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Arnold KD, Ong KL, Ravi G, Cutshall H, Purnell K, Wessel MC, Godby KN, Bal S, Giri S, Rogers LQ, Demark-Wahnefried W, Davies FE, Costa LJ, Morgan GJ, Birmann BM, Brown EE. Anthropometric traits and risk of multiple myeloma: differences by race, sex and diagnostic clinical features. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:312-324. [PMID: 38849476 PMCID: PMC11263363 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established modifiable risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM). However, associations of obesity and MM risk in Black populations, for whom obesity and MM are more common, is less clear. METHODS Using participants enrolled in the Integrative Molecular And Genetic Epidemiology study, we evaluated the association of anthropometric traits with MM risk overall, stratified by race and sex. Among cases, we assessed the association of BMI with the presence of myeloma-defining events. RESULTS We observed an 18% increase in MM risk for every 5 kg/m2 increase in usual adult BMI. Participants with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) had the highest risk compared to those with a normal usual adult BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2; OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.25-2.80), particularly among Black men (OR = 3.94, 95% CI 0.90-17.36). Furthermore, MM cases with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were more likely to present at diagnosis with low renal function (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.09-2.40), deletion 13q (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.08-2.76) and lytic lesions or compression fractures (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 0.82-7.01) and less likely to present with severe diffuse osteopenia (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.81). CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of obesity as a modifiable risk factor for MM, particularly in high-risk populations, and for the clinical presentation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Krystle L Ong
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gayathri Ravi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hannah Cutshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kalyn Purnell
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Meredith C Wessel
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelly N Godby
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Susan Bal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Smith Giri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Faith E Davies
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Luciano J Costa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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2
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Choa R, Panaroni C, Bhatia R, Raje N. It is worth the weight: obesity and the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5510-5523. [PMID: 37493975 PMCID: PMC10515310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The overweight/obesity epidemic is a serious public health concern that affects >40% of adults globally and increases the risk of numerous chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and various cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lymphohematopoietic cancer caused by the uncontrolled clonal expansion of plasma cells. Recent studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor not only for MM but also monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor disease state of MM. Furthermore, obesity may promote the transition from MGUS to MM. Thus, in this review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence regarding the role of obesity in MM and MGUS, discuss the biologic mechanisms that drive these disease processes, and detail the obesity-targeted pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that may reduce the risk of progression from MGUS to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Choa
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roma Bhatia
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Noopur Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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3
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Tie W, Ma T, Yi Z, Liu J, Li Y, Bai J, Li L, Zhang L. Obesity as a risk factor for multiple myeloma: insight on the role of adipokines. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611338. [PMID: 37637774 PMCID: PMC10447903 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic disorder characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Genetic and environmental factors are contributed to the etiology of MM. Notably, studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of MM and worsens outcomes for MM patients. Adipokines play an important role in mediating the close association between MM and metabolic derangements. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic studies to show that the risk of MM is increased in obese. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that adipokines could display a correlation with MM. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that adipokines are linked to MM, including roles in the biological behavior of MM cells, cancer-associated bone loss, the progression of MM, and drug resistance. Current and potential therapeutic strategies targeted to adipokines are discussed, proposing that adipokines can guide early patient diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Tie
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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4
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Tentolouris A, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. Obesity and multiple myeloma: emerging mechanisms and perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:45-60. [PMID: 37030643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that has been associated with the development of breast, endometrial, large intestine, renal, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Obesity is also involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, an increase in the incidence of obesity-related cancers has been reported. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, after lymphoma. The aim of this review is to examine the epidemiological data on obesity and MM, assess the effect of obesity on MM outcomes, evaluate the possible mechanisms through which obesity might increase the incidence of MM and provide the effects of obesity management on MM. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM and increase the prevalence of MM. However, data regarding the effect of obesity on MGUS incidence are controversial; further studies are needed to examine whether obesity affects the development of MGUS or the progression of MGUS to MM. In addition, obesity affects MM outcomes. Increased BMI is associated with decreased survival in patients with MM, while data regarding the effect of obesity on newly diagnosed MM subjects and autologous stem cell transplantation are limited. Interestingly, the obesity paradox may also apply to patients with relapsed/refractory MM who are overweight or obese, because they may have a survival advantage. The pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to MM are very complicated and include bone marrow adipose tissue; adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6; hormones including insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones. In terms of the effect of pharmacological management of obesity, orlistat has been shown to alter the proliferation of MM cells, whereas no data exist on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, naltrexone/bupropion, or phentermine/topiramate. Bariatric surgery may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of MM, however, further studies are needed.
