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Keener R, Chhetri SB, Connelly CJ, Taub MA, Conomos MP, Weinstock J, Ni B, Strober B, Aslibekyan S, Auer PL, Barwick L, Becker LC, Blangero J, Bleecker ER, Brody JA, Cade BE, Celedon JC, Chang YC, Cupples LA, Custer B, Freedman BI, Gladwin MT, Heckbert SR, Hou L, Irvin MR, Isasi CR, Johnsen JM, Kenny EE, Kooperberg C, Minster RL, Naseri T, Viali S, Nekhai S, Pankratz N, Peyser PA, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Wu B, Yanek LR, Yang IV, Albert C, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Barnes KC, Bis JC, Blackwell TW, Boerwinkle E, Burchard EG, Carson AP, Chen Z, Chen YDI, Darbar D, de Andrade M, Ellinor PT, Fornage M, Gelb BD, Gilliland FD, He J, Islam T, Kaab S, Kardia SLR, Kelly S, Konkle BA, Kumar R, Loos RJF, Martinez FD, McGarvey ST, Meyers DA, Mitchell BD, Montgomery CG, North KE, Palmer ND, Peralta JM, Raby BA, Redline S, Rich SS, Roden D, Rotter JI, Ruczinski I, Schwartz D, Sciurba F, Shoemaker MB, Silverman EK, Sinner MF, Smith NL, Smith AV, Tiwari HK, Vasan RS, Weiss ST, Williams LK, Zhang Y, Ziv E, Raffield LM, Reiner AP, Arvanitis M, Greider CW, Mathias RA, Battle A. Validation of human telomere length multi-ancestry meta-analysis association signals identifies POP5 and KBTBD6 as human telomere length regulation genes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4417. [PMID: 38789417 PMCID: PMC11126610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become well-powered to detect loci associated with telomere length. However, no prior work has validated genes nominated by GWAS to examine their role in telomere length regulation. We conducted a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of 211,369 individuals and identified five novel association signals. Enrichment analyses of chromatin state and cell-type heritability suggested that blood/immune cells are the most relevant cell type to examine telomere length association signals. We validated specific GWAS associations by overexpressing KBTBD6 or POP5 and demonstrated that both lengthened telomeres. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of the predicted causal regions in K562 blood cells reduced expression of these genes, demonstrating that these loci are related to transcriptional regulation of KBTBD6 and POP5. Our results demonstrate the utility of telomere length GWAS in the identification of telomere length regulation mechanisms and validate KBTBD6 and POP5 as genes affecting telomere length regulation.
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Grants
- 5K12GM123914 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R01AG069120 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R35GM139580 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R01 DK071891 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01HL153805 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R01AG081244 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R35CA209974 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- R01HL105756 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL68959 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL079915 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL87681 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01 HL153805 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01HL-120393 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Keener
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Surya B Chhetri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carla J Connelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Weinstock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bohan Ni
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Strober
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul L Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Equity, and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lucas Barwick
- LTRC Data Coordinating Center, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan C Celedon
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jill M Johnsen
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Take Naseri
- Naseri & Associates Public Health Consultancy Firm and Family Health Clinic, Apia, Samoa
- International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Satupa'itea Viali
- Oceania University of Medicine, Apia, Samoa
- School of Medicine, National University of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn J Telen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Baojun Wu
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christine Albert
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - April P Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Talat Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Kaab
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shannon Kelly
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Konkle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology & International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dan Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Benjamin Shoemaker
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marios Arvanitis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carol W Greider
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- University Professor Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Data Science and AI Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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da Mota THA, Camargo R, Biojone ER, Guimarães AFR, Pittella-Silva F, de Oliveira DM. The Relevance of Telomerase and Telomere-Associated Proteins in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030691. [PMID: 36980962 PMCID: PMC10048576 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase are closely linked to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, immortalization and carcinogenesis. Telomerase has been largely studied in the context of cancer, including leukemias. Deregulation of human telomerase gene hTERT is a well-established step in leukemia development. B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) recovery rates exceed 90% in children; however, the relapse rate is around 20% among treated patients, and 10% of these are still incurable. This review highlights the biological and clinical relevance of telomerase for B-ALL and the implications of its canonical and non-canonical action on signaling pathways in the context of disease and treatment. The physiological role of telomerase in lymphocytes makes the study of its biomarker potential a great challenge. Nevertheless, many works have demonstrated that high telomerase activity or hTERT expression, as well as short telomeres, correlate with poor prognosis in B-ALL. Telomerase and related proteins have been proven to be promising pharmacological targets. Likewise, combined therapy with telomerase inhibitors may turn out to be an alternative strategy for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Henrique Andrade da Mota
