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Goldstein NB, Berk ZBK, Tomb LC, Hu J, Hoaglin LG, Roop DR, Adiri R, Zhuang Y, Canosa JM, Sanders P, Norris DA, Nocka K, Cha A, Birlea SA. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors Increase Pigment Cell Proliferation and Melanization in Cultured Melanocytes and within a 3-Dimensional Skin Equivalent Model. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)02055-4. [PMID: 39182565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by white macules and patches of the skin, having a negative impact on patients' life and without any definitive cure at present. Identification of new compounds to reverse depigmentation is therefore a pressing need for this disease. The pharmacologic compounds phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4is) are small molecules with immunomodulatory properties used for treatment of inflammatory dermatoses. PDE4is have shown repigmentation effects in patients with vitiligo, in some case reports. We characterized the proliferative and melanogenic potential of 2 known PDE4is-crisaborole and roflumilast-and of a more recently designed compound, PF-07038124. We used 2 in vitro model systems-the primary human melanocyte culture and a 3-dimensional cocultured skin model (MelanoDerm)-with an exploratory testing platform composed of complementary assays (spectrophotometry, melanin and proliferation assays, immunostaining, Fontana-Masson staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing). We identified that treatment with PDE4is was associated with increased melanocyte proliferation and melanization in both in vitro models and with increase in the melanogenic genes and proteins expression in cultured melanocytes. These effects were found to be enhanced by addition of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Our findings support the further evaluation of PDE4is with or without α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone agonists in vitiligo trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary B K Berk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Landon C Tomb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roni Adiri
- Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Herzlyia Pituach, Israel
| | - Yonghua Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Amy Cha
- Pfizer, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Cui L, Zhu L, Chen J, Li C, Yu Y, Xu S. Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 as a Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1961. [PMID: 37895310 PMCID: PMC10606244 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in immune monitoring and immune defense during tumor growth and metastasis. However, their prognostic roles in pan-cancer have not been elucidated. In this work, we screened all chemokine receptors in pan-cancer and discovered X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 (XCR1) as a reliable immunological and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer using bioinformation. The TCGA database served as the foundation for the primary research database analysis in this work. XCR1 was downregulated in tumors. Patients with reduced XCR1 showed worse prognoses and a concomitant decrease in immune cell infiltration (DCs and CD8+ T cells). According to a gene enrichment study, XCR1 enhanced immune system performance by promoting T-cell infiltration through the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9)- C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 (CXCR3) axis. In addition, XCR1 is mainly expressed in infiltrated DCs and some malignant cells in tumor tissues. Our data revealed the important role of XCR1 in remodeling the tumor microenvironment and predicting the survival prognosis, which could also be used as a sensitive biomarker for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Liye Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunzhen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (C.L.)
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
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3
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Israr M, DeVoti JA, Papayannakos CJ, Bonagura VR. Role of chemokines in HPV-induced cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:170-183. [PMID: 36402301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cancers of the uterine cervix, oropharynx, anus, and vulvovaginal tract. Low-risk HPVs, such as HPV6 and 11, can also cause benign mucosal lesions including genital warts, and in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, lesions in the larynx, and on occasion, in the lungs. However, both high and less tumorigenic HPVs share a striking commonality in manipulating both innate and adaptive immune responses in HPV- infected keratinocytes, the natural host for HPV infection. In addition, immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment influences cancer growth and prognosis, and this process is tightly regulated by different