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Ahmed OM, Crocker A, Murthy M. Transcriptional profiling of Drosophila male-specific P1 (pC1) neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566045. [PMID: 37986870 PMCID: PMC10659367 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, the P1 (pC1) cluster of male-specific neurons both integrates sensory cues and drives or modulates behavioral programs such as courtship, in addition to contributing to a social arousal state. The behavioral function of these neurons is linked to the genes they express, which underpin their capacity for synaptic signaling, neuromodulation, and physiology. Yet, P1 (pC1) neurons have not been fully characterized at the transcriptome level. Moreover, it is unknown how the molecular landscape of P1 (pC1) neurons acutely changes after flies engage in social behaviors, where baseline P1 (pC1) neural activity is expected to increase. To address these two gaps, we use single cell-type RNA sequencing to profile and compare the transcriptomes of P1 (pC1) neurons harvested from socially paired versus solitary male flies. Compared to control transcriptome datasets, we find that P1 (pC1) neurons are enriched in 2,665 genes, including those encoding receptors, neuropeptides, and cell-adhesion molecules (dprs/DIPs). Furthermore, courtship is characterized by changes in ~300 genes, including those previously implicated in regulating behavior (e.g. DopEcR, Octβ3R, Fife, kairos, rad). Finally, we identify a suite of genes that link conspecific courtship with the innate immune system. Together, these data serve as a molecular map for future studies of an important set of higher-order and sexually-dimorphic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Ahmed
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Amanda Crocker
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Mala Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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2
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Feng S, DeGrey SP, Guédot C, Schoville SD, Pool JE. Genomic Diversity Illuminates the Environmental Adaptation of Drosophila suzukii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547576. [PMID: 37461625 PMCID: PMC10349955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions carry substantial practical and scientific importance, and represent natural evolutionary experiments on contemporary timescales. Here, we investigated genomic diversity and environmental adaptation of the crop pest Drosophila suzukii using whole-genome sequencing data and environmental metadata for 29 population samples from its native and invasive range. Through a multifaceted analysis of this population genomic data, we increase our understanding of the D. suzukii genome, its diversity and its evolution, and we identify an appropriate genotype-environment association pipeline for our data set. Using this approach, we detect genetic signals of local adaptation associated with nine distinct environmental factors related to altitude, wind speed, precipitation, temperature, and human land use. We uncover unique functional signatures for each environmental variable, such as a prevalence of cuticular genes associated with annual precipitation. We also infer biological commonalities in the adaptation to diverse selective pressures, particularly in terms of the apparent contribution of nervous system evolution to enriched processes (ranging from neuron development to circadian behavior) and to top genes associated with all nine environmental variables. Our findings therefore depict a finer-scale adaptive landscape underlying the rapid invasion success of this agronomically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Feng
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel P. DeGrey
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christelle Guédot
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean D. Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John E. Pool
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Konopka JK, Task D, Afify A, Raji J, Deibel K, Maguire S, Lawrence R, Potter CJ. Olfaction in Anopheles mosquitoes. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6246230. [PMID: 33885760 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As vectors of disease, mosquitoes are a global threat to human health. The Anopheles mosquito is the deadliest mosquito species as the insect vector of the malaria-causing parasite, which kills hundreds of thousands every year. These mosquitoes are reliant on their sense of smell (olfaction) to guide most of their behaviors, and a better understanding of Anopheles olfaction identifies opportunities for reducing the spread of malaria. This review takes a detailed look at Anopheles olfaction. We explore a range of topics from chemosensory receptors, olfactory neurons, and sensory appendages to behaviors guided by olfaction (including host-seeking, foraging, oviposition, and mating), to vector management strategies that target mosquito olfaction. We identify many research areas that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Konopka
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Darya Task
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Ali Afify
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Joshua Raji
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Katelynn Deibel
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Sarah Maguire
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Randy Lawrence
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Potter
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, 434 Rangos Building, Baltimore, 21205 MD, USA