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Camargo
- Brasília Children’s Hospital José Alencar, Brasilia 70684-831, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Reis Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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Cho WC, Wang WL, Milton DR, Ingram DR, Nagarajan P, Curry JL, Ivan D, Lazar AJ, Hwu WJ, Prieto VG, Torres-Cabala CA, Aung PP. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein Expression Is More Frequent in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma Than in Other Types of Cutaneous Melanoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:842-850. [PMID: 33053175 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0330-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanomas arising from sun-exposed sites, acral lentiginous melanomas (ALMs) typically lack ultraviolet-signature mutations, such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations. Instead, ALMs show a high degree of copy number alterations, often with multiple amplifications of TERT, which are associated with adverse prognosis. The prognostic value of TERT protein expression in acral melanomas, however, is not established. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate the frequency and pattern of TERT immunoreactivity and assess the potential utility of TERT expression as a prognostic indicator in ALMs. DESIGN.— TERT expression by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in a series of 57 acral and nonacral melanocytic lesions, including 24 primary and 6 metastatic ALMs. Clinical outcome in patients with ALMs by TERT expression was assessed. RESULTS.— TERT expression was more frequent in ALMs than in nonlentiginous acral melanomas and nonacral cutaneous melanomas, and was absent in acral nevi (P = .01). When present, TERT expression in ALMs was cytoplasmic and more intense than TERT expression in other melanocytic lesions (P = .05) with a higher H-score (P = .01). There was a trend toward decreased overall survival in patients with ALMs with TERT immunoreactivity, but it did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, no correlation was found between TERT expression and disease-specific survival in patients with ALMs. CONCLUSIONS.— Although TERT protein expression was frequently detected in both primary and metastatic ALMs, TERT immunoreactivity in ALMs did not correlate with survival in our study. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to elucidate the prognostic value of TERT expression in ALMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Cheal Cho
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Translational Molecular Pathology (Wang, Ingram, Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Denái R Milton
- Biostatistics (Milton), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Davis R Ingram
- Translational Molecular Pathology (Wang, Ingram, Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Doina Ivan
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Translational Molecular Pathology (Wang, Ingram, Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Melanoma Medical Oncology (Lazar), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Torres-Cabala and Aung contributed equally to this work
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Genomic Medicine (Hwu), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Victor G Prieto
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Dermatology (Curry, Ivan, Prieto, Torres-Cabala), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Dermatology (Curry, Ivan, Prieto, Torres-Cabala), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Phyu P Aung
- From the Departments of Pathology (Cho, Wang, Nagarajan, Curry, Ivan, Lazar, Prieto, Torres-Cabala, Aung), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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4
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Kotarba G, Taracha-Wisniewska A, Miller M, Dabrowski M, Wilanowski T. Transcription factors Krüppel-like factor 4 and paired box 5 regulate the expression of the Grainyhead-like genes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257977. [PMID: 34570823 PMCID: PMC8476022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes from the Grainyhead-like (GRHL) family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia. These genes are also very important in the development of many types of cancer. However, little is known about the regulation of expression of GRHL genes. Previously, there were no systematic analyses of the promoters of GRHL genes or transcription factors that bind to these promoters. Here we report that the Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the paired box 5 factor (PAX5) bind to the regulatory regions of the GRHL genes and regulate their expression. Ectopic expression of KLF4 or PAX5 alters the expression of GRHL genes. In KLF4-overexpressing HEK293 cells, the expression of GRHL1 and GRHL3 genes was upregulated by 32% and 60%, respectively, whereas the mRNA level of GRHL2 gene was lowered by 28% when compared to the respective controls. The levels of GRHL1 and GRHL3 expression were decreased by 30% or 33% in PAX5-overexpressing HEK293 cells. The presence of minor frequency allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs115898376 in the promoter of the GRHL1 gene affected the binding of KLF4 to this site. The evidence presented here suggests an important role of KLF4 and PAX5 in the regulation of expression of GRHL1-3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kotarba
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michal Miller