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5
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Kleinstern G, Larson DR, Allmer C, Norman AD, Muntifering G, Sinnwell J, Visram A, Rajkumar V, Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Slager SL, Kumar S, Vachon CM. Body mass index associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) progression in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:67. [PMID: 35440099 PMCID: PMC9018764 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant clonal disorder that progresses to multiple myeloma (MM), or other plasma-cell or lymphoid disorders at a rate of 1%/year. We evaluate the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to MGUS progression beyond established clinical factors in a population-based study. We identified 594 MGUS through a population-based screening study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1995 and 2003. Follow-up time was calculated from the date of MGUS to last follow-up, death, or progression to MM/another plasma-cell/lymphoid disorder. BMI (kg/m2 < 25/≥25) was measured close to screening date. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of BMI ≥ 25 versus BMI < 25 with MGUS progression and also evaluated the corresponding c-statistic and 95% CI to describe discrimination of the model for MGUS progression. Median follow-up was 10.5 years (range:0-25), while 465 patients died and 57 progressed and developed MM (N = 39), AL amyloidosis (N = 8), lymphoma (N = 5), or Waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia (N = 5). In univariate analyses, BMI ≥ 25 (HR = 2.14,CI:1.05-4.36, P = 0.04), non-IgG (HR = 2.84, CI:1.68-4.80, P = 0.0001), high monoclonal (M) protein (HR = 2.57, CI:1.50-4.42, P = 0.001), and abnormal free light chain ratio (FLCr) (HR = 3.39, CI:1.98-5.82, P < 0.0001) were associated with increased risk of MGUS progression, and were independently associated in a multivariable model (c-statistic = 0.75, CI:0.68-0.82). The BMI association was stronger among females (HR = 3.55, CI:1.06-11.9, P = 0.04) vs. males (HR = 1.39, CI:0.57-3.36, P = 0.47), although the interaction between BMI and sex was not significant (P = 0.15). In conclusion, high BMI is a prognostic factor for MGUS progression, independent of isotype, M protein, and FLCr. This association may be stronger among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geffen Kleinstern
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dirk R Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cristine Allmer
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aaron D Norman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jason Sinnwell
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alissa Visram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Rajkumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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6
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Chang VC, Khan AA, Huang WY, Katki HA, Purdue MP, Landgren O, Hofmann JN. Body mass index and risk of progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma: Results from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35365600 PMCID: PMC8975932 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Chang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ali A Khan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hormuzd A Katki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Parikh R, Tariq SM, Marinac CR, Shah UA. A comprehensive review of the impact of obesity on plasma cell disorders. Leukemia 2022; 36:301-314. [PMID: 34654885 PMCID: PMC8810701 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Although little is known about the etiology of MM, several metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, poor nutrition, many of which are modifiable, have been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous neoplasms including MM. In this article, we provide a detailed summary of what is known about the impact of obesity on the pathogenesis of MM, its influence on outcomes in MM patients, and discuss potential mechanisms through which obesity is postulated to influence MM risk and prognosis. Along with advancements in treatment modalities to improve survival in MM patients, focused efforts are needed to prevent or intercept MM at its earliest stages. The consolidated findings presented in this review highlight the need for clinical trials to assess if lifestyle modifications can reduce the incidence and improve outcomes of MM in high-risk populations. Data generated from such studies can help formulate evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and control of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Parikh
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Myeloma Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Syed Maaz Tariq
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Catherine R. Marinac
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urvi A. Shah
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Zhaoyun L, Rong F. Predictive Role of Immune Profiling for Survival of Multiple Myeloma Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663748. [PMID: 34290698 PMCID: PMC8287504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite new efficacy drugs and cell therapy have been used for multiple myeloma (MM) patients, some patients will relapse over time. We wonder the immune system play a vital role as well as MM cell during the development of disease. It is clear that the characteristic of myeloma cell is associated with the survival of MM patients. However, the link between the immune profiling and the prognosis of the disease is still not entirely clear. As more study focus on the role of immunity on multiple myeloma pathogenesis. There are plenty of study about the predictive role of immunity on the survival of multiple myeloma patients. Up to mow, the majority reviews published have focused on the immunotherapy and immune pathogenesis. It is indispensable to overlook the predictive role of immunity on multiple myeloma patients. Here, we give a review of vital previous works and recent progress related to the predictive role of immune profiling on multiple myeloma, such as absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocytes and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhaoyun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu Rong
