1
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Lynch JR, Kennedy AR, Barker J, Mulvey RE. Modification of a Common β-diketiminate NacNac Framework via Sequential Lithiation and Small Molecule Insertion. Chemistry 2023:e202303373. [PMID: 38032346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A widely utilised class of ligands in synthesis and catalysis, β-diketiminate (BDI) or NacNac compounds were initially considered innocent in the sense that they remained intact in all their applications. That changed when the γ-C-H unit of their NCCCN backbone was found to engage in reactions with electrophiles. Here, we show that this special reactivity can be used advantageously to prepare tripodal modifications of the common NacNac ligand derived from 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-methyldiketimine [NacNacH (Me, Dipp)]. Lithiation to give NacNacLi, followed by reactions with isocyanates, isothiocyanates and a carbodiimide, have afforded a series of tripodal NacNac variants having N,N,N,O; N,N,N,S; or N,N,N,N potential dentation sites, many of which have been crystallographically characterised. Distinct ligating modes of these new ligands have been elucidated through the crystal structures of their lithiated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lynch
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jim Barker
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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2
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Glöckler E, Kapp L, Wölper C, Schumacher M, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Homoleptic and heteroleptic ketodiiminate zinc complexes for the ROP of cyclic l-lactide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29879-29885. [PMID: 37842672 PMCID: PMC10568404 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo- and heteroleptic ketodiiminate zinc complexes L12Zn2 (1, L1 = [Me2NC2H4NC(Me)CH]2CO), L2(ZnCp)2 (2, L2 = [Me2NC3H6NC(Me)CH]2CO, Cp = C5H5) and L2HZnCp* (3, Cp* = C5Me5) were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD, 2, 3). The catalytical activity of heteroleptic complexes 2 and 3 were tested in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide. Homobimetallic complex 2 showed the highest activity and selectivity for the synthesis of cyclic polylactide (cPLLA; TOF = 17 460 h-1) at 100 °C in toluene solution, while linear polymers are formed with mononuclear complex 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Leon Kapp
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Marcel Schumacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Carl-Benz-Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
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3
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N-alkyl-β-ketoiminate zinc complexes: Synthesis, structure, and reactivity in ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Glöckler E, Ghosh S, Schulz S. β-Diketiminate and β-Ketoiminate Metal Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Glöckler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Swarup Ghosh
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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5
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Glöckler E, Ghosh S, Wölper C, Coban D, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Binuclear ketodiiminate magnesium complexes for the ROP of cyclic -Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Chellali JE, Alverson AK, Robinson JR. Zinc Aryl/Alkyl β-diketiminates: Balancing Accessibility and Stability for High-Activity Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Chellali
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Alexander K. Alverson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jerome R. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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7
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Hu M, Song X, Wang F, Zhang W, Ma W, Han F. Ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by magnesium and zinc complexes supported by an NNO ligand. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of magnesium and zinc complexes containing unsymmetric tertiary amine ligands and their catalytic properties for polymerization of rac-lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis for Fine Chemicals, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xinfeng Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Fuzhong Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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8
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Cao F, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Solan GA, Wang R, Ma Y, Hao X, Sun WH. Zinc 8-aminotrihydroquinolines appended with pendant N-diphenylphosphinoethyl arms as exceptionally active catalysts for the ROP of ε-CL. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00979j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through activation with LiCH2SiMe3 or LiN(SiMe3)2, zinc(ii) chloride complexes bearing 5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-amines appended with pendant diphenyl phosphine units displayed remarkable catalytic activity for ROP of ε-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gregory A. Solan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Janoszka N, Azhdari S, Hils C, Coban D, Schmalz H, Gröschel AH. Morphology and Degradation of Multicompartment Microparticles Based on Semi-Crystalline Polystyrene- block-Polybutadiene- block-Poly( L-lactide) Triblock Terpolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244358. [PMID: 34960909 PMCID: PMC8706259 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The confinement assembly of block copolymers shows great potential regarding the formation of functional microparticles with compartmentalized structure. Although a large variety of block chemistries have already been used, less is known about microdomain degradation, which could lead to mesoporous microparticles with particularly complex morphologies for ABC triblock terpolymers. Here, we report on the formation of triblock terpolymer-based, multicompartment microparticles (MMs) and the selective degradation of domains into mesoporous microparticles. A series of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(L-lactide) (PS-b-PB-b-PLLA, SBL) triblock terpolymers was synthesized by a combination of anionic vinyl and ring-opening polymerization, which were transformed into microparticles through evaporation-induced confinement assembly. Despite different block compositions and the presence of a crystallizable PLLA block, we mainly identified hexagonally packed cylinders with a PLLA core and PB shell embedded in a PS matrix. Emulsions were prepared with Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membranes leading to a narrow size distribution of the microparticles and control of the average particle diameter, d ≈ 0.4 µm–1.8 µm. The core–shell cylinders lie parallel to the surface for particle diameters d < 0.5 µm and progressively more perpendicular for larger particles d > 0.8 µm as verified with scanning and transmission electron microscopy and particle cross-sections. Finally, the selective degradation of the PLLA cylinders under basic conditions resulted in mesoporous microparticles with a pronounced surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Janoszka
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Deniz Coban
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (A.H.G.)