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Li Z, Yu T, Chen Y, Heerman M, He J, Huang J, Nie H, Su S. Brain transcriptome of honey bees (Apis mellifera) exhibiting impaired olfactory learning induced by a sublethal dose of imidacloprid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 156:36-43. [PMID: 31027579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Declines in honey bee populations represent a worldwide concern. The widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides has been one of the factors linked to these declines. Sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, has been reported to cause olfactory learning deficits in honey bees via impairment of the target organ, the brain. In the present study, olfactory learning of honey bees was compared between controls and imidacloprid-treated bees. The brains of imidacloprid-treated and control bees were used for comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq to elucidate the effects of imidacloprid on honey bee learning capacity. The results showed that the learning performance of imidacloprid-treated bees was significantly impaired in comparison with control bees after chronic oral exposure to imidacloprid (0.02 ng/μl) for 11 days. Gene expression profiles between imidacloprid treatment and the control revealed that 131 genes were differentially expressed, of which 130 were downregulated in imidacloprid-treated bees. Validation of the RNA-Seq data using qRT-PCR showed that the results of qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq exhibited a high level of agreement. Gene ontology annotation indicated that the oxidation-reduction imbalance might exist in the brain of honey bees due to oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid exposure. KEGG and ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that transient receptor potential and Arrestin 2 in the phototransduction pathway were significantly downregulated in imidacloprid-treated bees, and that five downregulated genes have causal effects on behavioral response inhibition in imidacloprid-treated bees. Our results suggest that downregulation of brain genes involved in immune, detoxification and chemosensory responses may result in decreased olfactory learning capabilities in imidacloprid-treated bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- College of Bee Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; USDA-ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Tiantian Yu
- College of Bee Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- USDA-ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Matthew Heerman
- USDA-ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jingfang He
- College of Bee Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jingnan Huang
- College of Bee Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyi Nie
- College of Bee Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Bee Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
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5
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Acevedo FE, Stanley BA, Stanley A, Peiffer M, Luthe DS, Felton GW. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the fall armyworm saliva. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 86:81-92. [PMID: 28591565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran larvae secrete saliva on plant tissues during feeding. Components in the saliva may aid in food digestion, whereas other components are recognized by plants as cues to elicit defense responses. Despite the ecological and economical importance of these plant-feeding insects, knowledge of their saliva composition is limited to a few species. In this study, we identified the salivary proteins of larvae of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda; determined qualitative and quantitative differences in the salivary proteome of the two host races-corn and rice strains-of this insect; and identified changes in total protein concentration and relative protein abundance in the saliva of FAW larvae associated with different host plants. Quantitative proteomic analyses were performed using labeling with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 98 proteins were identified (>99% confidence) in the FAW saliva. These proteins were further categorized into five functional groups: proteins potentially involved in (1) plant defense regulation, (2) herbivore offense, (3) insect immunity, (4) detoxification, (5) digestion, and (6) other functions. Moreover, there were differences in the salivary proteome between the FAW strains that were identified by label-free proteomic analyses. Thirteen differentially identified proteins were present in each strain. There were also differences in the relative abundance of eleven salivary proteins between the two FAW host strains as well as differences within each strain associated with different diets. The total salivary protein concentration was also different for the two strains reared on different host plants. Based on these results, we conclude that the FAW saliva contains a complex mixture of proteins involved in different functions that are specific for each strain and its composition can change plastically in response to diet type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor E Acevedo
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Bruce A Stanley
- Section of Research Resources, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Anne Stanley
- Section of Research Resources, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Michelle Peiffer
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Dawn S Luthe
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, 216 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Shabani S, Karimi A, Rashki A, Meshkinkhood N, Niknam F, Poursharif A, Mahboudi F, Djadid ND. Identification and evaluation expression level of arrestin 1 gene during the development stage of Anopheles stephensi. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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The sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells controls organ size and plasticity. Nature 2016; 530:344-8. [PMID: 26887495 PMCID: PMC4800002 DOI: 10.1038/nature16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in physiology and disease susceptibility are commonly attributed to developmental and/or hormonal factors, but there is increasing realisation that cell-intrinsic mechanisms play important and persistent roles1,2. Here we use the Drosophila melanogaster intestine to investigate the nature and significance of cellular sex in an adult somatic organ in vivo. We find that the adult intestinal epithelium is a cellular mosaic of different sex differentiation pathways, and displays extensive sex differences in expression of genes with roles in growth and metabolism. Cell-specific reversals of the sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells uncover its key roles in controlling organ size, its reproductive plasticity and its response to genetically induced tumours. Unlike previous examples of sexually dimorphic somatic stem cell activity, the sex differences in intestinal stem cell behaviour arise from intrinsic mechanisms, which control cell cycle duration and involve a new doublesex- and fruitless-independent branch of the sex differentiation pathway downstream of transformer. Together, our findings indicate that the plasticity of an adult somatic organ is reversibly controlled by its sexual identity, imparted by a new mechanism that may be active in more tissues than previously recognised.
