1
|
Jagtap AP, Mamone S, Glöggler S. Molecular precursors to produce para-hydrogen enhanced metabolites at any field. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:674-680. [PMID: 37821237 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing magnetic resonance signal via hyperpolarization techniques enables the real-time detection of metabolic transformations even in vivo. The use of para-hydrogen to enhance 13 C-enriched metabolites has opened a rapid pathway for the production of hyperpolarized metabolites, which usually requires specialized equipment. Metabolite precursors that can be hyperpolarized and converted into metabolites at any given field would open up opportunities for many labs to make use of this technology because already existing hardware could be used. We report here on the complete synthesis and hyperpolarization of suitable precursor molecules of the side-arm hydrogenation approach. The better accessibility to such side-arms promises that the para-hydrogen approach can be implemented in every lab with existing two channel NMR spectrometers for 1 H and 13 C independent of the magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brahms A, Pravdivtsev AN, Thorns L, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener JB, Herges R. Exceptionally Mild and High-Yielding Synthesis of Vinyl Esters of Alpha-Ketocarboxylic Acids, Including Vinyl Pyruvate, for Parahydrogen-Enhanced Metabolic Spectroscopy and Imaging. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15018-15028. [PMID: 37824795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes often occur long before pathologies manifest and treatment becomes challenging. As key elements of energy metabolism, α-ketocarboxylic acids (α-KCA) are particularly interesting, e.g., as the upregulation of pyruvate to lactate conversion is a hallmark of cancer (Warburg effect). Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized metabolites has enabled imaging of this effect non-invasively and in vivo, allowing the early detection of cancerous tissue and its treatment. Hyperpolarization by means of dynamic nuclear polarization, however, is complex, slow, and expensive, while available precursors often limit parahydrogen-based alternatives. Here, we report the synthesis for novel 13C, deuterated ketocarboxylic acids, and a much-improved synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pruvate-d6, arguably the most promising tracer for hyperpolarizing pyruvate using parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization by side arm hydrogenation. The new synthesis is scalable and provides a high yield of 52%. We elucidated the mechanism of our Pd-catalyzed trans-vinylation reaction. Hydrogenation with parahydrogen allowed us to monitor the addition, which was found to depend on the electron demand of the vinyl ester. Electron-poor α-keto vinyl esters react slower than "normal" alkyl vinyl esters. This synthesis of 13C, deuterated α-ketocarboxylic acids opens up an entirely new class of biomolecules for fast and cost-efficient hyperpolarization with parahydrogen and their use for metabolic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Brahms
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Thorns
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ellermann F, Sirbu A, Brahms A, Assaf C, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Spying on parahydrogen-induced polarization transfer using a half-tesla benchtop MRI and hyperpolarized imaging enabled by automation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4774. [PMID: 37553405 PMCID: PMC10409769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization is a quantum effect that enhances the nuclear magnetic resonance signal by several orders of magnitude and has enabled real-time metabolic imaging in humans. However, the translation of hyperpolarization technology into routine use in laboratories and medical centers is hampered by the lack of portable, cost-effective polarizers that are not commercially available. Here, we present a portable, automated polarizer based on parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) at an intermediate magnetic field of 0.5 T (achieved by permanent magnets). With a footprint of 1 m2, we demonstrate semi-continuous, fully automated 1H hyperpolarization of ethyl acetate-d6 and ethyl pyruvate-d6 to P = 14.4% and 16.2%, respectively, and a 13C polarization of 1-13C-ethyl pyruvate-d6 of P = 7%. The duty cycle for preparing a dose is no more than 1 min. To reveal the full potential of 1H hyperpolarization in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we convert the anti-phase PHIP signals into in-phase peaks, thereby increasing the SNR by a factor of 5. Using a spin-echo approach allowed us to observe the evolution of spin order distribution in real time while conserving the expensive reagents for reaction monitoring, imaging and potential in vivo usage. This compact polarizer will allow us to pursue the translation of hyperpolarized MRI towards in vivo applications further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aidan Sirbu
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charbel Assaf
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding Y, Stevanato G, von Bonin F, Kube D, Glöggler S. Real-time cell metabolism assessed repeatedly on the same cells via para-hydrogen induced polarization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7642-7647. [PMID: 37476713 PMCID: PMC10355108 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal-enhanced or hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy stands out as a unique tool to monitor real-time enzymatic reactions in living cells. The singlet state of para-hydrogen is thereby one source of spin order that can be converted into largely enhanced signals of e.g. metabolites. Here, we have investigated a parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) approach as a biological assay for in vitro cellular metabolic characterization. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to perform consecutive measurements yielding metabolic information on the same sample. We observed a strongly reduced pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate (flux) of a Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer cell line L1236 treated with FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) affecting the amount of NAD+ and thus NADH in cells. In the consecutive measurement the flux was recovered by NADH to the same amount as in the single-measurement-per-sample and provides a promising new analytical tool for continuous real-time studies combinable with bioreactors and lab-on-a-chip devices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Ding
- Group of NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- Group of NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Frederike von Bonin
- Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert-Koch-Str. 40 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology University Medical Center Göttingen Robert-Koch-Str. 40 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Group of NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stevanato G, Ding Y, Mamone S, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Glöggler S. Real-Time Pyruvate Chemical Conversion Monitoring Enabled by PHIP. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5864-5871. [PMID: 36857108 PMCID: PMC10021011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, parahydrogen-induced polarization side arm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) has been applied to hyperpolarize [1-13C]pyruvate and map its metabolic conversion to [1-13C]lactate in cancer cells. Developing on our recent MINERVA pulse sequence protocol, in which we have achieved 27% [1-13C]pyruvate carbon polarization, we demonstrate the hyperpolarization of [1,2-13C]pyruvate (∼7% polarization on each 13C spin) via PHIP-SAH. By altering a single parameter in the pulse sequence, MINERVA enables the signal enhancement of C1 and/or C2 in [1,2-13C]pyruvate with the opposite phase, which allows for the simultaneous monitoring of different chemical reactions with enhanced spectral contrast or for the same reaction via different carbon sites. We first demonstrate the ability to monitor the same enzymatic pyruvate to lactate conversion at 7T in an aqueous solution, in vitro, and in-cell (HeLa cells) via different carbon sites. In a second set of experiments, we use the C1 and C2 carbon positions as spectral probes for simultaneous chemical reactions: the production of acetate, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbonate by reacting [1,2-13C]pyruvate with H2O2 at a high temperature (55 °C). Importantly, we detect and characterize the intermediate 2-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxypropanoate in real time and at high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stevanato
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yonghong Ding
