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van der Veen JW, Marenco S, Berman K, Shen J. Retrospective correction of frequency drift in spectral editing: The GABA editing example. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3725. [PMID: 28370463 PMCID: PMC5511084 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
GABA levels can be measured using proton MRS with a two-step editing sequence. However due to the low concentration of GABA, long acquisition time is usually needed to achieve sufficient SNR to detect small differences in many psychiatric disorders. During this long scan time the frequency offset of the measured voxel can change because of magnetic field drift and patient movement. This drift will change the frequency of the editing pulse relative to that of metabolites, leading to errors in quantification. In this article we describe a retrospective method to correct for frequency drift in spectral editing. A series of reference signals for each metabolite was generated for a range of frequency offsets and then averaged together based on the history of frequency changes over the scan. These customized basis sets were used to fit the in vivo data. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the correction method and the remarkable robustness of a GABA editing technique with a top hat editing profile in the presence of frequency drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem van der Veen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author: Jan Willem van der Veen, PhD, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 2D50, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1527, Tel.: (301) 435-7262, Fax: (301) 480-2397,
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, NIMH–Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Berman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, NIMH–Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Braakman N, Oerther T, de Groot HJM, Alia A. High resolution localized two-dimensional MR spectroscopy in mouse brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2008; 60:449-56. [PMID: 18666129 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Localized two-dimensional MR spectroscopy (2D MRS) is impacting the in vivo studies of brain metabolites due to improved spectral resolution and unambiguous assignment opportunities. Despite the large number of transgenic mouse models available for neurological disorders, localized 2D MRS has not yet been implemented in the mouse brain due to size constraints. In this study we optimized a localized 2D proton chemical shift correlated spectroscopic sequence at field strength of 9.4T to obtain highly resolved 2D spectra from localized regions in mouse brains in vivo. The combination of the optimized 2D sequence, high field strength, strong gradient system, efficient water suppression, and the use of a short echo time allowed clear detection of cross-peaks of up to 16 brain metabolites, allowing their direct chemical shift assignments in vivo. To our knowledge this is the first in vivo 2D MRS study of the mouse brain, demonstrating its feasibility to resolve and simultaneously assign several metabolite resonances in the mouse brain in vivo. Implementation of 2D MRS will be invaluable in the identification of new biomarkers during disease progression and treatment using the various available mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Braakman
- SSNMR, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratoria, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Thomas MA, Lange T, Velan SS, Nagarajan R, Raman S, Gomez A, Margolis D, Swart S, Raylman RR, Schulte RF, Boesiger P. Two-dimensional MR spectroscopy of healthy and cancerous prostates in vivo. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 21:443-58. [PMID: 18633659 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-008-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A major goal of this article is to summarize the current status of evaluating prostate metabolites non-invasively using spatially resolved two-dimensional (2D) MR Spectroscopy (MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Due to various technical challenges, the spatially resolved versions of 2D MRS techniques are currently going through the developmental stage. During the last decade, four different versions of 2D MRS sequences have been successfully implemented on 3T and 1.5T MRI scanners manufactured by three different vendors. These sequences include half and maximum echo sampled J-resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS), S-PRESS and L-COSY, which are single volume localizing sequences, and the multi-voxel based JPRESS sequence. RESULTS Even though greater than 1ml voxels have been used, preliminary evaluations of 2D JPRESS, S-PRESS and L-COSY sequences have demonstrated unambiguous detection of citrate, creatine, choline, spermine and more metabolites in human prostates. ProFIT-based quantitation of JPRESS and L-COSY data clearly shows the superiority of 2D MRS over conventional one-dimensional (1D) MRS and more than six metabolites have been successfully quantified. These sequences have been evaluated in a small group of prostate pathologies and pilot investigations using these sequences show promising results in prostate pathologies. CONCLUSION Implementation of the state-of-the-art 2D MRS techniques and preliminary evaluation in prostate pathologies are discussed in this review. Even though these techniques are going through developmental and early testing phases, it is evident that 2D MRS can be easily added on to any clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocol to non-invasively record the biochemical contents of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albert Thomas
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721, USA.
