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Goolmeer T, Costello O, Skroblin A, Rumpff L, Wintle BA. Indigenous-led designation and management of culturally significant species. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1623-1631. [PMID: 39090406 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples globally are actively seeking better recognition of plants and animals that are of cultural significance, which encompass both species and ecological communities. Acknowledgement and collaborative management of culturally significant entities in biodiversity conservation improves environmental outcomes as well as the health and wellbeing of Indigenous people. The global diversity and complexity of Indigenous knowledge, values and obligations make achieving a universal approach to designating culturally significant entities highly unlikely. Instead, empowering local Indigenous-led governance structures with methods to identify place-based culturally significant entities will yield culturally supported results. Here we used a structured decision-making framework with objectives and biocultural measures developed by Indigenous experts, with the aim of prioritizing place-based culturally significant entities for collaborative management approaches on Bundjalung Country in coastal eastern Australia. We found some congruence and some important differences between culturally significant entities priorities and management compared with the colonial focus of threatened species management underpinned by current laws and policies. We provide reproduceable methods and a demonstration of successful local culturally significant entities designation and prioritization in an Australian context that highlights opportunities for Indigenous leadership, supported by governments in the designation and management of culturally significant entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan Goolmeer
- Melbourne Biodiversity Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Oliver Costello
- Jagun Alliance Aboriginal Corporation, Bundjalung Country, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anja Skroblin
- Melbourne Biodiversity Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Libby Rumpff
- Melbourne Biodiversity Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan A Wintle
- Melbourne Biodiversity Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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He F, Svenning JC, Chen X, Tockner K, Kuemmerle T, le Roux E, Moleón M, Gessner J, Jähnig SC. Freshwater megafauna shape ecosystems and facilitate restoration. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1141-1163. [PMID: 38411930 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater megafauna, such as sturgeons, giant catfishes, river dolphins, hippopotami, crocodylians, large turtles, and giant salamanders, have experienced severe population declines and range contractions worldwide. Although there is an increasing number of studies investigating the causes of megafauna losses in fresh waters, little attention has been paid to synthesising the impacts of megafauna on the abiotic environment and other organisms in freshwater ecosystems, and hence the consequences of losing these species. This limited understanding may impede the development of policies and actions for their conservation and restoration. In this review, we synthesise how megafauna shape ecological processes in freshwater ecosystems and discuss their potential for enhancing ecosystem restoration. Through activities such as movement, burrowing, and dam and nest building, megafauna have a profound influence on the extent of water bodies, flow dynamics, and the physical structure of shorelines and substrata, increasing habitat heterogeneity. They enhance nutrient cycling within fresh waters, and cross-ecosystem flows of material, through foraging and reproduction activities. Freshwater megafauna are highly connected to other freshwater organisms via direct consumption of species at different trophic levels, indirect trophic cascades, and through their influence on habitat structure. The literature documenting the ecological impacts of freshwater megafauna is not evenly distributed among species, regions, and types of ecological impacts, with a lack of quantitative evidence for large fish, crocodylians, and turtles in the Global South and their impacts on nutrient flows and food-web structure. In addition, population decline, range contraction, and the loss of large individuals have reduced the extent and magnitude of megafaunal impacts in freshwater ecosystems, rendering a posteriori evaluation more difficult. We propose that reinstating freshwater megafauna populations holds the potential for restoring key ecological processes such as disturbances, trophic cascades, and species dispersal, which will, in turn, promote overall biodiversity and enhance nature's contributions to people. Challenges for restoration actions include the shifting baseline syndrome, potential human-megafauna competition for habitats and resources, damage to property, and risk to human life. The current lack of historical baselines for natural distributions and population sizes of freshwater megafauna, their life history, trophic interactions with other freshwater species, and interactions with humans necessitates further investigation. Addressing these knowledge gaps will improve our understanding of the ecological roles of freshwater megafauna and support their full potential for facilitating the development of effective conservation and restoration strategies to achieve the coexistence of humans and megafauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengbei Street 4888, Changchun, 130102, China
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Xing Chen
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Klement Tockner
- Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany
- Faculty for Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
| | - Elizabeth le Roux
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva S/N, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jörn Gessner
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany
