1
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Xiao Y, Mu X, Chen S, Jiang G, Xu Z, Ma C, Song L, Hu Y. Biomass-derived polyphosphazene toward simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137058. [PMID: 36419266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most widely used polymers, the intrinsic brittleness and high flammability bring about a stringent requirement for the practical application of epoxy resins (EPs). It is difficult to toughen EP without compromising its mechanical and thermal properties for many conventional toughening agents. Here, a novel furan-derived bio-based polyphosphazene (PFMP) with a flexible backbone and rigid side groups was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction between polydichlorophosphazene (PDCP) and furfuralcohol. The resultant PFMP was incorporated into EP to realize exceptional toughening, strengthening, and flame retardant function. By adding 15% of PFMP, the limit oxygen index value is from 25% (EP) to 33% (EP/PFMP-15) and reaches the UL-94 V-0 rating. According to the cone calorimeter results, EP/PFMP-15 exhibits exceedingly reduced peak heat release rate (pHRR) (50.2%) and total heat release (THR) (49.6%). The significantly increased fire performance index (FPI) and decreased fire growth rate index (FIGRA) of EP/PFMP-15 demonstrate an improvement in its flame retardancy. The catalytic carbonization effect (condensed phase) and radical quenching effect (gas phase) of PFMP account for the greatly improved flame retardancy. Moreover, the impact and tensile tests indicate that PFMP can ameliorate the mechanical performance of EP with a maximum increase of impact strength (111.8%) and elongation at break (35.2%) for EP/PFMP-5. With 15% PFMP added, the tensile strength of EP/PFMP-15 increases by 40.4%. This work demonstrates that PFMP is expected to overcome shortcomings (flammability, toughness, and strength) of EP and spread its applied fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Siqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Guangyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
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2
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Heteroatom ternary-doped porous carbons derived from poly (cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4-aminophenylether) microspheres as electrodes for supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Zou S, Dang L, Li P, Zhu J, Lan S, Zhu D. Organic-Inorganic Modification of Magnesium Borate Rod by Layered Double Hydroxide and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane and Its Effect on the Properties of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173661. [PMID: 36080736 PMCID: PMC9459924 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To alleviate the safety hazards associated with the use of epoxy resin (EP), a multifunctional filler was designed. This study firstly combines the superior mechanical properties of magnesium borate rods (MBR) with the excellent smoke suppression and flame-retardant characteristics of layered double hydroxide (LDH). H2PO4- intercalated LDH (LDHP) was coated on the MBR surface to obtain inorganic composite particles MBR@LDHP. Subsequently, MBR@LDHP was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APES) to obtain organic-inorganic composite particles MBR@LDHP-APES. Eventually, the hybrid particles were added to EP to prepare the composite materials. Thereafter, the morphology, composition, and structure of MBR@LDHP-APES were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated the successful preparation of MBR@LDHP-APES, after which we investigated the effects of MBR@LDHP-APES on the smoke suppression, flame retardancy, and mechanical characteristics of EP. As observed, the EP composites containing 7.5 wt% MBR@LDHP-APES exhibited superior smoke suppression and flame retardancy abilities. The limiting oxygen index reached 33.5%, which is 36.73% greater than pure EP, and the lowest values of total heat and smoke release were observed for the composite materials. In addition, the mechanical properties test revealed that MBR@LDHP-APES considerably enhanced the tensile strength as well as the flexural strength of the composites. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggested that the barrier effect of MBR, endothermic decomposition of LDHP, and the synergistic effect of LDHP and APES contributed essentially to the smoke suppression and flame-retardant properties of the material. The findings of this research point to a potential method for enhancing the EP's ability to suppress smoke and flames while enhancing its mechanical properties.
