1
|
Zhang S, Li C, Taerken AY. Trend in physical growth among Chinese urban students: Results from five national successive cross-sectional surveys within the past two decades. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24132. [PMID: 38984613 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the orientation, magnitude, and pace of secular trends in body height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) among Chinese urban students aged 7-18 years from 2000 to 2019. METHODS Data were extracted from Chinese urban students aged 7-18 years from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019. The height, weight, and BMI of 548 419, 548 408, and 548 365 urban students aged 7-18 years, respectively, were tested. The mean differences across survey years were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The pace of secular trends is expressed as the change every 5 years between every two adjacent survey years. RESULTS Height increments between 1.9 and 6.2 cm, weight increments between 2.7 and 8.6 kg, and BMI increments between 0.9 and 1.9 kg/m2 were observed in boys. For girls, height increments between 1.5 and 4.9 cm, weight increments between 2.2 and 6.0 kg, and BMI increments between 0.7 and 1.7 kg/m2 were observed. The pace of secular trends in height decreased in the last 5 years, and the secular trends in weight and BMI have accelerated in the last 9 years compared with the previous 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Although the secular trend in height among Chinese urban students has slowed, it has not yet reached its genetic potential and continues to increase. The rapid increase in weight and BMI was a cause for concern. Our findings provide a basis for the future formulation of public health interventions in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chengyue Li
- Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rambaran K, Teelucksingh S, Gowrie Sankar S, Boyne M, Xuereb G, Giorgetti A, Zimmermann MB. High prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in ten Caribbean countries: 2018 cross-sectional data and a narrative review of trends in Trinidad and Tobago. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1847632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirin Rambaran
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Surujpal Teelucksingh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sesh Gowrie Sankar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Michael Boyne
- Department of Medicine, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Godfrey Xuereb
- Regional Office for the Americas, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ambra Giorgetti
- Human Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B. Zimmermann
- Human Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu T, Chen C, Jin Z, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Hong L, Yu X, Mei H, Jiang F, Huang H, Liu S, Jin X. Association of number of siblings, birth order, and thinness in 3- to 12-year-old children: a population-based cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 32758208 PMCID: PMC7405454 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sibship size and structure have a significant association with overweight and obesity in children, but the relationship with thinness has not been fully studied and understood, especially in Asia. This study evaluated the associations among number of siblings, birth order, and childhood thinness and investigated the association of number of younger or older siblings with childhood thinness. Methods In this study, we performed a population-based cross-sectional study among 84,075 3- to 12-year-old children in Shanghai using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. We defined grades 1, 2, and 3 thinness according to the body mass index cutoff points set by the International Obesity Task Force and used multinomial logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Compared with only children, for boys, children with two or more siblings were more likely to suffer from grade 2 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.02, 1.64) and grade 3 thinness (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.07, 2.40); and the youngest child faced a higher risk of grade 2 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.09, 1.90) and grade 3 thinness (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.01, 2.33). For girls, children with one sibling were more likely to suffer from grade 1 thinness (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.05, 1.42); the oldest child, middle child, and youngest child faced a higher risk of grade 1 (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.09, 1.84), grade 2 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03, 1.54), and grade 1 thinness (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.21, 2.88) respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship, however, between a larger number of younger or older siblings and childhood thinness. Conclusions Regardless of sex, having either siblings or a higher birth order was positively associated with childhood thinness. The present study has suggested that future interventions to prevent childhood thinness should consider family background as an important factor, especially in multi-child-families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhijuan Jin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You Yang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fan Jiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shijian Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Pubin Children Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramuth H, Schutz Y, Calonne J, Joonas N, Dulloo AG. Total energy expenditure assessed by doubly labeled water technique and estimates of physical activity in Mauritian children: analysis by gender and ethnicity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:445-453. [PMID: 31358885 PMCID: PMC7062628 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In the tropical island of Mauritius, the rise in obesity has accelerated in the past decades, and could be contributed by low physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. The study objectives were to generate the first dataset of total energy expenditure (TEE), to estimate physical activity in Mauritian children, and to explore differences due to gender and ethnicity. SUBJECTS/METHODS The doubly labeled water (DLW) technique was used to evaluate TEE over 14 days in 56 Mauritian school children (aged 7-11 years) belonging to the two main ethnic groups: Indian (South Asian descent) and Creole (African/Malagasy descent). Physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as the ratio of TEE and resting energy expenditure (using Schofield equations), and daily step counts were measured by accelerometry. Anthropometry and body composition were also assessed. RESULTS TEE measured by DLW was lower in Mauritian children (by ~155 kcal/d) than that predicted using FAO/WHO/UNU equations for children of the same sex, age, and body size. Furthermore, TEE, as well as PAL and step counts, also differed according to gender (lower in girls than in boys) and to ethnicity (lower in Indians than in Creoles) even after adjusting for differences in body weight and body composition. CONCLUSION These results in Mauritian children provide the first dataset of objectively measured TEE, from which physical activity is estimated as PAL, and complemented by step counts measurements. They suggest potential gender and ethnic differences in TEE and physical activity that need consideration in developing strategies to counter sedentary behavior and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harris Ramuth
- Victoria Hospital, Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health & Quality of Life, Port Louis, Mauritius
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular system, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yves Schutz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular system, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Julie Calonne