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Levis C, Flores BM, Campos-Silva JV, Peroni N, Staal A, Padgurschi MCG, Dorshow W, Moraes B, Schmidt M, Kuikuro TW, Kuikuro H, Wauja K, Kuikuro K, Kuikuro A, Fausto C, Franchetto B, Watling J, Lima H, Heckenberger M, Clement CR. Contributions of human cultures to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:866-879. [PMID: 38503867 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of globalized industrial societies is causing global warming, ecosystem degradation, and species and language extinctions worldwide. Mainstream conservation efforts still focus on nature protection strategies to revert this crisis, often overlooking the essential roles of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LC) in protecting biodiversity and ecosystems globally. Here we assess the scientific literature to identify relationships between biodiversity (including ecosystem diversity) and cultural diversity, and investigate how these connections may affect conservation outcomes in tropical lowland South America. Our assessment reveals a network of interactions and feedbacks between biodiversity and diverse IP&LC, suggesting interconnectedness and interdependencies from which multiple benefits to nature and societies emerge. We illustrate our findings with five case studies of successful conservation models, described as consolidated or promising 'social-ecological hope spots', that show how engagement with IP&LC of various cultures may be the best hope for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, particularly when aligned with science and technology. In light of these five inspiring cases, we argue that conservation science and policies need to recognize that protecting and promoting both biological and cultural diversities can provide additional co-benefits and solutions to maintain ecosystems resilient in the face of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Affiliated scholar, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Bernardo M Flores
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas aplicadas à Agricultura, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wetherbee Dorshow
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Bruno Moraes
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Morgan Schmidt
- Laboratório de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taku Wate Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Huke Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kumessi Wauja
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kalutata Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Afukaka Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fausto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Visiting Research Scholar, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bruna Franchetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Watling
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Charles R Clement
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Goolmeer T, van Leeuwen S. Indigenous knowledge is saving our iconic species. Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00078-2. [PMID: 37121878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
When a species' last strong foothold occurs on Country, empowering Indigenous-led actions under the collaborative management of culturally significant species is key to species persistence. We examine how Indigenous Australians are using Indigenous knowledge to save the greater bilby, a highly valued species to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan Goolmeer
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Stephen van Leeuwen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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Agricultural Heritage: Contrasting National and International Programs in Brazil and Italy. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural systems comprise an interdisciplinary field that studies the complex dimensions of agriculture. They should not be characterized only by their agricultural value, as they are part of several social, cultural, geological, and historical domains. We carried out quantitative and qualitative research to present and compare the current state of agricultural heritage programs and their development in Brazil and Italy, contrasting with the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). To this end, the history and the extension of these programs and sites were recovered. Moreover, the agricultural landscape diversity, the development of the regions, research and outreach, along with the communities, entities and government bodies involved were identified. Through a combination and quality of technical assessment and communities’ description, the analyzed agricultural heritage programs prove to be an endless source of useful information to the definition of policies aimed at rural areas, in addition to serving as a monitoring tool for many issues regarding biocultural diversity in landscape. Moreover, it shows where there is room for improvement while the countries are committed to engaging in national policies and entities on the promotion of agricultural heritage programs as major steps for investing in the “greening” of agricultural policies at different levels.
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Abstract
Consuming wildmeat may protect against iron-deficiency anemia, a serious public health problem globally. Contributing to debates on the linkages between wildmeat and the health of forest-proximate people, we investigate whether wildmeat consumption is associated with hemoglobin concentration in rural and urban children (< 5 years old) in central Brazilian Amazonia. Because dietary practices mediate the potential nutritional benefits of wildmeat, we also examined whether its introduction into children's diets is influenced by rural/urban location or household socio-economic characteristics. Sampling 610 children, we found that wildmeat consumption is associated with higher hemoglobin concentration among the rural children most vulnerable to poverty, but not in the least vulnerable rural, or urban children. Rural caregivers share wildmeat with children earlier-in-life than urban caregivers, potentially because of cultural differences, lower access to domesticated meat, and higher wildmeat consumption by rural households (four times the urban average). If wildmeat becomes unavailable through stricter regulations or over-harvesting, we predict a ~ 10% increased prevalence of anemia among extremely poor rural children. This modest protective effect indicates that ensuring wildmeat access is, alone, insufficient to control anemia. Sustainable wildlife management could enhance the nutritional benefits of wildlife for vulnerable Amazonians, but reducing multidimensional poverty and improving access to quality healthcare are paramount.