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5
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Han X, Guo Y, Cai H, Li X, Ding J, Zhao X, Zhou H, Guo W, Huang W, Zhao T. Synergistic effects of a half‐cage and cage structure phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing
POSS
with tetrabutyl titanate on flame retardancy of vinyl epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Xiang Li
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Jiangnan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Wantao Guo
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Luoyang Henan Province China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
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6
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Xu WH, Yan SJ, Zhao JQ. High performance flame-retardant organic-inorganic hybrid epoxy composites with POSS and DOPO-based co-curing agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8559-8568. [PMID: 35424791 PMCID: PMC8984817 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and a highly effective 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based flame retardant co-curing agent (D-bp) were chemically introduced into the 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy system to create organic–inorganic hybrid epoxy composites with simultaneously improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The results revealed that POSS/D-bp/DGEBA hybrid composites exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, in which the V-0 criterion of the UL-94 test was passed and the peak of heat release rate (P-HRR) was significantly decreased from 939 to 371 kW m−2 when the phosphorus content was only 0.25 wt%. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased by 16.2 °C and obvious improvement in the mechanical properties was also evidenced. This paper introduces flame-retardant organic–inorganic hybrid epoxy composites possessing excellent comprehensive performance, which results from the phosphorus–silicon synergistic flame retardant effect of the glycidyl POSS and DOPO derivative.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning Guangxi 530006 PR China
| | - Shi-Jing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning Guangxi 530006 PR China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 PR China
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7
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Feng H, Li D, Cheng B, Song T, Yang R. A cross-linked charring strategy for mitigating the hazards of smoke and heat of aluminum diethylphosphonate/polyamide 6 by caged octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127420. [PMID: 34736179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum diethylphosphonate (ADP) is a highly efficient phosphorus-based flame retardant, widely used in polyamide 6 (PA6). However, ADP/PA6 releases large amounts of heat and smoke under high heat flux, which commonly means serious hazards to life and property. Octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (OPS) is an organic-inorganic hybrid silicon compound, playing flame retardant role in condensed phase. In this work, combustion behaviors of OPS/ADP/PA6 were investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL94 and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The LOI and UL94 rating results did not change obviously, while the CONE data and smoke density data showed the synergistic effect of OPS and ADP in PA6. For 2.5%OPS/7.5%ADP/PA6, the peak values of heat, smoke and CO release rate (pk-HRR, pk-RSR, Ds, max with/without pilot flame and pk-COP) decreased by 60.2%, 82.1%, 45.9%/38.3% and 80.4% respectively, compared with 10%ADP/PA6. Moreover, 2.5%OPS/7.5%ADP/PA6 produced 337.5% more residue than 10%ADP/PA6. TGA, TG-IR, SEM-EDS, XPS and py-GC/MS were used to further explore the synergistic mechanism of OPS and ADP. It was verified that the cross-linked charring strategy apparently has weakened the hazards of smoke and heat of PA6. This work proposed a possible technical approach to solve both fire risk and heat/smoke hazards of PA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China; School of Fire Protection Engineering, China People's Police University, 220 Xichang Road, Anci District, 065000 Langfang, PR China
| | - Dinghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Tinglu Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
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8
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Feng Y, Wu W, Wang Z, Zhao T. POSS
‐modified ammonium polyphosphate for improving flame retardant of epoxy resins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Feng
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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9
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Han Y, Zhao H, Chen J, Wang X, Chen L, Ran D, Wang Z, Zeng P. A new phosphorus flame‐retard curing agent for epoxy resin/anhydride system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Jichuan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Di Ran
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Panjin Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
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10
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Abid MA, Hussain S, Intisar A, Rizwan M, Ain Q, Mutahir Z, Yar M, Aamir A, Qureshi AK, Jamil M. Synthesis, characterization, hydrolytic degradation, mathematical modeling and antibacterial activity of poly[bis((methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP). Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Birong Z, Ruirui Z, Xianghong Z, Jianyu Y, Jinmei C, Yiting X, Conghui Y, Lizong D. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrided with
DOPO
and phenylboronic acid for flame‐retarded epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Birong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zhou Ruirui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zheng Xianghong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Ye Jianyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Chen Jinmei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Xu Yiting
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yuan Conghui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Dai Lizong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen China
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12
