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Dickerson B, Maury J, Jenkins V, Nottingham K, Xing D, Gonzalez DE, Leonard M, Kendra J, Ko J, Yoo C, Johnson S, Pradelles R, Purpura M, Jäger R, Sowinski R, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Effects of Supplementation with Microalgae Extract from Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Mi136) to Support Benefits from a Weight Management Intervention in Overweight Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:990. [PMID: 38613023 PMCID: PMC11013338 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae like Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) contain the carotenoid, fucoxanthin, which has been purported to promote fat loss, lower blood lipids, and improve glucose management. This study examined whether dietary supplementation with microalgae extracts from PT containing 4.4 mg/d of fucoxanthin affects changes in body composition or health markers in overweight women during an exercise and diet intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 females (28.6 ± 7.9 years, 80.2 ± 14.9 kg, 29.6 ± 3.8 kg/m², 41.4 ± 4.2% fat) fasted for 12 h, donated a fasting blood sample, completed health and mood state inventories, and undertook body composition, health, and exercise assessments. In a counterbalanced, randomized, and double-blind manner, participants ingested a placebo (PL), or microalgae extract of Phaeodactylum tricornutum standardized to 4.4 mg of fucoxanthin (FX) for 12 weeks while participating in a supervised exercise program that included resistance-training and walking (3 days/week) with encouragement to accumulate 10,000 steps/day on remaining days of the week. The diet intervention involved reducing energy intake by about -300 kcal/d (i.e., ≈1400-1600 kcals/d, 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 15% protein) to promote a -500 kcal/d energy deficit with exercise. Follow-up testing was performed at 6 and 12 weeks. A general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures statistical analysis was used to analyze group responses and changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with microalgae extract from PT containing fucoxanthin for 12 weeks did not promote additional weight loss or fat loss in overweight but otherwise healthy females initiating an exercise and diet intervention designed to promote modest weight loss. However, fucoxanthin supplementation preserved bone mass, increased bone density, and saw greater improvements in walking steps/day, resting heart rate, aerobic capacity, blood lipid profiles, adherence to diet goals, functional activity tolerance, and measures of quality of life. Consequently, there appears to be some benefit to supplementing microalgae extract from PT containing fucoxanthin during a diet and exercise program. Registered clinical trial #NCT04761406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Broderick Dickerson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jonathan Maury
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Victoria Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Kay Nottingham
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Dante Xing
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Drew E. Gonzalez
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Megan Leonard
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jacob Kendra
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Joungbo Ko
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Rémi Pradelles
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Martin Purpura
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA; (M.P.); (R.J.)
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA; (M.P.); (R.J.)
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J. Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
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de Luis DA, Izaola O, Primo D, Gómez JJL. Role of beta-2 adrenergic receptor polymorphism (rs1042714) on body weight and glucose metabolism response to a meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. Nutrition 2023; 116:112170. [PMID: 37572548 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is involved in energy balance regulation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of the rs1042714 genetic variant of ADRB2 gene on weight loss, body composition, and metabolic changes secondary to partial meal replacement (pMR) hypocaloric diet in women with obesity. METHODS We conducted an interventional study in 95 premenopausal women with body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2. The subjects received two intakes per day of a normocaloric hyperproteic formula during 12 wk of a pMR diet. Body weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference, lipid profile, fasting insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance were determined. All patients were genotyped rs1042714 and evaluated in a dominant model (CC versus CG + GG). RESULTS Genotype frequencies were 31 (37.3%), 38 (45.8%), and 14 (16.9%) for the CC, CG, and GG genotypes, respectively. We found significant interaction effects between ADRB2 variant and pMR-induced changes (CC versus CG + GG) on body weight (-7.1 ± 0.3 versus -13.5 ± 