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7
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Gamarra N, Hawes J, Costa A, Vieira F, Rodrigues A, Ladle R, Malhado A, Campos-Silva J. Arapaima Co-Management Through The Lens Of The Protected Areas Assets Framework. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Consorte-McCrea A, Kolipaka S, Owens JR, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Waters S. Guidelines to Facilitate Human-Wildlife Interactions in Conservation Translocations. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.788520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species reintroductions and translocations are widely used management interventions to restore locally extinct or augment severely depleted species. In such projects, the human dimension issues that influence the success of these conservation interventions are encountered at five different stages of the project life cycle: (1) planning, (2) initiation, (3) implementation, (4) ending stage, and (5) post-exit. Overlooking or failing to consider the human dimension in any of these phases could jeopardise the conservation translocation project's success. When the human dimensions are included there is greater possibility of community involvement, peers' acceptance and support from various interest groups and avoidance of conflict situations. The Human-Wildlife Interactions Working Group (HWIWG) was formed in 2018 by members of the IUCN Conservation Translocation Specialist Group (CTSG). HWIWG has facilitated online discussions and workshops with practitioners, researchers and academics from across the globe, on a range of aspects of human-wildlife interactions in conservation translocations, as well as leading discussion sessions during international research conferences. These events have provided a rich source of material from which to draw a series of recommendations. In this paper we discuss findings from the HWIWG that illustrate how, in each of the five stages of the project life cycle, human-dimensions influenced conservation translocation projects. Our aim is to provide useful and multidimensional insights for those working in species' reintroductions and translocations.
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9
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Axelsson EP, Grady KC. Symphony for the native wood(s): Global reforestation as an opportunity to develop a culture of conservation. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Petter Axelsson
- Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Kevin C. Grady
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
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Sena PHA, Gonçalves‐Souza T, Gonçalves PHS, Ferreira PSM, Gusmão RAF, Melo FPL. Biocultural restoration improves delivery of ecosystem services in social‐ecological landscapes. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. A. Sena
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada, Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av Prof Moraes Rego SN Recife Brasil 50670901 Brazil
- Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza
- Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Paulo H. S. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av Prof Moraes Rego SN Recife Brasil 50670901 Brazil
| | - Paulo S. M. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza 60020‐181 Brazil
| | - Reginaldo A. F. Gusmão
- Laboratório de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife 52171‐900 Brazil
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada, Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av Prof Moraes Rego SN Recife Brasil 50670901 Brazil
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11
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Sustainable-use protected areas catalyze enhanced livelihoods in rural Amazonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105480118. [PMID: 34580218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105480118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding new pathways for reconciling socioeconomic well-being and nature sustainability is critically important for contemporary societies, especially in tropical developing countries where sustaining local livelihoods often clashes with biodiversity conservation. Many projects aimed at reconciling the goals of biodiversity conservation and social aspirations within protected areas (PAs) have failed on one or both counts. Here, we investigate the social consequences of living either inside or outside sustainable-use PAs in the Brazilian Amazon, using data from more than 100 local communities along a 2,000-km section of a major Amazonian river. The PAs in this region are now widely viewed as conservation triumphs, having implemented community comanagement of fisheries and recovery of overexploited wildlife populations. We document clear differences in social welfare in communities inside and outside PAs. Specifically, communities inside PAs enjoy better access to health care, education, electricity, basic sanitation, and communication infrastructure. Moreover, living within a PA was the strongest predictor of household wealth, followed by cash-transfer programs and the number of people per household. These collective cobenefits clearly influence life satisfaction, with only 5% of all adult residents inside PAs aspiring to move to urban centers, compared with 58% of adults in unprotected areas. Our results clearly demonstrate that large-scale "win-win" conservation solutions are possible in tropical countries with limited financial and human resources and reinforce the need to genuinely empower local people in integrated conservation-development programs.