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular system, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Victoria Hospital, Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health & Quality of Life, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular system, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Di Cesare M, Sorić M, Bovet P, Miranda JJ, Bhutta Z, Stevens GA, Laxmaiah A, Kengne AP, Bentham J. The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Med 2019; 17:212. [PMID: 31760948 PMCID: PMC6876113 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically. This worldwide epidemic has important consequences, including psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial disorders in childhood and increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. Treatment of obesity is difficult and children with excess weight are likely to become adults with obesity. These trends have led member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) to endorse a target of no increase in obesity in childhood by 2025. MAIN BODY Estimates of overweight in children aged under 5 years are available jointly from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), WHO and the World Bank. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has published country-level estimates of obesity in children aged 2-4 years. For children aged 5-19 years, obesity estimates are available from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. The global prevalence of overweight in children aged 5 years or under has increased modestly, but with heterogeneous trends in low and middle-income regions, while the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2-4 years has increased moderately. In 1975, obesity in children aged 5-19 years was relatively rare, but was much more common in 2016. CONCLUSIONS It is recognised that the key drivers of this epidemic form an obesogenic environment, which includes changing food systems and reduced physical activity. Although cost-effective interventions such as WHO 'best buys' have been identified, political will and implementation have so far been limited. There is therefore a need to implement effective programmes and policies in multiple sectors to address overnutrition, undernutrition, mobility and physical activity. To be successful, the obesity epidemic must be a political priority, with these issues addressed both locally and globally. Work by governments, civil society, private corporations and other key stakeholders must be coordinated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maroje Sorić
- University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Secteur Croisettes/Bâtiment SC-B, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ministry of Health, Hospital Road, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, 15102, Lima, Peru
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Aga Khan University, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Gretchen A Stevens
- Independent consultant, Los Angeles, USA.,c/o: School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Avula Laxmaiah
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Beside Tarnaka Metro Station, Osmania University PO, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Andre-Pascal Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa
| | - James Bentham
- University of Kent, Giles Lane, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and Correlates of Behavioral Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors among Adolescents in the Seychelles: Results of a National School Survey in 2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152651. [PMID: 31349537 PMCID: PMC6696153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of behavioral non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among a national sample of school-going adolescents in the Seychelles. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 2540 school adolescents (median age 14 years, interquartile range = 2), in the Seychelles "Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)" in 2015. Behavioral NCD risk factors (current tobacco use, current alcohol use, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, soft drink consumption, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and leisure-time sedentary behavior) were assessed by self-report. Among the seven individual behavioral risk factors, the highest prevalence was physical inactivity (82.7%), followed by daily soft drink consumption (68.3%), inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (60.9%), leisure-time sedentary behavior (51.0%), current alcohol use (47.6%), overweight or obesity (28.2%), and current tobacco use (23.4%). The total mean number of behavioral NCD risk factors was 3.6 (Standard Deviation = 1.3), and the proportion of co-occurrence of having three or more behavioral NCD risk factors was 80.7%. In adjusted linear regression analysis, male sex, older age, and psychological distress were positively, and school attendance and peer support were negatively associated with the total number of behavioral NCD risk factors. A high prevalence of multiple behavioral NCD risk factors were found and several associated factors were identified, such as male sex, older age, psychological distress, school truancy, and lack of peer support, which may help in aiding intervention programs in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Deputy Vice Chancellor Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Deputy Vice Chancellor Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leroux IN, Ferreira APSDS, Paniz FP, Silva FFD, Luz MS, Batista BL, Marchioni DM, Olympio KPK. Brazilian preschool children attending day care centers show an inadequate micronutrient intake through 24-h duplicate diet. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 54:175-182. [PMID: 31109609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate micronutrient intake in childhood harms growth and development, and it is related to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dietary intake and prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake in preschool children (1-4 years old) attending two-day care centers. To assess children's dietary micronutrient intake, 24-h duplicate diets (n = 64) were collected for one week-day, including everything the children ate and drank both at home and in kindergarten. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to evaluate the children's nutritional status. The micronutrients copper, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and manganese were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Calcium and selenium were found with high inadequate intake rates: 50% and 42%, respectively, for children aged 1-3 years old, and 93% and 90% for children aged 4 years. Potassium was consumed in very low amounts, 13% and 5% of children aged 1-3 and 4 years old, respectively, achieved the adequate intake for the nutrient. Sodium intakes were excessive: 23% of the 1-3-year old and 42% of the 4-year-old children, respectively, had an intake higher than the tolerable upper levels. Regarding the nutritional status, overweight and obesity prevalence was 17%. Therefore, considering the damaging health effects for children of micronutrient deficiency and overweight and obesity status, it is necessary that government authorities be aware and update public policies and educational programs in order to promote healthy eating habits in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Nogueira Leroux
- Laboratório de Análises da Exposição Humana a Contaminantes Ambientais, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratório de Análises da Exposição Humana a Contaminantes Ambientais, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Pollo Paniz
- Laboratório de Análises da Exposição Humana a Contaminantes Ambientais, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Ferreira da Silva
- EnvironMetals, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André, SP, CEP 09210-580, Brazil; Agilent Technologies, Alameda Araguaia, 1142, Alphaville Industrial, CEP: 6455000, Barueri, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maciel Santos Luz
- Laboratório de Processos Metalúrgicos, Centro de Tecnologia em Metalurgia e Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT), Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, CEP 05508-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- EnvironMetals, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André, SP, CEP 09210-580, Brazil.
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Laboratório de Análises da Exposição Humana a Contaminantes Ambientais, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|