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Mureșan GM, Văidean VL, Mare C, Achim MV. Were we happy and we didn't know it? A subjective dynamic and financial assessment pre-, during and post-COVID-19. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2023; 24:749-768. [PMID: 35984544 PMCID: PMC9390109 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes into people's lives. Fear, job insecurity, changes in their financial stability, concerns about their future lives have changed the entire lives of people and have affected the cognitive well-being of individuals. The purpose of the present analysis is to measure how the COVID-19 pandemic, along with financial factors, has affected the perceived level of well-being of individuals. We are also interested whether there are differences between life before COVID-19, life now with COVID-19, and life after the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of future expectations. To address this objective, we performed an ANOVA approach and a GLM estimate on repeated measures for a large sample (1572 respondents) from 43 worldwide countries, during the period May 2020 and July 2021. Our results show that financial factors reflected by both the size of income and changes in personal or family income affect the levels of happiness. Robustness checks using stress as an alternative estimator for happiness have consolidated our results. Additionally, we find that well-being during COVID-19 compared to the previous period decreased, while in future, people expect to be happier, but not more than in the past when they did not know about the existence of this virus. This is one of the first studies to investigate the relationship between happiness and income before, during, and after COVID-19. These findings are important for policymakers to improve the conditions of living in the areas of health and financial stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela-Mihaela Mureșan
- Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babeş-Bolyai University, Teodor Mihali Street, no. 58-60, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Viorela-Ligia Văidean
- Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babeş-Bolyai University, Teodor Mihali Street, no. 58-60, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruța Mare
- Department of Statistics-Forecasts-Mathematics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, Teodor Mihali Street, no. 58-60, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Data Science, Babes-Bolyai University, 68, Avram Iancu str., 4th floor, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Violeta Achim
- Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babeş-Bolyai University, Teodor Mihali Street, no. 58-60, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Unda-López A, Paz C, Hidalgo-Andrade P, Hermosa-Bosano C. Variations of work engagement and psychological distress based on three working modalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1191314. [PMID: 37388160 PMCID: PMC10300637 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1191314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus became a global health threat affecting people's mental and physical health, as well as working conditions and modalities. The reorganization of the work environment also affected work engagement and psychological distress levels. This manuscript assesses how work engagement and distress vary according to gender and age across three working modalities. We used a voluntary response sampling strategy to collect data on psychological distress and work engagement between August 2021 and January 2022. Results are from 542 people working in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, participants experienced psychological distress; women and younger participants presented higher psychological distress. Regarding engagement, the sample showed average levels of total engagement, average levels of vigor, and high levels of dedication and absorption. Men presented higher levels of total work engagement and vigor. Psychological distress was significantly and negatively correlated with total work engagement scores and its three factors. There were no differences in work engagement according to the different modalities. However, teleworkers reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress than hybrid workers. Findings are discussed considering ideas for decision-makers to explore the benefits of flexible working practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Paz
- Escuela de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paula Hidalgo-Andrade
- Escuela de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Gupta S, Devdutt P, Itam UJ. Centrality of psychological well-being of IT employees during COVID-19 and beyond. DECISION 2023. [PMCID: PMC9925223 DOI: 10.1007/s40622-023-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Hu Y, Ye B, Luo XB, Ma T, Feng Z, Yang Q. The Effect of Stress of COVID-19 on Chinese Adults' Work-Family Conflict: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:373-382. [PMID: 36798873 PMCID: PMC9928458 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s381056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study examined the effect of stress of COVID-19 on work-family conflict, how perceived work ability may mediate this effect, and lastly how perceived social support may moderate the various indirect pathway during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A total of 2558 Chinese adults were recruited from the first author's university completed the questionnaire including stress of COVID-19 scale, work-family conflict, perceived social support and perceived work ability scale. Results The present study showed that stress of COVID-19 was positively associated with work-family conflict while negatively associated with perceived work ability, which in turn, was negatively associated with work-family conflict. Perceived social support magnified the effects of perceived work ability on work-family conflict. Conclusion Findings of this study shed light on a correlation between stress of COVID-19 and work-family conflict. Moreover, this study emphasizes the value of intervening individuals' perceived work ability and increasing the ability of perceived social support in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Hu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China,Center of Mental Health Education, Anhui Health College, Chizhou, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Bin Luo
- School of Finance, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xu-Bin Luo, School of Finance, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 791-88120173, Email
| | - Tingting Ma