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Deng Y, Zhang W, Farhat K, Oberland S, Gisselmann G, Neuhaus EM. The stimulatory Gα(s) protein is involved in olfactory signal transduction in Drosophila. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18605. [PMID: 21490930 PMCID: PMC3072409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven-transmembrane receptors typically mediate olfactory signal transduction by coupling to G-proteins. Although insect odorant receptors have seven transmembrane domains like G-protein coupled receptors, they have an inverted membrane topology, constituting a key difference between the olfactory systems of insects and other animals. While heteromeric insect ORs form ligand-activated non-selective cation channels in recombinant expression systems, the evidence for an involvement of cyclic nucleotides and G-proteins in odor reception is inconsistent. We addressed this question in vivo by analyzing the role of G-proteins in olfactory signaling using electrophysiological recordings. We found that Gα(s) plays a crucial role for odorant induced signal transduction in OR83b expressing olfactory sensory neurons, but not in neurons expressing CO₂ responsive proteins GR21a/GR63a. Moreover, signaling of Drosophila ORs involved Gα(s) also in a heterologous expression system. In agreement with these observations was the finding that elevated levels of cAMP result in increased firing rates, demonstrating the existence of a cAMP dependent excitatory signaling pathway in the sensory neurons. Together, we provide evidence that Gα(s) plays a role in the OR mediated signaling cascade in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- Sino-France Joint Center for Drug Research and Screening, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Bioduro (Beijing) Co. Ltd, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Katja Farhat
- Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Walker WB, Smith EM, Jan T, Zwiebel L. A functional role for Anopheles gambiae Arrestin1 in olfactory signal transduction. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:680-690. [PMID: 18328499 PMCID: PMC2408752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Insect sensory arrestins act to desensitize visual and olfactory signal transduction pathways, as evidenced by the phenotypic effects of mutations in the genes encoding both Arr1 and Arr2 in Drosophila melanogaster. To assess whether such arrestins play similar roles in other, more medically relevant dipterans, we examined the ability of Anopheles gambiae sensory arrestin homologs AgArr1 and AgArr2 to rescue phenotypes associated with an olfactory deficit observed in D. melanogaster arrestin mutants. Of these, only AgArr1 facilitated significant phenotypic rescue of the corresponding Drosophila arr mutant olfactory phenotype, consistent with the view that functional orthology is shared by these Arr1 homologs. These results represent the first step in the functional characterization of AgArr1, which is highly expressed in olfactory appendages of An. gambiae in which it is likely to play an essential role in olfactory signal transduction. In addition to providing insight into the common elements of the peripheral olfactory system of dipterans, this work validates the importance of AgArr1 as a potential target for novel anti-malaria strategies that focus on olfactory-based behaviors in An. gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centers for Molecular Neuroscience and Global Health and Programs in Development, Genetics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Elaine M. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Taha Jan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - L.J. Zwiebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centers for Molecular Neuroscience and Global Health and Programs in Development, Genetics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Hunt GJ. Flight and fight: a comparative view of the neurophysiology and genetics of honey bee defensive behavior. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:399-410. [PMID: 17379239 PMCID: PMC2606975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee nest defense involves guard bees that specialize in olfaction-based nestmate recognition and alarm-pheromone-mediated recruitment of nestmates to sting. Stinging is influenced by visual, tactile and olfactory stimuli. Both quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and behavioral studies point to guarding behavior as a key factor in colony stinging response. Results of reciprocal F1 crosses show that paternally inherited genes have a greater influence on colony stinging response than maternally inherited genes. The most active alarm pheromone component, isoamyl acetate (IAA) causes increased respiration and may induce stress analgesia in bees. IAA primes worker bees for 'fight or flight', possibly through actions of neuropeptides and/or biogenic amines. Studies of aggression in other species lead to an expectation that octopamine or 5-HT might play a role in honey bee defensive response. Genome sequence and QTL mapping identified 128 candidate genes for three regions known to influence defensive behavior. Comparative bioinformatics suggest possible roles of genes involved in neurogenesis and central nervous system (CNS) activity, and genes involved in sensory tuning through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as an arrestin (AmArr4) and the metabotropic GABA(B) receptor (GABA-B-R1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hunt
