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Zingale VD, D’Angiolini S, Chiricosta L, Calcaterra V, Selvaggio GGO, Zuccotti G, Destro F, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E. Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081953. [PMID: 36009499 PMCID: PMC9405861 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is constantly increasing around the world, and it has become a major public health issue. Considerable evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the development of comorbidities such as cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that during obesity, adipose tissue undergoes immune, metabolic and functional changes which could induce a neuroinflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS). In this context, to inspect if obesity can start to trigger the neuroinflammation from a pediatric age, we surgically collected and analyzed adipose tissue from the periumbilical area of three obese children (AT-OB) and two normal-weight children (AT-Ctrl). We considered the transcriptomic profile of our samples to detect alterations in different biological processes that might be also involved in the inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response. Our results show alterations of lipid and fatty acids metabolism in AT-OB compared to the AT-Ctrl. We also observed an onset of inflammatory response in AT-OB. Interestingly, among the genes involved in neuroinflammation, GRN and SMO were upregulated, while IFNGR1 and SNCA were downregulated. Our study highlights that obesity may trigger inflammation and neuroinflammation from a pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Domenica Zingale
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone D’Angiolini
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Destro
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Del Cornò M, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Varano B, Masella R, Conti L. Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071738. [PMID: 34359908 PMCID: PMC8304920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the major threatening diseases worldwide, being the third most common cancer, and a leading cause of death, with a global incidence expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is a major risk factor for the development of several tumours, including CRC, and represents an important indicator of incidence, survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy. The obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation is thought to be a key determinant in CRC development, with the adipocytes and the adipose tissue (AT) playing a significant role in the integration of diet-related endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory signals. Furthermore, AT infiltrating immune cells contribute to local and systemic inflammation by affecting immune and cancer cell functions through the release of soluble mediators. Among the factors introduced with diet and enriched in AT, fatty acids (FA) represent major players in inflammation and are able to deeply regulate AT homeostasis and immune cell function through gene expression regulation and by modulating the activity of several transcription factors (TF). This review summarizes human studies on the effects of dietary FA on AT homeostasis and immune cell functions, highlighting the molecular pathways and TF involved. The relevance of FA balance in linking diet, AT inflammation, and CRC is also discussed. Original and review articles were searched in PubMed without temporal limitation up to March 2021, by using fatty acid as a keyword in combination with diet, obesity, colorectal cancer, inflammation, adipose tissue, immune cells, and transcription factors.
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Bi R, Gao J, Pan L, Lai X. Progress in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Based on Intestinal Flora Homeostasis and the Advancement of Holistic Analysis Methods. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20918418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism, which is accompanied by alterations in energy metabolism, intestinal bacterial metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and others. However, intestinal flora metabolism plays a fundamental role in host metabolism; they are complementary to each other and help maintain homeostasis, thus ensuring the normal operation of the host metabolic system. This suggests that a holistic analysis method would be of great use in the study of the overall metabolism in patients with DM. With this in mind, this review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal flora metabolism regarding the occurrence of DM and assesses the effects of drug treatments on the intestinal flora of patients with diabetes. Based on these results, we combined intestinal flora metabolism with host metabolism to evaluate the necessity and the advantages of holistic metabonomics analyses in the treatment of DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Chen Y, Yu CY, Deng WM. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipid metabolism of metabolic diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:249-266. [PMID: 31353985 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1645138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been considered as a crucial source of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines; conversely, these pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of adipocytes, promoting lipolysis, inhibiting lipid synthesis and decreasing blood lipids, etc. In recent decades, extensive studies have indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the development of lipid metabolism of metabolic diseases, including obesity, atherosclerosis, steatohepatitis and hyperlipoproteinemia. However, the involved pro-inflammatory cytokines types and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The "re-discovery" of cancer as a metabolic disorder largely occurred in the last five years. Although pro-inflammatory cytokines have been intensively investigated in cancer research, there are very few studies about the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lipid metabolism of cancer. In the current review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in the roles of different pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipid metabolism of metabolic diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Min Deng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Effects of Rich-Polyphenols Extract of Dendrobium loddigesii on Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Gut Microbiota Modulation in db/db Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123245. [PMID: 30544624 PMCID: PMC6320866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-diabetic effects and has diverse bibenzyls as well as phenanthrenes. Little is known about Dendrobium polyphenols anti-diabetic activities, so, a rich-polyphenols extract of D. loddigesii (DJP) was used for treatment of diabetic db/db mice; the serum biochemical index and tissue appearance were evaluated. In order to gain an insight into the anti-diabetic mechanism, the oxidative stress index, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gut microbiota modulation were determined by ELISA, immunohistochemistry or high throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that DJP had the effects to decrease the blood glucose, body weight, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increase insulin (INS) level in the mice. DJP improved the mice fatty liver and diabetic nephropathy. DJP showed the anti-oxidative abilities to reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione (GSH). DJP exerted the anti-inflammatory effects of decreasing expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. After treatment of DJP, the intestinal flora balance of the mice was ameliorated, increasing Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratios as well as the relative abundance of Prevotella/Akkermansia and reducing the relative abundance of S24-7/Rikenella/Escherichia coli. The function’s prediction of gut microbiota indicated that the microbial compositions involved carbohydrate metabolism or lipid metabolism were changed. This study revealed for the first time that DJP improves the mice symptoms of diabetes and complications, which might be due to the effects that DJP induced the decrease of inflammation as well as oxidative stress and improvement of intestinal flora balance.
