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Grammer EE, McGee JE, Bartlett AN, Brown TT, Clunan MC, Huff AC, Osborne BG, Matarese LE, Pories WJ, Houmard JA, Carels RA, Sarzynski MA, Swift DL. Effects of Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance on Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Scores in Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:598-607. [PMID: 39163283 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: An elevated lipoprotein insulin resistance (LP-IR) score corresponds to insulin resistance in adults with overweight and obesity, yet data are lacking regarding the impact of exercise interventions on LP-IR. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the effects of a weight loss and weight maintenance intervention on LP-IR score in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods: Thirty sedentary adults with overweight and obesity completed a 10-week OPTIFAST® weight loss program with supervised aerobic exercise to achieve clinical weight loss (CWL) (≥7% from baseline). Aerobic exercise volume increased weekly until 700 MET min/week was reached. Participants who reached CWL were randomized to groups at volumes at either physical activity (PA-REC) or weight maintenance (WM-REC) recommendations (weeks 11-28). Plasma blood samples were analyzed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline, after weight loss (week 10), and following weight maintenance (week 28). Results: Following the weight loss phase, on average, participants significantly (p < 0.001) reduced LP-IR score (-12.1 ± 13.5), body weight (-8.9 ± 2.7%), and waist circumference (-7.7 ± 4.1 cm). During the weight maintenance phase, there were no changes in LP-IR score between exercise groups (PA-REC: 4.1 ± 13.6; WM-REC: -2.0 ± 11.2; P = 0.7). The PA-REC group had improvements in LP-IR score from baseline (49.8 ± 24.6 to 36.6 ± 27.6, P < 0.001), yet there were no within-group changes during the weight maintenance phase (P > 0.05). Conclusion: LP-IR score improved during weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity and were sustained during the weight maintenance phase in the PA-REC group. Aerobic exercise at least at minimum guidelines following CWL can preserve LP-IR score improvements and may indicate a reduced T2DM risk in adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Grammer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua E McGee
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Allison N Bartlett
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor T Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marie C Clunan
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna C Huff
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Laura E Matarese
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Walter J Pories
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert A Carels
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Damon L Swift
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Bosch-Sierra N, Grau-del Valle C, Salom C, Zaragoza-Villena B, Perea-Galera L, Falcón-Tapiador R, Rovira-Llopis S, Morillas C, Monleón D, Bañuls C. Effect of a Very Low-Calorie Diet on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Metabolomic Profile in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Subjects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:302. [PMID: 38539836 PMCID: PMC10967635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of weight loss through calorie restriction on metabolic profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUHO) obese individuals. A total of 74 subjects (34 MHO and 40 MUHO) received two cycles of a very low-calorie diet, alternating with a hypocaloric diet for 24 weeks. Biochemical, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, as well as serum metabolomic analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance, were performed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. After the diet, there was an improvement in insulin resistance, as well as a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters, enhancing oxidative damage, mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione, and antioxidant capacity. This improvement was more significant in the MUHO group. The metabolomic analysis showed a healthier profile in lipoprotein profile. Lipid carbonyls also decrease at the same time as unsaturated fatty acids increase. We also display a small decrease in succinate, glycA, alanine, and BCAAs (valine and isoleucine), and a slight increase in taurine. These findings show that moderate weight reduction leads to an improvement in lipid profile and subfractions and a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers; these changes are more pronounced in the MUHO population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Bosch-Sierra
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Grau-del Valle
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
| | - Christian Salom
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
| | - Begoña Zaragoza-Villena
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
| | - Laura Perea-Galera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosa Falcón-Tapiador
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleón
- Department of Pathology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (N.B.-S.); (C.G.-d.V.); (C.S.); (B.Z.-V.); (L.P.-G.); (R.F.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (C.M.)
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