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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5
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Qin G, Sun Y, Guo Y, Song Y. PAX5 activates telomerase activity and proliferation in keloid fibroblasts by transcriptional regulation of SND1, thus promoting keloid growth in burn-injured skin. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:459-472. [PMID: 33616676 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing 1 (SND1) that functioned as an oncogene in a variety of tumors was upregulated in burn-injured skin tissues, and this study aims to investigate the effect of SND1 on keloid and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and normal skin fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from the keloid tissues and adjacent normal skin tissues of keloid patients. The SND1 expression was assessed in keloid tissues and KFs with Western blot assay. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the role of SND1 in proliferation, colony formation, telomerase activity, expression of fibrogenic genes and production of pro-inflammatory factors in KFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to verify the interaction of Paired-box gene 5 (PAX5) on SND1 promoter. Then, a series of rescue experiments were performed to verify the effects of SND1 overexpression on PAX5 knockdown-mediated KF functions. Finally, the role of SND1 in keloid formation in vivo was validated in mice with keloid implantation. RESULTS SND1 was upregulated in keloid tissues and KFs. SND1 positively regulated proliferation, colony formation, telomerase activity, production of pro-inflammatory factors and expression of fibrogenic genes. PAX5 directly bound to the SND1 promoter to transcriptionally regulate SND1 expression and positively regulated SND1-mediated KF functions via the ERK/JNK pathway. In vivo assay further demonstrated that SND1 displayed a positive effect on keloid formation. CONCLUSION SND1 transcriptionally regulated by PAX5 promotes keloid formation through activating telomerase activity via the ERK/JNK signaling pathways, which provides a promising therapeutic target for clinical treatment of burned skin keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoping Qin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yaowen Sun
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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6
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Wang Z, Rice SV, Chang TC, Liu Y, Liu Q, Qin N, Putnam DK, Shelton K, Lanctot JQ, Wilson CL, Ness KK, Rusch MC, Edmonson MN, Wu G, Easton J, Kesserwan CA, Downing JR, Chen X, Nichols KE, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Zhang J. Molecular Mechanism of Telomere Length Dynamics and Its Prognostic Value in Pediatric Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:756-764. [PMID: 31647544 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to systematically evaluate telomere dynamics across a spectrum of pediatric cancers, search for underlying molecular mechanisms, and assess potential prognostic value. METHODS The fraction of telomeric reads was determined from whole-genome sequencing data for paired tumor and normal samples from 653 patients with 23 cancer types from the Pediatric Cancer Genome Project. Telomere dynamics were characterized as the ratio of telomere fractions between tumor and normal samples. Somatic mutations were gathered, RNA sequencing data for 330 patients were analyzed for gene expression, and Cox regression was used to assess the telomere dynamics on patient survival. RESULTS Telomere lengthening was observed in 28.7% of solid tumors, 10.5% of brain tumors, and 4.3% of hematological cancers. Among 81 samples with telomere lengthening, 26 had somatic mutations in alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked gene, corroborated by a low level of the gene expression in the subset of tumors with RNA sequencing. Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene amplification and/or activation was observed in 10 tumors with telomere lengthening, including two leukemias of the E2A-PBX1 subtype. Among hematological cancers, pathway analysis for genes with expressions most negatively correlated with telomere fractions suggests the implication of a gene ontology process of antigen presentation by Major histocompatibility complex class II. A higher ratio of telomere fractions was statistically significantly associated with poorer survival for patients with brain tumors (hazard ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.37 to 3.46). CONCLUSION Because telomerase inhibitors are currently being explored as potential agents to treat pediatric cancer, these data are valuable because they identify a subpopulation of patients with reactivation of telomerase who are most likely to benefit from this novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control.,Department of Computational Biology
| | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computational Biology
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control
| | | | | | | | | | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology
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7
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Poos AM, Kordaß T, Kolte A, Ast V, Oswald M, Rippe K, König R. Modelling TERT regulation across 19 different cancer types based on the MIPRIP 2.0 gene regulatory network approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:737. [PMID: 31888467 PMCID: PMC6937852 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactivation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene TERT is a central feature for unlimited proliferation of the majority of cancers. However, the underlying regulatory processes are only partly understood. Results We assembled regulator binding information from serveral sources to construct a generic human and mouse gene regulatory network. Advancing our “Mixed Integer linear Programming based Regulatory Interaction Predictor” (MIPRIP) approach, we identified the most common and cancer-type specific regulators of TERT across 19 different human cancers. The results were validated by using the well-known TERT regulation by the ETS1 transcription factor in a subset of melanomas with mutations in the TERT promoter. Our improved MIPRIP2 R-package and the associated generic regulatory networks are freely available at https://github.com/KoenigLabNM/MIPRIP. Conclusion MIPRIP 2.0 identified common as well as tumor type specific regulators of TERT. The software can be easily applied to transcriptome datasets to predict gene regulation for any gene and disease/condition under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Poos