chemokines. Chemokines are small proteins and exert their biological effects by binding with G protein-coupled chemokine receptors (GPCRs) that are found on the surfaces of select target cells. Chemokines are not only involved in the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment and organ-directed metastases but also involved in disease progression through enhancing tumor cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, having a solid grasp on chemokines and immune checkpoint modulators can help in the treatment of these cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the expression patterns and regulation of the main chemokines found in HPV-induced cancers, and their effects on both immune and non-immune cells in these lesions. Importantly, we also present the current knowledge of therapeutic interventions on the expression of specific chemokine and their receptors that have been shown to influence the development and progression of HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - James A DeVoti
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Papayannakos
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
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4
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Cloning of Grass Carp Chemokine XC Receptor 1 (XCR1) Gene and Evaluation of Its Expression in Various Organs after GCRV Infection. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between the chemokine receptor XCR1 and its ligand is closely related to the immune function in animals; however, there are only a few reports on role of XCR1 in the immune system of fish. We aimed to analyze the expression of XCR1 in various organs or tissues of grass carp before and after Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) infection to better understand the function of XCR1 in resistance to GCRV infection. We cloned and sequenced the cDNA of grass carp XCR1 and analyzed the molecular structure of XCR1 based its amino acid sequence. Further, we analyzed the relative expression levels of XCR1 in different organs or tissues of male parent grass carp with GCRV resistance (P1) and their first-generation offspring (F1) before and after GCRV infection. Our results show that the total length of cDNA of the grass carp XCR1 gene is 1659 bp and encodes 365 amino acids. XCR1 contains seven conserved transmembrane helical domains. The homologous tertiary structure of XCR1 is similar to its homologs in other species. After artificial GCRV infection, there were significant differences in the expression of the grass carp XCR1 gene in different tissues, at different time points, and between P1 and F1 fish. These results will contribute to our understanding of the role of XCR1 in fish immune responses and contribute to the development of GCRV-resistant grass carp.
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Nisar S, Yousuf P, Masoodi T, Wani NA, Hashem S, Singh M, Sageena G, Mishra D, Kumar R, Haris M, Bhat AA, Macha MA. Chemokine-Cytokine Networks in the Head and Neck Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094584. [PMID: 33925575 PMCID: PMC8123862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive diseases with a dismal patient prognosis. Despite significant advances in treatment modalities, the five-year survival rate in patients with HNSCC has improved marginally and therefore warrants a comprehensive understanding of the HNSCC biology. Alterations in the cellular and non-cellular components of the HNSCC tumor micro-environment (TME) play a critical role in regulating many hallmarks of cancer development including evasion of apoptosis, activation of invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, response to therapy, immune escape mechanisms, deregulation of energetics, and therefore the development of an overall aggressive HNSCC phenotype. Cytokines and chemokines are small secretory proteins produced by neoplastic or stromal cells, controlling complex and dynamic cell-cell interactions in the TME to regulate many cancer hallmarks. This review summarizes the current understanding of the complex cytokine/chemokine networks in the HNSCC TME, their role in activating diverse signaling pathways and promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India;
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Genetikode 400102, India;
| | - Nissar A. Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India;
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mayank Singh
- Departmental of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | | | - Deepika Mishra
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research, School of Biotechnology and Indian Council of Medical Research, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, India;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.); or (M.A.M.); Tel.: +974-40037703 (A.A.B.); +91-8082326900 (M.A.M.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.); or (M.A.M.); Tel.: +974-40037703 (A.A.B.); +91-8082326900 (M.A.M.)
