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Terán E, Lozano R, Rodríguez CA, Abad M, Figuero L, Muñoz JA, Cigarral B, Rodrígues A, Sancho M, Gómez MA, Morchón D, Montero JC, Sayagués JM, Ludeña MD, Fonseca E. PIK3CA mutational status in tissue and plasma as a prognostic biomarker in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70101. [PMID: 39235099 PMCID: PMC11375731 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hotspots (HS) mutations in the PIK3CA gene may lead to poorer oncological outcomes and endocrine resistance in advanced breast cancer (BC), but their prognostic role in early-stage disease remains controversial. The overall agreement within plasma and tissue methods has not been well explored. Our aim was to correlate tissue and plasma approaches and to analyze the prognostic impact of PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAm) in HR+/HER2- BC. METHODS A retrospective and unicentric analysis of PIK3CA mutational status in tissue and plasma samples by Cobas®PIK3CA Mutation Kit in patients with HR+/HER2- BC. RESULTS We analyzed 225 samples from 161 patients with luminal BC. PIK3CA mutations were identified in 62 patients (38.5%), of which 39.6% were found in tissue and 11.8% in plasma. In advanced disease, plasma and tissue correlation rate was performed in 64 cases, with an overall agreement of 70.3%. Eighty patients were treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors + endocrine therapy. We observed a moderately worse progression-free survival (PFS) in PIK3CAm versus wild-type (WT) (24 m vs. 30 m; HR = 1.39, p = 0.26). A subanalysis was carried out based on exons 9 and 20, which showed a statistically poorer PFS in PIK3CAm exon 9 versus 20 population (9.7 m vs. 30.3 m; HR = 2.84; p = 0.024). Furthermore, detection of PIK3CAm in plasma was linked to a worse PFS vs PIK3CAm detection just in tissue (12.4 vs. 29.3; HR = 2.4; p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the PIK3CA evaluation in tissue as the diagnostic method of choice, however, additional investigations are required to improve the role of liquid biopsy in the PIK3CA assessment. PIK3CAm show worse outcomes in advanced luminal BC, especially in exon 9 mutation carriers, despite visceral involvement, prior exposure to endocrine therapy or detection of PIK3CAm in plasma, with an unclear prognosis in early-stage disease. Nonetheless, this should be validated in a prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Terán
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lozano
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - César A Rodríguez
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Figuero
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Muñoz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Cigarral
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Aline Rodrígues
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Sancho
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Asunción Gómez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Morchón
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centers-Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Sayagués
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Dolores Ludeña
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Fonseca
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Bar Y, Keenan JC, Niemierko A, Medford AJ, Isakoff SJ, Ellisen LW, Bardia A, Vidula N. Genomic spectrum of actionable alterations in serial cell free DNA (cfDNA) analysis of patients with metastatic breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38605020 PMCID: PMC11009384 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the incidence and genomic spectrum of actionable alterations (AA) detected in serial cfDNA collections from patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients with MBC who underwent plasma-based cfDNA testing (Guardant360®) between 2015 and 2021 at an academic institution were included. For patients with serial draws, new pathogenic alterations in each draw were classified as actionable alterations (AA) if they met ESCAT I or II criteria of the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT). A total of 344 patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2-) MBC, 95 patients with triple-negative (TN) MBC and 42 patients with HER2-positive (HER2 + ) MBC had a baseline (BL) cfDNA draw. Of these, 139 HR+/HER2-, 33 TN and 13 HER2+ patients underwent subsequent cfDNA draws. In the HR+/HER2- cohort, the proportion of patients with new AA decreased from 63% at BL to 27-33% in the 2nd-4th draws (p < 0.0001). While some of the new AA in subsequent draws from patients with HR+/HER2- MBC were new actionable variants in the same genes that were known to be altered in previous draws, 10-24% of patients had new AA in previously unaltered genes. The incidence of new AA also decreased with subsequent draws in the TN and HER2+ cohorts (TN: 25% to 0-9%, HER2 + : 38% to 14-15%). While the incidence of new AA in serial cfDNA decreased with subsequent draws across all MBC subtypes, new alterations with a potential impact on treatment selection continued to emerge, particularly for patients with HR+/HER2- MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Bar
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | - Arielle J Medford
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven J Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neelima Vidula
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ben Rekaya M, Sassi F, Saied E, Bel Haj Kacem L, Mansouri N, Zarrouk S, Azouz S, Rammeh S. PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer: A Tunisian series. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285413. [PMID: 37195967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20 in breast cancers (BCs) and their association with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS Mutational analysis of PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 was performed by Sanger sequencing in 54 primary BCs of Tunisian women. The associations of PIK3CA mutations with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Fifteen exon 9 and exon 20 PIK3CA variants were identified in 33/54 cases (61%). PIK3CA mutations including pathogenic (class 5/Tier I) or likely pathogenic (class 4/Tier II) occurred in 24/54 cases (44%): 17/24 cases (71%) in exon 9, 5/24 cases (21%) in exon 20 and 2/24 cases (8%) in both exons. Of these 24 cases, 18 (75%) carried at least one of the three hot spot mutations: E545K (in 8 cases), H1047R (in 4 cases), E542K (in 3 cases), E545K/E542K (in one case), E545K/H1047R (in one case) and P539R/H1047R (in one case). Pathogenic PIK3CA mutations were associated with negative lymph node status (p = 0.027). Age distribution, histological SBR tumor grading, estrogen and progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and molecular classification were not correlated with PIK3CA mutations (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The frequency of somatic PIK3CA mutations in BCs of Tunisian women is slightly higher than that of BCs of Caucasian women and more observed in exon 9 than in exon 20. PIK3CA mutated status is associated with negative lymph node status. These data need to be confirmed in larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Rekaya
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR17ES15, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farah Sassi
- Pathology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Essya Saied
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR17ES15, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Linda Bel Haj Kacem
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR17ES15, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Pathology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nada Mansouri
- Pathology Department, Military Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sinda Zarrouk
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Genomics Platform, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saifeddine Azouz
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Genomics Platform, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Rammeh
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR17ES15, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Pathology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Lv W, Du C, Zhang Y, Wu F, Jin Y, Chen X, Liu X, Feng C, Ma X, Zhang S. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of PIK3CA mutation in breast cancer patients in Northwest China. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154063. [PMID: 35994807 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies on PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer (BC) had been performed, which showed the controversial results among different countries and races even those from the same country. The present study aimed to explore the PIK3CA gene mutation status in BC patients in Northwest China and reveal the relationship between PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathological features along with prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1002 BC patients from Northwest China were recruited in this study, genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues, and hotspot mutations in the exon 9 and 20 of PIK3CA gene were detected by ARMS-PCR. RESULTS PIK3CA mutations were found in 31.2% (313/1002) of BC patients, among them 66.1% were mutations in exon 20% and 32.6% were mutations in exon 9. H1047R was the most common mutation type, accounting for 56.5% of the total mutated samples. Significant correlations were observed between PIK3CA mutation status and age (P = 0.035), histopathologic types (P = 0.004), pathological grade (P = 0.013), ER positivity (P < 0.001), PR positivity (P < 0.001), molecular subtypes (P = 0.004) and family history (P = 0.007). Cox multivariate analysis showed that patients with mutations in exon 9 or 20 had shorter DFS and OS than wild-type patients. Those with exon 9 mutations subgroup had the worst prognosis. Interestingly, patients with H1047L mutation had the best prognosis than others. CONCLUSION PIK3CA mutations could be used as an indicator of clinical outcome or targeted therapy for multiple breast cancer subgroups in Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Yinbing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Yaofeng Jin
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Xingcong Ma
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
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Cho YA, Ko SY, Suh YJ, Kim S, Park JH, Park HR, Seo J, Choi HG, Kang HS, Lim H, Park HY, Kwon MJ. PIK3CA Mutation as Potential Poor Prognostic Marker in Asian Female Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2895-2908. [PMID: 35621626 PMCID: PMC9140087 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic relevance of the PIK3CA mutation together with PD-L1, c-Met, and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have not been fully investigated in Asian women with breast cancer (BC) who have undergone postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: We analyzed PIK3CA mutations via peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated real-time PCR assay, PD-L1/c-Met expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status using PCR and IHC, in 191 resected BCs from 2008 to 2011. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for the involvement of the PIK3CA mutation with PD-L1/c-Met/MMR was explored. Results: The PNA clamp-mediated assay was able to detect the PIK3CA mutation in 1% of the mutant population in the cell line validation. Using this method, the PIK3CA mutation was found in 78 (49.4%) of 158 samples. c-Met and PD-L1 positivity were identified in 31.4 and 21.8% of samples, respectively, which commonly correlated with high histologic grade and triple-negative subtype. MSI/dMMR was observed in 8.4% of patients, with inconsistency between MMR IHC and the MSI PCR. The PIK3CA mutation exhibited a poor prognostic association regarding recurrence-free survival (RFS) in both overall and triple-negative BCs. In subgroup analyses, the PIK3CA-mutated tumors showed poorer RFS than the PIK3CA-wildtype within the c-Met-positive, MSS, triple-negative, or age onset <50 years subgroups, which showed a similar trend of association in TCGA data. Conclusions: PIK3CA mutation together with c-Met or dMMR/MSI status might be relevant to poor prognosis in BC subsets, especially in Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.-R.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Seung Yeon Ko
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Yong Joon Suh
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.J.S.); (S.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.J.S.); (S.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.J.S.); (S.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.-R.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinwon Seo
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.-R.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea; (H.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea; (H.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea;
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.-R.P.); (J.S.)