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The arrestins are a small family of proteins that regulate the signaling and trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors and also serve as ubiquitous signaling regulators in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In vertebrates, the arrestins are a family of four proteins that regulate the signaling and trafficking of hundreds of different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestin homologs are also found in insects, protochordates and nematodes. Fungi and protists have related proteins but do not have true arrestins. Structural information is available only for free (unbound) vertebrate arrestins, and shows that the conserved overall fold is elongated and composed of two domains, with the core of each domain consisting of a seven-stranded β-sandwich. Two main intramolecular interactions keep the two domains in the correct relative orientation, but both of these interactions are destabilized in the process of receptor binding, suggesting that the conformation of bound arrestin is quite different. As well as binding to hundreds of GPCR subtypes, arrestins interact with other classes of membrane receptors and more than 20 surprisingly diverse types of soluble signaling protein. Arrestins thus serve as ubiquitous signaling regulators in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Hunt GJ, Amdam GV, Schlipalius D, Emore C, Sardesai N, Williams CE, Rueppell O, Guzmán-Novoa E, Arechavaleta-Velasco M, Chandra S, Fondrk MK, Beye M, Page RE. Behavioral genomics of honeybee foraging and nest defense. Naturwissenschaften 2006; 94:247-67. [PMID: 17171388 PMCID: PMC1829419 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-006-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The honeybee has been the most important insect species for study of social behavior. The recently released draft genomic sequence for the bee will accelerate honeybee behavioral genetics. Although we lack sufficient tools to manipulate this genome easily, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence natural variation in behavior have been identified and tested for their effects on correlated behavioral traits. We review what is known about the genetics and physiology of two behavioral traits in honeybees, foraging specialization (pollen versus nectar), and defensive behavior, and present evidence that map-based cloning of genes is more feasible in the bee than in other metazoans. We also present bioinformatic analyses of candidate genes within QTL confidence intervals (CIs). The high recombination rate of the bee made it possible to narrow the search to regions containing only 17–61 predicted peptides for each QTL, although CIs covered large genetic distances. Knowledge of correlated behavioral traits, comparative bioinformatics, and expression assays facilitated evaluation of candidate genes. An overrepresentation of genes involved in ovarian development and insulin-like signaling components within pollen foraging QTL regions suggests that an ancestral reproductive gene network was co-opted during the evolution of foraging specialization. The major QTL influencing defensive/aggressive behavior contains orthologs of genes involved in central nervous system activity and neurogenesis. Candidates at the other two defensive-behavior QTLs include modulators of sensory signaling (Am5HT7 serotonin receptor, AmArr4 arrestin, and GABA-B-R1 receptor). These studies are the first step in linking natural variation in honeybee social behavior to the identification of underlying genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J. Hunt
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Gro V. Amdam
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 87451, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501 USA
| | - David Schlipalius
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Christine Emore
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Nagesh Sardesai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Christie E. Williams
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47906 USA
| | - Olav Rueppell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 105 Eberhart Bldg., Greensboro, NC 27402 USA
| | - Ernesto Guzmán-Novoa
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sathees Chandra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
| | - M. Kim Fondrk
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 87451, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501 USA
| | - Martin Beye
- Institut fuer Genetik, Heinrich-Heine Universitaet Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert E. Page
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 87451, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501 USA
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13