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Xue D, Zheng Y, Wen J, Han J, Tuo H, Liu Y, Peng Y. Role of chemokines in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:809-823. [PMID: 33650640 PMCID: PMC7859922 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, with an unsatisfactory prognosis, although treatments are improving. One of the main challenges for the treatment of HCC is the prevention or management of recurrence and metastasis of HCC. It has been found that chemokines and their receptors serve a pivotal role in HCC progression. In the present review, the literature on the multifactorial roles of exosomes in HCC from PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase were obtained, with a specific focus on the functions and mechanisms of chemokines in HCC. To date, >50 chemokines have been found, which can be divided into four families: CXC, CX3C, CC and XC, according to the different positions of the conserved N‑terminal cysteine residues. Chemokines are involved in the inflammatory response, tumor immune response, proliferation, invasion and metastasis via modulation of various signaling pathways. Thus, chemokines and their receptors directly or indirectly shape the tumor cell microenvironment, and regulate the biological behavior of the tumor. In addition, the potential application of chemokines in chemotaxis of exosomes as drug vehicles is discussed. Exosomes containing chemokines or expressing receptors for chemokines may improve chemotaxis to HCC and may thus be exploited for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Medical Center Laboratory, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Junye Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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Chang X, Cao Y, Fu WL, Tang XF, Wang YL, Lv YF, Guo QN. Overexpression of chemokine receptor lymphotactin receptor 1 has prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1551. [PMID: 33377624 PMCID: PMC7963425 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma. X‐C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) exerts important roles in tumor progression; however, its role in ccRCC is unclear. Methods We utilized publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess the role of XCR1 in ccRCC and validated the results in 36 samples from patients with ccRCC who underwent curative resection in Xinqiao Hospital Chongqing. XCR1 overexpression was identified in ccRCC, which was confirmed by qRT‐PCR assay and immunohistochemical staining of ccRCC samples. Results For the TCGA and clinical data, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that higher XCR1 expression in ccRCC was related to longer overall survival. Cox regression analysis suggested that XCR1 is an independent risk factor for ccRCC. GSEA analysis suggested that XCR1 is associated with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. XCR1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased ccRCC cell proliferation and migration, and decreased cell apoptosis. Conclusion We found higher XCR1 expression in ccRCC compared with that in normal tissues is related to longer overall survival in patients with ccRCC. XCR1 knockdown significantly increased RCC cells proliferation and migration, and decreased apoptosis. XCR1 might be used as a prognostic biomarker in ccRCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ya Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Lei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Do HTT, Cho J. Involvement of the ERK/HIF-1α/EMT Pathway in XCL1-Induced Migration of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010089. [PMID: 33374849 PMCID: PMC7796296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine–receptor interactions play multiple roles in cancer progression. It was reported that the overexpression of X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1), a specific receptor for chemokine X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (XCL1), stimulates the migration of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. However, the exact mechanisms of this process remain to be elucidated. Our study found that XCL1 treatment markedly enhanced MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Additionally, XCL1 treatment enhanced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231 cells via E-cadherin downregulation and upregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin as well as increases in β-catenin nucleus translocation. Furthermore, XCL1 enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Notably, the effects of XCL1 on cell migration and intracellular signaling were negated by knockdown of XCR1 using siRNA, confirming XCR1-mediated actions. Treating MDA-MB-231 cells with U0126, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor, blocked XCL1-induced HIF-1α accumulation and cell migration. The effect of XCL1 on cell migration was also evaluated in ER-/HER2+ SK-BR-3 cells. XCL1 also promoted cell migration, EMT induction, HIF-1α accumulation, and ERK phosphorylation in SK-BR-3 cells. While XCL1 did not exhibit any significant impact on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expressions in MDA-MB-231 cells, it increased the expression of these enzymes in SK-BR-3 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that activation of the ERK/HIF-1α/EMT pathway is involved in the XCL1-induced migration of both MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Based on our findings, the XCL1–XCR1 interaction and its associated signaling molecules may serve as specific targets for the prevention of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis.