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Zhou J, Imani S, Shasaltaneh MD, Liu S, Lu T, Fu J. PIK3CA hotspot mutations p. H1047R and p. H1047L sensitize breast cancer cells to thymoquinone treatment by regulating the PI3K/Akt1 pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1799-1816. [PMID: 34816327 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigella sativa (N. sativa) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimetastatic and antinociceptive effects and has been used to treat dozens of diseases. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an important and active component isolated from N. sativa seeds. Inhibition of cancer-associated activating PIK3CA mutations is a new prospective targeted therapy in personalized metastatic breast cancer (MBC). TQ is reported to be an effective inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway in MBC. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antitumor effect of TQ in the context of two PIK3CA hotspot mutations, p. H1047R and p. H1047L. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular dynamics, free energy landscapes and principal component analyses were also used to survey the mechanistic effects of the p. H1047R and p. H1047L mutations on the PI3K/Akt1 pathway. Our findings clearly confirmed that the p. H1047R and p. H1047L mutants could reduce the inhibitory effect of ΔNp63α on the kinase domain of PIK3CA, resulting in increased activity of PI3K downstream signals. Structurally, the partial disruption of the interaction between the ΔNp63α DNA binding domain and the PIK3CA kinase domain at residues 114-359 and 797-1068 destabilizes the conformation of the activation loop and modifies the PIK3CA/ΔNp63α complex. Alongside these structural changes, we found that TQ treatment resulted in high PI3K/Akt1 pathway inhibition in p. H1047R and p. H1047L-expressing cells versus wild-type cells. CONCLUSIONS These two PIK3CA hotspot mutations therefore not only contribute to tumor progression in patients with MBC but may also serve as targets for the development of novel small molecule therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Shuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Research Center for Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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D'Alfonso TM, Pareja F, Da Cruz Paula A, Vahdatinia M, Gazzo A, Ferrando L, da Silva EM, Cheng E, Sclafani L, Chandarlapaty S, Zhang H, Hoda SA, Wen HY, Brogi E, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Whole-exome sequencing analysis of juvenile papillomatosis and coexisting breast carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 7:113-120. [PMID: 33263939 PMCID: PMC7869928 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile papillomatosis (JP) of the breast is a rare benign mass‐forming lesion occurring in young women, which is histologically characterized by a constellation of proliferative changes and large cysts, giving it the gross appearance of Swiss cheese. A subset of patients with JP report a family history of breast carcinoma and/or coexisting or subsequent breast carcinoma. We performed whole‐exome sequencing of the hyperplastic epithelial component of three JPs, including one with coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC‐NST). JPs harbored clonal somatic PIK3CA hotspot mutations in two cases. In the JP with coexisting DCIS and IDC‐NST, these lesions were clonally related to the associated JP, sharing a clonal PIK3CA E542K somatic hotspot mutation. JP showed a paucity of copy number alterations, whereas the associated DCIS and IDC‐NST showed concurrent 1q gains/16q losses, hallmarks of estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers. We observed JP to harbor a dominant aging‐related mutational signature, whereas coexisting DCIS and IDC‐NST showed greater exposure to an APOBEC signature. Taken together, our findings suggest that, at least in a subset of cases, JP might constitute the substrate from which DCIS and invasive breast carcinomas develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M D'Alfonso
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahsa Vahdatinia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Gazzo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edaise M da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Sclafani
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Syed A Hoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lian J, Xu EW, Xi YF, Wang HW, Bu P, Wang JF, Wang LX. Clinical-Pathologic Analysis of Breast Cancer With PIK3CA Mutations in Chinese Women. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820950832. [PMID: 33047659 PMCID: PMC7557680 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820950832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mutations of PIK3CA have recently been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast neoplasms. The prevalence of PIK3CA in Chinese breast cancer patients may be underestimated. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of somatic PIK3CA mutation in Chinese breast cancer patients and explored their role in tumor phenotypes. Methods: Mutational analysis of PIK3CA was done in 113 primary breast cancers of Chinese women used Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). The relationship of PIK3CA mutations with several clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. Results: PIK3CA gene mutation was identified in 43(38.05%) cases and has a more significant difference between exon 9 and 20. HER2 gene amplification was 32.6% in 43 cases of PIK3CA mutation, but 37.1% in 70 cases of non-mutation (χ2 = 0.245, P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation of the age distribution, lymph node status, histological tumor grading, ER and/or PR and P53 between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A high frequency of somatic PIK3CA mutation was detected in Chinese breast cancer patients, especially in exon 20. The relationship between PIK3CA gene mutation and clinical pathological features of breast cancer needs to be further studied in a large series of patients. PIK3CA mutations seem to have the potential to be used in target treatment and as an indicator of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lian
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - En-Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Wen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Bu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Li-Xia Wang, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China.
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9
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Vuong LD, Ta TV, Chu HH, Truong VL, Nguyen QN. PIK3CA mutation profiling in Vietnamese patients with breast cancer. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Freitag CE, Mei P, Wei L, Parwani AV, Li Z. Genetic alterations and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics in advanced breast carcinomas: focusing on clinically actionable genetic alterations. Hum Pathol 2020; 102:94-103. [PMID: 32445652 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinomas (BCs) are genetically heterogeneous and associated with numerous mutations which can be used to predict outcomes and initiate targeted therapies. We investigated clinicopathologic characteristics associated with gene mutations detected using the FoundationOne CDx assay in a cohort of 223 clinically advanced BCs (66 locally recurrent and 157 metastatic) from our institution. One hundred fifty unique mutations were identified (total 1008) in the cohort, with the most prevalent (>10%) including TP53 (53.8%), PIK3CA (35%), MYC (22%), CCND1 (19.7%), FGF19 (19.7%), FGF4 (16.6%), FGF3 (16.1%), ZNF703 (14.8%), ESR1 (13.9%), FGFR1 (13.5%), PTEN (12.1%), and CDH1 (10.8%). ERBB2 genetic alteration was most common in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BCs, and GATA3 and ESR1 mutations were only identified in hormone receptor-positive BC. Mutations enriched in triple-negative BCs (TNBCs) included TP53, PTEN, RB1, and CDKN2A/B. CDH1 mutation was predominantly found in lobular carcinomas, and PIK3CA mutation was also enriched. Mutations enriched in metaplastic carcinomas with heterologous mesenchymal differentiation included TP53, PTEN, MCL1, CDKN2A/B, and NOTCH2. An increase in mutations of CCND1, FGF19, FGF4, FGF3, ESR1, and EMSY was identified in metastatic BCs compared with locally recurrent BCs. Overall, PIK3CA was the most frequent clinically actionable genetic alteration (35%), followed by MYC (22%), CCND1 (19.7%), and FGF3/FGF4/FGFR1 (16%). In conclusion, our study provides genetic insight into the biology of advanced BCs and summarizes their most frequent clinically actionable genetic alterations, generating useful genomic information for potential improvement of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Eric Freitag
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ping Mei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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11
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Hu G, Hu G, Zhang C, Lin X, Shan M, Yu Y, Lu Y, Niu R, Ye H, Wang C, Xu C. Adjuvant chemotherapy could not bring survival benefit to HR-positive, HER2-negative, pT1b-c/N0-1/M0 invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: a propensity score matching study based on SEER database. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32085753 PMCID: PMC7035707 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, pT1b-c/N0-1/M0 ILC. METHODS Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) database, we identified original 12,334 HR-positive, HER2-negative, pT1b-c/N0-1/M0 ILC patients, who were then divided into adjuvant chemotherapy group and control group. End-points were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM). Aiming to minimize the selection bias of baseline characteristics, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was used. RESULTS In a total of 12,334 patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, pT1b-c/N0-1/M0 ILC, 1785 patients (14.5%) were allocated into adjuvant chemotherapy group and 10,549 (85.5%) into control group. Used PSM, the 1785 patients in adjuvant chemotherapy group matched to the 1785 patients in control group. By Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, we observed no beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on OS in both original samples (P = 0.639) and matched samples (P = 0.962), however, ineffective or even contrary results of adjuvant chemotherapy on BCSM both in original samples (P = 0.001) and in matched samples (P = 0.002). In both original and matched multivariate Cox models, we observed ineffectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy on OS (hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.62-1.09]; P = 0.172 and HR = 0.90, 95%CI [0.65-1.26]; P = 0.553, respectively), unexpectedly promoting effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on BCSM (HR = 2.33, 95%CI [1.47-3.67]; P = 0.001 and HR = 2.41, 95%CI [1.32-4.39]; P = 0.004, respectively). Standard surgery was beneficial to the survival of patients. Lymph node metastasis was detrimental to survival and radiotherapy brought survival benefit in original samples, but two issues had unobvious effect in matched samples. CONCLUSION In this study, adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative pT1b-c/N0-1/M0 ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxia Hu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhong People's Hospital, Affiliated to First Shandong Medical University, Binzhong, China
| | - Chengjiao Zhang
- Department of Psychological Measurement, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmin Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Niu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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PIK3CA Gene Mutations in Solid Malignancies: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010093. [PMID: 31905960 PMCID: PMC7017171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide kinases (PIKs) are a group of lipid kinases that are important upstream activators of various significant signaling pathways. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways—either via mutations or genomic amplification—confers key oncogenic activity, essential for the development and progression of several solid tumors. Alterations in the PIK3CA gene are associated with poor prognosis of solid malignancies. Although the literature reports contradictory prognostic values of PIK3CA in aggressive cancers, most of the available data highlight the important role of PIK3CA mutation in mediating tumorigenesis via increased signaling of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival pathway. Several inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are investigated as potential therapeutic options in solid malignancies. This article reviews the role of PIK3CA mutations and inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in major cancer types and examines its association with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.