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Lopes PFM, Hanazaki N, Nakamura EM, Salivonchyk S, Begossi A. What fisher diets reveal about fish stocks. AMBIO 2021; 50:1851-1865. [PMID: 33677808 PMCID: PMC8363708 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tracking fish consumption could provide additional information on changes to fish stocks, one of the planet's main protein sources. We used data on seafood consumption in fishing villages in Brazil over time to test for changes in: species richness, diversity, and composition, fish size and trophic levels, consumption of endangered species, and functional diversity (namely, species with different behavioral and habitat preferences). Our results demonstrate the potential to include this additional data source to complement fisheries data, especially in data-poor countries. With respect to Brazil specifically, we identified a decrease in both the average trophic level and size of the species consumed. While the consumption of endangered species had always been low, most of these species changed over time, thereby suggesting that many, especially elasmobranchs, may have become rare on the plates. Although it may be hard to fully isolate cultural changes from biodiversity changes when it comes to analyzing consumption data, by examining diets it is possible to identify aspects worth investigating further, such as, whether the decrease in dietary trophic levels mirrors a decrease in environmental trophic levels. In places where fisheries data are either inexistent or limited, diet track surveys, such as household expenditure programs, can help trace the changes caused by fisheries in stocks and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila F. M. Lopes
- Departament of Ecology, Universidade Federal Do RioGrande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Natália Hanazaki
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Campus Universitário, Sala 009 Bloco C - Córrego Grande, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Elaine M. Nakamura
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Campus Universitário, Sala 010 Bloco C - Córrego Grande, CEP: 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Svetlana Salivonchyk
- Institute for Nature Management, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alpina Begossi
- CAPESCA, NEPA, UNICAMP SP, Rua Albert Einstein 291, Campinas, SP 13083-852 Brazil
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Chaves WA, Valle D, Tavares AS, Morcatty TQ, Wilcove DS. Impacts of rural to urban migration, urbanization, and generational change on consumption of wild animals in the Amazon. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1186-1197. [PMID: 33124717 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time in history, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas. This trend is likely to continue, driven largely by rural-to-urban migration. We investigated how rural-to-urban migration, urbanization, and generational change affect the consumption of wild animals. We used chelonian (tortoises and freshwater turtles), one of the most hunted taxa in the Amazon, as a model. We surveyed 1356 households and 2776 school children across 10 urban areas of the Brazilian Amazon (6 small towns, 3 large towns, and Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon Basin) with a randomized response technique and anonymous questionnaires. Urban demand for wild meat (i.e., meat from wild animals) was alarmingly high. Approximately 1.7 million turtles and tortoises were consumed in urban areas of Amazonas during 2018. Consumption rates declined as size of the urban area increased and were greater for adults than children. Furthermore, the longer rural-to-urban migrants lived in urban areas, the lower their consumption rates. These results suggest that wild meat consumption is a rural-related tradition that decreases as urbanization increases and over time after people move to urban areas. However, it is unclear whether the observed decline will be fast enough to conserve hunted species, or whether children's consumption rate will remain the same as they become adults. Thus, conservation actions in urban areas are still needed. Current conservation efforts in the Amazon do not address urban demand for wildlife and may be insufficient to ensure the survival of traded species in the face of urbanization and human population growth. Our results suggest that conservation interventions must target the urban demand for wildlife, especially by focusing on young people and recent rural to urban migrants. Article impact statement: Amazon urbanite consumption of wildlife is high but decreases with urbanization, over time for rural to urban migrants, and between generations. Impactos de la Migración del Campo a la Ciudad, la Urbanización y del Cambio Generacional sobre el Consumo de Animales Silvestres en el Amazonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willandia A Chaves
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Cheatham Hall, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, U.S.A
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, Manaus AM. Campus Universitário, Setor Norte, ICHL, NEPECAB, Manaus, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Denis Valle
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, McCarty Hall C, PO Box 110339, Gainesville, FL, 32011, U.S.A
| | - Aline S Tavares
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, Manaus AM. Campus Universitário, Setor Norte, ICHL, NEPECAB, Manaus, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Q Morcatty
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX30BP, U.K