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9
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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10
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Abdullah Zubir AZ, Whawell SA, Wong TS, Khurram SA. The chemokine lymphotactin and its recombinant variants in oral cancer cell regulation. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1668-1676. [PMID: 32562323 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of XCR1 receptor and its metamorphic ligand lymphotactin (hLtn) has been shown in cancers but their precise role in tumorigenesis is poorly understood including the significance of the physiologically existing hLtn monomeric (CC3) and dimeric (W55D) confirmations where the latter thought to function as the receptor antagonist. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of bioengineered hLtn variants and the role of fibroblasts in XCR1/hLtn expression regulation in oral cancer cells (OCCL). MATERIAL AND METHODS qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of XCR1 and hLtn. Recombinant hLtn variants (wild-type, CC3 and W55D mutant) were designed, expressed, purified and evaluated using proliferation, adhesion and chemotaxis assays. XCR1 and hLtn expression regulation by fibroblasts was determined using indirect co-culture. XCR1 and hLtn expression in primary and metastatic OSCC tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS hLtn caused a significant decrease in OCCL XCR1 surface protein expression. hLtn CC3 mutant was highly functional facilitating proliferation and migration. Conditioned media from primary cancer-associated and senescent fibroblasts significantly upregulated XCR1 and hLtn mRNA expression in OCCL. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher XCR1 and hLtn expression in metastatic tumour deposits and surrounding stroma compared to primary OSCC tissue. CONCLUSIONS The development of hLtn biological mutants, regulation of XCR1 expression by its ligand hLtn and crosstalk with fibroblasts are novel findings suggesting an important role for the XCR1/hLtn axis within the OSCC tumour microenvironment. These discoveries build upon previous studies and suggest that the hLtn/XCR1 axis has a significant role in stromal crosstalk and OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zaki Abdullah Zubir
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon A Whawell
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tuck Seng Wong
- CheLSI, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Nakaoka H, Yachida N, Yamaguchi M, Suda K, Ishiguro T, Nishino K, Ichikawa H, Homma K, Kikuchi A, Ueda Y, Takei Y, Fujiwara H, Motoyama T, Okuda S, Wakai T, Inoue I, Enomoto T. XCL1 expression correlates with CD8-positive T cells infiltration and PD-L1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Oncogene 2020; 39:3541-3554. [PMID: 32115573 PMCID: PMC7176584 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characteristics of carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCT) remain unclear due to its rarity. We analyzed RNA-sequencing data of 2322 pan-cancer [1378 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 6 adenosquamous carcinomas (ASC), and 938 adenocarcinomas (AC)] including six carcinomas arising from MCT (four SCCs, one ASC, and one AC). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed that gene expression profiles of carcinomas arising from MCT were different between each histological type and that gene expression profiles of SCCs arising MCT (MCT-SCCs) was apparently similar to those of lung SCCs. By epidermis-associated pathways activity based on gene set enrichment analysis, 1030 SCCs were divided into two groups: epidermis-signature high (head and neck, esophagus, and skin) and low (cervix, lung, and MCT). In addition to pan-SCC transcriptome analysis, cytokeratin profiling based on immunohistochemistry in the independent samples of 21 MCT-SCCs clarified that MCT-SCC dominantly expressed CK18, suggesting the origin of MCT-SCC was columnar epithelium. Subsequently, we investigated differentially expressed genes in MCT-SCCs compared with different SCCs and identified XCL1 was specifically overexpressed in MCT-SCCs. Through immunohistochemistry analysis, we identified XCL1 expression on tumor cells in 13/24 (54%) of MCT-SCCs but not in MCTs. XCL1 expression was also significantly associated with the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8-positive T cells and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. XCL1 produced by tumor cells may induce PD1/PD-L1 interaction and dysfunction of CD8-positive T cells in tumor microenvironment. XCL1 expression may be a novel biomarker for malignant transformation of MCT into SCC and a biomarker candidate for therapeutic response to an anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yachida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Manako Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Pathology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, 951-8133, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, 951-8133, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Takei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Teiichi Motoyama
- Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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12