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Luo W, Li Z, Luo H, Liu Y, Xia G, Zhu H, Zhou J, Yu D, Zhang J, Song J, Duan Z, Qiao Y, Tang J, Wang Y, Meng C. Preparation of Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber Foam with Excellent Flame Retardancy. SCANNING 2021; 2021:9976005. [PMID: 34104288 PMCID: PMC8163528 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9976005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To retard the spread of fire in many cases with sealing materials is significant. A series of silicone rubber foam materials were prepared with room temperature vulcanization and foaming reactions. The morphology, chemical structure, cell structure, and thermal stability were investigated and results proved that the synthesis of silicone rubber was successful in a wide range of feed ratios. The fire-retardant tests were carried out to study the fire-proof property of the composite materials, and the excellent performance showed a promising prospect for wide application in sealing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Luo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Haihua Luo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Guojiang Xia
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Hangtian Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Ding Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Jianghang Song
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Zhengzhou Duan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yanxin Qiao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Jijun Tang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Chunfeng Meng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
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13
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Han X, Zhang X, Guo Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhou H, Zhang S, Zhao T. Synergistic Effects of Ladder and Cage Structured Phosphorus-Containing POSS with Tetrabutyl Titanate on Flame Retardancy of Vinyl Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091363. [PMID: 33921920 PMCID: PMC8122454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cage and ladder structured phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (DOPO-POSS) have been synthesized through the hydrolytic condensation of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES). The unique ladder and cage–ladder structured components in DOPO-POSS endowed it with good solubility in vinyl epoxy resin (VE), and it was used with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) to construct a phosphorus-silicon-titanium synergy system for the flame retardation of VE. Thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the resultant VE composites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), three-point bending tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, and cone calorimetry. The experimental results showed that with the addition of only 4 wt% DOPO-POSS and 0.5 wt% TBT, the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) increased from 19.5 of pure VE to 24.2. With the addition of DOPO-POSS and TBT, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) were decreased significantly compared to VE-0. In addition, the VE composites showed improved thermal stabilities and mechanical properties comparable to that of the VE-0. The investigations on pyrolysis volatiles of cured VE further revealed that DOPO-POSS and TBT exerted flame retardant effects in gas phase. The results of char residue of the VE composites by SEM and XPS showed that TBT and DOPO-POSS can accelerate the char formation during the combustion, forming an interior char layer with the honeycomb cavity structure and dense exterior char layer, making the char strong with the formation of Si-O-Ti and Ti-O-P structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xianyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Songli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
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14
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Liu Z, Yu Z, Qiaolin T, Kaixin Z, Weihao D, Lewen Z, Rong W, Jin C, Jingjing D, Wang L, Qiwei W, Mingjun C, Zhiguo L. Highly efficient flame‐retardant and transparent epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhao Yu
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Tang Qiaolin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhang Kaixin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Deng Weihao
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Zhang Lewen
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Wang Rong
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Jin
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | | | - Liao Wang
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Wang Qiwei
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Chen Mingjun
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Liu Zhiguo
- School of Science Xihua University Chengdu China
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15
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Weinert M, Döring M. N‐phosphorylated Iminophosphoranes based on 9,
10‐Dihydro
‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide and their flame‐retardant behavior in epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinert
- Division Energetic Materials Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, ICT 76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - Manfred Döring
- Division Plastics Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF 64289 Darmstadt Germany
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16
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Effect of Cyclotriphosphazene-Based Curing Agents on the Flame Resistance of Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010008. [PMID: 33375094 PMCID: PMC7792796 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are characterized by excellent properties such as chemical resistance, shape stability, hardness and heat resistance, but they present low flame resistance. In this work, the synthesized derivatives, namely hexacyclohexylamino-cyclotriphosphazene (HCACTP) and novel diaminotetracyclohexylamino-cyclotriphosphazene (DTCATP), were applied as curing agents for halogen-free flame retarding epoxy materials. The thermal properties and combustion behavior of the cured epoxy resins were investigated. The obtained results revealed that the application of both derivatives significantly increased flame resistance. The epoxy resins cured with HCACTP and DTCATP exhibited lower total heat release together with lower total smoke production compared to the epoxy materials based on conventional curing agents (dipropylenetriamine and ethylenediamine). Comparing both derivatives, the HCACTP-cured epoxy resin was found to provide a higher flame resistance. The designed novel class of epoxy materials may be used for the preparation of materials with improved flame resistance properties in terms of flame spreading and smoke inhibition.