- RedeFauna - Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da fauna da Amazônia, Brazil
| | - David S Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
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Ferreira RP, Lopes PFM, Campos-Silva JV, Silvano RAM, Begossi A. The Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon: past and present†. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239188. [PMID: 34133557 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian livelihoods are largely dependent on rivers, with local protein consumption mainly relying on several species of fish. The UJER (Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve - Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá) is located in the state of Acre, bordering Peru and several indigenous areas. Here we summarize the data we collected in 1993/1994 on the population living along the banks of the Juruá, Tejo, Bagé, Igarapé São João and Breu rivers on crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and use of game and fish resources. We interviewed 133 individuals (94 on the Juruá and Tejo, 16 on Bagé, 16 on Igarapé São João and 7 on Breu rivers). Our results include a comprehensive description on local livelihoods, including the most important fish species for local subsistence considering gender and seasonality, the main husbandry and game species, and the items cultivated on the local agriculture. Whenever more recent information was available in the literature, we compared changes in livelihoods over time in the same region and also with the recent patterns observed in the Lower and in the Middle Juruá River. We hope to provide useful information to understand temporal changes in local livelihoods, which can help adapt and shape the ecological management in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ferreira
- Graduate Program/Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - P F M Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, Fisheries management, Ecology and Economics Group, Natal, RN, Brasil.,Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J V Campos-Silva
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Ås, Norway.,Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - R A M Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Ecologia e Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - IB, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - A Begossi
- Graduate Program/Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Programa de Capacitação de Pescadores - CAPESCA, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação - NEPA, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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15
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Campos-Silva JV, Peres CA, Hawes JE, Abrahams MI, Andrade PCM, Davenport L. Community-based conservation with formal protection provides large collateral benefits to Amazonian migratory waterbirds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250022. [PMID: 33831125 PMCID: PMC8031428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of migratory waterbirds are facing dramatic declines worldwide due to illegal hunting, habitat loss and climate change. Conservation strategies to reverse these trends are imperative, especially in tropical developing countries, which almost invariably allocate insufficient levels of investment for environmental protection. Here, we compared the effectiveness of sustainable-use Protected Areas (PAs) and Community-based Conservation (CBC) arrangements for the conservation of migratory waterbirds that breed on seasonal riverine sandy beaches in Brazilian Amazonia. We modeled local population responses of four migratory waterbird species on 155 beaches along a ~1,600 km section of a major tributary of the Amazon, as a function of community enforcement, official protection status, human pressure and landscape features. We show that 21 community-protected beaches within the study area host more than 80% of all sampled birds. Black Skimmers showed the most dramatic response, with breeding numbers 135-fold larger in CBC arrangements compared to beaches with no official protection status. The same pattern was observed for nesting Large-Billed and Yellow-Billed Terns. For the Near Threatened Orinoco Goose, PA status was the strongest predictor of local population size. These dramatic results demonstrate the value of protected refugia, achieved through the concerted action of participating local communities, to support breeding populations of key waterbird species. This highly-effective and low-cost conservation model can potentially be replicated in other regions of the developing world experiencing increasingly intensive exploitation of riverine natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I Abrahams
- Field Conservation and Science Department, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo C M Andrade
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Laboratório de Animais Silvestres, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lisa Davenport
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Herse MR, Tylianakis JM, Scott NJ, Brown D, Cranwell I, Henry J, Pauling C, McIntosh AR, Gormley AM, Lyver PO. Effects of customary egg harvest regimes on hatching success of a culturally important waterfowl species. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Herse
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Nigel J. Scott
- Te Ao TūroaTe Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu Christchurch New Zealand
- Ngāi TūāhuririTe Ngāi Tūāhuriri Rūnanga Tuahiwi New Zealand