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13
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Wu H, Wang W, Du J, Li H, Wang H, Huang L, Xiang H, Xie J, Liu X, Li H, Lin W. The distinct clinicopathological and prognostic implications of PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer patients from Central China. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1473-1492. [PMID: 30863158 PMCID: PMC6388997 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s195351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The mutation status and prognostic value of PIK3CA in breast cancer were widely investigated, which showed significant difference among the patients from vast areas around the world. In this study, the frequency, distribution, bias, and burden of PIK3CA mutations and their relationships with clinicopathologic variables and prognostic significances were investigated in the breast cancer patients from Central China. Materials and methods Somatic mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 of PIK3CA gene were analyzed using Sanger sequencing combining with targeted next generation sequencing in 494 breast cancer patients from Central China. The correlations between PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic values of multiple PIK3CA mutation statuses were evaluated. Results PIK3CA mutations were found in 38% of the patients and associated with estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-positive, low Ki67 labeling index, and luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched subtypes. Meanwhile, the prognosis of the total patients and the patients in old diagnostic age, progesterone receptor-negative, low Ki67 labeling index, and luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched subgroups was significantly related to PIK3CA mutations. Most interestingly, the distribution, bias, and burden of PIK3CA mutations were correlated with different clinical, pathological, and molecular features as well as distinct prognostic implications in multiple breast cancer subgroups. Conclusion The frequency, distribution, bias, and burden of PIK3CA mutations were associated with various clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics in the breast cancer patients from Central China. These different mutation statuses can be used as potential indicators of prognosis in multiple breast cancer subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huogang Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
| | - Liangliang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchu Lin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China,
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14
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Teo K, Gómez-Cuadrado L, Tenhagen M, Byron A, Rätze M, van Amersfoort M, Renes J, Strengman E, Mandoli A, Singh AA, Martens JH, Stunnenberg HG, van Diest PJ, Brunton VG, Derksen PWB. E-cadherin loss induces targetable autocrine activation of growth factor signalling in lobular breast cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15454. [PMID: 30337563 PMCID: PMC6193986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that loss of E-cadherin is causal to the development and progression of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), options to treat this major breast cancer subtype are limited if tumours develop resistance to anti-oestrogen treatment regimens. This study aimed to identify clinically targetable pathways that are aberrantly active downstream of E-cadherin loss in ILC. Using a combination of reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analyses, mRNA sequencing, conditioned medium growth assays and CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-out experiments, we demonstrate that E-cadherin loss causes increased responsiveness to autocrine growth factor receptor (GFR)-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling. Autocrine activation of GFR signalling and its downstream PI3K/Akt hub was independent of oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, AKT1 or PTEN. Analyses of human ILC samples confirmed growth factor production and pathway activity. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt using AZD5363 or MK2206 resulted in robust inhibition of cell growth and survival of ILC cells, and impeded tumour growth in a mouse ILC model. Because E-cadherin loss evokes hypersensitisation of PI3K/Akt activation independent of oncogenic mutations in this pathway, we propose clinical intervention of PI3K/Akt in ILC based on functional E-cadherin inactivation, irrespective of activating pathway mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Teo
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Milou Tenhagen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Max Rätze
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jojanneke Renes
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Strengman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek A Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Kodahl AR, Ehmsen S, Pallisgaard N, Jylling AMB, Jensen JD, Lænkholm A, Knoop AS, Ditzel HJ. Correlation between circulating cell-free PIK3CA tumor DNA levels and treatment response in patients with PIK3CA-mutated metastatic breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:925-935. [PMID: 29689598 PMCID: PMC5983134 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies focusing on the analysis of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may have important clinical implications for personalized medicine, including early detection of cancer, therapeutic guidance, and monitoring of recurrence. Mutations in the oncogene, PIK3CA, are frequently observed in breast cancer and have been suggested as a predictive biomarker for PI3K-selective inhibitor treatment. In this study, we analyzed the presence of PIK3CA mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, metastatic tissue and corresponding ctDNA from serum of patients with advanced breast cancer using a highly sensitive, optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. We found 83% of patients with PIK3CA mutation in the metastatic tumor tissue also had detectable PIK3CA mutations in serum ctDNA. Patients lacking the PIK3CA mutation in corresponding serum ctDNA all had nonvisceral metastatic disease. Four patients with detectable PIK3CA-mutated ctDNA were followed with an additional serum sample during oncological treatment. In all cases, changes in PIK3CA ctDNA level correlated with treatment response. Our results showed high concordance between detection of PIK3CA mutations in tumor tissue and in corresponding serum ctDNA and suggest that serum samples from patients with advanced breast cancer and ddPCR may be used for PIK3CA mutation status assessment to complement imaging techniques as an early marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidse Ehmsen
- Department of Cancer and InflammationInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann S. Knoop
- Department of OncologyRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of OncologyOdense University HospitalDenmark
- Department of Cancer and InflammationInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare)Odense University HospitalDenmark
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16
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, observed traditionally by morphology and protein expression but, more recently with the advent of modern molecular technologies, at the genomic and transcriptomic level. This review describes the association between the different molecular subtypes with the histologic subtypes of breast cancer alongside some of their major genomic characteristics and illustrates how these subtypes may affect the appearance of tumors on imaging studies. The authors aim to show how molecular stratification can be used to augment traditional methods to improve our understanding of breast cancers and their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Provenzano
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMR), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 235, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 77, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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17
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Kodahl AR, Ehmsen S, Pallisgaard N, Jylling AMB, Jensen JD, Laenkholm AV, Knoop AS, Ditzel HJ. Correlation between circulating cell-free PIK3CA tumor DNA levels and treatment response in patients with PIK3CA-mutated metastatic breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29689598 DOI: 10.1002/1878‐0261.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies focusing on the analysis of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may have important clinical implications for personalized medicine, including early detection of cancer, therapeutic guidance, and monitoring of recurrence. Mutations in the oncogene, PIK3CA, are frequently observed in breast cancer and have been suggested as a predictive biomarker for PI3K-selective inhibitor treatment. In this study, we analyzed the presence of PIK3CA mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, metastatic tissue and corresponding ctDNA from serum of patients with advanced breast cancer using a highly sensitive, optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. We found 83% of patients with PIK3CA mutation in the metastatic tumor tissue also had detectable PIK3CA mutations in serum ctDNA. Patients lacking the PIK3CA mutation in corresponding serum ctDNA all had nonvisceral metastatic disease. Four patients with detectable PIK3CA-mutated ctDNA were followed with an additional serum sample during oncological treatment. In all cases, changes in PIK3CA ctDNA level correlated with treatment response. Our results showed high concordance between detection of PIK3CA mutations in tumor tissue and in corresponding serum ctDNA and suggest that serum samples from patients with advanced breast cancer and ddPCR may be used for PIK3CA mutation status assessment to complement imaging techniques as an early marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidse Ehmsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann S Knoop
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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18
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Da Ros L, Moretti A, Querzoli P, Pedriali M, Lupini L, Bassi C, Carcoforo P, Negrini M, Frassoldati A. HER2-Positive Lobular Versus Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: Pattern of First Recurrence and Molecular Insights. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e1133-e1139. [PMID: 29759595 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents about 10% of breast cancer and rarely shows overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We compared biological and clinical characteristics of HER2-positive ILC versus HER2-positive infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 328 patients with HER2-positive pure ductal or lobular breast carcinoma, comparing clinical and biological data at diagnosis as well as outcome between the 2 histologies. A gene-mutation analysis was performed in a subset of patients. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-one patients (88.7%) had IDC and 37 patients (11.3%) ILC. ILC resulted more frequently in multicenter (24.3% vs. 6.5%, P < .0001) and node-positive (54.1% vs. 45%, P = .013) disease of lower proliferative activity (Mib1 < 20%: 51.4% vs. 22.3%, P < .0001) and lower histologic grade (grade 3: 32.4% vs. 57.4%, P = .038). Disease recurred in 57 patients (17.4%) and involved the bone in 40% of ILC patients (vs. 17% of IDC patients) and the viscera in 30% of ILC patients (vs. 59.6% of IDC patients). No difference in the recurrence rate between the 2 histologies was observed in patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab (12.5% of ILC patients and 8.3% of IDC patients). Exploratory molecular analysis revealed a higher frequency of mutations in ILC, with more cases of multiple mutations. CONCLUSION HER2-positive ILC shows different biological behavior than IDC, with a possible higher mutation load. Despite lower proliferation activity and estrogen receptor expression in ILC breast cancer, trastuzumab is clearly an effective therapy for this histologic subtype.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Receptor, ErbB-2