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Street 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marshall A, Salhov A, Gierse M, Müller C, Keim M, Lucas S, Parker A, Scheuer J, Vassiliou C, Neumann P, Jelezko F, Retzker A, Blanchard JW, Schwartz I, Knecht S. Radio-Frequency Sweeps at Microtesla Fields for Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Biomolecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2125-2132. [PMID: 36802642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of 13C-labeled metabolites enhanced by parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) enables real-time monitoring of processes within the body. We introduce a robust, easily implementable technique for transferring parahydrogen-derived singlet order into 13C magnetization using adiabatic radio frequency sweeps at microtesla fields. We experimentally demonstrate the applicability of this technique to several molecules, including some molecules relevant for metabolic imaging, where we show significant improvements in the achievable polarization, in some cases reaching above 60% nuclear spin polarization. Furthermore, we introduce a site-selective deuteration scheme, where deuterium is included in the coupling network of a pyruvate ester to enhance the efficiency of the polarization transfer. These improvements are enabled by the fact that the transfer protocol avoids relaxation induced by strongly coupled quadrupolar nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Marshall
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alon Salhov
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Martin Gierse
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Keim
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anna Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fedor Jelezko
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics (IQO) and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alex Retzker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saul P, Schröder L, Schmidt AB, Hövener JB. Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1879. [PMID: 36781151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in the development and application of hyperpolarized materials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this context they can not only act as hyperpolarized materials which are directly imaged but also play a role as carriers for hyperpolarized gases and catalysts for para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) to generate hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging. Those three application possibilities are discussed, focusing on carbon-based materials for the directly imaged particles. An overview over recent developments in all three fields is given, including the early developments in each field as well as important steps towards applications in MRI, such as making the initially developed methods more biocompatible and first imaging experiments with spatial resolution in either phantoms or in vivo studies. Focusing on the important features nanomaterials need to display to be applicable in the MRI context, a wide range of different approaches to that extent is covered, giving the reader a general idea of different possibilities as well as recent developments in those different fields of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hune T, Mamone S, Schroeder H, Jagtap AP, Sternkopf S, Stevanato G, Korchak S, Fokken C, Müller CA, Schmidt AB, Becker D, Glöggler S. Metabolic Tumor Imaging with Rapidly Signal-Enhanced 1- 13 C-Pyruvate-d 3. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200615. [PMID: 36106366 PMCID: PMC10092681 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of malignant cells differs significantly from that of healthy cells and thus, it is possible to perform metabolic imaging to reveal not only the exact location of a tumor, but also intratumoral areas of high metabolic activity. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of metabolic tumor imaging using signal-enhanced 1-13 C-pyruvate-d3 , which is rapidly enhanced via para-hydrogen, and thus, the signal is amplified by several orders of magnitudes in less than a minute. Using as a model, human melanoma xenografts injected with signal-enhanced 1-13 C-pyruvate-d3, we show that the conversion of pyruvate into lactate can be monitored along with its kinetics, which could pave the way for rapidly detecting and monitoring changes in tumor metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hune
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Henning Schroeder
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Sonja Sternkopf
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stevanato
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fokken
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph A Müller
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dorothea Becker
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttigen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmidt AB, de Maissin H, Adelabu I, Nantogma S, Ettedgui J, TomHon P, Goodson BM, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Catalyst-Free Aqueous Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate Obtained by Re-Dissolution Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3430-3439. [PMID: 36379005 PMCID: PMC9983023 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite great successes in oncology, patient outcomes are often still discouraging, and hence the diagnostic imaging paradigm is increasingly shifting toward functional imaging of the pathology to better understand individual disease biology and to personalize therapies. The dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (d-DNP) hyperpolarization method has enabled unprecedented real-time MRI sensing of metabolism and tissue pH using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate as a biosensor with great potential for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients. However, current d-DNP is expensive and suffers from long hyperpolarization times, posing a substantial translational roadblock. Here, we report the development of Re-Dissolution Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (Re-D SABRE), which relies on fast and low-cost hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate by chemical exchange with parahydrogen at microtesla magnetic fields. [1-13C]pyruvate is precipitated from catalyst-containing methanol using ethyl acetate and rapidly reconstituted in aqueous media. 13C polarization of 9 ± 1% is demonstrated after redissolution in water with residual iridium mass fraction of 8.5 ± 1.5 ppm; further improvement is anticipated via process automation. Re-D SABRE makes hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate biosensor available at a fraction of the cost (<$10,000) and production time (≈1 min) of currently used techniques and makes aqueous hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate "ready" for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Henri de Maissin
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, United States
- Vizma Life Sciences LLC, Durham, NC 27707-3669, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parahydrogen-induced polarization and spin order transfer in ethyl pyruvate at high magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19361. [PMID: 36371512 PMCID: PMC9653431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Brahms A, Ellermann F, Stamp T, Herges R, Hövener JB. Parahydrogen-induced polarization and spin order transfer in ethyl pyruvate at high magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19361. [PMID: 36371512 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1807976/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance has experienced great advances in developing and translating hyperpolarization methods into procedures for fundamental and clinical studies. Here, we propose the use of a wide-bore NMR for large-scale (volume- and concentration-wise) production of hyperpolarized media using parahydrogen-induced polarization. We discuss the benefits of radio frequency-induced parahydrogen spin order transfer, we show that 100% polarization is theoretically expected for homogeneous B0 and B1 magnetic fields for a three-spin system. Moreover, we estimated that the efficiency of spin order transfer is not significantly reduced when the B1 inhomogeneity is below ± 5%; recommendations for the sample size and RF coils are also given. With the latest breakthrough in the high-yield synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pyruvate and its deuterated isotopologues, the high-field PHIP-SAH will gain increased attention. Some remaining challenges will be addressed shortly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Stamp