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Van QN, Issaq HJ, Jiang Q, Li Q, Muschik GM, Waybright TJ, Lou H, Dean M, Uitto J, Veenstra TD. Comparison of 1D and 2D NMR Spectroscopy for Metabolic Profiling. J Proteome Res 2007; 7:630-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700594s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Que N. Van
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Haleem J. Issaq
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Qiujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Gary M. Muschik
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Timothy J. Waybright
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Hong Lou
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Timothy D. Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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Stuckey DJ, Anthony DC, Lowe JP, Miller J, Palm WM, Styles P, Perry VH, Blamire AM, Sibson NR. Detection of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in macrophages by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:393-400. [PMID: 15908457 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1203604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key components of the inflammatory response to tissue injury, but their activities can exacerbate neuropathology. High-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to identify metabolite levels in perchloric acid extracts of cultured cells of the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage line under resting and lipopolysaccharide-activated conditions. Over 25 metabolites were identified including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter not previously reported to be present in macrophages. The presence of GABA was also demonstrated in extracts of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. This finding suggests that there may be communication between damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissue and recruited macrophages and resident microglia, which could help orchestrate the immune response. On activation, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, and taurine levels were elevated significantly, and GABA and alanine were reduced significantly. Strong resonances from glutathione, evident in the macrophage two-dimensional 1H spectrum, suggest that this may have potential as a noninvasive marker of macrophages recruited to the CNS, as it is only present at low levels in normal brain. Alternatively, a specific combination of spectroscopic changes, such as lactate, alanine, glutathione, and polyamines, may prove to be the most accurate means of detecting macrophage recruitment to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Stuckey
- Experimental Neuroimaging Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
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Méric P, Autret G, Doan BT, Gillet B, Sébrié C, Beloeil JC. In vivo 2D magnetic resonance spectroscopy of small animals. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2004; 17:317-38. [PMID: 15625585 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-004-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized in vivo NMR spectroscopy, chemical shift imaging or multi-voxel spectroscopy are potentially useful tools in small animals that are complementary to MRI, adding biochemical information to the mainly anatomical data provided by imaging of water protons. However the contribution of such methods remains hampered by the low spectral resolution of the in vivo 1D spectra. Two-dimensional methods widely developed for in vitro studies have been proposed as suitable approaches to overcome these limitations in resolution. The different homonuclear and heteronuclear sequences adapted to in vivo studies are reviewed. Their specific contributions to the spectral resolution of spectroscopic data and their limitations for in vivo investigations are discussed. The applications to experimental models of pathological processes or pharmacological treatment in mainly brain and muscle are presented. According to their combined sensitivity, acquisition duration and spatial resolution, the heteronuclear 2D experiments, which are mainly used for 1H detected-13C spectroscopy after administration of 13C-labeled compounds, appear to be less efficient than 1H detected-13C 1D methods at high field. However, the applications of 2D proton homonuclear methods show that they remain the best tools for in vivo studies when an improved resolution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Méric
- Laboratoire de RMN Biologique, ICSN-CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Shen J, Yang J, Choi IY, Li SS, Chen Z. A new strategy for in vivo spectral editing. Application to GABA editing using selective homonuclear polarization transfer spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2004; 170:290-298. [PMID: 15388093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel single-shot in vivo spectral editing method is proposed in which the signal to be detected, is regenerated anew from the thermal equilibrium magnetization of a source to which it is J-coupled. The thermal equilibrium magnetization of the signal to be detected together with those of overlapping signals are suppressed by single-shot gradient dephasing prior to the signal regeneration process. Application of this new strategy to in vivo GABA editing using selective homonuclear polarization transfer allows complete suppression of overlapping creatine and glutathione while detecting the GABA-4 methylene resonance at 3.02 ppm with an editing yield similar to that of conventional editing methods. The NAA methyl group at 2.02 ppm was simultaneously detected and can be used as an internal navigator echo for correcting the zero order phase and frequency shifts and as an internal reference for concentration. This new method has been demonstrated for robust in vivo GABA editing in the rat brain and for study of GABA synthesis after acute vigabatrin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 2D51A, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1527, USA.
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