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Autophagy mediates calcium-sensing receptor-induced TNFα production in human preadipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3585-3594. [PMID: 30251678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major current public health problem worldwide due to the severe co-morbid conditions that this disease entails. The development of obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders is in direct association with adipose tissue inflammation that leads to its functional impairment. Activation of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in adipose tissue contributes to inflammation and adipose dysfunction. Autophagy, a process of cell component degradation, is closely related to inflammation in many diseases, however, whether autophagy is associated with CaSR-induced inflammation remains unknown. Using LS14 and SW872 preadipose cell lines as well as primary human preadipocytes, we show that CaSR activation with the allosteric activator cinacalcet induces autophagosome formation. Cinacalcet-induced LC3II content elevation was precluded by knockdown of the CaSR and enhanced by CaSR overexpression, indicating a specific effect. Autophagy inhibition using 3-methyladenine prevented CaSR-induced TNFα production, indicating that autophagy contributes to CaSR-induced inflammation in human preadipocytes. Our results suggest that modulation of CaSR-induced autophagy is an attractive target in obese inflamed adipose tissue, to prevent the development of diseases triggered by adipose dysfunction. We describe a novel mechanism and possible new target to modulate and prevent adipose inflammation and hence the resulting disease-generating adipose tissue dysfunction.
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7
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Bott E, Carneiro AB, Gimenez G, López MG, Lammel EM, Atella GC, Bozza PT, Belaunzarán ML. Lipids From Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigotes of RA and K98 Strains Generate a Pro-inflammatory Response via TLR2/6. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:151. [PMID: 29868507 PMCID: PMC5952039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from microorganisms are ligands of Toll like receptors (TLRs) and modulate the innate immune response. Herein, we analyze in vitro the effect of total lipid extracts from Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes of RA and K98 strains (with polar biological behavior) on the induction of the inflammatory response and the involvement of TLRs in this process. We demonstrated that total lipid extracts from both strains induced lipid body formation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and TNF-α and nitric oxide release in macrophages, as well as NF-κB activation and IL-8 release in HEK cells specifically through a TLR2/6 dependent pathway. We also evaluated the inflammatory response induced by total lipid extracts obtained from lysed parasites that were overnight incubated to allow the action of parasite hydrolytic enzymes, such as Phospholipase A1, over endogenous phospholipids. After incubation, these total lipid extracts showed a significantly reduced pro-inflammatory response, which could be attributed to the changes in the content of known bioactive lipid molecules like lysophospholipids and fatty acids, here reported. Moreover, analyses of total fatty acids in each lipid extract were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results indicate a relevant role of T. cruzi lipids in the induction of a pro-inflammatory response through the TLR2/6 pathway that could contribute to the modulation of the immune response and host survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bott
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan B Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guadalupe Gimenez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela M Lammel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - María L Belaunzarán
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Wang M, Chen Y, Xiong Z, Yu S, Zhou B, Ling Y, Zheng Z, Shi G, Wu Y, Qian X. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits free fatty acids‑induced oxidative stress and inflammation in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9165-9172. [PMID: 28990058 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) increase in visceral fat and are inferred to be one of the underlying inducers of adipose tissue inflammation. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Sirtuin 1 to protect against endothelial cell senescence. In the present study, 3T3‑L1 adipocytes were exposed to 0.5 mM FFAs with or without Rb1 (10‑40 µM). Monocyte chemotactic protein‑1 (MCP‑1) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) secretion was measured using ELISA. Tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) expression and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) p65 phosphorylation were detected using western blot analysis. Oxidative stress was determined via measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. The results demonstrated that MCP‑1 and IL‑6 secretion, as well as TNF‑α expression, were significantly increased following FFA treatment, which was attenuated by Rb1 in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, Rb1 attenuated FFA‑induced NF‑κB phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of Rb1 on inflammatory cytokines was partially mediated through blockade of NF‑κB phosphorylation. Further experiments demonstrated that Rb1 ameliorated FFA‑induced ROS generation and NO reduction through upregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 and eNOS expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate proinflammatory and pro‑oxidant effects of FFA on 3T3‑L1 adipocytes, which are effectively ameliorated by Rb1. Suppression of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress may be a novel mechanism for attenuating the effect of Rb1 on adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shujie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yesheng Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhenda Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Adipocyte-Macrophage Cross-Talk in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:327-343. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Xue C, Wang Y. Long-chain bases from sea cucumber mitigate endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in obesity mice. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:628-636. [PMID: 28911649 PMCID: PMC9328807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation can induce hyperglycemia. Long-chain bases (LCBs) from sea cucumber exhibit antihyperglycemic activities. However, their effects on ER stress and inflammation are unknown. We investigated the effects of LCBs on ER stress and inflammatory response in high-fat, fructose diet-induced obesity mice. Reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids were measured. Inflammatory cytokines in serum and their mRNA expressions in epididymal adipose tissues were investigated. Hepatic ER stress-related key genes were detected. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κB inflammatory pathways were also evaluated in the liver. Results showed that LCBs reduced serum and hepatic reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids concentrations. LCBs decreased serum proinflammatory cytokines levels, namely interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 1, and c-reactive protein, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 concentration. The mRNA and protein expressions of these cytokines in epididymal adipose tissues were regulated by LCBs as similar to their circulatory contents. LCBs inhibited phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and inhibitor κ kinase β, and nuclear factor κB nuclear translocation. LCBs also inhibited mRNA expression of ER stress markers glucose regulated protein, activating transcription factor 6, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and X-box binding protein 1, and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-α and inositol requiring enzyme 1α. These results indicate that LCBs can alleviate ER stress and inflammatory response. Nutritional supplementation with LCBs may offer an adjunctive therapy for RE stress-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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TOUSKOVA V, KLOUCKOVA J, DUROVCOVA V, LACINOVA Z, KAVALKOVA P, TRACHTA P, KOSAK M, MRAZ M, HALUZIKOVA D, HANA V, MAREK J, KRSEK M, HALUZIK M. The Possible Role of mRNA Expression Changes of GH/IGF-1/Insulin Axis Components in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Disturbances of Patients With Acromegaly. Physiol Res 2016; 65:493-503. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the effect of chronically elevated circulating levels of growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like-growth-factor-1 (IGF-1) on mRNA expression of GH/IGF-1/insulin axis components and p85alpha subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p85alpha) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of patients with active acromegaly and compared these findings with healthy control subjects in order to find its possible relationships with insulin resistance and body composition changes. Acromegaly group had significantly decreased percentage of truncal and whole body fat and increased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In SCAT, patients with acromegaly had significantly increased IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression that both positively correlated with serum GH. P85alpha expression in SCAT did not differ from control group. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT were not independently associated with percentage of truncal and whole body fat or with HOMA-IR while IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT was an independent predictor of insulin receptor as well as of p85alpha expression in SCAT. Our data suggest that GH overproduction in acromegaly group increases IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in SCAT while it does not affect SCAT p85alpha expression. Increased IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 in SCAT of acromegaly group do not appear to contribute to systemic differences in insulin sensitivity but may have local regulatory effects in SCAT of patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. HALUZIK
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Li S, Jiang W, Hu S, Song W, Ji L, Wang Y, Cai L. Fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from Cusumaria frondosa mitigates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in insulin resistant mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:1547-56. [PMID: 25825143 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated inflammation positively contributes to insulin resistance. It is also known that fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from Cusumaria frondosa (Cf-CHS) can mitigate insulin resistance; however, its effects on ER stress and inflammation are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether Cf-CHS-influenced ER stress, inflammatory response and signaling in insulin-resistant mice. Our results showed that Cf-CHS lowered serum and hepatic ROS, NO, and FFA levels. Furthermore, Cf-CHS decreased serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, CRP, MIP-1, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations as well as their hepatic mRNA expression, and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Moreover, Cf-CHS reduced the ER stress markers Bip, ATF6, PERK, and XBP1 mRNA or protein expression, and PERK, eIF2α, and IRE1α phosphorylation. These reductions were accompanied by a reduced activation of JNK1 and IKKβ, NFκB nuclear translocation, and IR/IRS-2 serine phosphorylation in Cf-CHS-treated mice. These findings suggested that the Cf-CHS supplementary-induced alleviation of RE stress-associated inflammation could be the mechanism responsible for its beneficial effects against insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
