal infection and sepsis. Contemporary noninvasive visualization methods such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often struggle to differentiate malignant ascites from surrounding tissues. This study aimed to determine the utility of selective H2O imaging in the abdominal cavity with a free radical probe and deuterium oxide (D2O) contrast agent using in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization-MRI (DNP-MRI). Phantom imaging experiments established a linear relationship between H2O volume and image intensity using in vivo DNP-MRI. Similar results were obtained when the radical-D2O probe was used to determine selective and spatial information on H2O in vivo, modeled by the injection of saline into the abdominal cavity of mice. To demonstrate the utility of this method for disease, malignant ascites in peritoneal metastasis animal model was selected as one of the typical examples. In vivo DNP-MRI of peritoneal metastasis animal model was performed 7-21 days after intraperitoneal injection of luciferase, stably expressing the human pancreatic carcinoma (SUIT-2). The image intensity with increasing malignant ascites was significantly increased at days 7, 16, and 21. This increase corresponded to in vivo tumor progression, as measured by bioluminescent imaging. These results suggest that H2O signal enhancement in DNP-MRI using radical-D2O contrast is positively associated with the progression of dissemination and could be a useful biomarker for malignant ascites with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Eto
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakano
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University , 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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