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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9
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterised by the proliferation and accumulation of terminally differentiated abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Patients suffer from bone pain, factures, anaemia, osteolytic lesions and renal failure. Despite recent advancement in therapy MM remains an incurable disease due to the emergences of drug resistance and frequent relapse. For many decades, research has been heavily focused on understanding the relationship between bone cells such as osteoblast, osteocytes and osteoclasts and the infiltrating tumour cells. However, it is now clear that the tumour-supportive bone microenvironment including cellular and non-cellular components play an important role in driving MM progression and bone disease. One of the most abundant cell types in the bone microenvironment is the bone marrow adipocyte (BMAd). Once thought of as inert space filling cells, they have now been recognised as having specialised functions, signalling in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner to support normal systemic homeostasis. BMAds are both an energy store and a source of secreted adipokines and bioactive substances, MM cells are able to hijack this metabolic machinery to fuel migration, growth and survival. With global obesity on the rise, it has never been more important to further understand the contribution these cells have in both normal and disease settings. The aim of this review is to summarise the large body of emerging evidence supporting the interplay between BMAds and MM cells and to delineate how they fit into the vicious cycle of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Morris
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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10
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Georgakopoulou R, Andrikopoulou A, Sergentanis TN, Fiste O, Zagouri F, Gavriatopoulou M, Psaltopoulou T, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Overweight/Obesity and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:361-367. [PMID: 33582053 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and high body mass index (BMI) are associated with increased incidence of multiple myeloma (MM). MM usually evolves from a precursor asymptomatic disease, namely monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MGUS progresses to MM at a 1% annual rate; however, risk factors predisposing to MGUS are not completely understood. We conducted a systematic review to assess the relationship between obesity and high BMI with MGUS prevalence and progression to MM. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review evaluating the role of obesity in MGUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched the Medline database and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies investigating BMI and obesity association with MGUS incidence and progression. The algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the words "obesity," "obese," "body mass index," "overweight," "diet," "nutrition," "food," "dietary," "adiponectin," "monoclonal gammopathy," and "MGUS". RESULTS Overall, 12 articles were retrieved, including 11 eligible articles and 1 clinical trial. More than 57,068 patients were evaluated in this systematic review. Discrepancies between the identified studies were noted. Multiple studies support the notion that obesity or high BMI are positively linked to MGUS prevalence and transition to MM. In contrast, other studies revealed no such association. Visceral adipose tissue metabolic activity and decreased adiponectin concentrations were identified as biomarkers of MGUS progression to MM. CONCLUSION Obesity and increased BMI seem to be implicated both in MGUS development and progression to MM. Further studies should be designed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Georgakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Andrikopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Oraianthi Fiste
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Ugai T, Ito H, Oze I, Saito E, Rahman MS, Boffetta P, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Shu XO, Koh WP, Gao YT, Sadakane A, Tsuji I, Park SK, Nagata C, You SL, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Cai H, Yuan JM, Xiang YB, Ozasa K, Tomata Y, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Wada K, Chen CJ, Yoo KY, Chia KS, Ahsan H, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Potter J, Matsuo K. Association of BMI, Smoking, and Alcohol with Multiple Myeloma Mortality in Asians: A Pooled Analysis of More than 800,000 Participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1861-1867. [PMID: 31399476 PMCID: PMC7986478 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted to elucidate lifestyle-related risk factors for multiple myeloma in Asia. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol intake with the risk of multiple myeloma mortality through a pooled analysis of more than 800,000 participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium. METHODS The analysis included 805,309 participants contributing 10,221,623 person-years of accumulated follow-up across Asia Cohort Consortium cohorts. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between BMI, smoking, and alcohol at baseline and the risk of multiple myeloma mortality were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model with shared frailty. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant dose-dependent association between BMI categories and the risk of multiple myeloma mortality (<18.5 kg/m2: HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.52-1.24; 18.5-24.9 kg/m2: reference; 25.0-29.9 kg/m2: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94-1.47; ≥30 kg/m2: HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.99-2.64, P trend = 0.014). By sex, this association was more apparent in women than in men (P for heterogeneity between sexes = 0.150). We observed no significant associations between smoking or alcohol consumption and risk of multiple myeloma mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that excess body mass is associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma mortality among Asian populations. In contrast, our results do not support an association between smoking or alcohol consumption and the risk of multiple myeloma mortality in Asian populations. IMPACT This study provides important evidence on the association of BMI, smoking, and alcohol with the risk of multiple myeloma mortality in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics, Integration Center for Cancer Control & Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiao Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Atsuko Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine & Big Data Research Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
| | - Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Tomasson MH, Ali M, De Oliveira V, Xiao Q, Jethava Y, Zhan F, Fitzsimmons AM, Bates ML. Prevention Is the Best Treatment: The Case for Understanding the Transition from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3621. [PMID: 30453544 PMCID: PMC6274834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an invariably fatal cancer of plasma cells. Despite tremendous advances in treatment, this malignancy remains incurable in most individuals. We postulate that strategies aimed at prevention have the potential to be more effective in preventing myeloma-related death than additional pharmaceutical strategies aimed at treating advanced disease. Here, we present a rationale for the development of prevention therapy and highlight potential target areas of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Tomasson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Mahmoud Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Vanessa De Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Health Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Yogesh Jethava
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Adam M Fitzsimmons
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Melissa L Bates
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of Health Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are correlated with changes in insulin signaling, a pathway that is frequently upregulated in neoplastic tissue but impaired in tissues that are classically targeted by insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many antidiabetes treatments, particularly metformin, enhance insulin signaling, but this pathway can be inhibited by specific cancer treatments. The modulation of cancer growth by metformin and of insulin sensitivity by anticancer drugs is so common that this phenomenon is being studied in hundreds of clinical trials on cancer. Many meta-analyses have consistently shown a moderate but direct effect of body mass index on the incidence of multiple myeloma and lymphoma and the elevated risk of leukemia in adults. Moreover, new epidemiological and preclinical studies indicate metformin as a therapeutic agent in patients with leukemia, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. In this article, we review current findings on the anticancer activities of metformin and the underlying mechanisms from preclinical and ongoing studies in hematologic malignancies.
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14
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Hagström H, Andreasson A, Carlsson AC, Jerkeman M, Carlsten M. Body composition measurements and risk of hematological malignancies: A population-based cohort study during 20 years of follow-up. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202651. [PMID: 30138405 PMCID: PMC6107196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High body mass index (BMI) is associated with development of hematological malignancies (HMs). However, although BMI is a well-established measurement of excess weight, it does not fully reflect body composition and can sometimes misclassify individuals. This study aimed at investigating what body composition measurements had highest association with development of HM. Body composition measurements on 27,557 individuals recorded by healthcare professionals as part of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study conducted in Sweden between 1991–1996 were matched with data from national registers on cancer incidence and causes of death. Cox regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to test the association between one standard deviation increments in body composition measurements and risk of HM. During a median follow-up of 20 years, 564 persons developed an HM. Several body composition measurements were associated with risk of developing an HM, but the strongest association was found for multiple myeloma (MM). Waist circumference (HR 1.31, p = 0.04) and waist-hip ratio (HR 1.61, p = 0.05) had higher risk estimates than BMI (HR 1.18, p = 0.07) for MM. In conclusion, our study shows that measurements of abdominal adiposity better predict the risk of developing HM, particularly MM, compared to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hagström
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Axel C. Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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