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Xu F, He D, Ning R, Zeng B, Thompson CW, Li Y, Wang D, Li Y. Genetic diversity of chemokine XCL1 and its receptor XCR1 in murine rodents. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:80-88. [PMID: 31026469 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine ligand XCL1 plays critical roles in immune responses with diverse physiological and pathological implications through interactions with a cognate G protein-coupled receptor XCR1. To shed insight into their versatile nature, we analyzed genetic variations of XCL1 and XCR1 in murine rodents, including commonly-used model organisms Mus musculus (house mouse) and Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat). Our results showed that adaptive selection has contributed to the genetic diversification of these proteins in murine lineage. Moreover, in both M. musculus and R. norvegicus, the chemokine and its receptor exhibit similar signs of selective sweeps resulting from positive selection. In light of currently available structural and interaction information for chemokines and their receptors, the similarity of XCL1/XCR1 evolutionary patterns among murine species and the parallels of their evolutionary footprints within individual species suggest that interplay could exist between the adaptively selected changes, or between the domains on which the identified changes are located, and consequently preserve the physiological interaction of XCL1 and XCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cody W Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhang SM, Tian FJ, Zeng WH, Ma XL, Ren JB, Lin Y. XCL1-XCR1 pathway promotes trophoblast invasion at maternal-fetal interface by inducing MMP-2/MMP-9 activity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12990. [PMID: 29856101 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Certain chemokines with their receptors can promote or inhibit trophoblast cell migration and invasion in human first-trimester placenta. Whether the lymphotactin (Lptn; XCL1)-XC chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) chemokine pathway affects trophoblast cell migration and invasion in human first-trimester placenta remains unclear. METHOD OF STUDY The expression pattern of chemokine XCL1 and its receptor XCR1 was detected in human first-trimester by qRT-PCR, and the effect of recombinant human XCL1 (rhXCL1) on trophoblast cell function was tested by wound healing and Transwell assays. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in trophoblast cells treated with rhXCL1 was assessed via qRT-PCR and gelatin zymography. RESULTS Abundant XCR1 mRNA was expressed in the first-trimester decidua and villi. XCL1 and XCR1 mRNA were expressed at a higher level in the first-trimester than in the term placenta. RhXCL1 promoted trophoblast cell migration and invasion by increasing MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity and that of the MMP-2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2) complex via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT kinase (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), and JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION XCL1-XCR1 chemokine pathway promotes trophoblast invasion by increasing matrix metalloproteinase activity in human first-trimester placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zeng
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Ma
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Ren
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Bird EV, Iannitti T, Christmas CR, Obara I, Andreev VI, King AE, Boissonade FM. A Novel Role for Lymphotactin (XCL1) Signaling in the Nervous System: XCL1 Acts via its Receptor XCR1 to Increase Trigeminal Neuronal Excitability. Neuroscience 2018; 379:334-349. [PMID: 29588250 PMCID: PMC5953414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We identified XCR1 in the peripheral and central nervous systems and demonstrated its upregulation following nerve injury. In injured nerve, XCR1 is present in nerve fibers, CD45-positive leucocytes and Schwann cells. In Vc, XCR1 labeling is consistent with expression in terminals of Aδ- and C-fiber afferents and excitatory interneurons. XCL1 increases neuronal excitability and activates intracellular signaling in Vc, a pain-processing region of the CNS. These data provide the first evidence that the XCL1-XCR1 axis may play a role in trigeminal pain pathways.
Chemokines are known to have a role in the nervous system, influencing a range of processes including the development of chronic pain. To date there are very few studies describing the functions of the chemokine lymphotactin (XCL1) or its receptor (XCR1) in the nervous system. We investigated the role of the XCL1-XCR1 axis in nociceptive processing, using a combination of immunohistochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological techniques. Expression of XCR1 in the rat mental nerve was elevated 3 days following chronic constriction injury (CCI), compared with 11 days post-CCI and sham controls. XCR1 co-existed with neuronal marker PGP9.5, leukocyte common antigen CD45 and Schwann cell marker S-100. In the trigeminal root and white matter of the brainstem, XCR1-positive cells co-expressed the oligodendrocyte marker Olig2. In trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), XCR1 immunoreactivity was present in the outer laminae and was colocalized with vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2), but not calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or isolectin B4 (IB4). Incubation of brainstem slices with XCL1 induced activation of c-Fos, ERK and p38 in the superficial layers of Vc, and enhanced levels of intrinsic excitability. These effects were blocked by the XCR1 antagonist viral CC chemokine macrophage inhibitory protein-II (vMIP-II). This study has identified for the first time a role for XCL1-XCR1 in nociceptive processing, demonstrating upregulation of XCR1 at nerve injury sites and identifying XCL1 as a modulator of central excitability and signaling via XCR1 in Vc, a key area for modulation of orofacial pain, thus indicating XCR1 as a potential target for novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Bird
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Claire R Christmas
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Ilona Obara