- Retrospective Studies
- Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Da Ros
- Division of Clinical Oncology, St Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Moretti
- Division of Clinical Oncology, St Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Lupini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Carcoforo
- Surgery Department, St Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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19
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Pop LA, Cojocneanu-Petric RM, Pileczki V, Morar-Bolba G, Irimie A, Lazar V, Lombardo C, Paradiso A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Genetic alterations in sporadic triple negative breast cancer. Breast 2018; 38:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Sun B, Wang G, Liu H, Liu P, Twal WO, Cheung H, Carroll SL, Ethier SP, Mevers EE, Clardy J, Roberts T, Chen C, Li Q, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao JJ, Wang Q. Oridonin inhibits aberrant AKT activation in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23878-23889. [PMID: 29844859 PMCID: PMC5963618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of phosphatidylinosito-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling in cancer has led to pursuit of inhibitors for targeting this pathway. However, inhibitors of PI3K and AKT have failed to yield efficacious results without adverse effects. Here, we screened a library containing 441 authenticated traditional chinese medicine (TCM) plant extracts by examining their effect on cell viability of a human mammary epithelial cell line HMEC-PIK3CAH1047R, which expresses mutant PIK3CAH1047R and has constitutively active AKT signaling. We found that Oridonin, an extract from Rabdosia rubescens, reduced cell viability to the greatest extent. Oridonin binds to AKT1 and potentially functions as an ATP-competitive AKT inhibitor. Importantly, Oridonin selectively impaired tumor growth of human breast cancer cells with hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Moreover, Oridonin prevented the initiation of mouse mammary tumors driven by PIK3CAH1047R. Our results suggest that Oridonin may serve as a potent and durable therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancers with hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- The first Affiliate Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huidong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Pian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Waleed O Twal
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hiuwing Cheung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Emily E Mevers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Roberts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Changbin Chen
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- The first Affiliate Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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21
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Shimura T, Tada Y, Hirai H, Kawakita D, Kano S, Tsukahara K, Shimizu A, Takase S, Imanishi Y, Ozawa H, Okami K, Sato Y, Sato Y, Fushimi C, Takahashi H, Okada T, Sato H, Otsuka K, Watanabe Y, Sakai A, Ebisumoto K, Togashi T, Ueki Y, Ota H, Ando M, Kohsaka S, Hanazawa T, Chazono H, Kadokura Y, Kobayashi H, Nagao T. Prognostic and histogenetic roles of gene alteration and the expression of key potentially actionable targets in salivary duct carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1852-1867. [PMID: 29416736 PMCID: PMC5788604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characteristics of therapeutically-relevant targets and their clinicopathological implications in salivary duct carcinomas (SDCs) are poorly understood. We investigated the gene alterations and the immunoexpression of crucial oncogenic molecules in 151 SDCs. The mutation rates that were identified, in order of frequency, were as follows: TP53, 68%; PIK3CA, 18%; H-RAS, 16%; BRAF, 4%; and AKT1, 1.5%. PIK3CA/H-RAS/BRAF mutations were more common in de novo SDC than in SDC ex-pleomorphic adenoma. Furthermore, these mutations were mutually exclusive for HER2 overexpression/amplification. TP53 mutations were frequently detected in cases with the aberrant p53 expression, and TP53 missense and truncating mutations were associated with p53-extreme positivity and negativity, respectively. DISH analysis revealed no cases of EGFR amplification. The rates of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR positivity were 34%, 22%, and 66%, respectively; PTEN loss was observed in 47% of the cases. These expressions were correlated according to the signaling axis. Cases with PI3K negativity and PTEN loss appeared to show a lower expression of androgen receptor. In the multivariate analysis, patients with SDC harboring TP53 truncating mutations showed shorter progression-free survival. Conversely, p-Akt positivity was associated with a favorable outcome. This study might provide information that leads to advances in personized therapy for SDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Shimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Tsukahara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Takase
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Okami
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuro Okada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuninori Otsuka
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Koji Ebisumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takafumi Togashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yushi Ueki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ota
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Chazono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kadokura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitome Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Insertional mutagenesis identifies drivers of a novel oncogenic pathway in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Nat Genet 2017. [PMID: 28650484 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common breast cancer subtype and accounts for 8-14% of all cases. Although the majority of human ILCs are characterized by the functional loss of E-cadherin (encoded by CDH1), inactivation of Cdh1 does not predispose mice to develop mammary tumors, implying that mutations in additional genes are required for ILC formation in mice. To identify these genes, we performed an insertional mutagenesis screen using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system in mice with mammary-specific inactivation of Cdh1. These mice developed multiple independent mammary tumors of which the majority resembled human ILC in terms of morphology and gene expression. Recurrent and mutually exclusive transposon insertions were identified in Myh9, Ppp1r12a, Ppp1r12b and Trp53bp2, whose products have been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Notably, MYH9, PPP1R12B and TP53BP2 were also frequently aberrated in human ILC, highlighting these genes as drivers of a novel oncogenic pathway underlying ILC development.
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23
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Bredemeier M, Kasimir-Bauer S, Kolberg HC, Herold T, Synoracki S, Hauch S, Edimiris P, Bankfalvi A, Tewes M, Kimmig R, Aktas B. Comparison of the PI3KCA pathway in circulating tumor cells and corresponding tumor tissue of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2957-2968. [PMID: 28358430 PMCID: PMC5428904 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KCA)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) pathway in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and corresponding cancerous tissues. Stemness-like circulating tumor cells (slCTCs) and CTCs in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been implicated as the active source of metastatic spread in breast cancer (BC). In this regard, the PI3KCA-AKT signaling pathway was demonstrated to be implicated in and to be frequently mutated in BC. The present study compared this pathway in slCTCs/CTCs in EMT and the corresponding tumor tissues of 90 metastatic BC patients (pts). slCTCs and CTCs in EMT were isolated using the AdnaTest EMT-1/StemCell for the detection of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1) (singleplex PCR) and PI3KCA, AKT2 and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (multiplex PCR). Tumor tissue was investigated for PI3KCA hotspot mutations using Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA from micro-dissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, and for the expression of ALDH1 and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss, by immunohistochemistry. slCTCs were identified in 23% of pts (21/90 pts) and CTCs in EMT in 56% (50/90 pts) of pts. pAKT and ALDH1 positivity in tumor tissue was identified in 47 and 9% of cases, respectively, and a PTEN loss was observed in 18% of pts. A significant association was detected between pAKT expression in cancerous tissue and AKT2 expression in CTCs (P=0.037). PI3KCA mutations were detected in 32% of pts, most frequently on exons 21 (55%) and 10 (45%). Pts with PI3KCA mutations in tumor tissue had a significantly longer overall survival than pts with wild-type PI3KCA expression (P=0.007). Similar results were obtained for pts with aberrant PI3KCA signaling in CTCs and/or aberrant signaling in cancerous tissue (P=0.009). Therapy-resistant CTCs, potentially derived from the primary tumor or metastatic tissue, may be eliminated with specific PI3K pathway inhibitors, alone or in combination, to improve the prognosis of metastatic BC pts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bredemeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Kolberg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marienhospital Bottrop, D‑46236 Bottrop, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Synoracki
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Philippos Edimiris
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Mitra Tewes
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‑Essen, D‑45122 Essen, Germany
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24
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Azizi Tabesh G, Izadi P, Fereidooni F, Emami Razavi AN, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J. The High Frequency of PIK3CA Mutations in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Invest 2016; 35:36-42. [DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1247455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Medical Genetics Department, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Medical Genetics Department, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forouzandeh Fereidooni
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Medical Genetics Department, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Genetic landscape of meningioma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2016; 33:237-247. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-016-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Boelens MC, Nethe M, Klarenbeek S, de Ruiter JR, Schut E, Bonzanni N, Zeeman AL, Wientjens E, van der Burg E, Wessels L, van Amerongen R, Jonkers J. PTEN Loss in E-Cadherin-Deficient Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Rescues Apoptosis and Results in Development of Classical Invasive Lobular Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2087-2101. [PMID: 27524621 PMCID: PMC4999419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor response to chemotherapy. Besides loss of E-cadherin, a hallmark of ILC, genetic inactivation of PTEN is frequently observed in patients. Through concomitant Cre-mediated inactivation of E-cadherin and PTEN in mammary epithelium, we generated a mouse model of classical ILC (CLC), the main histological ILC subtype. While loss of E-cadherin induced cell dissemination and apoptosis, additional PTEN inactivation promoted cell survival and rapid formation of invasive mammary tumors that recapitulate the histological and molecular features, estrogen receptor (ER) status, growth kinetics, metastatic behavior, and tumor microenvironment of human CLC. Combined inactivation of E-cadherin and PTEN is sufficient to cause CLC development. These CLCs showed significant tumor regression upon BEZ235-mediated inhibition of PI3K signaling. In summary, this mouse model provides important insights into CLC development and suggests inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting CLC. PTEN loss rescues apoptosis induced by E-cadherin loss in mouse mammary epithelium Combined loss of E-cadherin and PTEN is sufficient to cause mouse mammary tumors These mouse mammary tumors closely resemble human classical lobular carcinoma (CLC) Mouse CLCs induced by loss of E-cadherin and PTEN regress upon PI3K inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam C Boelens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micha Nethe