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Szołyga M, Dutkiewicz M, Nowicki M, Sałasińska K, Celiński M, Marciniec B. Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5373. [PMID: 33256208 PMCID: PMC7730412 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two phosphorus-containing cage-like silsesquioxane derivatives were synthesized as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin. The silsesquioxanes were obtained via an epoxide ring-opening reaction using a 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPA). In one derivative containing in its structure 4 glycidoxypropyl and 4 phosphate groups, denoted as 4P4GS, only half of the epoxy rings was reacted with phosphate to obtain a reactive additive, while in the second derivative containing 8 phosphate groups, denoted as 8PS, all epoxy groups were converted, thus an additive modifier was obtained. The silsesquioxanes containing phosphorus atoms and the reactive phosphorus-free silsesquioxane derivative (octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (8GS)) were used to prepare hybrid materials based on epoxy resin. To compare the impact of the structure of silsesquioxane derivatives on the properties of hybrid materials, a number of samples containing 1, 5, and 10% of the modifiers making a series of epoxy materials containing additive or reactive modifiers, were obtained. The modified epoxies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, water contact angle, and cone calorimetry tests to assess the effects of the modifier structure on the physicochemical properties of the investigated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Szołyga
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Dutkiewicz
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (M.N.)
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubiez 46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Nowicki
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Kamila Sałasińska
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maciej Celiński
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Bogdan Marciniec
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.); (M.N.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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18
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Chen X, Zhang X, Kuang S, Jiao C, Li S. Superior fire safety performances of chelates copper(
II
) salicylaldehyde complexes with intumescent flame retardant
TPU. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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19
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Zhai C, Xin F, Cai L, Chen Y, Qian L. Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame‐retarded by diphenylphosphinyl‐POSS. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Fei Xin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Liyun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Huateng Hightech Co., Ltd Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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20
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Qin Z, Zhang X, Yang F, Qiao L, Yang R. Mechanical and flame‐retardant properties and thermal decomposition of vinyl ester resin modified by different phenyl silsesquioxanes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Liang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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21
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Bo C, Shi Z, Hu L, Pan Z, Hu Y, Yang X, Jia P, Ren X, Zhang M, Zhou Y. Cardanol derived P, Si and N based precursors to develop flame retardant phenolic foam. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12082. [PMID: 32694665 PMCID: PMC7374163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel eco-friendly halogen-free cardanol-based flame retardant with P, Si, and N on the chain backbone (PSNCFR) was synthesized and incorporated into phenolic foams (PFs). PSNCFR was comprehensively investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. PSNCFR endowed PFs with flame retardancy, contributed to generating a composite char defense against flames, and efficiently prevented smoking from PFs. PSNCFR introduction improved the flexural strength of the PFs to approximately 155% of that of pristine PF. PSNCFR-modified PFs displayed a high limiting oxygen index value of 41.9%. The results of cone calorimeter show that the mean heat release rate, mean effective heat of combustion, and total heat release of the PSNCFR-modified PFs reduced by 26.92%, 35.71%, and 31.25%, respectively. In particular, the total smoke production of the PSNCFR-modified PFs decreased by 64.55%, indicating excellent smoke inhibition. As for the mechanism, the condensation and gas phases during pyrolysis were responsible for the synergistic flame retardancy in the modified PFs. The findings demonstrate that PSNCFR can be used in PF preparation to overcome their drawbacks of internal brittleness and flammability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Bo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhongyu Shi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Key Laboratory Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
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22
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Liu L, Zhang W, Yang R. Flame retardant epoxy composites with epoxy‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leichun Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Material, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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23
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Bao Q, Wang B, Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang Z. Epoxy resin flame retarded and toughed via flexible siloxane chain containing phosphaphenanthrene. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Highly Effective Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams: Fabrication and Applications in Inhibition of Coal Combustion. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111776. [PMID: 31671837 PMCID: PMC6918278 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The extemporaneous combustion of coal remains a major threat to safety in coal mines because such fire accidents result in casualties and significant property loss, as well as serious environmental pollution. This work proposed the fabrication of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) containing expandable graphite as char expander/sealant with melamine phosphosphate and 2-carboxyethyl (phenyl)phosphinic acid as char inducer and radical trapping agents. The as-prepared RPUF successfully inhibited coal combustion by forming thermally stable high graphitic content expandable intumescent char sealing over the coal. The RPUF achieved UL-94 V-0 rating in addition to significant reductions in peak heat release, total heat release, and CO and CO2 yields. The external and the internal residual char structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and real-time Fourier transform infrared spectra techniques, and a flame-retardant mode of action has been proposed. This work provides important insight into a facile fabrication of highly efficient and economical flame-retardant RPUF to inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal.