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kordaß
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amol Kolte
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Ast
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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8
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Losi L, Lauriola A, Tazzioli E, Gozzi G, Scurani L, D'Arca D, Benhattar J. Involvement of epigenetic modification of TERT promoter in response to all-trans retinoic acid in ovarian cancer cell lines. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:62. [PMID: 31291979 PMCID: PMC6617683 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is currently being used to treat hematological malignancies, given the ability to inhibit cell proliferation. This effect seems to be related to epigenetic changes of the TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) promoter. When hypomethylated, ATRA-inducible TERT repressors can bind the promoter, repressing transcription of TERT, the rate-limiting component of telomerase. Ovarian carcinomas are heterogeneous tumors characterized by several aberrantly methylated genes among which is TERT. We recently found a hypomethylation of TERT promoter in about one third of serous carcinoma, the most lethal histotype. Our aim was to investigate the potential role of ATRA as an anticancer drug in a sub-group of ovarian carcinoma where the TERT promoter was hypomethylated. METHODS The potential antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of ATRA was investigated in seven serous ovarian carcinoma and one teratocarcinoma cell lines and the results were compared to the methylation status of their TERT promoter. RESULTS The serous ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3, harboring a hypomethylated TERT promoter, was the best and fastest responder. PA1 and SKOV3, two cell lines with an intermediate methylated promoter, revealed a weaker and delayed response. On the contrary, the other 5 cell lines with a highly methylated promoter did not respond to ATRA, indicative of ATRA-resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an inverse correlation between the methylation level of TERT promoter and ATRA efficacy in ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Although these results are preliminary, ATRA treatment could become a new powerful, personalized therapy in serous ovarian carcinoma patients, but only in those with tumors harboring a hypomethylated TERT promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Angela Lauriola
- Department of Life Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Tazzioli
- Department of Life Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaia Gozzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Letizia Scurani
- Department of Life Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Arca
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jean Benhattar
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Aurigen, Centre de Génétique et Pathologie, Avenue de Sévelin 18, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Zheng J, He S, Qi J, Wang X, Yu J, Wu Y, Gao Q, Wang K, Sun X. Targeted CDX2 expression inhibits aggressive phenotypes of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28627695 PMCID: PMC5505129 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) is associated with the development of human colorectal cancer, while human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) frequently occurs in variety of human cancers. We investigated the effects of restoration of CDX2 expression using a hypoxia-inducible hTERT promoter-driven vector (pLVX-5HRE-hTERTp-CDX2-3FLAG) on colon cancer cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, colony formation, invasion ability and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. CDX2 overexpression significantly inhibited viability, colony formation, and the invasion and migration ability of LoVo cells, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro, especially under hypoxic culture conditions. Overexpression of CDX2 under normoxic conditions significantly suppressed the expression of TGF-β, cyclin D1, uPA, MMP-9, MMP-2, and Bcl-2, and stimulated the expression of collagen IV, laminin-1, and Bax. Overexpression of CDX2 reduced colon cancer xenograft tumor formation in nude mice which was associated with downregulation of Ki-67. In conclusion, overexpression of CDX2 using a hypoxia-inducible hTERT promoter-driven vector suppressed malignant progression of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that pLVX-5HRE-hTERTp-CDX2-3FLAG gene therapy may be a promising novel approach to treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sai He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qi
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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10
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Ropio J, Merlio JP, Soares P, Chevret E. Telomerase Activation in Hematological Malignancies. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7090061. [PMID: 27618103 PMCID: PMC5039560 DOI: 10.3390/genes7090061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase expression and telomere maintenance are critical for cell proliferation and survival, and they play important roles in development and cancer, including hematological malignancies. Transcriptional regulation of the rate-limiting subunit of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gen (hTERT) is a complex process, and unveiling the mechanisms behind its reactivation is an important step for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here, we review the main mechanisms of telomerase activation and the associated hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ropio
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup)-Cancer Biology, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France.
- Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Center Bordeaux, Pessac 33604, France.
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup)-Cancer Biology, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto 4200-319, Portugal.
| | - Edith Chevret
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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11
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Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7080050. [PMID: 27548225 PMCID: PMC4999838 DOI: 10.3390/genes7080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is the rate-limiting factor in reconstituting telomerase activity in vivo. To date, the expression and function of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are known to be regulated at various molecular levels (including genetic, mRNA, protein and subcellular localization) by a number of diverse factors. Among these means of regulation, transcription modulation is the most important, as evident in its tight regulation in cancer cell survival as well as pluripotent stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we discuss how hTERT gene transcription is regulated, mainly focusing on the contribution of trans-acting factors such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, as well as genetic alterations in hTERT proximal promoter.
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12
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Wu Y, Li G, He D, Yang F, He G, He L, Zhang H, Deng Y, Fan M, Shen L, Zhou D, Zhang Z. Telomerase reverse transcriptase methylation predicts lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:279-86. [PMID: 26834487 PMCID: PMC4716758 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Telomerase activity is associated with cellular immortalization and is present in most human tumors but absent in normal tissues. The activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a catalytic telomerase subunit, correlates with telomerase activity in tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate TERT promoter methylation and its prognostic impact in gastric cancer (GC). Patients and methods The analysis of TERT promoter methylation was performed in tumors and corresponding normal tissues of 116 patients with GC using a highly sensitive Sequenom Epityper assay. The expression of TERT in GC tissues was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The levels of TERT promoter methylation in GC samples were significantly higher than in normal adjacent tissues (P=0.002). Hypermethylation of TERT promoter was associated with high T-stage (P=0.024), late N-stage (P=0.006), and lymphovascular/neural invasion (P=0.035), without correlation with age, sex, or histological grade. Simple linear regression analysis showed that TERT mRNA correlated positively with TERT methylation (R2=0.562, P=0.001). Also, higher TERT mRNA expression was related to hypermethylation of TERT promoter in GC samples (P=0.005). Univariate analysis demonstrated that N-stage (P=0.002) and TERT promoter methylation (P=0.004) were predictive of overall survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that N-stage (P=0.013) and TERT promoter methylation (P=0.031) were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival. Conclusion Our data suggested that hypermethylation of TERT promoter may contribute to gastric wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular/neural invasion, and poor prognosis in GC. GC patients with hypermethylation of TERT promoter could be eligible for close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guichao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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He S, Sun XJ, Zheng JB, Qi J, Chen NZ, Wang W, Wei GB, Liu D, Yu JH, Lu SY, Wang H. Recombinant lentivirus with enhanced expression of caudal-related homeobox protein 2 inhibits human colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1838-44. [PMID: 25847407 PMCID: PMC4464164 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal-related homeobox protein 2 (CDX2), a tumor suppressor in the adult colon, is overexpressed under a non-cancer specific cytomegalovirus promoter in certain tumor cells; furthermore, non-specific expression of CDX2 may result in aberrant side effects in normal cells. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter is active in the majority of cancer cells but not in normal cells. Hypoxia is a key feature of solid tumors, and targeted genes may be significantly upregulated by five copies of hypoxia-response elements (HREs) under hypoxic conditions. However, the effect of CDX2 overexpression, as controlled by five copies of HREs and the hTERT promoter, on human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation in vitro remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, a recombinant lentivirus containing the CDX2 gene under the control of five HREs and the hTERT promoter was generated. An immunofluorescence assay was used to detect CDX2 expression by the 5HhC lentivirus, whereas an MTT assay was used to detect the effects of CoCl2 on the viability of LoVo cells. Western blot analysis was conducted in order to determine the relative ratios of recombinant CDX2 protein to the internal control β-actin, following 5HhC/LoVo cell culture under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 µmol/l CoCl2) for 24 h, then for 12, 24 or 36 h with the optimal concentration (300 µmol/l) of CoCl2. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine the transcription of recombinant CDX2 mRNA following culture of 5HhC/LoVo cells under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Finally, a cloning assay was used to detect the proliferative ability of 5HhC/LoVo and 5Hh cells. High CDX2 expression was observed in hTERT-positive LoVo cells under hypoxic conditions, an effect which was mimicked by treatment with CoCl2 to inhibit LoVo cell proliferation in vitro. High expression of CDX2 therefore provides a promising strategy for the development of novel targeted treatments and gene therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai He