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Bonzanni
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amber L Zeeman
- Section of Molecular Cytology and Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wientjens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Section of Molecular Cytology and Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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27
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Christgen M, Steinemann D, Kühnle E, Länger F, Gluz O, Harbeck N, Kreipe H. Lobular breast cancer: Clinical, molecular and morphological characteristics. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:583-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Clinically advanced and metastatic pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast: a comprehensive genomic profiling study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:405-13. [PMID: 26762307 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (pmucBC) is a distinctive variant of breast cancer (BC) featuring an excellent overall prognosis. However, on rare occasions, pmucBC pursues an aggressive clinical course. We queried whether comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) would uncover clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGA) that could lead to targeted therapy treatment for patients with an advanced and metastatic form of pmucBC. METHODS From a series of 51,238 total cancer samples, which included 5605 cases of clinically advanced BC and 22 cases of stage IV pmucBC, DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed using a hybrid-capture, adaptor ligation-based next generation sequencing assay to a mean coverage depth of 564X. The results were analyzed for all classes of genomic alterations (GA) including base substitutions, insertions and deletions, select rearrangements, and copy number changes. Clinically relevant genomic alterations were defined as those indicating possible treatment with anti-cancer drugs on the market or in registered clinical trials. RESULTS Samples were obtained from breast (11), lymph nodes (3), chest wall (2), liver (2), soft tissue (2), bone (1), and pleura (1). The median age of the 22 pmucBC patients was 57 years (range 32-79 years). Three pmucBCs were grade 1, 17 were grade 2, and 2 were grade 3. Twenty-one (95 %) pmucBC were ER+, 18 (82 %) were PR+, and 3 (14 %) were HER2+ by IHC and/or FISH. A total of 132 GA were identified (6.0 GA per tumor), including 53 CRGA, for a mean of 2.4 GA per tumor. Amplification of FGFR1 or ZNF703, located within the same amplicon, was found in 8 of 22 cases (36 %). This enrichment of FGFR1 amplification in 36 % of pmucBC versus 11 % of non-mucinous ER+ BC (601 cases) was significant (p < 0.005). Other frequently altered genes of interest in pmucBC were CCND1 and the FGF3/FGF4/FGF19 amplicon (27 %), often co-amplified together. ERBB2/HER2 alterations were identified in 5 pmucBC (23 %): ERBB2 amplification was found in 3 of 3 cases (100 %) that were HER2+ by IHC and/or FISH; 1 pmucBC was negative for HER2 overexpression by IHC, but positive for amplification by CGP; and 2 pmucBC harbored the ERBB2 substitutions D769Y and V777L (one sample also featured ERBB2 amplification). The enrichment of ERBB2 GA in metastatic pmucBC versus non-metastatic primary pmucBC was significant (p = 0.03). CRGA were also found in 20 additional genes including PIK3CA (5), BRCA1 (1), TSC2 (1), STK11 (1), AKT3 (1), and ESR1 (1). CONCLUSIONS Metastatic pmucBC is a distinct form of breast cancer that features a relatively high frequency of CRGA, including a significant enrichment of FGFR1 alterations and a high frequency of ERBB2 alterations when compared with non-metastatic pmucBC. These findings suggest that CGP can identify a variety of known and emerging therapy targets that have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with clinically advanced and metastatic forms of this disease.
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29
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Michaut M, Chin SF, Majewski I, Severson TM, Bismeijer T, de Koning L, Peeters JK, Schouten PC, Rueda OM, Bosma AJ, Tarrant F, Fan Y, He B, Xue Z, Mittempergher L, Kluin RJ, Heijmans J, Snel M, Pereira B, Schlicker A, Provenzano E, Ali HR, Gaber A, O’Hurley G, Lehn S, Muris JJ, Wesseling J, Kay E, Sammut SJ, Bardwell HA, Barbet AS, Bard F, Lecerf C, O’Connor DP, Vis DJ, Benes CH, McDermott U, Garnett MJ, Simon IM, Jirström K, Dubois T, Linn SC, Gallagher WM, Wessels LF, Caldas C, Bernards R. Integration of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data identifies two biologically distinct subtypes of invasive lobular breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18517. [PMID: 26729235 PMCID: PMC4700448 DOI: 10.1038/srep18517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most frequently occurring histological breast cancer subtype after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), accounting for around 10% of all breast cancers. The molecular processes that drive the development of ILC are still largely unknown. We have performed a comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of a large ILC patient cohort and present here an integrated molecular portrait of ILC. Mutations in CDH1 and in the PI3K pathway are the most frequent molecular alterations in ILC. We identified two main subtypes of ILCs: (i) an immune related subtype with mRNA up-regulation of PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 and greater sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents in representative cell line models; (ii) a hormone related subtype, associated with Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and gain of chromosomes 1q and 8q and loss of chromosome 11q. Using the somatic mutation rate and eIF4B protein level, we identified three groups with different clinical outcomes, including a group with extremely good prognosis. We provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular alterations driving ILC and have explored links with therapy response. This molecular characterization may help to tailor treatment of ILC through the application of specific targeted, chemo- and/or immune-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Michaut
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ian Majewski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa M. Severson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho Bismeijer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne de Koning
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Philip C. Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M. Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Astrid J. Bosma
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Finbarr Tarrant
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yue Fan
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Beilei He
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Zheng Xue
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza Mittempergher
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof J.C. Kluin
- Genomic Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Heijmans
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille Snel
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Pereira
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMR) and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hamid Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gillian O’Hurley
- OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sophie Lehn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jettie J.F. Muris
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Kay
- Department of Pathology, RCSI ERC, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen John Sammut
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Helen A. Bardwell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Aurélie S. Barbet
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Floriane Bard
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Caroline Lecerf
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Darran P. O’Connor
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Daniël J. Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cyril H. Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mathew J. Garnett
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Iris M. Simon
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sabine C. Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William M. Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lodewyk F.A. Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMR) and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rene Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cossu-Rocca P, Orrù S, Muroni MR, Sanges F, Sotgiu G, Ena S, Pira G, Murgia L, Manca A, Uras MG, Sarobba MG, Urru S, De Miglio MR. Analysis of PIK3CA Mutations and Activation Pathways in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141763. [PMID: 26540293 PMCID: PMC4634768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) accounts for 12–24% of all breast carcinomas, and shows worse prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Molecular studies demonstrated that TNBCs are a heterogeneous group of tumors with different clinical and pathologic features, prognosis, genetic-molecular alterations and treatment responsivity. The PI3K/AKT is a major pathway involved in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, and is the most frequently altered pathway in breast cancer, apparently with different biologic impact on specific cancer subtypes. The most common genetic abnormality is represented by PIK3CA gene activating mutations, with an overall frequency of 20–40%. The aims of our study were to investigate PIK3CA gene mutations on a large series of TNBC, to perform a wider analysis on genetic alterations involving PI3K/AKT and BRAF/RAS/MAPK pathways and to correlate the results with clinical-pathologic data. Materials and Methods PIK3CA mutation analysis was performed by using cobas® PIK3CA Mutation Test. EGFR, AKT1, BRAF, and KRAS genes were analyzed by sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to identify PTEN loss and to investigate for PI3K/AKT pathways components. Results PIK3CA mutations were detected in 23.7% of TNBC, whereas no mutations were identified in EGFR, AKT1, BRAF, and KRAS genes. Moreover, we observed PTEN loss in 11.3% of tumors. Deregulation of PI3K/AKT pathways was revealed by consistent activation of pAKT and p-p44/42 MAPK in all PIK3CA mutated TNBC. Conclusions Our data shows that PIK3CA mutations and PI3K/AKT pathway activation are common events in TNBC. A deeper investigation on specific TNBC genomic abnormalities might be helpful in order to select patients who would benefit from current targeted therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cossu-Rocca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Orrù
- Department of Pathology, “A. Businco” Oncologic Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanges
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Ena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luciano Murgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvana Urru
- Biomedicine Sector, Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia Technology Park Polaris, Cagliari, Italy
