1
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Conde RS, Torres Barroso L, Pérez Edighill SG, Yerien DE, Lantaño B, Baroncini M, Barata-Vallejo S, Postigo A. Photocatalytic Perfluoroalkylation of Disulfides and Diselenides. Syntheses of Perfluoroalkyl Thio- and Seleno-ethers. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39034469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of alkyl(aryl)-fluoroalkyl sulfanyl [R(Ar)-S-RF] and aryl-fluoroalkyl selenolyl (Ar-Se-RF) ethers through visible-light photocatalysis has been successfully carried out. This process involves disulfides, and diselenides [R(Ar)-X-X-R(Ar), where X = S or Se], and fluoroalkyl iodides (RF-I) in the presence of a base as an additive under photocatalysis. The photocatalyst Eosin Y and green light-emitting diodes are utilized for irradiation of R(Ar)-S-RF and Ar-Se-RF syntheses. Our method integrates low-energy visible-light photocatalysis, commercially available perfluoroalkylating reagents (RF-I), and easily obtainable disulfides and diselenides as starting materials. Mechanistic studies and a detailed synthetic procedure for (Ar)-S-RF on a large scale are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina S Conde
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Loydel Torres Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Sheila G Pérez Edighill
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Damian E Yerien
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Lantaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures - Istituto ISOF-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
- CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures - Istituto ISOF-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto per la Sintesis Organica e la Fotorreattivita, ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
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2
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Okanishi Y, Takemoto O, Kawahara S, Hayashi S, Takanami T, Yoshimitsu T. Red-Light-Promoted Radical Cascade Reaction to Access Tetralins and Dialins Enabled by Zinc(II)porphyrin, A Light-Flexible Catalyst. Org Lett 2024; 26:3929-3934. [PMID: 38669286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
[5,15-Bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato]zinc(II) (1), a metalloporphyrin derivative that was recently reported as an efficient photocatalyst driven by blue LEDs by our group, was found to catalyze a red-light-promoted (630 nm LEDs) radical cascade reaction of N-3-arylpropionyloxyphthalimides with radicophiles including electron-deficient alkenes and alkynes, providing access to a range of functionalized tetralin and dialin derivatives. The radical cascade reaction catalyzed by 1 took place via an oxidative quenching cycle in DMSO, where no sacrificial electron donor was required, uncovering a unique solvent effect capable of promoting the porphyrin catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okanishi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Otoki Takemoto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sanpou Kawahara
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Takanami
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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3
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Yamamoto H, Yamaoka K, Shinohara A, Shibata K, Takao KI, Ogura A. Red-light-mediated Barton decarboxylation reaction and one-pot wavelength-selective transformations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11243-11250. [PMID: 37860659 PMCID: PMC10583705 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In organic chemistry, selecting mild conditions for transformations and saving energy are increasingly important for achieving sustainable development goals. Herein, we describe a red-light-mediated Barton decarboxylation using readily available red-light-emitting diodes as the energy source and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin as the catalyst, avoiding explosive or hazardous reagents or external heating. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction probably proceeds via Dexter energy transfer between the activated catalyst and the Barton ester. Furthermore, a one-pot wavelength-selective reaction within the visible light range is developed in combination with a blue-light-mediated photoredox reaction, demonstrating the compatibility of two photochemical transformations based on mechanistic differences. This one-pot process expands the limits of the decarboxylative Giese reaction beyond polarity matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ann Shinohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kouhei Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Akihiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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4
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Schade AH, Mei L. Applications of red light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2472-2485. [PMID: 36880439 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as an efficient and versatile approach for developing novel synthetic methodologies. Particularly, red light photocatalysis has attracted more attention due to its intrinsic advantages of low energy, few health risks, few side reactions, and high penetration depth through various media. Impressive progress has been made in this field. In this review, we outline the applications of different photoredox catalysts in a wide range of red light-mediated reactions including direct red light photoredox catalysis, red light photoredox catalysis through upconversion, and dual red light photoredox catalysis. Due to the similarities between near-infrared (NIR) and red light, an overview of NIR-induced reactions is also presented. Lastly, current evidence showing the advantages of red light and NIR photoredox catalysis is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Schade
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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5
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Chernov GI, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Photocatalytic reactions of fluoroalkyl iodides with alkenes. Russ Chem Bull 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-023-3714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Connell TU. The forgotten reagent of photoredox catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13176-13188. [PMID: 35997070 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01491b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light powers an ever-expanding suite of reactions to both make and break chemical bonds under otherwise mild conditions. As a reagent in photochemical synthesis, light is obviously critical for reactivity but rarely optimized other than in light/dark controls. This Frontier Article presents an overview of recent research that investigates the unique ways light may be manipulated, and its unusual interactions with homogeneous transition metal and organic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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7
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Red Light-Based Dual Photoredox Strategy Resembling the Z-Scheme of Natural Photosynthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1488-1503. [PMID: 35783177 PMCID: PMC9241018 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis typically relies on the use of single chromophores, whereas strategies, in which two different light absorbers are combined, are rare. In photosystems I and II of green plants, the two separate chromophores P680 and P700 both absorb light independently of one another, and then their excitation energy is combined in the so-called Z-scheme, to drive an overall reaction that is thermodynamically very demanding. Here, we adapt this concept to perform photoredox reactions on organic substrates with the combined energy input of two red photons instead of blue or UV light. Specifically, a CuI bis(α-diimine) complex in combination with in situ formed 9,10-dicyanoanthracenyl radical anion in the presence of excess diisopropylethylamine catalyzes ca. 50 dehalogenation and detosylation reactions. This dual photoredox approach seems useful because red light is less damaging and has a greater penetration depth than blue or UV radiation. UV-vis transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the subtle change in solvent from acetonitrile to acetone induces a changeover in the reaction mechanism, involving either a dominant photoinduced electron transfer or a dominant triplet-triplet energy transfer pathway. Our study illustrates the mechanistic complexity in systems operating under multiphotonic excitation conditions, and it provides insights into how the competition between desirable and unwanted reaction steps can become more controllable.