- Center of Mental Health Education, Anhui Health College, Chizhou, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Center of Mental Health Education, Anhui Health College, Chizhou, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Samuel S, Ferreira N. Multi-generational workforce job retention: Coping strategy influences among South African engineers. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2023.2175987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Demirović Bajrami D, Petrović MD, Sekulić D, Radovanović MM, Blešić I, Vuksanović N, Cimbaljević M, Tretiakova TN. Significance of the Work Environment and Personal Resources for Employees' Well-Being at Work in the Hospitality Sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16165. [PMID: 36498236 PMCID: PMC9740699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether different elements of the work environment (manifested by job demands, job control, and social support) and personal resources were linked to employees' well-being at work. Based on data gathered from 574 employees in the hospitality industry in Serbia, it was also tested if personal resources, expressed through self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience, could moderate the relationship between work environment and employees' well-being at work. Correlation analyses showed that high job demands had negative effects on employees' well-being, causing negative emotional reactions to their job, while job control and social support developed positive relationships with positive employees' well-being. The moderating effect analysis found that personal resources can fully moderate the relationship between job demands and well-being at work, and job control and well-being at work. On the other side, personal resources were not a significant moderator in the relationship between social support and well-being at work, indicating that even when employees have adequate personal resources, they are not enough to decrease the negative effects of lack of social support on employees' well-being at work. This shows how important the support of supervisors and colleagues is for employees in hospitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Demirović Bajrami
- Geographical Institute « Jovan Cvijić« Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Marko D. Petrović
- Geographical Institute « Jovan Cvijić« Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Dejan Sekulić
- Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, University of Kragujevac, 36210 Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia
| | - Milan M. Radovanović
- Geographical Institute « Jovan Cvijić« Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Ivana Blešić
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vuksanović
- Faculty of Management, University Union “Nikola Tesla”, 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia
| | - Marija Cimbaljević
- Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatiana N. Tretiakova
- Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Kifor CV, Săvescu RF, Dănuț R. Work from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic-The Impact on Employees' Self-Assessed Job Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10935. [PMID: 36078652 PMCID: PMC9518549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of remote workplace factors on employees' social and technical self-assessed performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the variables belonging to the employee's profile, organizational environment, and work-life balance categories on social and technical performance were analyzed, based on a survey of 801 Romanian employees, using ordinary least squares and quantile regression techniques. While the first method provided summary point estimates that calculated the average effect of the explanatory variables for the "average employee", the second approach allowed us to focus on the effects explanatory variables have on the entire conditional distribution of the response variables, taking into account that this effect can be different for employees with different levels of performance. Job autonomy, engagement, communication skills, trust in co-workers, occupational self-efficacy, and family-work conflict, significantly influence both social and technical performance. PhD education and trust in management significantly influence social performance, while motivation, stress, the share of time spent in remote work, organizational commitment, children in the household, and household size, influence only technical performance.
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Mendoza-Llanos R, Acuña-Hormazábal Á, Pons-Peregort O. We Need Engaged Workers! A Structural Equation Modeling Study from the Positive Organizational Psychology in Times of COVID-19 in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7700. [PMID: 35805355 PMCID: PMC9265337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted mental health—workers at institutions are not exempt. In our research, from positive organizational psychology, specifically from the healthy and resilient organization (HERO) model, we analyzed the relationship between healthy organizational practices−engagement and workers’ burnout, and evaluated the mediation role of engagement between healthy organizational practices and worker burnout levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, through structural equation models of a cross-sectional survey-based study. We collected data from a sample of 594 Chilean workers. Our results of the correlations and structural equations demonstrate the relationship between PHOs with engagement (β = 0.51; p < 0.001) and burnout (β = −0.44; p < 0.001), in addition to the mediating effect of engagement between HOP with burnout (β = −0.66; p < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings suggest that healthy organizational practices promoted worker engagement and decreased worker burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the postulates of the HERO model. In addition, we were able to visualize a similar scenario, which showed that burnout during a pandemic decreases when worker engagement mediates the relationship with HOP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Pons-Peregort
- Department of Business Organization, Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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Ouwerkerk JW, Bartels J. Is Anyone Else Feeling Completely Nonessential? Meaningful Work, Identification, Job Insecurity, and Online Organizational Behavior during a Lockdown in The Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1514. [PMID: 35162530 PMCID: PMC8835260 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected employees worldwide, and in many countries, governments have used lockdowns to control the pandemic. In some countries, employees were divided into essential and nonessential workers. A survey among Dutch employees (N = 408) investigated how a lockdown in response to the pandemic affected work perceptions. The study found that employees who were not working during lockdown, or whose work hours were reduced sharply, perceived their job as contributing less to the greater good, identified less strongly with their organization, and experienced more job insecurity compared with those who retained a large percentage of their work activities. The longer employees were in lockdown, the weaker their greater-good motivations and the more job insecurity. Furthermore, identification with colleagues and perception of positive meaning in one's job were significant predictors of online organizational citizenship behavior directed at other individuals (OCB-I), whereas organizational identification predicted such behavior directed at the organization (OCB-O). Moreover, indicative of a job preservation motive, increased job insecurity was related to more online OCB-O, and more deviant online behaviors directed at others in the form of cyberostracism and cyberincivility. We further discuss practical lessons for future lockdowns to minimize negative consequences for organizations and employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap W. Ouwerkerk
- Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jos Bartels
- Department of Communication Studies, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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