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Bieniasz M, Radhakrishnan P, Faham N, De La O JP, Welm AL. Preclinical Efficacy of Ron Kinase Inhibitors Alone and in Combination with PI3K Inhibitors for Treatment of sfRon-Expressing Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5588-600. [PMID: 26289070 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have demonstrated that short-form Ron (sfRon) kinase drives breast tumor progression and metastasis through robust activation of the PI3K pathway. We reasoned that upfront, concurrent inhibition of sfRon and PI3K might enhance the antitumor effects of Ron kinase inhibitor therapy while also preventing potential therapeutic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used patient-derived breast tumor xenografts (PDX) as high-fidelity preclinical models to determine the efficacy of single-agent or dual Ron/PI3K inhibition. We tested the Ron kinase inhibitor ASLAN002 with and without coadministration of the PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in hormone receptor-positive [estrogen receptor (ER)(+)/progesterone receptor (PR)(+)] breast PDXs with and without PIK3CA gene mutation. RESULTS Breast PDX tumors harboring wild-type PIK3CA showed a robust response to ASLAN002 as a single agent. In contrast, PDX tumors harboring mutated PIK3CA demonstrated partial resistance to ASLAN002, which was overcome with addition of NVP-BKM120 to the treatment regimen. We further demonstrated that concurrent inhibition of sfRon and PI3K in breast PDX tumors with wild-type PIK3CA provided durable tumor stasis after therapy cessation, whereas discontinuation of either monotherapy facilitated tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides preclinical rationale for targeting sfRon in patients with breast cancer, with the important stipulation that tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations may be partially resistant to Ron inhibitor therapy. Our data also indicate that tumors with wild-type PIK3CA are most effectively treated with an upfront combination of Ron and PI3K inhibitors for the most durable response. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5588-600. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bieniasz
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Program in Immunobiology and Cancer, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | | | - Najme Faham
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Program in Immunobiology and Cancer, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Alana L Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Abstract
PIK3CA encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which through its role in the PI3K/Akt pathway is important for the regulation of important cellular functions such as proliferation, metabolism and protein synthesis, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Mutations in PIK3CA are known to be involved in a wide range of human cancers and mutant PIK3CA is thought to act as an oncogene. The specific PIK3CA inhibitor, NVP-BYL719, has displayed promising results in cancer therapy and is currently under clinical trials. Furthermore, PI3K regulates autophagy, a cellular process that recycles proteins and organelles through lysosomal degradation and has recently been recognised as an attractive therapeutic target due to its pro- and anti-cancer properties. Several studies have attempted to investigate the effects of combining the inhibition of both PI3K and autophagy in cancer therapy, and an in vivo model has demonstrated that the combined use of a concomitant PI3K and autophagy inhibitor induced apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lai
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M C Killingsworth
- Discipline of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C S Lee
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Cancer Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wong H, Lau S, Cheung P, Wong TT, Parker A, Yau T, Epstein RJ. Lobular breast cancers lack the inverse relationship between ER/PR status and cell growth rate characteristic of ductal cancers in two independent patient cohorts: implications for tumor biology and adjuvant therapy. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:826. [PMID: 25385074 PMCID: PMC4236427 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast differs from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in numerous respects - including its genetics, clinical phenotype, metastatic pattern, and chemosensitivity - most experts continue to manage ILC and IDC identically in the adjuvant setting. Here we address this discrepancy by comparing early-stage ILC and IDC in two breast cancer patient cohorts of differing nationality and ethnicity. METHODS The clinicopathologic features of 2029 consecutive breast cancer patients diagnosed in Hong Kong (HK) and Australia (AUS) were compared. Interrelationships between tumor histology and other clinicopathologic variables, including ER/PR and Ki67, were analysed. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-nine patients were identified with ILC (11.8%) and 1790 patients with IDC. AUS patients were older (p <0.001) and more often postmenopausal (p <0.03) than HK patients. As expected, ILC tumors were lower in grade and proliferative rate, and more often ER-positive and HER2-negative, than IDC (p <0.002); yet despite this, ILC tumors were as likely as IDC to present with nodal metastases (p >0.7). Moreover, whereas IDC tumors exhibited a strongly negative relationship between ER/PR and Ki67 status (p <0.0005), ILC tumors failed to demonstrate any such inverse relationship (p >0.6). CONCLUSION These data imply that the primary adhesion defect in ILC underlies a secondary stromal-epithelial disconnect between hormonal signaling and tumor growth, suggesting in turn that this peritumoral feedback defect could reduce both the antimetastatic (adjuvant) and tumorilytic (palliative) efficacy of cytotoxic therapies for such tumors. Hence, we caution against assuming similar adjuvant chemotherapeutic survival benefits for ILC and IDC tumors with similar ER and Ki67, whether based on immunohistochemical or gene expression assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Yau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Hugen N, Simons M, Halilović A, van der Post RS, Bogers AJ, Marijnissen-van Zanten MA, de Wilt JH, Nagtegaal ID. The molecular background of mucinous carcinoma beyond MUC2. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2014; 1:3-17. [PMID: 27499889 PMCID: PMC4858120 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest of the oncology community in tumour classification and prediction of outcome to targeted therapies has put emphasis on an improved identification of tumour types. Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) is a subtype that is characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin that comprises at least 50% of the tumour volume and is found in 10–15% of colorectal cancer patients. MC development is poorly understood, however, the distinct clinical and pathological presentation of MC suggests a deviant development and molecular background. In this review we identify common molecular and genetic alterations in colorectal MC. MC is characterized by a high rate of MUC2 expression. Mutation rates in the therapeutically important RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways are significantly higher in MC compared with non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, mucinous adenocarcinoma shows higher rates of microsatellite instability and is more frequently of the CpG island methylator phenotype. Although the majority of MCs arise from the large intestine, this subtype also develops in other organs, such as the stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, ovary, breast and lung. We compared findings from colorectal MC with tumour characteristics of MCs from other organs. In these organs, MCs show different mutation rates in the RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways as well, but a common mucinous pathway cannot be identified. Identification of conditions and molecular aberrations that are associated with MC generates insight into the aetiology of this subtype and improves understanding of resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Hugen
- Department of Surgery Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Simons
- Department of Pathology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Altuna Halilović
- Department of Pathology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna J Bogers
- Department of Pathology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes Hw de Wilt
- Department of Surgery Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Pang B, Cheng S, Sun SP, An C, Liu ZY, Feng X, Liu GJ. Prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations and their association with hormone receptor expression in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6255. [PMID: 25176561 PMCID: PMC4150110 DOI: 10.1038/srep06255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene is frequently mutated in breast cancer (BCa). Sex hormone receptors (HRs), including estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) play pivotal roles in BCa. In this study, we evaluated the association between PIK3CA mutations and ER/PR expression and the prognostic role of PIK3CA mutations in BCa patients, and in particular, HR-positive BCa. Thirty-two studies involving 5719 cases of BCa obtained from database searches were examined. PIK3CA gene mutations correlated significantly with ER/PR expression (p < 0.00001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.98, p = 0.03) but not overall survival (OS) (HR 1.14, 95%CI 0.72-1.82, p = 0.57) in unsorted BCa patients. PIK3CA mutations were not associated with OS (HR 1.06, 95%CI 0.67-1.67, p = 0.81) or RFS (HR 0.86, 95%CI 0.53-1.40, p = 0.55) in HR-positive BCa patients. In conclusion, PIK3CA mutations were significantly related to ER/PR expression and RFS in unsorted BCa patients. However, the clinical implications of PIK3CA mutations may vary according to different mutant exons. And PIK3CA mutations alone may have limited prognostic value for HR-positive BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shi-Peng Sun
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng An
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Liu
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Gui-Jian Liu
- Clinical laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixian Ge 5#, XiCheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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Guiu S, Wolfer A, Jacot W, Fumoleau P, Romieu G, Bonnetain F, Fiche M. Invasive lobular breast cancer and its variants: how special are they for systemic therapy decisions? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:235-57. [PMID: 25129506 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO classification of breast tumors distinguishes, besides invasive breast cancer 'of no special type' (former invasive ductal carcinoma, representing 60-70% of all breast cancers), 30 special types, of which invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common (5-15%). We review the literature on (i) the specificity and heterogeneity of ILC biology as documented by various analytical techniques, including the results of molecular testing for risk of recurrence; (ii) the impact of lobular histology on prediction of prognosis and effect of systemic therapies in patients. Though it is generally admitted that ILC has a better prognosis than IDC, is endocrine responsive, and responds poorly to chemotherapy, currently available data do not unanimously support these assumptions. This review demonstrates some lack of specific data and a need for improving clinical research design to allow oncologists to make informed systemic therapy decisions in patients with ILC. Importantly, future studies should compare various endpoints in ILC breast cancer patients among the group of hormonosensitive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000 Dijon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anita Wolfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancerology of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires-Parc Euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Fumoleau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gilles Romieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancerology of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires-Parc Euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Franck Bonnetain
- Oncology Unit of Methodology and Quality of Life (EA 3181), CHU Besançon, 2 place Saint-Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Maryse Fiche