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8
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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9
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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Moreno-Simoni M, Torres T, de la Torre G. Subphthalocyanine capsules: molecular reactors for photoredox transformations of fullerenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9249-9255. [PMID: 36092995 PMCID: PMC9384690 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01931k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal cavity formed by a dimeric subphthalocyanine (SubPc) capsule (SubPc2Pd3, 2), ensembled by coordination of pyridyl substituents in the monomeric SubPc 1 to Pd centers, has proved an optimal space for the complexation of C60 fullerene. Taking advantage of the intense absorption of green light of the SubPc component at around 550 nm, we have tested different green-light induced photoredox addition reactions over the double bonds of guest C60. Both addition of amine radicals, generated by reductive quenching of the excited state of 2 by aromatic trimethylsilylamines, and addition of trifluoroethyl radicals, obtained from oxidative quenching of the photosensitizer, have successfully taken place with good yields in the 2:C60 host:guest complex. On the other hand, both the photoredox reactions result in much lower yields when the monomeric pyridyl-SubPc is used as a photocatalyst, demonstrating that encapsulation results in a strong acceleration of the reaction. Importantly, this is the first example of the use of a confined microenvironment to trigger photoredox chemical transformations of fullerenes. A photoredox cage built by coordination of two pyridyl-subphthalocyanines to Pd centers has proved versatile and efficient to catalyze photoredox addition reactions over encapsulated C60.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Simoni
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ishikawa Y, Kameyama T, Torimoto T, Maeda H, Segi M, Furuyama T. Red-light-activatable ruthenium phthalocyanine catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13594-13597. [PMID: 34850783 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine ruthenium complexes were identified as red-light activatable catalysts for trifluoromethylation reactions. The red-light mediated chlorotrifluoromethylation of alkenes could proceed without any sacrificial reducing reagents. This reaction exhibited good compatibility with a blue-light-absorbing substrate, while under irradiation with blue light, i.e., under traditional photoreaction conditions, this substrate decomposed completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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12
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110491. [PMID: 34787359 PMCID: PMC9299816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The two‐electron reduced forms of perylene diimides (PDIs) are luminescent closed‐shell species whose photochemical properties seem underexplored. Our proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that straightforward (single) excitation of PDI dianions with green photons provides an excited state that is similarly or more reducing than the much shorter‐lived excited states of PDI radical monoanions, which are typically accessible after biphotonic excitation with blue photons. Thermodynamically demanding photocatalytic reductive dehalogenations and reductive C−O bond cleavage reactions of lignin model compounds have been performed using sodium dithionite acts as a reductant, either in aqueous solution or in biphasic water–acetonitrile mixtures in the presence of a phase transfer reagent. Our work illustrates the concept of multi‐electron reduction of a photocatalyst by a sacrificial reagent prior to irradiation with low‐energy photons as a means of generating very reactive excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Katsurayama Y, Ikabata Y, Maeda H, Segi M, Nakai H, Furuyama T. Direct Near Infrared Light-Activatable Phthalocyanine Catalysts. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103223. [PMID: 34734432 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The high penetration of near-infrared (NIR) light makes it effective for use in selective reactions under light-shielded conditions, such as in sealed reactors and deep tissues. Herein, we report the development of phthalocyanine catalysts directly activated by NIR light to transform small organic molecules. The desired photocatalytic properties were achieved in the phthalocyanines by introducing the appropriate peripheral substituents and central metal. These phthalocyanine photocatalysts promote cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) under irradiation with 810 nm NIR light. The choice of solvent is important, and a mixture of a reaction-accelerating (pyridine) and -decelerating (methanol) solvents was particularly effective. Moreover, we demonstrate photoreactions under visible-light-shielded conditions through the transmission of NIR light. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic analysis revealed that this NIR reaction does not involve a photoredox-type mechanism with electron transfer, but instead a singlet-oxygen-mediated mechanism with energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Katsurayama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Information and Media Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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14
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Sellet N, Cormier M, Goddard JP. The dark side of photocatalysis: near-infrared photoredox catalysis for organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Near-Infrared photoredox catalysis is now consider as the next evolution of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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15
