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He D, Cheng S, Wei W, Zhao Y, Cai Q, Chu X, Shi S, Zhang N, Qin X, Liu H, Jia Y, Cheng B, Wen Y, Zhang F. Body shape from birth to adulthood is associated with skeletal development: A Mendelian randomization study. Bone 2024:117191. [PMID: 38969278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that childhood obesity is associated with adult bone health but yield inconsistent results. We aimed to explore the potential causal association between body shape and skeletal development. METHODS We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal relationships between body shape from birth to adulthood and skeletal phenotypes, with exposure including placental weight, birth weight, childhood obesity, BMI, lean mass, fat mass, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Independent genetic instruments associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8) were selected from corresponding large-scale genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance weighted analysis was chosen as the primary method, and complementary MR analyses included the weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode. RESULTS The MR analysis shows strong evidence that childhood (β = -1.29 × 10-3, P = 8.61 × 10-5) and adulthood BMI (β = -1.28 × 10-3, P = 1.45 × 10-10) were associated with humerus length. Tibiofemoral angle was negatively associated with childhood BMI (β = -3.60 × 10-1, P = 3.00 × 10-5) and adolescent BMI (β = -3.62 × 10-1, P = 2.68 × 10-3). In addition, genetically predicted levels of appendicular lean mass (β = 1.16 × 10-3, P = 1.49 × 10-13), whole body fat mass (β = 1.66 × 10-3, P = 1.35 × 10-9), waist circumference (β = 1.72 × 10-3, P = 6.93 × 10-8) and hip circumference (β =1.28 × 10-3, P = 4.43 × 10-6) were all associated with tibia length. However, we found no causal association between placental weight, birth weight and bone length/width. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale MR analysis explores changes in growth patterns in the length/width of major bone sites, highlighting the important role of childhood body shape in bone development and providing insights into factors that may drive bone maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Gu M, Wen M, Wu D, Xie T, Wang X. Independent associations of education, intelligence, and cognition with gastrointestinal diseases and the mediating effects of risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1342358. [PMID: 38410751 PMCID: PMC10894976 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Education, intelligence and cognition affect occupational performance and socioeconomic status and may influence virous diseases development. However, the impact of these factors on gastrointestinal diseases and their mediating risk factors remains unclear. Methods We utilized genome-wide association studies from European ancestry populations to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, aiming to estimate genetic instruments associated with education, intelligence, or cognition in relation to 24 gastrointestinal diseases Subsequently, we evaluated 14 potential mediators of this association and calculated the corresponding mediated proportions through two-step Mendelian randomization analyses. Result As the dominant factor in gastrointestinal diseases, education had a statistically significant association with 2 gastrointestinal diseases (acute pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux) and a suggestive association with 6 diseases (cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer). Of the 14 mediators, smoking and adiposity traits played a major role in mediating the effects. Conclusion The study demonstrated the causal, independent impact of education on specific gastrointestinal diseases. Smoking and adiposity traits emerged as primary mediators, illuminating potential avenues for targeted interventions for prevention of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yuan S, Leffler D, Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Larsson SC, Söderling J, Sun J, Ludvigsson JF. Older age of celiac disease diagnosis and risk of autoimmune disease: A nationwide matched case-control study. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103170. [PMID: 38286066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Celiac disease (CeD) has been linked to an increased risk of other autoimmune diseases, yet the impact of delayed CeD diagnosis on risk of developing additional autoimmune diseases remains uncertain. We investigated this through a nationwide matched case-control study. METHODS Using the ESPRESSO cohort with histophatology data from Sweden's 28 pathology departments, we assessed 46,575 biopsy-confirmed CeD cases from 1964 to 2017. We extracted 225,295 matched controls without histopathology information from the Swedish Total Population Register. Autoimmune disease was defined through diagnostic codes in the National Patient Register. Through conditional logistic regression we estimated odds ratio (OR) of autoimmune disease up until CeD diagnosis/matching date comparing CeD cases to controls across different age strata. RESULTS A total of 3059 (6.6 %) CeD patients and 4076 (1.8 %) controls had earlier autoimmune disease. The overall OR for autoimmune disease in CeD was 3.50 (95%CI 3.32-3.70). The risk of autoimmune disease did not escalate with increasing age at CeD diagnosis. Compared with controls, the OR of autoimmune disease in CeD patients was 7.70 (95%CI 4.71-12.57) in those diagnosed with CeD in 0-4 years, 19.02 (95%CI 13.80-26.23) in 5-9 years, 6.18 (95%CI 5.14-7.44) in 10-14 years, 4.80 (95%CI 3.97-5.79) in 15-19 years, 4.24 (95%CI 3.55-5.07) in 20-29 years, 4.65 (95%CI 3.93-5.51) in 30-39 years, 3.67 (95%CI 3.30-4.09) in 40-59 years, and 1.67 (95%CI 1.50-1.85) in ≥60 years. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed an increased risk of autoimmune disease among CeD patients compared with controls. However, older age at CeD diagnosis did not seem to escalate the risk of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Leffler
- The Celiac Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H R Green
- Departments of Medicine and Surgical Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Söderling
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiangwei Sun
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
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