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Pravdivtsev AN, Them K, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY, Koptyug IV. Through-Space Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement Induced by Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15010-15017. [PMID: 36264746 PMCID: PMC10007960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (i.e., polarized far beyond the thermal equilibrium) nuclear spins can result in the radiofrequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) effect. Here, we show the utility of RASER to amplify nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of solute and solvent molecules in the liquid state. Specifically, parahydrogen-induced RASER was used to spontaneously enhance nuclear spin polarization of protons and heteronuclei (here 19F and 31P) in a wide range of molecules. The magnitude of the effect correlates with the T1 relaxation time of the target nuclear spins. A series of control experiments validate the through-space dipolar mechanism of the RASER-assisted polarization transfer between the parahydrogen-polarized compound and to-be-hyperpolarized nuclei of the target molecule. Frequency-selective saturation of the RASER-active resonances was used to control the RASER and the amplitude of spontaneous polarization transfer. Spin dynamics simulations support our experimental RASER studies. The enhanced NMR sensitivity may benefit various NMR applications such as mixture analysis, metabolomics, and structure determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brahms A, Pravdivtsev AN, Stamp T, Ellermann F, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener J, Herges R. Synthesis of 13 C and 2 H Labeled Vinyl Pyruvate and Hyperpolarization of Pyruvate. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201210. [PMID: 35905033 PMCID: PMC9804285 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization of nuclear spins has enabled unique applications in chemistry, biophysics, and particularly metabolic imaging. Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) offers a fast and cost-efficient way of hyperpolarization. Nevertheless, PHIP lags behind dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which is already being evaluated in clinical studies. This shortcoming is mainly due to problems in the synthesis of the corresponding PHIP precursor molecules. The most widely used DNP tracer in clinical studies, particularly for the detection of prostate cancer, is 1-13 C-pyruvate. The ideal derivative for PHIP is the deuterated vinyl ester because the spin physics allows for 100 % polarization. Unfortunately, there is no efficient synthesis for vinyl esters of β-ketocarboxylic acids in general and pyruvate in particular. Here, we present an efficient new method for the preparation of vinyl esters, including 13 C labeled, fully deuterated vinyl pyruvate using a palladium-catalyzed procedure. Using 50 % enriched parahydrogen and mild reaction conditions, a 13 C polarization of 12 % was readily achieved; 36 % are expected with 100 % pH2 . Higher polarization values can be potentially achieved with optimized reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Tim Stamp
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Theillet FX, Luchinat E. In-cell NMR: Why and how? PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 132-133:1-112. [PMID: 36496255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been applied to cells and tissues analysis since its beginnings, as early as 1950. We have attempted to gather here in a didactic fashion the broad diversity of data and ideas that emerged from NMR investigations on living cells. Covering a large proportion of the periodic table, NMR spectroscopy permits scrutiny of a great variety of atomic nuclei in all living organisms non-invasively. It has thus provided quantitative information on cellular atoms and their chemical environment, dynamics, or interactions. We will show that NMR studies have generated valuable knowledge on a vast array of cellular molecules and events, from water, salts, metabolites, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and drug targets, to pH, redox equilibria and chemical reactions. The characterization of such a multitude of objects at the atomic scale has thus shaped our mental representation of cellular life at multiple levels, together with major techniques like mass-spectrometry or microscopies. NMR studies on cells has accompanied the developments of MRI and metabolomics, and various subfields have flourished, coined with appealing names: fluxomics, foodomics, MRI and MRS (i.e. imaging and localized spectroscopy of living tissues, respectively), whole-cell NMR, on-cell ligand-based NMR, systems NMR, cellular structural biology, in-cell NMR… All these have not grown separately, but rather by reinforcing each other like a braided trunk. Hence, we try here to provide an analytical account of a large ensemble of intricately linked approaches, whose integration has been and will be key to their success. We present extensive overviews, firstly on the various types of information provided by NMR in a cellular environment (the "why", oriented towards a broad readership), and secondly on the employed NMR techniques and setups (the "how", where we discuss the past, current and future methods). Each subsection is constructed as a historical anthology, showing how the intrinsic properties of NMR spectroscopy and its developments structured the accessible knowledge on cellular phenomena. Using this systematic approach, we sought i) to make this review accessible to the broadest audience and ii) to highlight some early techniques that may find renewed interest. Finally, we present a brief discussion on what may be potential and desirable developments in the context of integrative studies in biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, and Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mamone S, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Ding Y, Sternkopf S, Glöggler S. A Field‐Independent Method for the Rapid Generation of Hyperpolarized [1‐
13
C]Pyruvate in Clean Water Solutions for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206298. [PMID: 35723041 PMCID: PMC9543135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mamone
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG NMR Signal Enhancement Group Von-Siebold-Straße 3 A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Anil P. Jagtap
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG NMR Signal Enhancement Group Von-Siebold-Straße 3 A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG NMR Signal Enhancement Group Von-Siebold-Straße 3 A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Yonghong Ding
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG NMR Signal Enhancement Group Von-Siebold-Straße 3 A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sonja Sternkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG NMR Signal Enhancement Group Von-Siebold-Straße 3 A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG NMR Signal Enhancement Group Von-Siebold-Straße 3 A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mamone S, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Ding Y, Sternkopf S, Glöggler S. A Field‐Independent Method for the Rapid Generation of Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]Pyruvate in Clean Water Solutions for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mamone
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences - Fassberg Campus: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften NMR Signal Enhancement GERMANY
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften NMR Signal Enhancement GERMANY
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften NMR Signal Enhancement GERMANY
| | - Yonghong Ding
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften NMR Signal Enhancement GERMANY
| | - Sonja Sternkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften NMR Signal Enhancement GERMANY
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry NMR Signal Enhancement Group Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buntkowsky G, Theiss F, Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Wienands L, Kiryutin A, Yurkovskaya A. Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12477-12506. [PMID: 35480380 PMCID: PMC9039419 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are analytical and diagnostic tools that are essential for a very broad field of applications, ranging from chemical analytics, to non-destructive testing of materials and the investigation of molecular dynamics, to in vivo medical diagnostics and drug research. One of the major challenges in their application to many problems is the inherent low sensitivity of magnetic resonance, which results from the small energy-differences of the nuclear spin-states. At thermal equilibrium at room temperature the normalized population difference of the spin-states, called the Boltzmann polarization, is only on the order of 10-5. Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, which has widespread applications in Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Medical Imaging. PHIP creates its signal-enhancements by means of a reversible (SABRE) or irreversible (classic PHIP) chemical reaction between the parahydrogen, a catalyst, and a substrate. Here, we first give a short overview about parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques and then review the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of the PHIP experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Symmetry Constraints on Spin Order Transfer in Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP). Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the association of parahydrogen (pH2) with an unsaturated molecule or a transient metalorganic complex can enhance the intensity of NMR signals; the effect is known as parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). During recent decades, numerous methods were proposed for converting pH2-derived nuclear spin order to the observable magnetization of protons or other nuclei of interest, usually 13C or 15N. Here, we analyze the constraints imposed by the topological symmetry of the spin systems on the amplitude of transferred polarization. We find that in asymmetric systems, heteronuclei can be polarized to 100%. However, the amplitude drops to 75% in A2BX systems and further to 50% in A3B2X systems. The latter case is of primary importance for biological applications of PHIP using sidearm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH). If the polarization is transferred to the same type of nuclei, i.e., 1H, symmetry constraints impose significant boundaries on the spin-order distribution. For AB, A2B, A3B, A2B2, AA’(AA’) systems, the maximum average polarization for each spin is 100%, 50%, 33.3%, 25%, and 0, respectively, (where A and B (or A’) came from pH2). Remarkably, if the polarization of all spins in a molecule is summed up, the total polarization grows asymptotically with ~1.27 and can exceed 2 in the absence of symmetry constraints (where is the number of spins). We also discuss the effect of dipole–dipole-induced pH2 spin-order distribution in heterogeneous catalysis or nematic liquid crystals. Practical examples from the literature illustrate our theoretical analysis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Quasi-continuous production of highly hyperpolarized carbon-13 contrast agents every 15 seconds within an MRI system. Commun Chem 2022; 5:21. [PMID: 36697573 PMCID: PMC9814607 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized contrast agents (HyCAs) have enabled unprecedented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of metabolism and pH in vivo. Producing HyCAs with currently available methods, however, is typically time and cost intensive. Here, we show virtually-continuous production of HyCAs using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), without stand-alone polarizer, but using a system integrated in an MRI instead. Polarization of ≈2% for [1-13C]succinate-d2 or ≈19% for hydroxyethyl-[1-13C]propionate-d3 was created every 15 s, for which fast, effective, and well-synchronized cycling of chemicals and reactions in conjunction with efficient spin-order transfer was key. We addressed these challenges using a dedicated, high-pressure, high-temperature reactor with integrated water-based heating and a setup operated via the MRI pulse program. As PHIP of several biologically relevant HyCAs has recently been described, this Rapid-PHIP technique promises fast preclinical studies, repeated administration or continuous infusion within a single lifetime of the agent, as well as a prolonged window for observation with signal averaging and dynamic monitoring of metabolic alterations.
Collapse
|
20
|
New aspects of parahydrogen-induced polarization for C2—C3 hydrocarbons using metal complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Saul P, Mamone S, Glöggler S. Hyperpolarization of 15N in an amino acid derivative. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2282-2286. [PMID: 35425247 PMCID: PMC8979135 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique which can be used to significantly enhance the signal in NMR experiments. In recent years, the possibility to enhance the NMR signal of heteronuclei by the use of para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) has gained attention, especially in the area of possible applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein we introduce a way to synthesize a fully deuterated, 15N labelled amino acid derivative and the possibility to polarize the 15N by means of hydrogenation with para-hydrogen to a polarization level of 0.18%. The longevity of the polarization with a longitudinal relaxation time of more than a minute can allow for the observation of dynamic processes and metabolic imaging in vivo. In addition, we observe the phenomenon of proton–deuterium exchange with a homogeneous catalyst leading to signal enhanced allyl moeities in the precursor. A perdeuterated, 15N-labeled derivative of the amino acid glycine has been synthesized and polarized by means of para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP).![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37 077 Göttingen Germany +49 551 3961 108.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straßze 3A 37 075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37 077 Göttingen Germany +49 551 3961 108.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straßze 3A 37 075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37 077 Göttingen Germany +49 551 3961 108.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straßze 3A 37 075 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schmidt AB, Bowers CR, Buckenmaier K, Chekmenev EY, de Maissin H, Eills J, Ellermann F, Glöggler S, Gordon JW, Knecht S, Koptyug IV, Kuhn J, Pravdivtsev AN, Reineri F, Theis T, Them K, Hövener JB. Instrumentation for Hydrogenative Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization Techniques. Anal Chem 2022; 94:479-502. [PMID: 34974698 PMCID: PMC8784962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institutefor Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jule Kuhn
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Nizza 52, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schmidt AB, Brahms A, Ellermann F, Knecht S, Berner S, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Selective excitation of hydrogen doubles the yield and improves the robustness of parahydrogen-induced polarization of low-γ nuclei. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26645-26652. [PMID: 34846056 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new method for pulsed spin order transfer of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) that enables high polarization in incompletely 2H-labeled molecules by exciting only the desired protons in a frequency-selective manner. This way, the effect of selected J-couplings is suspended. Experimentally 1.25% 13C polarization were obtained for 1-13C-ethyl pyruvate and 50% pH2 at 9.4 Tesla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuen-heimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Berner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Schmidt AB. Frequency-Selective Manipulations of Spins allow Effective and Robust Transfer of Spin Order from Parahydrogen to Heteronuclei in Weakly-Coupled Spin Systems. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100721. [PMID: 34874086 PMCID: PMC9306892 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a selectively pulsed (SP) generation of sequences to transfer the spin order of parahydrogen (pH2) to heteronuclei in weakly coupled spin systems. We analyze and discuss the mechanism and efficiency of SP spin order transfer (SOT) and derive sequence parameters. These new sequences are most promising for the hyperpolarization of molecules at high magnetic fields. SP‐SOT is effective and robust despite the symmetry of the 1H‐13C J‐couplings even when precursor molecules are not completely labeled with deuterium. As only one broadband 1H pulse is needed per sequence, which can be replaced for instance by a frequency‐modulated pulse, lower radiofrequency (RF) power is required. This development will be useful to hyperpolarize (new) agents and to perform the hyperpolarization within the bore of an MRI system, where the limited RF power has been a persistent problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Kempf N, Plaumann M, Bernarding J, Scheffler K, Hövener JB, Buckenmaier K. Coherent Evolution of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Two Alternating Fields (alt-SABRE). Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2381-2386. [PMID: 34546634 PMCID: PMC9292956 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parahydrogen (pH2) is a convenient and cost‐efficient source of spin order to enhance the magnetic resonance signal. Previous work showed that transient interaction of pH2 with a metal organic complex in a signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) experiment enabled more than 10 % polarization for some 15N molecules. Here, we analyzed a variant of SABRE, consisting of a magnetic field alternating between a low field of ∼1 μT, where polarization transfer is expected to take place, and a higher field >50 μT (alt‐SABRE). These magnetic fields affected the amplitude and frequency of polarization transfer. Deviation of a lower magnetic field from a “perfect” condition of level anti‐crossing increases the frequency of polarization transfer that can be exploited for polarization of short‐lived transient SABRE complexes. Moreover, the coherences responsible for polarization transfer at a lower field persisted during magnetic field variation and continued their spin evolution at higher field with a frequency of 2.5 kHz at 54 μT. The latter should be taken into consideration for an efficient alt‐SABRE. Theoretical and experimental findings were exemplified with Iridium N‐heterocyclic carbene SABRE complex and 15N‐acetonitrole, where a 30 % higher 15N polarization with alt‐SABRE compared to common SABRE was reached.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kempf