| | - Donald Brown
- Ngāi Te RuahikikiTe Taumutu Rūnanga Leeston New Zealand
| | - Iaean Cranwell
- Kāti IrakehuWairewa Rūnanga Little River New Zealand
- Kāti KurīWairewa Rūnanga Little River New Zealand
- Kāti MakōWairewa Rūnanga Little River New Zealand
| | - John Henry
- Kāti Huirapa o Arowhenua Temuku New Zealand
| | - Craig Pauling
- Ngāi TūāhuririTe Ngāi Tūāhuriri Rūnanga Tuahiwi New Zealand
- Ngāi Te RuahikikiTe Taumutu Rūnanga Leeston New Zealand
- Ngāi Te RakiwhakaputaTe Taumutu Rūnanga Leeston New Zealand
| | - Angus R. McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
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Larsen DA, Makaure J, Ryan SJ, Stewart D, Traub A, Welsh R, Love DH, Bisesi JH. Implications of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Net Fishing in Lower Income Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:15001. [PMID: 33417508 PMCID: PMC7793550 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are highly effective for the control of malaria. Yet widely distributed ITNs have been repurposed as fishing nets throughout the world. OBJECTIVES Herein we present a synthesis of the current knowledge of ITN fishing and the toxicity of pyrethroids and discuss the potential implications of widespread fishing with ITNs. We further review effective management strategies in tropical fisheries to explore a framework for managing potential ITN fishing impacts. DISCUSSION Pyrethroids are toxic to fish and aquatic environments, and fishing with ITNs may endanger the health of fisheries. Furthermore, although human toxicity to the pyrethroid insecticides that impregnate ITNs is traditionally thought to be low, recent scientific advances have shown that pyrethroid exposure is associated with a host of human health issues, including neurocognitive developmental disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although it is known that ITN fishing is widespread, the implications for both fisheries and human communities is understudied and may be severe. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7001.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Makaure
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Donald Stewart
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Adrianne Traub
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rick Welsh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Deirdre H. Love
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph H. Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Ferreira JC, Mayor P, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Valsecchi J, Nijman V, Fa JE. Social and Biological Correlates of Wild Meat Consumption and Trade by Rural Communities in the Jutaí River Basin, Central Amazonia. J ETHNOBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani R. El Bizri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, U.K
| | | | | | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - João Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - John E. Fa
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, U.K
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20
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Jacobi CM, Villamarín F, Campos-Silva JV, Jardine T, Magnusson WE. Feeding of Arapaima sp.: integrating stomach contents and local ecological knowledge. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:265-272. [PMID: 32383478 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The giant arapaima (Arapaima sp.) has been described as a fish of change in Amazonia because of its important role in the conservation of floodplains, food security and income generation for rural communities. Nonetheless, despite the cultural, ecological and economic importance of arapaima, data on diet are scarce. Aiming to expand knowledge about arapaima diet in western Amazonia, scientific knowledge was integrated with the knowledge of local dwellers. During the low-water period (September 2018) and the falling-water period (June 2019), arapaima stomachs were collected from 11 floodplain lakes in the middle Juruá River. All fishes were measured [TL (total length)] and sexed. Food items from each stomach were categorized as fishes, invertebrates, plants and bone remains and weighed. Also, in the latter period, experienced local fishers were interviewed about arapaima feeding. This integrated approach revealed that young arapaima eat fish and invertebrates but adult arapaima eat fish of a wide range of species, which were mainly of low and intermediate trophic positions. This study reports the first case of cannibalism for arapaima and also shows that during the low-water period, many individuals had empty stomachs or only some small fish-bone remains and/or plant material. Arapaima sex and TL had no influence on the absence of prey in stomach contents. Overall, it can be concluded that local people had consistent ethnobiological knowledge of arapaima feeding ecology that could be useful within management projects in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Jacobi
- Department of Ecology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Francisco Villamarín
- Department of Biogeografia y Ecología Espacial, Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Universidad Regional Amazónica - Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
| | - João V Campos-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Timothy Jardine
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - William E Magnusson
- Department of Ecology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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