0.5 kg; P = 0.03), body mass index (-0.9 ± 0.1 versus -1.2 ± 0.2 kg/m2; P = 0.03), fat mass (-4.9 ± 0.5 versus -10.2 ±1.2 kg; P = 0.01), waist circumference (-5.1 ± 0.2 versus -10.1 ± 1.9 cm; P = 0.03), glucose (-5.1 ± 1.3 versus -12.5 ± 2.5 mg/dL; P = 0.03), total cholesterol (-18.1 ± 9.3 versus -33.5 ± 4.5 mg/dL; P = 0.03), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.1 ± 5.3 versus -24.5 ± 4.1 mg/dL; P = 0.04), triacylglycerol levels (-6.1 ± 5.3 versus -31.5 ± 9.5 mg/dL; P = 0.04), fasting insulin levels (-1.8 ± 0.3 versus -6.3 ± 0.5 IU/L; P = 0.03), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (-0.6 ± 0.3 versus -1.9 ± 0.5 U; P = 0.03). The odds ratio to improve alteration in glucose metabolism adjusted by age and weight loss throughout the study was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.07-0.95; P = 0.02) in G allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS The G allele of rs1042714 predicts the magnitude of weight loss resulting from a pMR diet. These adiposity improvements produce a better improvement of insulin resistance and percentage of impaired glucose metabolism in G allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Olatz Izaola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Primo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose López Gómez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Nacis JS, Labrador JPH, Ronquillo DGD, Rodriguez MP, Dablo AMFD, Frane RD, Madrid ML, Santos NLC, Carrillo JJV, Fernandez MG, Gonzales GBL. A study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendation for weight management among adults: the MyGeneMyDiet ® study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1238234. [PMID: 37674889 PMCID: PMC10477364 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1238234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Managing nutrition and lifestyle practices, nutrition phenotypes, and the genome forms the foundation of precision nutrition. Precision nutrition focuses on metabolic variability among individuals, and one approach to achieving its goals is to integrate gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendations in nutrition practice. However, scientific evidence proving the effectiveness of such recommendations is limited. This study will examine whether providing nutrition and lifestyle recommendations based on individual genotype can lead to better weight loss, along with reduction in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage among overweight and obese adults. Methods and analysis A parallel group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Sixty-two overweight/obese individuals aged 19-59 years old will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the intervention (n = 31) or the control arm (n = 31). Participants in the intervention group will receive the MyGeneMyDiet® Recommendation for Weight Management, a gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendation that was developed based on existing evidence of the effects of FTO rs9939609 on body weight, BMI, and physical activity; UCP1 rs1800592 on calorie intake; and TCF7L2 rs7903146 on dietary fat intake. Participants in the control group will receive the standard recommendations for weight management. The primary outcomes will be the differences in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage between arms in both the active phase (6 months) and inactive phase (last 6 months) of the trial. Participants in both arms will be evaluated at baseline and in months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first gene-based intervention that will adopt a phase of intensive nutrition counseling, followed by a simulation of a free-living state to determine adherence to a gene-based recommendation. This study will contribute to the future implementation of precision nutrition interventions by providing evidence on the effectiveness of a gene-based nutrition and lifestyle recommendation for weight loss. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier [NCT05098899].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacus S. Nacis
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason Paolo H. Labrador
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Diana Glades D. Ronquillo
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Marietta P. Rodriguez
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | | | - Ruby D. Frane
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Marilou L. Madrid
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Noelle Lyn C. Santos
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Julianne Janine V. Carrillo
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Mikko Glen Fernandez
- Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), Taguig, Philippines
| | - Gerard Bryan L. Gonzales