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Building 02, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Building 02, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Buntkowsky G, Duckett SB, Koptyug IV, Hövener J. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23496-23507. [PMID: 33635601 PMCID: PMC8596608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become a universal method for biochemical and biomedical studies, including metabolomics, proteomics, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By increasing the signal of selected molecules, the hyperpolarization of nuclear spin has expanded the reach of NMR and MRI even further (e.g. hyperpolarized solid-state NMR and metabolic imaging in vivo). Parahydrogen (pH2 ) offers a fast and cost-efficient way to achieve hyperpolarization, and the last decade has seen extensive advances, including the synthesis of new tracers, catalysts, and transfer methods. The portfolio of hyperpolarized molecules now includes amino acids, which are of great interest for many applications. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature and developments in the hyperpolarization of amino acids and peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)Kiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Technical University DarmstadtEduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical ChemistryAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 864287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography CenterSB RAS3A Institutskaya st.630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University2 Pirogova st.630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)Kiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Buntkowsky G, Duckett SB, Koptyug IV, Hövener J. Parawasserstoff‐induzierte Polarisation von Aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Kiel University Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Technical University Darmstadt Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) Department of Chemistry University of York, Heslington York YO10 5NY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya st. 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova st. 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Kiel University Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Korchak S, Kaltschnee L, Dervisoglu R, Andreas L, Griesinger C, Glöggler S. Spontaneous Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Signals Using a RASER. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20984-20990. [PMID: 34289241 PMCID: PMC8518078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance is usually drastically limited by its intrinsically low sensitivity: Only a few spins contribute to the overall signal. To overcome this limitation, hyperpolarization methods were developed that increase signals several times beyond the normal/thermally polarized signals. The ideal case would be a universal approach that can signal enhance the complete sample of interest in solution to increase detection sensitivity. Here, we introduce a combination of para-hydrogen enhanced magnetic resonance with the phenomenon of the RASER: Large signals of para-hydrogen enhanced molecules interact with the magnetic resonance coil in a way that the signal is spontaneously converted into an in-phase signal. These molecules directly interact with other compounds via dipolar couplings and enhance their signal. We demonstrate that this is not only possible for solvent molecules but also for an amino acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMGVon-Siebold-Str. 3A37075GöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- NMR Signal Enhancement GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMGVon-Siebold-Str. 3A37075GöttingenGermany
| | - Riza Dervisoglu
- Research Group for Solid State NMRMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Loren Andreas
- Research Group for Solid State NMRMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural BiologyMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMGVon-Siebold-Str. 3A37075GöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Korchak S, Kaltschnee L, Dervisoglu R, Andreas L, Griesinger C, Glöggler S. Spontaneous Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Signals Using a RASER. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Riza Dervisoglu
- Research Group for Solid State NMR Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Loren Andreas
- Research Group for Solid State NMR Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Ellermann F, Hövener JB. Selective excitation doubles the transfer of parahydrogen-induced polarization to heteronuclei. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14146-14150. [PMID: 34169957 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01891d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new pulse sequence to transform the spin order added to a molecule after the pairwise addition of parahydrogen into 13C polarization. Using a selective 90° preparation instead of a non-selective 45° excitation, the new variant performed twice as well as previous implementations in both simulations and experiments, exemplified with hyperpolarized ethyl acetate. This concept is expected to extend to other nuclei and other spin order transfer schemes that use non-selective excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, Kiel, 24118, Germany.
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, Kiel, 24118, Germany.
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, Kiel, 24118, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Shchepin RV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Heterogeneous 1 H and 13 C Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Acetate and Pyruvate Esters. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1389-1396. [PMID: 33929077 PMCID: PMC8249325 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of [1-13 C]hyperpolarized carboxylates (most notably, [1-13 C]pyruvate) allows one to visualize abnormal metabolism in tumors and other pathologies. Herein, we investigate the efficiency of 1 H and 13 C hyperpolarization of acetate and pyruvate esters with ethyl, propyl and allyl alcoholic moieties using heterogeneous hydrogenation of corresponding vinyl, allyl and propargyl precursors in isotopically unlabeled and 1-13 C-enriched forms with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalysts in methanol-d4 and in D2 O. The maximum obtained 1 H polarization was 0.6±0.2 % (for propyl acetate in CD3 OD), while the highest 13 C polarization was 0.10±0.03 % (for ethyl acetate in CD3 OD). Hyperpolarization of acetate esters surpassed that of pyruvates, while esters with a triple carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated alcoholic moiety were less efficient as parahydrogen-induced polarization precursors than esters with a double bond. Among the compounds studied, the maximum 1 H and 13 C NMR signal intensities were observed for propyl acetate. Ethyl acetate yielded slightly less intense NMR signals which were dramatically greater than those of other esters under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 57701, Rapid City, South Dakota, United States
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chapman B, Joalland B, Meersman C, Ettedgui J, Swenson RE, Krishna MC, Nikolaou P, Kovtunov KV, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV, Gemeinhardt ME, Goodson BM, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY. Low-Cost High-Pressure Clinical-Scale 50% Parahydrogen Generator Using Liquid Nitrogen at 77 K. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8476-8483. [PMID: 34102835 PMCID: PMC8262381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on a robust and low-cost parahydrogen generator design employing liquid nitrogen as a coolant. The core of the generator consists of catalyst-filled spiral copper tubing, which can be pressurized to 35 atm. Parahydrogen fraction >48% was obtained at 77 K with three nearly identical generators using paramagnetic hydrated iron oxide catalysts. Parahydrogen quantification was performed on the fly via benchtop NMR spectroscopy to monitor the signal from residual orthohydrogen-parahydrogen is NMR silent. This real-time quantification approach was also used to evaluate catalyst activation at up to 1.0 standard liter per minute flow rate. The reported inexpensive device can be employed for a wide range of studies employing parahydrogen as a source of nuclear spin hyperpolarization. To this end, we demonstrate the utility of this parahydrogen generator for hyperpolarization of concentrated sodium [1-13C]pyruvate, a metabolic contrast agent under investigation in numerous clinical trials. The reported pilot optimization of SABRE-SHEATH (signal amplification by reversible exchange-shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei) hyperpolarization yielded 13C signal enhancement of over 14,000-fold at a clinically relevant magnetic field of 1 T corresponding to approximately 1.2% 13C polarization-if near 100% parahydrogen would have been employed, the reported value would be tripled to 13C polarization of 3.5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chapman