- University Institute of Pathology, CHUV, rue du Bugnon 25, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brown NA, Rolland D, McHugh JB, Weigelin HC, Zhao L, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Betz BL. Activating FGFR2-RAS-BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5517-26. [PMID: 24993163 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm whose overall mutational landscape has not been well characterized. We sought to characterize pathogenic mutations in ameloblastoma and their clinical and functional significance with an emphasis on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 84 ameloblastomas and 40 non-ameloblastoma odontogenic tumors were evaluated with a combination of BRAF V600E allele-specific PCR, VE1 immunohistochemistry, the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel, and Sanger sequencing. Efficacy of a BRAF inhibitor was evaluated in an ameloblastoma-derived cell line. RESULTS Somatic, activating, and mutually exclusive RAS-BRAF and FGFR2 mutations were identified in 88% of cases. Somatic mutations in SMO, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and SMARCB1 were also identified. BRAF V600E was the most common mutation, found in 62% of ameloblastomas and in ameloblastic fibromas/fibrodentinomas but not in other odontogenic tumors. This mutation was associated with a younger age of onset, whereas BRAF wild-type cases arose more frequently in the maxilla and showed earlier recurrences. One hundred percent concordance was observed between VE1 immunohistochemistry and molecular detection of BRAF V600E mutations. Ameloblastoma cells demonstrated constitutive MAPK pathway activation in vitro. Proliferation and MAPK activation were potently inhibited by the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that activating FGFR2-RAS-BRAF mutations play a critical role in the pathogenesis of most cases of ameloblastoma. Somatic mutations in SMO, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and SMARCB1 may function as secondary mutations. BRAF V600E mutations have both diagnostic and prognostic implications. In vitro response of ameloblastoma to a BRAF inhibitor suggests a potential role for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Zhao
- Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Gruel N, Benhamo V, Bhalshankar J, Popova T, Fréneaux P, Arnould L, Mariani O, Stern MH, Raynal V, Sastre-Garau X, Rouzier R, Delattre O, Vincent-Salomon A. Polarity gene alterations in pure invasive micropapillary carcinomas of the breast. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R46. [PMID: 24887297 PMCID: PMC4095699 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pure invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a special type of breast carcinoma characterised by clusters of cells presenting polarity abnormalities. The biological alterations underlying this pattern remain unknown. METHODS Pangenomic analysis (n=39), TP53 (n=43) and PIK3CA (n=41) sequencing in a series of IMPCs were performed. A subset of cases was also analysed with whole-exome sequencing (n=4) and RNA sequencing (n=6). Copy number variation profiles were compared with those of oestrogen receptors and grade-matched invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of no special type. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis of genomic data distinguished two IMPC subsets: one (Sawtooth/8/16) exhibited a significant increase in 16p gains (71%), and the other (Firestorm/Amplifier) was characterised by a high frequency of 8q (35%), 17q (20% to 46%) and 20q (23% to 30%) amplifications and 17p loss (74%). TP53 mutations (10%) were more frequently identified in the amplifier subset, and PIK3CA mutations (4%) were detected in both subsets. Compared to IDC, IMPC exhibited specific loss of the 6q16-q22 region (45%), which is associated with downregulation of FOXO3 and SEC63 gene expression. SEC63 and FOXO3 missense mutations were identified in one case each (2%). Whole-exome sequencing combined with RNA sequencing of IMPC allowed us to identify somatic mutations in genes involved in polarity, DNAH9 and FMN2 (8% and 2%, respectively) or ciliogenesis, BBS12 and BBS9 (2% each) or genes coding for endoplasmic reticulum protein, HSP90B1 and SPTLC3 (2% each) and cytoskeleton, UBR4 and PTPN21 (2% each), regardless of the genomic subset. The intracellular biological function of the mutated genes identified by gene ontology analysis suggests a driving role in the clinicopathological characteristics of IMPC. CONCLUSION In our comprehensive molecular analysis of IMPC, we identified numerous genomic alterations without any recurrent fusion genes. Recurrent somatic mutations of genes participating in cellular polarity and shape suggest that they, together with other biological alterations (such as epigenetic modifications and stromal alterations), could contribute to the morphological pattern of IMPC. Though none of the individual abnormalities demonstrated specificity for IMPC, whether their combination in IMPC may have a cumulative effect that drives the abnormal polarity of IMPC needs to be examined further with in vitro experiments.
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MESH Headings
- Axonemal Dyneins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Polarity/genetics
- Chaperonins
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Exome/genetics
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein O3
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Formins
- Gene Amplification/genetics
- Group II Chaperonins/genetics
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/biosynthesis
- Molecular Chaperones
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis
- Retrospective Studies
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Sequence Deletion/genetics
- Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Vanessa Benhamo
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | | | - Tatiana Popova
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Paul Fréneaux
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Department of Pathology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, and CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, 1 rue Professeur Marion BP 77 980, 21079 Dijon Cédex, France
| | - Odette Mariani
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Virginie Raynal
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cédex 05, France
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Cuorvo LV, Verderio P, Ciniselli CM, Girlando S, Decarli N, Leonardi E, Ferro A, Caldara A, Triolo R, Eccher C, Cantaloni C, Mauri F, Seckl M, Volante M, Buttitta F, Marchetti A, Silvia Q, Galligioni E, Palma PD, Barbareschi M. PI3KCA mutation status is of limited prognostic relevance in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with hormone therapy. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:85-93. [PMID: 24233241 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway alterations are frequent in patients with infiltrating breast cancer (IBC). Their clinical and pathological relevance has been insufficiently documented. We evaluated PI3KCA for mutations and the expression of PTEN, AKT, mTOR and p70S6K by immunohistochemistry in 246 IBC patients treated with hormone therapy (median follow-up, 97 months). A PI3KCA mutation was observed in 50 out of 229 informative cases (21.8 %), PTEN loss in 107 out of 210 (51 %), moderate/high level of expression of AKT in 133 out of 188 (71 %), moderate/high level of expression of mTOR in 173 out of 218 (79 %) and moderate/high level of expression of p70S6K in 111 out of 192 cases (58 %). PI3KCA mutation was associated with the absence of Her2/neu amplification/overexpression and a low level of MIB1/Ki-67 labelling. The expression of p70S6K was associated with a high level of mTOR immunoreactivity, and high PTEN expression was associated with high AKT expression level. Univariate analysis showed that PI3KCA mutation status was not associated with clinical outcome in the series as a whole or in the node-negative subgroup. However, in the node-positive subgroup, exon 9 PI3KCA mutation was associated with unfavourable overall survival (OS), although its impact on the final model in multivariate analysis seemed to be limited. Of the other markers, only high p70S6K expression was associated with a significantly prolonged OS. PI3KCA mutation status is of limited prognostic relevance in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with hormone therapy.
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40
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Beelen K, Opdam M, Severson TM, Koornstra RHT, Vincent AD, Wesseling J, Muris JJ, Berns EMJJ, Vermorken JB, van Diest PJ, Linn SC. PIK3CA mutations, phosphatase and tensin homolog, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and adjuvant tamoxifen resistance in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R13. [PMID: 24467828 PMCID: PMC3978618 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway can overcome endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive breast cancer, but companion diagnostics indicating PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation and consequently endocrine resistance are lacking. PIK3CA mutations frequently occur in ERα-positive breast cancer and result in PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in vitro. Nevertheless, the prognostic and treatment-predictive value of these mutations in ERα-positive breast cancer is contradictive. We tested the clinical validity of PIK3CA mutations and other canonic pathway drivers to predict intrinsic resistance to adjuvant tamoxifen. In addition, we tested the association between these drivers and downstream activated proteins. Methods Primary tumors from 563 ERα-positive postmenopausal patients, randomized between adjuvant tamoxifen (1 to 3 years) versus observation were recollected. PIK3CA hotspot mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 were assessed with Sequenom Mass Spectometry. Immunohistochemistry was performed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). We tested the association between these molecular alterations and downstream activated proteins (like phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT), phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), p-ERK1/2, and p-p70S6K). Recurrence-free interval improvement with tamoxifen versus control was assessed according to the presence or absence of canonic pathway drivers, by using Cox proportional hazard models, including a test for interaction. Results PIK3CA mutations (both exon 9 and exon 20) were associated with low tumor grade. An enrichment of PIK3CA exon 20 mutations was observed in progesterone receptor- positive tumors. PIK3CA exon 20 mutations were not associated with downstream-activated proteins. No significant interaction between PIK3CA mutations or any of the other canonic pathway drivers and tamoxifen-treatment benefit was found. Conclusion PIK3CA mutations do not have clinical validity to predict intrinsic resistance to adjuvant tamoxifen and may therefore be unsuitable as companion diagnostic for PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in ERα- positive, postmenopausal, early breast cancer patients.
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41
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Oncogenic PIK3CA mutation and dysregulation in human salivary duct carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:810487. [PMID: 24511546 PMCID: PMC3910486 DOI: 10.1155/2014/810487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality, which resembles high-grade breast ductal carcinoma in morphology. The parotid gland is the most common location. Its molecular genetic characteristics remain largely unknown. We have previously reported high incidence of PIK3CA somatic mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in pharyngeal cancers. Here we examined the PIK3CA gene expression status and hotspot mutations in six cases of SDC by immunohistochemistry and genomic DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemistry showed that PIK3CA expression was elevated in all six patients with SDC. By DNA sequencing, two hotspot mutations of the PIK3CA gene, E545K (exon 9) and H1047R (exon 20), were identified in two of the six cases. Our results support that oncogenic PIK3CA is upregulated and frequently mutated in human SDC, adding evidence that PIK3CA oncogenic pathway is critical in the tumorigenesis of SDC, and may be a plausible drug target for this rare disease.