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lockard B, Mardock M, Oliver JM, Byrd M, Simbo S, Jagim AR, Kresta J, Baetge CC, Jung YP, Koozehchian MS, Khanna D, Rasmussen C, Kreider RB. Comparison of Two Diet and Exercise Approaches on Weight Loss and Health Outcomes in Obese Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4877. [PMID: 35457744 PMCID: PMC9032860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficacy of two popular weight loss approaches on weight loss, body composition, and markers of health in sedentary obese women. METHODS In total, 51 sedentary women (age 34.5 ± 7.7 yrs.; weight 90.0 ± 14.5 kg; BMI 34.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2; 46.5 ± 7.0% fat) were matched and randomized to participate in the Weight Watchers® Momentum™ (WW) or Curves® (CV) Fitness and Weight Management program for 16 weeks. Participants in the WW group (n = 27) were provided a point-based diet program, received weekly progress checks and counseling, and were encouraged to exercise. Participants in the CV group (n = 24) followed a menu-based higher protein/low-fat diet (1200 kcal/d) for 1 week; 1500 kcal/d diet for 3 weeks; and 2000-2500 kcals/d for 2 weeks that was repeated three times (except the last segment) while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance training program (3 d/wk). A general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures was used to analyze data and are presented as mean changes from baseline (mean [UL, LL]). RESULTS Supervised CV training resulted in greater amounts of vigorous and total physical activity. After 16 weeks, both groups lost weight (WW -6.1 [-7.8, -4.6], CV -4.9 [-6.2, -3.2] kg, p = 0.264). Participants in the CV group observed greater reductions in fat mass (WW -2.9 [-6.7, -0.2], CV -6.4 [-9.2, -3.6] kg, p = 0.081) and increases in lean mass (WW -2.5 [-4.3, -0.7], CV 1.3 [-0.6, 3.2] kg, p = 0.005) resulting in more favorable changes in percent body fat (WW -1.4 [-4.1, 1.2], CV -4.7 [-7.5, -1.8]%, p = 0.098). Both groups observed improvements in peak aerobic capacity and muscular endurance, although bench press lifting volume was greater in the CV group. Those in the CV group experienced a greater increase in HDLc and reduction in the CHL-HDLc ratio and triglycerides. CONCLUSION Both interventions promoted weight loss and improvements in fitness and markers of health. The CV program, which included supervised resistance training and higher protein diet menus, promoted greater fat loss, increases in lean mass, and improvements in percent body fat and blood lipids. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT04372771, registered retrospectively 1 May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Lockard
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA;
| | - Michelle Mardock
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Jonathan M. Oliver
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Mike Byrd
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
- Byrd’s Eye Enterprises, Inc., Forney, TX 75126, USA
| | - Sunday Simbo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrew R. Jagim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA;
| | - Julie Kresta
- College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University Central-Texas, Killeen, TX 76549, USA;
| | - Claire C. Baetge
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | | | - Majid S. Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL 36265, USA;
| | - Deepesh Khanna
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL 33759, USA;
| | - Chris Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.M.); (J.M.O.); (M.B.); (S.S.); (C.C.B.); (C.R.)
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Sowinski RJ, Grubic TJ, Dalton RL, Schlaffer J, Reyes-Elrod AG, Jenkins VM, Williamson S, Rasmussen C, Murano PS, Earnest CP, Kreider RB. An Examination of a Novel Weight Loss Supplement on Anthropometry and Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:478-506. [PMID: 32691639 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1786207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether adding Dichrostachys glomerata (DG; 300 mg/d) to thermogenic supplements with (DG + C) and without (DG) caffeine and other nutrients affects weight loss, changes in body composition, and/or markers of health. METHODS Sixty-eight participants (female, 54%) were grouped in a double-blind, parallel, stratified random, placebo-controlled manner to supplement their diet with a placebo, DG, or DG + C for 12 weeks while maintaining their normal diet and physical activity. Diet, physical activity, body weight, body composition, anthropometric measures, resting energy expenditure, fasting blood samples, and questionnaires were obtained at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures. Data are reported as mean (±SD) and change from baseline (mean, 95% confidence interval) for weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively, with p values showing changes from baseline. RESULTS DG treatment promoted significant but minor reductions in fat mass (-0.56 [-1.02, -0.14], p = 0.01; -0.63 [-1.23, -0.02], p = 0.04; -0.71 [-1.47, 0.09] kg, p = 0.08) and percent body fat (-0.46 [-0.96, -0.04], p = 0.07; -0.63 [-1.16, -0.10], p = 0.02; -0.78 [-1.45, 0.07] %, p = 0.03). There was some evidence that DG + C increased resting energy expenditure, decreased hunger, increased satiety, and improved sleep quality (diminished in DG + C). No other significant effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of thermogenic supplements containing DG (300 mg/d) with and without caffeine and other nutrients in overweight but otherwise healthy participants who did not alter diet or physical activity promoted clinically insignificant changes in body weight and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J Grubic