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Liang Y, Taya A, Zhao Z, Saito N, Shibata N. Deoxyfluorination of acyl fluorides to trifluoromethyl compounds by FLUOLEAD ®/Olah's reagent under solvent-free conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:3052-3058. [PMID: 33414852 PMCID: PMC7753111 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new protocol enabling the formation of trifluoromethyl compounds from acyl fluorides has been developed. The combination of FLUOLEAD® and Olah's reagent in solvent-free conditions at 70 °C initiated the significant deoxyfluorination of the acyl fluorides and resulted in the corresponding trifluoromethyl products with high yields (up to 99%). This strategy showed a great tolerance for various acyl fluorides containing aryloyl, (heteroaryl)oyl, or aliphatic acyl moieties, providing good to excellent yields of the trifluoromethyl products. Synthetic drug-like molecules were also transformed into the corresponding trifluoromethyl compounds under the same reaction conditions. A reaction mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Akihito Taya
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Norimichi Saito
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd., Seavans North Bldg, 1-2-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8449, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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16
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Gianetti T, Mei L. Helical Carbenium Ion-Based Organic Photoredox Catalyst: A Versatile and Sustainable Option in Red-Light-Induced Reactions. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of a sustainable catalytic system for red-light-induced photocatalysis is presented. The catalytic system consists of a helical carbenium ion-based organic photoredox catalyst (PC) that is capable of using low-energy red light (λmax = 640 nm) for both photooxidations and photoreductions. Its successful applications in the aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids and in the oxidation of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds (reductive quenching), as well as in dual transition-metal/organocatalyzed C–H arylations and intermolecular atom-transfer radical additions (oxidative quenching) provide further support for its role as a versatile and efficient organic PC.1 Introduction2 Red-Light-Induced Photocatalysis3 Properties of N,N′-Dipropyl-1,13-dimethoxyquinacridinium Tetrafluoroborate4 Two Proposed Representative Catalytic Cycles of [
n
Pr-DMQA+][BF4
–]5 Applications of [
n
Pr-DMQA+][BF4
–] in Red-Light-Induced Photocatalysis6 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona
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17
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Propagation chains in photocatalyzed radical nucleophilic substitutions of thiolates with perfluoroalkyl groups. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Ogura A, Ichii N, Shibata K, Takao KI. Red-Light-Mediated Barton–McCombie Reaction. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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19
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Mei L, Veleta JM, Gianetti TL. Helical Carbenium Ion: A Versatile Organic Photoredox Catalyst for Red-Light-Mediated Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12056-12061. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - José M. Veleta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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20
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Koike T. Frontiers in Radical Fluoromethylation by Visible‐Light Organic Photocatalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koike
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology R1-27, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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21
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Yang HB, Wang ZH, Li JM, Wu C. Modular synthesis of α-aryl β-perfluoroalkyl ketones via N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3801-3804. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy of assembling alkene, aldehyde and perfluoroalkyl reagents under the catalysis of an N-heterocyclic carbene afforded valuable α-aryl β-perfluoroalkyl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
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22
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Yerien DE, Barata-Vallejo S, Mora Flores EW, Postigo A. The role of photocatalysts in radical chains in homolytic aromatic substitution, radical addition to olefins, and nucleophilic radical substitution mechanisms. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Initiation, propagation and chain termination steps in oxidative and reductive quenching cycles for the photoinitiated perfluoroalkylation reaction of an olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E. Yerien
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-Junín 954
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Sebastián Barata-Vallejo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-Junín 954
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
| | - Erwin W. Mora Flores
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-Junín 954
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica-Junín 954
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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23
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Yerien DE, Cooke MV, García Vior MC, Barata-Vallejo S, Postigo A. Radical fluoroalkylation reactions of (hetero)arenes and sulfides under red light photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3741-3746. [PMID: 30920572 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00486f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylation reactions of (hetero)aromatics have been accomplished through the low-power illumination from red LEDs (λmax = 635 nm) of commercially available perfluoroalkyl iodides RF-I and phthalocyanine zinc salt as photocatalyst in MeCN : DMF solvent mixture. This methodology has been extended to the perfluorobutylation of sulfides. As far as we are concerned, this is the first report on a perfluoroalkylation reaction of (hetero)aromatics and sulfides under red-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Yerien
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 956, CP 1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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He D, Guo Y, Chen QY, Yang H, Lv T. Visible light promoted iodofluoroalkylation of alkenes with iodo-3-oxaperfluoroalkanesulphonates. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Iqbal N, Iqbal N, Han SS, Cho EJ. Synthesis of fluoroalkylated alkynes via visible-light photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1758-1762. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylated alkynes, which are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of various biologically active organofluorine compounds, were synthesized from easily available alkynyl halides and fluoroalkyl halides by visible-light photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Seoul 06974
- Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Seoul 06974
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Seoul 06974
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung-Ang University
- Seoul 06974
- Republic of Korea
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Postigo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica.; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Junín 954 CP 1113 Buenos Aires Argentina
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27
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Noto N, Tanaka Y, Koike T, Akita M. Strongly Reducing (Diarylamino)anthracene Catalyst for Metal-Free Visible-Light Photocatalytic Fluoroalkylation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Barata-Vallejo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Cooke
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Mori S, Wang J, Tokunaga E, Shiro M, Matsumoto T, Tsuzuki S, Shibata N. Trifluoroethoxy-Coated Subphthalocyanines Attract Small Arenes in Their π-Concave Cavity. Chempluschem 2018; 83:95-98. [PMID: 31957336 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallographic analyses of a series of trifluoroethoxy-substituted subphthalocyanines disclosed that a molecule of toluene is clasped at the center of the molecular concave cavity. Twelve trifluoroethoxy substituents, which flexibly surround the toluene molecule to hold it on the 14 π-electron-conjugated surface of the subphthalocyanines, can also catch a molecule of benzene. In contrast, a nonsubstituted subphthalocyanine does not show the same phenomena, and two subphthalocyanine units are required to maintain a small aromatic compound in their concave cavity. DFT calculations of the complexes were conducted to better understand the arene clathrates. Trifluoroethoxy-substituted subphthalocyanines can be used to prepare arene clathrates as a result of their concave space. This is a unique approach to obtaining X-ray crystal structures of small noncrystalline aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mori
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Motoo Shiro
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Research Center for Computational Design, of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenu, 321004, Jinhua, China
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30
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Beniazza R, Remisse L, Jardel D, Lastécouères D, Vincent JM. Light-mediated iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes/alkynes catalyzed by chloride ions: role of halogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7451-7454. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02765j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic amount of chloride ions greatly facilitates the UVA-mediated iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Beniazza
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Lionel Remisse
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Damien Jardel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Vincent
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence
- France
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31
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Wang N, Wang J, Guo YL, Li L, Sun Y, Li Z, Zhang HX, Guo Z, Li ZL, Liu XY. Oximinotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes under ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8885-8888. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oximinotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes was developed via trifluoromethyl radical-induced intramolecular remote oximino migration under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Yu-Long Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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32
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Trifluoroethoxy-Coated Phthalocyanine Catalyzes Perfluoroalkylation of Alkenes under Visible-Light Irradiation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071130. [PMID: 28686205 PMCID: PMC6152348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We disclose herein the perfluoroalkylation of alkenes catalyzed by trifluoroethoxy-coated zinc phthalocyanine under irradiation of visible light. Perfluoroalkyl iodides were nicely incorporated into unsaturated substrates, including alkyne, to provide perfluoroalkyl and iodide adducts in moderate to good yields. Trifluoromethylation is also possible by trifluoromethyl iodide under the same reaction conditions. The mechanistic study is discussed.
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33
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Matsuzaki K, Hiromura T, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Trifluoroethoxy-Coated Subphthalocyanine affects Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes and Alkynes even under Low-Energy Red-Light Irradiation. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:226-230. [PMID: 28413756 PMCID: PMC5390801 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoredox chemical reactions induced by visible light have undergone a renaissance in recent years. Polypyridyl dyes such as Ir(ppy)3 and Ru(bpy)3 are key catalysts in this event, and blue- or white-light irradiation is required for the chemical transformations. However, it remains a challenge to achieve reactions under the lower energy of red light. We disclose, herein, that trifluoroethoxy-coated subphthalocyanine realizes the red-light-driven trifluoromethylation of alkenes and alkynes with trifluoromethyl iodide in good-to-high yields. Perfluoroalkylations were also achieved under red light. The reaction mechanism is discussed with the support of UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry of trifluoroethoxy-coated subphthalocyanine. Light irradiation/dark study also supports the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsuzaki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
| | - Tomoya Hiromura
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-kuNagoya466–8555Japan
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