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qi
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Zheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Bing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ying Lu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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14
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Multiple tumor suppressor microRNAs regulate telomerase and TCF7, an important transcriptional regulator of the Wnt pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86990. [PMID: 24551047 PMCID: PMC3925088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human TERT (hTERT) gene encodes the telomerase catalytic subunit which plays a role in telomerase regulation. Telomerase is activated in more than 90% of all human malignancies and understanding how telomerase is regulated is necessary for implementation of successful anti-cancer therapies. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic cells but evidence of their role in telomerase regulation has not been documented. To determine whether hTERT activity is regulated by multiple miRNAs, eight miRNAs which have putative binding sites in the hTERT 3'UTR together with miR-138-5p were evaluated in luciferase assays with a reporter containing the hTERT 3'UTR. Six miRNAs (let-7g*, miR-133a, miR-138-5p, miR-342-5p, miR-491-5p, and miR-541-3p) specifically inhibited the expression of the reporter luciferase-driven constructs and let-7g*, miR-133a, miR-138-5p, and miR-491-5p also downregulated endogenous telomerase activity in cells. Moreover, all six miRNAs significantly inhibited cell proliferation. miRNAs (miR-133a, miR-138-5p, 342-5p, 491-5p, 541-3p) also have predicted binding sites within the 3'UTR of three genes involved in Wnt signaling (TCF7, MSI1, and PAX5). These miRNAs inhibited the expression of the luciferase reporter constructs containing 3'UTRs of these genes and downregulated protein expression of the TCF7 transcription factor, which mediates the canonical Wnt pathway. Together, these results suggest the existence of a miRNA regulatory network involving the hTERT and Wnt pathway.
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15
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Fortschegger K, Anderl S, Denk D, Strehl S. Functional heterogeneity of PAX5 chimeras reveals insight for leukemia development. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:595-606. [PMID: 24435167 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PAX5, a transcription factor pivotal for B-cell commitment and maintenance, is one of the most frequent targets of somatic mutations in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A number of PAX5 rearrangements result in the expression of in-frame fusion genes encoding chimeric proteins, which at the N-terminus consistently retain the PAX5 DNA-binding paired domain fused to the C-terminal domains of a markedly heterogeneous group of fusion partners. PAX5 fusion proteins are thought to function as aberrant transcription factors, which antagonize wild-type PAX5 activity. To gain mechanistic insight into the role of PAX5 fusion proteins in leukemogenesis, the biochemical and functional properties of uncharacterized fusions: PAX5-DACH1, PAX5-DACH2, PAX5-ETV6, PAX5-HIPK1, and PAX5-POM121 were ascertained. Independent of the subcellular distribution of the wild-type partner proteins, ectopic expression of all PAX5 fusion proteins showed a predominant nuclear localization, and by chromatin immunoprecipitation all of the chimeric proteins exhibited binding to endogenous PAX5 target sequences. Furthermore, consistent with the presence of potential oligomerization motifs provided by the partner proteins, the self-interaction capability of several fusion proteins was confirmed. Remarkably, a subset of the PAX5 fusion proteins conferred CD79A promoter activity; however, in contrast with wild-type PAX5, the fusion proteins were unable to induce Cd79a transcription in a murine plasmacytoma cell line. These data show that leukemia-associated PAX5 fusion proteins share some dominating characteristics such as nuclear localization and DNA binding but also show distinctive features. IMPLICATIONS This comparative study of multiple PAX5 fusion proteins demonstrates both common and unique properties, which likely dictate their function and impact on leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fortschegger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Therapeutic implications of activation of the host gene (Dleu2) promoter for miR-15a/16-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene 2013; 33:3307-15. [PMID: 23995789 PMCID: PMC4508006 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic lesions and other regulatory events