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St. Joseph Street Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Collier Meersman
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St. Joseph Street Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 31 Center Drive Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- XeUS Technologies LTD, Georgiou Karaiskaki 2A, Lakatamia 2312, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Max E. Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St. Joseph Street Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Carrera C, Cavallari E, Digilio G, Bondar O, Aime S, Reineri F. ParaHydrogen Polarized Ethyl-[1- 13 C]pyruvate in Water, a Key Substrate for Fostering the PHIP-SAH Approach to Metabolic Imaging. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1042-1048. [PMID: 33720491 PMCID: PMC8251755 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of vinyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate has been reported, from which 13 C hyperpolarized (HP) ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate has been obtained by means of ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP). Due to the intrinsic lability of pyruvate, which leads quickly to degradation of the reaction mixture even under mild reaction conditions, the vinyl-ester has been synthesized through the intermediacy of a more stable ketal derivative. 13 C and 1 H hyperpolarizations of ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate, hydrogenated using ParaHydrogen, have been compared to those observed on the more widely used allyl-derivative. It has been demonstrated that the spin order transfer from ParaHydrogen protons to 13 C, is more efficient on the ethyl than on the allyl-esterdue to the larger J-couplings involved. The main requirements needed for the biological application of this HP product have been met, i. e. an aqueous solution of the product at high concentration (40 mM) with a good 13 C polarization level (4.8 %) has been obtained. The in vitro metabolic transformation of the HP ethyl-[1-13 C]pyruvate, catalyzed by an esterase, has been observed. This substrate appears to be a good candidate for in vivo metabolic investigations using PHIP hyperpolarized probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and BioimagingNational Research CouncilVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic InnovationUniversità del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”Viale Teresa Michel 1115121AlessandriaItaly
| | - Oksana Bondar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Molecular Imaging CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Nizza 5210126TorinoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhivonitko VV, Beer H, Zakharov DO, Bresien J, Schulz A. Hyperpolarization Effects in Parahydrogen Activation with Pnictogen Biradicaloids: Metal-free PHIP and SABRE. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:813-817. [PMID: 33725397 PMCID: PMC8251785 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biradicaloids attract attention as a novel class of reagents that can activate small molecules such as H2, ethylene and CO2. Herein, we study activation of parahydrogen (nuclear spin‐0 isomer of H2) by a number of 4‐ and 5‐membered pnictogen biradicaloids based on hetero‐cyclobutanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2Z] and hetero‐cyclopentanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2ZC(NDmp)] moieties (X,Z=P,As; Ter=2,6‐Mes2−C6H3, Dmp=2,6‐Me2−C6H3). The concerted mechanism of this reaction allowed observing strong nuclear spin hyperpolarization effects in 1H and 31P NMR experiments. Signal enhancements from two to four orders of magnitude were detected at 9.4 T depending on the structure. It is demonstrated that 4‐membered biradicaloids activate H2 reversibly, leading to SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization of biradicaloids themselves and their H2 adducts. In contrast, the 5‐membered counterparts demonstrate rather irreversible parahydrogen activation resulting in hyperpolarized H2 adducts only. Kinetic measurements provided parameters to support experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Beer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danila O Zakharov
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hale WG, Zhao TY, Choi D, Ferrer MJ, Song B, Zhao H, Hagelin-Weaver HE, Bowers CR. Toward Continuous-Flow Hyperpolarisation of Metabolites via Heterogenous Catalysis, Side-Arm-Hydrogenation, and Membrane Dissolution of Parahydrogen. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:822-827. [PMID: 33689210 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Side-arm hydrogenation (SAH) by homogeneous catalysis has extended the reach of the parahydrogen enhanced NMR technique to key metabolites such as pyruvate. However, homogeneous hydrogenation requires rapid separation of the dissolved catalyst and purification of the hyperpolarised species with a purity sufficient for safe in-vivo use. An alternate approach is to employ heterogeneous hydrogenation in a continuous-flow reactor, where separation from the solid catalysts is straightforward. Using a TiO2 -nanorod supported Rh catalyst, we demonstrate continuous-flow parahydrogen enhanced NMR by heterogeneous hydrogenation of a model SAH precursor, propargyl acetate, at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Parahydrogen gas was introduced into the flowing solution phase using a novel tube-in-tube membrane dissolution device. Without much optimization, proton NMR signal enhancements of up to 297 (relative to the thermal equilibrium signals) at 9.4 Tesla were shown to be feasible on allyl-acetate at a continuous total yield of 33 %. The results are compared to those obtained with the standard batch-mode technique of parahydrogen bubbling through a suspension of the same catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Tommy Y Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Diana Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Maria-Jose Ferrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Bochuan Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Hanqin Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | | | - Clifford R Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Kabir MSH, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Synthesis and 15 N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange of [ 15 N]Dalfampridine at Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:960-967. [PMID: 33738893 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique enables nuclear spin hyperpolarization of wide range of compounds using parahydrogen. Here we present the synthetic approach to prepare 15 N-labeled [15 N]dalfampridine (4-amino[15 N]pyridine) utilized as a drug to reduce the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The synthesized compound was hyperpolarized using SABRE at microtesla magnetic fields (SABRE-SHEATH technique) with up to 2.0 % 15 N polarization. The 7-hour-long activation of SABRE pre-catalyst [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] in the presence of [15 N]dalfampridine can be remedied by the use of pyridine co-ligand for catalyst activation while retaining the 15 N polarization levels of [15 N]dalfampridine. The effects of experimental conditions such as polarization transfer magnetic field, temperature, concentration, parahydrogen flow rate and pressure on 15 N polarization levels of free and equatorial catalyst-bound [15 N]dalfampridine were investigated. Moreover, we studied 15 N polarization build-up and decay at magnetic field of less than 0.04 μT as well as 15 N polarization decay at the Earth's magnetic field and at 1.4 T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Svyatova A, Kozinenko VP, Chukanov NV, Burueva DB, Chekmenev EY, Chen YW, Hwang DW, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. PHIP hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate and [1- 13C]acetate esters via PH-INEPT polarization transfer monitored by 13C NMR and MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5646. [PMID: 33707497 PMCID: PMC7952547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization of 13C nuclei by side-arm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) for [1-13C]acetate and [1-13C]pyruvate esters with application of PH-INEPT-type pulse sequences for 1H to 13C polarization transfer is reported, and its efficiency is compared with that of polarization transfer based on magnetic field cycling (MFC). The pulse-sequence transfer approach may have its merits in some applications because the entire hyperpolarization procedure is implemented directly in an NMR or MRI instrument, whereas MFC requires a controlled field variation at low magnetic fields. Optimization of the PH-INEPT-type transfer sequences resulted in 13C polarization values of 0.66 ± 0.04% and 0.19 ± 0.02% for allyl [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl [1-13C]acetate, respectively, which is lower than the corresponding polarization levels obtained with MFC for 1H to 13C polarization transfer (3.95 ± 0.05% and 0.65 ± 0.05% for allyl [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl [1-13C]acetate, respectively). Nevertheless, a significant 13C NMR signal enhancement with respect to thermal polarization allowed us to perform 13C MR imaging of both biologically relevant hyperpolarized molecules which can be used to produce useful contrast agents for the in vivo imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svyatova