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13
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Stephens JM. IGF1 and adipose tissue homeostasis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:10. [PMID: 26638118 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Diniz TA, Fortaleza ACS, Buonani C, Rossi FE, Neves LM, Lira FS, Freitas-Junior IF. Relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, abdominal fat and immunometabolic markers in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 194:178-82. [PMID: 26412352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS To assess the burden of levels of physical activity, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triacylglycerol and abdominal fat on the immunometabolic profile of postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Forty-nine postmenopausal women [mean age 59.43 (standard deviation 5.61) years] who did not undertake regular physical exercise participated in this study. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and levels of NEFA, tumour necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, insulin and triacylglycerol were assessed using fasting blood samples. The level of physical activity was assessed using an accelerometer (Actigraph GTX3x), and reported as counts/min, time spent undertaking sedentary activities and time spent undertaking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The following conditions were considered to be risk factors: (i) sedentary lifestyle (<150min of MVPA per week); (ii) high level (above median) of abdominal fat; and (iii) hypertriacylglycerolaemia (<150mg/dl of triacylglycerol). RESULTS In comparison with active women, sedentary women had higher levels of body fat (%) (p=0.041) and NEFA (p=0.064). Women with higher levels of abdominal fat had impaired insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.016) and spent more time undertaking sedentary activities (p=0.043). Moreover, the women with two risk factors or more had high levels of NEFA and HOMA-IR (p<0.05), as well as an eight-fold higher risk of a high level of NEFA, independent of age (p<0.05). No significant relationship was found between levels of physical activity, abdominal fat, tumour necrosis factor-α and adiponectin (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with a combination of hypertriacylglycerolaemia, a high level of abdominal fat and a sedentary lifestyle are more likely to have metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Diniz
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - A C S Fortaleza
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - C Buonani
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - F E Rossi
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - L M Neves
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - I F Freitas-Junior
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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3T3-L1 preadipocytes exhibit heightened monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 response to acute fatty acid exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99382. [PMID: 24911931 PMCID: PMC4049800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes contribute to the inflammatory responses within adipose tissue. Whilst fatty acids are known to elicit an inflammatory response within adipose tissue, the relative contribution of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes to this is yet to be determined. We aimed to examine the actions of common dietary fatty acids on the acute inflammatory and adipokine response in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated mature adipocytes. Gene expression levels of key adipokines in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes were determined following incubation with palmitic acid, myristic acid or oleic acid and positive inflammatory control, lipopolysaccharide for 2 and 4 h. Inflammatory kinase signalling was assessed by analysis of nuclear factor-κB, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-jun amino-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Under basal conditions, intracellular monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were increased in preadipocytes, whereas mature adipocytes expressed increased gene expression levels of leptin and adiponectin. Fatty acid exposure at 2 and 4 h increased both monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression levels in preadipocytes to greater levels than in mature adipocytes. There was an accompanying increase of inhibitor of κB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB (p65) (Ser536) phosphorylation with fatty acid exposure in the preadipocytes only. The current study points to preadipocytes rather than the adipocytes as the contributors to both immune cell recruitment and inflammatory adipokine secretion with acute increases in fatty acids.
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