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Oro C, Qian H, Thomas WG. Type 1 angiotensin receptor pharmacology: signaling beyond G proteins. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 113:210-26. [PMID: 17125841 PMCID: PMC7112676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit the production of angiotensin II (AngII) or its access to the type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R) are prescribed to alleviate high blood pressure and its cardiovascular complications. Accordingly, much research has focused on the molecular pharmacology of AT1R activation and signaling. An emerging theme is that the AT1R generates G protein dependent as well as independent signals and that these transduction systems separately contribute to AT1R biology in health and disease. Regulatory molecules termed arrestins are central to this process as is the capacity of AT1R to crosstalk with other receptor systems, such as the widely studied transactivation of growth factor receptors. AT1R function can also be modulated by polymorphisms in the AGTR gene, which may significantly alter receptor expression and function; a capacity of the receptor to dimerize/oligomerize with altered pharmacology; and by the cellular environment in which the receptor resides. Together, these aspects of the AT1R “flavour” the response to angiotensin; they may also contribute to disease, determine the efficacy of current drugs and offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics that antagonize only selective facets of AT1R function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oro
- Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Walter G. Thomas
- Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Corresponding author. Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, St. Kilda Road Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 8532 1224; fax: +61 3 8532 1100.
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Ge H, Krishnan P, Liu L, Krishnan B, Davis RL, Hardin PE, Roman G. A Drosophila nonvisual arrestin is required for the maintenance of olfactory sensitivity. Chem Senses 2005; 31:49-62. [PMID: 16306316 PMCID: PMC2180162 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjj005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonvisual arrestins are a family of multifunctional adaptor molecules that regulate the activities of diverse families of receptors including G protein-coupled receptors, frizzled, and transforming growth factor-beta receptors. These activities indicate broad roles in both physiology and development for nonvisual arrestins. Drosophila melanogaster has a single nonvisual arrestin, kurtz, which is found at high levels within the adult olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), suggesting a role for this gene in modulating olfactory sensitivity. Using heat-induced expression of a krz cDNA through development, we rescued krz(1) lethality. The resulting adults lacked detectable levels of krz in the olfactory system. The rescued krz(1) homozygotes have an incompletely penetrant antennal structural defect that was completely rescued by the neural expression of a krz cDNA. The krz(1) loss-of-function adults without visible antennal defects displayed diminished behavioral responsiveness to both aversive and attractive odors and also demonstrated reduced olfactory receptor potentials. Both the behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes were rescued by the targeted expression of the krz cDNA within postdevelopmental ORNs. Thus, krz is required within the nervous system for antennal development and is required later in the ORNs for the maintenance of olfactory sensitivity in Drosophila. The reduced receptor potentials in krz(1) antenna indicate that nonvisual arrestins are required for the early odor-induced signaling events within the ORNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77303, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Krishnan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ronald L. Davis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77303, USA
| | - Paul E. Hardin
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Gregg Roman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77303, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Rützler M, Zwiebel LJ. Molecular biology of insect olfaction: recent progress and conceptual models. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2005; 191:777-90. [PMID: 16094545 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-005-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 07/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Insects have an enormous impact on global public health as disease vectors and as agricultural enablers as well as pests and olfaction is an important sensory input to their behavior. As such it is of great value to understand the interplay of the molecular components of the olfactory system which, in addition to fostering a better understanding of insect neurobiology, may ultimately aid in devising novel intervention strategies to reduce disease transmission or crop damage. Since the first discovery of odorant receptors in vertebrates over a decade ago, much of our view on how the insect olfactory system might work has been derived from observations made in vertebrates and other invertebrates, such as lobsters or nematodes. Together with the advantages of a wide range of genetic tools, the identification of the first insect odorant receptors in Drosophila melanogaster in 1999 paved the way for rapid progress in unraveling the question of how olfactory signal transduction and processing occurs in the fruitfly. This review intends to summarize much of this progress and to point out some areas where advances can be expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rützler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351634, Nashville, TN 37235-3582, USA
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