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25
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Zeng G, Wang K, Zhang W, Yang R. Flame retardant and mechanism of vinyl ester resin modified by octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
| | - Kang Wang
- Shandong Nonmetallic Materials Institute Jinan 250031 China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China
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26
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Impacts of multi-element flame retardants on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and pyrolysis behavior of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Wang G, Xu W, Chen R, Li W, Liu Y, Yang K. Synergistic effect between zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 and expandable graphite to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of polyurethane elastomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guisong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Jianzhu University 292 Ziyun Road Hefei 230601 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Jianzhu University 292 Ziyun Road Hefei 230601 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Jianzhu University 292 Ziyun Road Hefei 230601 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Jianzhu University 292 Ziyun Road Hefei 230601 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Jianzhu University 292 Ziyun Road Hefei 230601 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringAnhui Jianzhu University 292 Ziyun Road Hefei 230601 Anhui Province People's Republic of China
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28
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Liu L, Wang W, Shi Y, Fu L, Xu L, Yu B. Electrostatic-Interaction-Driven Assembly of Binary Hybrids towards Fire-Safe Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020229. [PMID: 30960213 PMCID: PMC6419034 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese dioxide (MnO2), as a promising green material, has recently attracted considerable attention of researchers from various fields. In this work, a facile method was introduced to prepare binary hybrids by fabricating three-dimensional (3D) zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) cubes on two-dimensional (2D) MnO2 nanosheets towards excellent flame retardancy and toxic effluent elimination of epoxy (EP) resin. Microstructural analysis confirmed that the morphologies and structures of MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids were well characterized, implying the successful synthesis. Additionally, the morphological characterization indicated that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids could achieve satisfactory interfacial interaction with the EP matrix and be well dispersed in nanocomposites. Cone calorimeter test suggested that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids effectively suppressed the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of EP nanocomposites, performing better than MnO2 or ZHS alone. Condensed-phase analysis revealed that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids could promote the char density and graphitization degree of char residues and thereby successfully retard the permeation of oxygen and flammable gases. Moreover, through the analysis of gas phase, it can be concluded that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids could efficiently suppress the production of toxic gases during the degradation of EP nanocomposites. This work implies that the construction of 2D/3D binary hybrids with an interfacial interaction is an effective way to fabricate high-performance flame retardants for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 5999 Xiyou Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Anhui 230026, China.
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong.
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29
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Liu H, Wu W, He S, Song Q, Li W, Zhang J, Qu H, Xu J. Activated carbon spheres (ACS)@SnO2
@NiO with a 3D nanospherical structure and its synergistic effect with AHP on improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
| | - Weihong Wu
- College of Science; Agriculture University of Hebei; Baoding China
| | - Shaorui He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
| | - Qingyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
| | - Weihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
| | - Hongqiang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, The Flame Retardant Materials and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding China
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30
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Cai W, Mu X, Pan Y, Guo W, Wang J, Yuan B, Feng X, Tai Q, Hu Y. Facile fabrication of organically modified boron nitride nanosheets and its effect on the thermal stability, flame retardant, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ying Pan
- Institute of Environmental Materials and Applications, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering; Hangzhou Dianzi University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui 230026 China
| | - Junling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui 230026 China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Qilong Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui 230026 China
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