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42
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Firoozinia M, Zareian Jahromi M, Moghadamtousi SZ, Nikzad S, Abdul Kadir H. PIK3CA gene amplification and PI3K p110α protein expression in breast carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:620-5. [PMID: 24782652 PMCID: PMC4003548 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A family of PI3Ks is the lipid kinases, which enhance intracellular pools of phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5-tri-phosphate (PIP3) through phosphorylating its precursor. Amplifications and deletions of genes, as well as somatic missense of the PIK3CA gene have been described in many human cancer varieties, including of the brain, colon, liver, lung and stomach. Immunohistochemistry and Real-time quantitative PCR tests were used to determine the PIK3CA gene amplification (gene copy number) and to detect protein expression, respectively. The results obtained were analysed and the ratio of PIK3CA to β-actin gene copy number was calculated. Positive gene amplification of PIK3CA was appointed as a copy number of ≥4. Also, PI3K p110α protein expression was scored from 0 to 3+ and the scores of 2+ and 3+ were considered as positive for PI3K p110α protein expression. We studied 50 breast carcinoma samples for PI3K p110α protein expression and PIK3CA gene copy numbers. In general, 36 out of 50 (72%) breast carcinoma samples showed a significant increase in PIK3CA gene amplification. 12 out of 50 (24%) showed positive staining, and 38 out of 50 (76%) showed negative staining for PI3K p110α expression. We have identified no significant relationship between PIK3CA amplification, race (p= 0.630) and histological type (p=0. 731) in breast carcinoma, but correlation of PIK3CA amplification and age showed a significant relationship (p=0. 003) between them. No significant relationship has been identified in correlation of PI3K p110α protein expression compared to age (p=0. 284), race (p=0. 546) and histological type (p=0. 285). Amplification of PIK3CA was frequent in breast carcinoma and occurs in stages of breast carcinoma. Our result shows that there is a relationship between gene amplification and age in breast carcinoma. We suggest that PIK3CA is significant in breast tumorigenesis serve as a prevalent mechanism contributes to the oncogenic activation pathway of PIK3CA in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Firoozinia
- 1. Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- 1. Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sonia Nikzad
- 1. Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- 1. Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Palimaru I, Brügmann A, Wium-Andersen MK, Nexo E, Sorensen BS. Expression of PIK3CA, PTEN mRNA and PIK3CA mutations in primary breast cancer: association with lymph node metastases. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:464. [PMID: 24083111 PMCID: PMC3786083 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose High activity of the intracellular phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is common in breast cancer. Here, we explore differences in expression of important PI3K pathway regulators: the activator, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and the tumour suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), in breast carcinoma tissue and normal breast tissue. Furthermore, we examine whether expression of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA and occurrence of PIK3CA mutations are associated with lymph node metastases in patients with primary breast cancer. Methods Paired tissue samples of breast carcinoma and normal breast tissue were obtained from 175 breast cancer patients at the time of primary surgery, of these 105 patients were lymph node positive. Expression of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA was quantified with Quantitative Real Time PCR. Somatic mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene were identified by genotyping. Results Both PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA expression was significantly increased in breast carcinoma tissue compared to normal breast tissue (p = 2 × 10-11) and (p < 0.001), respectively. PIK3CA mutations were present in 68 out of 175 patients (39%), but were not associated with PIK3CA expression (p = 0.59). Expression of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA, and PIK3CA mutations in breast carcinomas were not associated with presence of lymph node metastases. Conclusions The expression of PTEN and PIK3CA mRNA is increased in breast carcinoma tissue compared to normal breast tissue, and PIK3CA mutations are frequent in primary breast carcinoma, however these factors were not associated with lymph node metastases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-464) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Palimaru
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, 2730 Denmark ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, 2730 Denmark
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Vlug E, Ercan C, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Derksen PWB. Lobular Breast Cancer: Pathology, Biology, and Options for Clinical Intervention. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 62:7-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Morphologic "special types" of breast carcinomas have been recognized for many years, and their molecular and genetic properties have not been specifically studied until recently. Lobular carcinoma lacks functional E-cadherin expression but shares molecular similarities with low-grade invasive ductal carcinomas. Papillary carcinoma is relatively rare, and molecular features are just being elucidated. We report a case of concurrent invasive lobular and papillary carcinoma, the latter with extensive nodal involvement. Multiplex screening for activating point mutations identified different point mutations in the distinct morphologic components: lobular PIK3CA H1047R, papillary; PIK3CA Q546P, and IDH1 R132H. These molecular data favor coincidental "collision tumors" over clonal evolution. The IDH1 R132H point mutation is common in gliomas and acute myelogenous leukemia, but this has not been previously reported in breast carcinoma. The characterization of activating point mutations in morphologic special types of breast carcinoma may suggest avenues amenable to targeted therapy.
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46
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Ramirez-Ardila DE, Helmijr JC, Look MP, Lurkin I, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, van Laere S, Dirix L, Sweep FC, Span PN, Linn SC, Foekens JA, Sleijfer S, Berns EMJJ, Jansen MPHM. Hotspot mutations in PIK3CA associate with first-line treatment outcome for aromatase inhibitors but not for tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:39-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway inhibition: a breakthrough in the management of luminal (ER+/HER2-) breast cancers? Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 24:623-34. [PMID: 22960556 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328358a2b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent data from clinical trials evaluating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in the setting of endocrine resistance in luminal (estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative) breast cancers have validated this pathway as a bona-fide therapeutic target in this setting. There are currently many agents under clinical investigation that inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. We review these findings in the context of the preclinical data and the current status of biomarker development in this field. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials in the neoadjuvant (RAD2222) and metastatic setting (TAMRAD, BOLERO-2) have reported improved clinical outcome of patients with unselected luminal breast cancer through the addition of mTOR inhibitors to standard endocrine treatment. PI3K molecular aberrations are frequently found in luminal breast cancer, yet the role of these in defining patients' prognosis and response to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors remains to be determined. SUMMARY Therapeutic targeting of the PI3K pathway promises improved clinical outcome for patients with luminal breast cancer. Correspondingly, agents that target this pathway are entering the clinic at an unprecedented rate. Future clinical trials that incorporate correlative translational research will help us decipher important information critical for successful development of these agents in breast cancer: which part of the pathway should be targeted and in which clinical scenario; and which patients are more likely to benefit from these drugs, particularly in the adjuvant setting.
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Ruchirawat M, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Au WW. Evidence for exposure-induced DNA repair abnormality is indicative of health and genetic risk. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:566-73. [PMID: 23545294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A recent focus has been targeted toward the development of functional biomarkers that can be used to predict disease more reliably. One such biomarker is the challenge assay for DNA repair deficiency. Briefly, the assay involves challenging lymphocytes in culture to a DNA damaging agent in vitro and determining the repair outcome in chromosome aberrations and/or DNA strand breaks. The aim is to show that individuals who have chronic exposure to toxic substances will develop exposure-induced DNA repair deficiencies. Many studies around the world have shown that the assay detects DNA repair deficiency in environmentally/occupationally exposed populations and with significant exposure dose-response relationship. The prediction of health risk was also validated. In addition, exposure-induced repair deficiency which was apparently passed through the germ cells had caused genetic consequences in a 3-generation population. The assay is simple to conduct and is more sensitive than some traditional biomarker assays. Together with the functional significance of the assay, the challenge assay can be used with confidence in population studies for health risk assessment.
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Koren S, Bentires-Alj M. Mouse models of PIK3CA mutations: one mutation initiates heterogeneous mammary tumors. FEBS J 2013; 280:2758-65. [PMID: 23384338 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is crucial for cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival, and is frequently deregulated in human cancer, including ~ 70% of breast tumors. PIK3CA, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit p110α of PI3K, is mutated in ~ 30% of breast cancers. However, the exact mechanism of PIK3CA-evoked breast tumorigenesis has not yet been defined. Genetically engineered mouse models are valuable for examining the initiation, development and progression of cancer. Transgenic mice harboring hotspot mutations in p110α have helped to elucidate breast cancer pathogenesis and increase our knowledge about molecular and cellular alterations in vivo. They are also useful for the development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe current mouse models of mutant PIK3CA in the mammary gland, and discuss differences in tumor latency and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shany Koren
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Deb S, Do H, Byrne D, Jene N, Dobrovic A, Fox SB. PIK3CA mutations are frequently observed in BRCAX but not BRCA2-associated male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R69. [PMID: 23971979 PMCID: PMC3978692 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although a substantial proportion of male breast cancers (MBCs) are hereditary, the molecular pathways that are activated are unknown. We therefore examined the frequency and clinicopathological associations of the PIK3CA/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and their regulatory genes in familial MBC. METHODS High resolution melting analysis and confirmatory sequencing was used to determine the presence of somatic mutations in PIK3CA (exon 9 and 20), AKT1 (exon 4), KRAS (exon 2) and BRAF (exon 15) genes in 57 familial MBCs. Further analysis of the PIK3CA/mTOR pathway was performed using immunohistochemistry for the pAKT1, pS6 and p4EBP1 biomarkers. RESULTS PIK3CA somatic mutations were identified in 10.5% (6 of 57) of cases; there were no AKT1, KRAS or BRAF somatic mutations. PIK3CA mutations were significantly more frequent in cancers from BRCAX patients (17.2%, 5/29) than BRCA2 (0%, 0/25) carriers (P = 0.030). Two BRCAX patients had an E547K mutation which has only been reported in one female breast cancer previously. PIK3CA mutation was significantly correlated with positive pS6 (83.3% vs. 32.0%, P = 0.024) and negative p4EBP1 (100% vs. 38.0%, P = 0.006) expression, but not pAKT expression. Expression of nuclear p4EBP1 correlated with BRCA2 mutation carrier status (68.0% vs. 38.7%, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Somatic PIK3CA mutation is present in familial male breast cancer but absent in BRCA2 carriers. The presence of two of the extremely rare E547K PIK3CA mutations in our cohort may have specific relevance in MBCs. Further study of PIK3CA in MBCs, and in particular BRCAX patients, may contribute to further establishing the relevance of specific PIK3CA mutations in MBC aetiology and in the identification of particular patient groups most likely to benefit from therapeutic targeting with the novel PIK3CA inhibitors that are currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hongdo Do
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - David Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jene
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for research into Familial Breast Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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