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (A.H.G.)
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10
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Wan Y, Bai Y, Xu H, He J, Zhang Y. Highly Isoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide Using Chiral Binuclear Aluminum Catalyst. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000491. [PMID: 33200483 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure can significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of polymers. Five chiral binuclear aluminum methyl complexes (rac1 to rac5) are synthesized by using chiral binaphthalene diamine ligand and characterized by both 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of rac3 and rac5 are also identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the presence of i PrOH initiator, these aluminum complexes catalyze the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide (rac-LA) in a controlled manner and produce polymers with high to excellent isoselectivity (Pm up to 0.93). Even with a catalyst loading as low as 0.1%, polylactide with a Pm of 0.83 can still be obtained. Kinetic studies reveal the first-order dependence on monomer concentration whereas kinetic resolution polymerization provides the evidence to support that these binuclear aluminum catalysts catalyzed ROP of rac-LA adopts enantiomorphic site control mechanism. Furthermore, this strategy can also be applied to the ROP of both ε-caprolactone and δ-valeroactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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11
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Schäfer PM, Herres-Pawlis S. Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1044-1052. [PMID: 32449840 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing awareness of sustainability has led to enormous growth of the demand for bio-based and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) (PLA). In industry, polymerization of lactide is currently carried out using tin catalysts (e. g., tin(II) ethyl hexanoate, Sn(Oct)2 ). Since the catalyst remains in the polymer, it can accumulate in the soil or in the human body after degradation and cause damage due to its toxicity. Therefore, a search for a suitable substitute for this catalyst has been going on for decades. Guanidine metal complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the polymerization of lactide. They are not only convincing because of their activity and the synthesis of high molar mass polymers, but also show a high robustness against high temperatures, oxidation as well as residual protic impurities in the monomer. Herein, key zinc and iron guanidine complexes are discussed with respect to their apparent rate constant (kapp ) and rate constant of propagation (kp ), produced molar masses and the mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Ghosh S, Glöckler E, Wölper C, Tjaberings A, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Active Ga-catalysts for the ring opening homo- and copolymerization of cyclic esters, and copolymerization of epoxide and anhydrides. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13475-13486. [PMID: 32966460 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of gallium complexes L12Ga4Me8 (1), L22Ga4Me8 (2), and L32Ga4Me8 (3) was synthesized by reaction of GaMe3 with Schiff base ligands L1-3H2 (L1H2 = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}phenol; L2H2 = 2,4-dichloro-6-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}phenol; L3H2 = 4-tert-butyl-2-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}phenol) and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray analysis (1, 2), proving their tetranuclear structure in the solid state. Complexes 1-3 showed good catalytic activity in the ring opening homopolymerization (ROP) and ring opening copolymerization (ROcoP) of lactide (LA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) in toluene at 100 °C, yielding polymers with the expected average molecular weights (Mn) and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD), as well as a high isoselectivity for the ROP of rac-lactide (rac-LA), yielding isotactic-enriched PLAs with Pm values up to 0.78. Kinetic studies with complex 1 proved the first order dependence on monomer concentration, while mechanistic studies confirmed the coordination insertion mechanistic (CIM) pathway. Sequential addition of monomers gave well defined diblock copolymers of PCL-b-PLLA and PLLA-b-PCL, proving the living character of the polymerization reactions. The catalysts also showed perfect selectivity for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with both succinic anhydride (SA) and maleic anhydride (MA) in the presence of BnOH and produced >99% alternating block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
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13
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Kuchuk EA, Mankaev BN, Serova VA, Zaitsev KV, Churakov AV, Oprunenko YF, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. New dialkylenetriamine zinc complexes as highly efficient ROP catalysts. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Ghosh S, Glöckler E, Wölper C, Tjaberings A, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Heteroleptic β-Ketoiminate Magnesium Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Tjaberings
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
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15
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Fuchs M, Schmitz S, Schäfer PM, Secker T, Metz A, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Pich A, Kögerler P, Monakhov KY, Herres-Pawlis S. Mononuclear zinc(II) Schiff base complexes as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Ghosh S, Wölper C, Tjaberings A, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Syntheses, structures and catalytic activity of tetranuclear Mg complexes in the ROP of cyclic esters under industrially relevant conditions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:375-387. [PMID: 31829382 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetranuclear magnesium imino(phenolate) complexes Mg4(L1–4)4 are excellent catalysts for the ROP of bulk rac-lactide and ε-caprolactone under industrially relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- D-45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- D-45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Tjaberings
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum
- 47057 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum
- 47057 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- D-45141 Essen
- Germany
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17
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Kaiser K, Ganesamoorthy C, Wölper C, Schulz S. Metal Complexes of Donor‐functionalized Fluorinated
β
‐Ketoiminates – Synthesis, Structure, and CVD Application. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kaiser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Chelladurai Ganesamoorthy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
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