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ryan L Dalton
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Schlaffer
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aimee G Reyes-Elrod
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Victoria M Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susannah Williamson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peter S Murano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Horne J, Gilliland J, Madill J. Assessing the effectiveness of actionable nutrigenomics and lifestyle genomics interventions for weight management in clinical practice: A critical, scoping review with directions for future research. Nutr Health 2020; 26:167-173. [PMID: 32500817 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020928667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nutrigenomics and lifestyle genomics in clinical practice has the potential to optimize weight-related outcomes for patients. AIM A scoping review was conducted to summarize and evaluate the current body of knowledge related to the effectiveness of providing DNA-based lifestyle advice on weight-related outcomes, with the aim of providing direction for future research. METHOD Primary studies were included if they were written in English, evaluated weight-related and/or body mass index and/or body composition outcomes, and provided participants with an actionable genetic-based lifestyle intervention; interventions that only provided information on genetic risk for diseases/conditions were excluded. Data was extracted from each article meeting inclusion criteria (N=3) and the studies were critically appraised for methodological limitations. RESULTS Research in this area is promising, but limited. Specific limitations relate to study designs, the nature of the recommendations provided to participants, small (underpowered) sample sizes, the use of self-reported weight/BMI data and lack of consideration of important confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the effectiveness of nutrigenomics and lifestyle genomics interventions for weight management in clinical practice cannot yet be conclusively determined. Recommendations for future research are detailed in the present manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Horne
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London,.ON, Canada.,The East Elgin Family Health Team, Aylmer, ON, Canada.,Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janet Madill
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Vargas-Molina S, Petro JL, Romance R, Kreider RB, Schoenfeld BJ, Bonilla DA, Benítez-Porres J. Effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition and strength in trained women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32276630 PMCID: PMC7146906 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of ketogenic diets (KD) on body composition in different populations has been investigated. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. However, there is less evidence related to trained women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a KD on body composition and strength in trained women following an eight-week resistance training (RT) program. Methods Twenty-one strength-trained women (27.6 ± 4.0 years; 162.1 ± 6.6 cm; 62.3 ± 7.8 kg; 23.7 ± 2.9 kg·m− 2) were randomly assigned to either a non-KD group (n = 11, NKD) or a KD group (n = 10, KD). Study outcomes included body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), strength levels measured using one maximum repetition (RM) in back squat and bench press (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) measured on a force plate. Results A significant reduction in fat mass was observed in KD (− 1.1 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.042; d = − 0.2) but not in NDK (0.3 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.225; d = 0.1). No significant changes in fat-free mass were observed in KD (− 0.7 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.202; d = − 0.1) or NKD (0.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.074; d = 0.2), but absolute changes favored NKD. No significant changes in BP were observed in KD (1.5 ± 4.6 kg; P = 0.329; d = 0.2), although significant changes were noted in the squat and CMJ (5.6 ± 7.6 kg; P = 0.045; d = 0.5 and 2.2 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.022; d = 0.6, respectively). In contrast, NKD showed significant increases in BP (4.8 ± 1.8; P < 0.01; d = 0.7), squat (15.6 ± 5.4 kg; P = 0.005; d = 1.4) and CMJ (22.0 + 4.2 cm; P = 0.001; d = 0.5). Conclusions Findings indicate that a KD may help to decrease fat mass and maintain fat-free mass after eight 8 weeks of RT in trained-women but is suboptimal for increasing fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.,EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Research Division, DBSS INTERNATIONAL SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 25, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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