lead to silencing of the 13q14 locus in a majority of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. This locus encodes a pair of critical pro-apoptotic microRNAs, miR-15a/16-1. Decreased levels of miR-15a/16-1 are critical for the increased survival exhibited by CLL cells. Similarly, in a de novo murine model of CLL, the NZB strain, germline-encoded regulation of the syntenic region resulted in decreased miR-15a/16-1. In this paper we have identified additional molecular mechanisms regulating miR-15a/16-1 levels and shown that the transcription factor BSAP (B cell Specific Activator Protein) directly interacts with Dleu2, the host gene containing the mir-15a/16-1 loci and via negative regulation of the Dleu2 promoter results in repression of mir-15a/16 expression. CLL patient B cell expression levels of BSAP were increased compared to control sources of B cells. With the use of siRNA mediated repression, the levels of BSAP were decreased in vitro in the NZB derived malignant B1 cell line, LNC, and in ex vivo CLL patient PBMC. BSAP knockdown led to an increase in the expression of miR-15a/16-1 and an increase in apoptosis and a cell cycle arrest in both the cell line and patient PBMC. Moreover, using Dleu2 promoter analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay we have shown that BSAP directly interacts with the Dleu2 promoter. Derepression of the Dleu2 promoter via inhibition of histone deacetylation combined with BSAP knockdown increased miR-15a/16 expression and increased malignant B cell death. In summary, therapy targeting enhanced host gene Dleu2 transcription may augment CLL therapy.
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Bougel S, Lhermitte B, Gallagher G, de Flaugergues JC, Janzer RC, Benhattar J. Methylation of the hTERT promoter: a novel cancer biomarker for leptomeningeal metastasis detection in cerebrospinal fluids. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2216-23. [PMID: 23444211 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases is usually confirmed by the finding of malignant cells by cytologic examination in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). More sensitive and specific cancer biomarkers may improve the detection of tumor cells in the CSF. Promoter methylation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene characterizes most cancer cells. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive method to detect hTERT methylation and to explore its use as a cancer biomarker in CSF. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In 77 CSF specimens from 67 patients, hTERT promoter methylation was evaluated using real-time methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) and real-time TaqMan PCR and MS-HRM in a single-tube assay. RESULTS Real-time MS-HRM assay was able to detect down to 1% hTERT-methylated DNA in a background of unmethylated DNA. PCR products were obtained from 90% (69/77) of CSF samples. No false positive hTERT was detected in the 21 non-neoplastic control cases, given to the method a specificity of 100%. The sensitivity of the real-time MS-HRM compared with the cytologic gold standard analysis was of 92% (11/12). Twenty-six CSFs from 22 patients with an hTERT-methylated primary tumor showed cytologic results suspicious for malignancy; in 17 (65%) of them, a diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases could be confirmed by the hTERT methylation test. CONCLUSION The hTERT real-time MS-HRM approach is fast, specific, sensitive, and could therefore become a valuable tool for diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases as an adjunct to the traditional examination of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bougel
- Authors' Affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cruickshank MN, Karimi M, Mason RL, Fenwick E, Mercer T, Tsao BP, Boackle SA, Ulgiati D. Transcriptional effects of a lupus-associated polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21). Mol Immunol 2012; 52:165-73. [PMID: 22673213 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component that determines risk. A common three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype of the complement receptor 2 (CR2) gene has been associated with increased risk of SLE (Wu et al., 2007; Douglas et al., 2009), and a less common haplotype consisting of the major allele at SNP1 and minor alleles at SNP2 and 3 confers protection (Douglas et al., 2009). SNP1 (rs3813946), which is located in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the CR2 gene, altered transcriptional activity of a CR2 promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct transiently transfected into a B cell line (Wu et al., 2007) and had an independent effect in the protective haplotype (Douglas et al., 2009). In this study, we show that this SNP alters transcriptional activity in a transiently transfected non B-cell line as well as in stably transfected cell lines, supporting its relevance in vivo. Furthermore, the allele at this SNP affects chromatin accessibility of the surrounding sequence and transcription factor binding. These data confirm the effects of rs3813946 on CR2 transcription, identifying the 5' UTR to be a novel regulatory element for the CR2 gene in which variation may alter gene function and modify the development of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Cruickshank