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.418953.2Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Ac. Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Vitaly P. Kozinenko
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Dudari B. Burueva
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Integrative Biosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Dennis W. Hwang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan (Republic of China)
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090 ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- grid.419389.e0000 0001 2163 7228International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dagys L, Jagtap AP, Korchak S, Mamone S, Saul P, Levitt MH, Glöggler S. Nuclear hyperpolarization of (1- 13C)-pyruvate in aqueous solution by proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation. Analyst 2021; 146:1772-1778. [PMID: 33475626 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We employ Parahydrogen Induced Polarization with Side-Arm Hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) to polarize (1-13C)-pyruvate. We introduce a new method called proton-relayed side-arm hydrogenation (PR-SAH) in which an intermediate proton is used to transfer polarization from the side-arm to the 13C-labelled site of the pyruvate before hydrolysis. This significantly reduces the cost and effort needed to prepare the precursor for radio-frequency transfer experiments while still maintaining acceptable polarization transfer efficiency. Experimentally we have attained on average 4.33% 13C polarization in an aqueous solution of (1-13C)-pyruvate after about 10 seconds of cleavage and extraction. PR-SAH is a promising pulsed NMR method for hyperpolarizing 13C-labelled metabolites in solution, conducted entirely in high magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- School of chemistry, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip Saul
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of chemistry, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Inst. Biophys. Chem., NMR Signal Enhancement Grp., Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ellermann F, Pravdivtsev A, Hövener JB. Open-source, partially 3D-printed, high-pressure (50-bar) liquid-nitrogen-cooled parahydrogen generator. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:49-62. [PMID: 37904754 PMCID: PMC10539807 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-49-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The signal of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude using hyperpolarization. In comparison to a broadly used dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique that is already used in clinical trials, the parahydrogen (p H2 ) -based hyperpolarization approaches are less cost-intensive, are scalable, and offer high throughput. However, a p H2 generator is necessary. Available commercial p H2 generators are relatively expensive (EUR 10 000-150 000). To facilitate the spread of p H2 -based hyperpolarization studies, here we provide the blueprints and 3D models as open-source for a low-cost (EUR < 3000 ) 50-bar liquid-nitrogen-cooled p H2 generator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence
Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Andrey Pravdivtsev
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence
Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence
Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pravdivtsev AN, Brahms A, Kienitz S, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener J, Herges R. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Trivinyl Orthoacetate: Mechanisms Elucidated by Parahydrogen Induced Polarization. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:370-377. [PMID: 33319391 PMCID: PMC7986815 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parahydrogen (pH2 ) induced polarization (PHIP) is a unique method that is used in analytical chemistry to elucidate catalytic hydrogenation pathways and to increase the signal of small metabolites in MRI and NMR. PHIP is based on adding or exchanging at least one pH2 molecule with a target molecule. Thus, the spin order available for hyperpolarization is often limited to that of one pH2 molecule. To break this limit, we investigated the addition of multiple pH2 molecules to one precursor. We studied the feasibility of the simultaneous hydrogenation of three arms of trivinyl orthoacetate (TVOA) intending to obtain hyperpolarized acetate. It was found that semihydrogenated TVOA underwent a fast decomposition accompanied by several minor reactions including an exchange of geminal methylene protons of a vinyl ester with pH2 . The study shows that multiple vinyl ester groups are not suitable for a fast and clean (without any side products) hydrogenation and hyperpolarization that is desired in biochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto Hahn Platz 524098KielGermany
| | - Stephan Kienitz
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto Hahn Platz 524098KielGermany
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto Hahn Platz 524098KielGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic ChemistryKiel UniversityOtto Hahn Platz 524098KielGermany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Berner S, Schmidt AB, Ellermann F, Korchak S, Chekmenev EY, Glöggler S, von Elverfeldt D, Hennig J, Hövener JB. High field parahydrogen induced polarization of succinate and phospholactate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2320-2330. [PMID: 33449978 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The signal enhancement provided by the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins of metabolites is a promising technique for diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To date, most 13C-contrast agents are hyperpolarized utilizing a complex or cost-intensive polarizer. Recently, the in situ parahydrogen-induced 13C hyperpolarization was demonstrated. Hydrogenation, spin order transfer (SOT) by a pulsed NMR sequence, in vivo administration, and detection was achieved within the magnet bore of a 7 Tesla MRI system. So far, the hyperpolarization of the xenobiotic molecule 1-13C-hydroxyethylpropionate (HEP) and the biomolecule 1-13C-succinate (SUC) through the PH-INEPT+ sequence and a SOT scheme proposed by Goldman et al., respectively, was shown. Here, we investigate further the hyperpolarization of SUC at 7 Tesla and study the performance of two additional SOT sequences. Moreover, we present first results of the hyperpolarization at high magnetic field of 1-13C-phospholactate (PLAC), a derivate to obtain the metabolite lactate, employing the PH-INEPT+ sequence. For SUC and PLAC, 13C polarizations of about 1-2% were achieved within seconds and with minimal equipment. Effects that potentially may explain loss of 13C polarization have been identified, i.e. low hydrogenation yield, fast T1/T2 relaxation and the rarely considered 13C isotope labeling effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Berner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Salnikov OG, Svyatova A, Kovtunova LM, Chukanov NV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Chekmenev EY, Koptyug IV. Heterogeneous Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Diethyl Ether for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:1316-1322. [PMID: 32881102 PMCID: PMC7855047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the use of hyperpolarized gases as contrast agents provides valuable information on lungs structure and function. While the technology of 129 Xe hyperpolarization for clinical MRI research is well developed, it requires the expensive equipment for production and detection of hyperpolarized 129 Xe. Herein we present the 1 H hyperpolarization of diethyl ether vapor that can be imaged on any clinical MRI scanner. 