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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O'Brien P, Morin P, Ouellette RJ, Robichaud GA. The Pax-5 gene: a pluripotent regulator of B-cell differentiation and cancer disease. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7345-50. [PMID: 22127921 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Pax-5 oncogene encodes a potent transcription factor that plays a key role in B-cell development and cancerous processes. In normal B-lymphopoiesis, Pax-5 accomplishes a dual function by activating B-cell commitment genes while concomitantly repressing non-B-lineage genes. Given the pivotal importance of Pax-5-mediated processes in B-cell development, an aberrant regulation of Pax5 expression has consistently been associated with B-cell cancers, namely, lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemias. More recently, Pax-5 gene expression has been proposed to influence carcinogenic events in tissues of nonlymphoid origin by promoting cell growth and survival. However, in other cases, Pax-5 products have opposing effects on proliferative activity, thus redefining its generally accepted role as an oncogene in cancer. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent findings about the function and regulation of Pax-5 gene products in B-cell development and related cancers. In addition, we present new findings that highlight the pleiotropic effects of Pax-5 activity in a number of other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre O'Brien
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Gladych M, Wojtyla A, Rubis B. Human telomerase expression regulation. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 89:359-76. [DOI: 10.1139/o11-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since telomerase has been recognized as a relevant factor distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells, it has become a very promising target for anti-cancer therapy. A correlation between short telomere length and increased mortality was revealed in many studies. The telomerase expression/activity appears to be one of the most crucial factors to study to improve cancer therapy and prevention. However, this multisubunit enzymatic complex can be regulated at various levels. Thus, several strategies have been proposed to control telomerase in cancer cells such as anti-sense technology against TR and TERT, ribozymes against TERT, anti-estrogens, progesterone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, quadruplex stabilizers, telomere and telomerase targeting agents, modulation of interaction with other proteins involved in the regulation of telomerase and telomeres, etc. However, the transcription control of key telomerase subunits seems to play the crucial role in whole complexes activity and cancer cells immortality. Thus, the research of telomerase regulation can bring significant insight into the knowledge concerning stem cells metabolism but also ageing. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of numerous telomerase regulation mechanisms at the transcription level in human that might become attractive anti-cancer therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gladych
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Przybyszewskiego 49 St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta Wojtyla
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Przybyszewskiego 49 St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Blazej Rubis
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Przybyszewskiego 49 St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Renaud S, Loukinov D, Alberti L, Vostrov A, Kwon YW, Bosman FT, Lobanenkov V, Benhattar J. BORIS/CTCFL-mediated transcriptional regulation of the hTERT telomerase gene in testicular and ovarian tumor cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:862-73. [PMID: 20876690 PMCID: PMC3035453 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity, not detectable in somatic cells but frequently activated during carcinogenesis, confers immortality to tumors. Mechanisms governing expression of the catalytic subunit hTERT, the limiting factor for telomerase activity, still remain unclear. We previously proposed a model in which the binding of the transcription factor CTCF to the two first exons of hTERT results in transcriptional inhibition in normal cells. This inhibition is abrogated, however, by methylation of CTCF binding sites in 85% of tumors. Here, we showed that hTERT was unmethylated in testicular and ovarian tumors and in derivative cell lines. We demonstrated that CTCF and its paralogue, BORIS/CTCFL, were both present in the nucleus of the same cancer cells and bound to the first exon of hTERT in vivo. Moreover, exogenous BORIS expression in normal BORIS-negative cells was sufficient to activate hTERT transcription with an increasing number of cell passages. Thus, expression of BORIS was sufficient to allow hTERT transcription in normal cells and to counteract the inhibitory effect of CTCF in testicular and ovarian tumor cells. These results define an important contribution of BORIS to immortalization during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Renaud
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from August to November 2009. J Hematop 2009; 2:245-51. [PMID: 20309432 PMCID: PMC2798938 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-009-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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