1 H nuclear spin polarization of up to 1.3 % was achieved using heterogeneous hydrogenation of ethyl vinyl ether with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalyst. Liquefaction of diethyl ether vapor proceeds with partial preservation of hyperpolarization and prolongs its lifetime by ≈10 times. The proof-of-principle 2D 1 H MRI of hyperpolarized diethyl ether was demonstrated with 0.1×1.1 mm2 spatial and 120 ms temporal resolution. The long history of use of diethyl ether for anesthesia is expected to facilitate the clinical translation of the presented approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Korchak S, Jagtap AP, Glöggler S. Signal-enhanced real-time magnetic resonance of enzymatic reactions at millitesla fields. Chem Sci 2020; 12:314-319. [PMID: 34163599 PMCID: PMC8178804 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely applied in biomedical and biological science to study structures and dynamics of proteins and their reactions. Despite its impact, NMR is an inherently insensitive phenomenon and has driven the field to construct spectrometers with increasingly higher magnetic fields leading to more detection sensitivity. Here, we are demonstrating that enzymatic reactions can be followed in real-time at millitesla fields, three orders of magnitude lower than the field of state-of-the-art NMR spectrometers. This requires signal-enhancing samples via hyperpolarization. Within seconds, we have enhanced the signals of 2-13C-pyruvate, an important metabolite to probe cancer metabolism, in 22 mM concentrations (up to 10.1% ± 0.1% polarization) and show that such a large signal allows for the real-time detection of enzymatic conversion of pyruvate to lactate at 24 mT. This development paves the pathways for biological studies in portable and affordable NMR systems with a potential for medical diagnostics. We demonstrate that metabolism can be monitored in real-time with magnetic resonance at milli-tesla fields that are 1000 fold lower than state-of-the-art high field spectrometers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max-Planck-Insitute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max-Planck-Insitute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max-Planck-Insitute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Burueva DB, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Garcon A, Picazo‐Frutos R, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Budker D. Chemical Reaction Monitoring using Zero‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Study of Heterogeneous Samples in Metal Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - Román Picazo‐Frutos
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
- University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Burueva DB, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Garcon A, Picazo‐Frutos R, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Budker D. Chemical Reaction Monitoring using Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Study of Heterogeneous Samples in Metal Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17026-17032. [PMID: 32510813 PMCID: PMC7540358 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that heterogeneous/biphasic chemical reactions can be monitored with high spectroscopic resolution using zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This is possible because magnetic susceptibility broadening is negligible at ultralow magnetic fields. We show the two-step hydrogenation of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with para-enriched hydrogen gas in conventional glass NMR tubes, as well as in a titanium tube. The low frequency zero-field NMR signals ensure that there is no significant signal attenuation arising from shielding by the electrically conductive sample container. This method paves the way for in situ monitoring of reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems and in reactors made of conductive materials while maintaining resolution and chemical specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - Román Picazo‐Frutos
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Joalland B, Ariyasingha NM, Lehmkuhl S, Theis T, Appelt S, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Induced Radio Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8654-8660. [PMID: 32207871 PMCID: PMC7437572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radio amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) was recently discovered in a low-field NMR spectrometer incorporating a highly specialized radio-frequency resonator, where a high degree of proton-spin polarization was achieved by reversible parahydrogen exchange. RASER activity, which results from the coherent coupling between the nuclear spins and the inductive detector, can overcome the limits of frequency resolution in NMR. Here we show that this phenomenon is not limited to low magnetic fields or the use of resonators with high-quality factors. We use a commercial bench-top 1.4 T NMR spectrometer in conjunction with pairwise parahydrogen addition producing proton-hyperpolarized molecules in the Earth's magnetic field (ALTADENA condition) or in a high magnetic field (PASADENA condition) to induce RASER without any radio-frequency excitation pulses. The results demonstrate that RASER activity can be observed on virtually any NMR spectrometer and measures most of the important NMR parameters with high precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics-, Electronic Systems (ZEA 2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Joalland B, Ariyasingha NM, Lehmkuhl S, Theis T, Appelt S, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen‐Induced Radio Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics—, Electronic Systems (ZEA 2) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Joalland B, Schmidt AB, Kabir MSH, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Hennig J, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY. Pulse-Programmable Magnetic Field Sweeping of Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization by Side Arm Hydrogenation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1340-1345. [PMID: 31800220 PMCID: PMC7436199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the hyperpolarization techniques geared toward in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) shows promise due to its low cost and fast speed of contrast agent preparation. The synthesis of 13C-labeled, unsaturated precursors to perform PHIP by side arm hydrogenation has recently opened new possibilities for metabolic imaging owing to the biological compatibility of the reaction products, although the polarization transfer between the parahydrogen-derived protons and the 13C heteronucleus must yet be better understood, characterized, and eventually optimized. In this realm, a new experimental strategy incorporating pulse-programmable magnetic field sweeping and in situ detection has been developed. The approach is evaluated by measuring the 13C polarization of ethyl acetate-1-13C, i.e., the product of pairwise addition of parahydrogen to vinyl acetate-1-13C, resulting from zero-crossing magnetic field ramps of various durations, amplitudes, and step sizes. The results demonstrate (i) the profound effect these parameters have on the 1H to 13C polarization transfer efficiency and (ii) the high reproducibility of the technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department or Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohammad S. H. Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department or Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stewart NJ, Matsumoto S. Biomedical Applications of the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Parahydrogen Induced Polarization Techniques for Hyperpolarized 13C MR Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 20:1-17. [PMID: 31902907 PMCID: PMC7952198 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first pioneering report of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Warburg effect in prostate cancer patients, clinical dissemination of the technique has been rapid; close to 10 sites worldwide now possess a polarizer fit for the clinic, and more than 30 clinical trials, predominantly for oncological applications, are already registered on the US and European clinical trials databases. Hyperpolarized 13C probes to study pathophysiological processes beyond the Warburg effect, including tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, intra-cellular pH and cellular necrosis have also been demonstrated in the preclinical arena and are pending clinical translation, and the simultaneous injection of multiple co-polarized agents is opening the door to high-sensitivity, multi-functional molecular MRI with a single dose. Here, we review the biomedical applications to date of the two polarization methods that have been used for in vivo hyperpolarized 13C molecular MRI; namely, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization. The basic concept of hyperpolarization and the fundamental theory underpinning these two key 13C hyperpolarization methods, along with recent technological advances that have facilitated biomedical realization, are also covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|