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Veselin I Andreev
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Anne E King
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Fiona M Boissonade
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
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15
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Yanru W, Zhenyu B, Zhengchuan N, Qi Q, Chunmin L, Weiqiang Y. Transcriptomic analyses of chemokines reveal that down-regulation of XCR1 is associated with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1314-1321. [PMID: 29408492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are essential coordinators of cellular migration and cell-cell interactions, therefore considerable attention has been paid to the application of chemokines to cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we screened for the expression levels of 58 human chemokines/chemokine receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using samples from the TCGA LIHC cohort and found 16 consistently down-regulated and 11 up-regulated chemokine genes in HCC compared with normal samples. Furthermore, the expressions of XCR1 were verified by Western blot in liver cancer cell lines. We used CCK8, plate cloning formation, scratch-wound and transwell analysis to measure the ability of proliferation, metastasis and invasion, respectively. Protein expression was analyzed by cell immunofluorescence and western-blot. We found that silencing XCR1 promoted, while overexpressing XCR1 inhibited, HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, its mechanism may involve in inhibition of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). However, the overexpression of XCR1 in HCCLM3 in vitro can restrain the growth partially due to the inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that high expression of XCR1 is positively associated with EMT, which is closely associated with tumor migration and invasion. Our study provides the basis for further investigation of the molecular mechanism by which down-regulation of XCR1 promotes the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yanru
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bai Zhenyu
- Department of Laboratory, General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Medical Group, Henan, China.
| | - Niu Zhengchuan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Chunmin
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Weiqiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Meisenberg C, Ashour ME, El-Shafie L, Liao C, Hodgson A, Pilborough A, Khurram SA, Downs JA, Ward SE, El-Khamisy SF. Epigenetic changes in histone acetylation underpin resistance to the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1159-1176. [PMID: 28180300 PMCID: PMC5388393 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor irinotecan triggers cell death by trapping TOP1 on DNA, generating cytotoxic protein-linked DNA breaks (PDBs). Despite its wide application in a variety of solid tumors, the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to irinotecan remains poorly understood. Here, we generated colorectal cancer (CRC) cell models for irinotecan resistance and report that resistance is neither due to downregulation of the main cellular target of irinotecan TOP1 nor upregulation of the key TOP1 PDB repair factor TDP1. Instead, the faster repair of PDBs underlies resistance, which is associated with perturbed histone H4K16 acetylation. Subsequent treatment of irinotecan-resistant, but not parental, CRC cells with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can effectively overcome resistance. Immunohistochemical analyses of CRC tissues further corroborate the importance of histone H4K16 acetylation in CRC. Finally, the resistant clones exhibit cross-resistance with oxaliplatin but not with ionising radiation or 5-fluoruracil, suggesting that the latter two could be employed following loss of irinotecan response. These findings identify perturbed chromatin acetylation in irinotecan resistance and establish HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutic means to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Meisenberg
- Mammalian Genome Stability Group, Krebs and Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.,The Wellcome Trust DNA Repair Group, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Mohamed E Ashour
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Mammalian Genome Stability Group, Krebs and Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lamia El-Shafie
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Mammalian Genome Stability Group, Krebs and Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adam Hodgson
- Mammalian Genome Stability Group, Krebs and Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alice Pilborough
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Syed A Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica A Downs
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Simon E Ward
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Mammalian Genome Stability Group, Krebs and Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.,The Wellcome Trust DNA Repair Group, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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17
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:867-875. [PMID: 28742795 PMCID: PMC5589989 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanisms involved in the invasion of bone by oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are poorly understood, and little is known about the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the presence of which confers a poor prognosis. Methods: Clinicopathological data from 277 OSCC cases involving bone resections were reviewed, and 32 cases thoroughly analysed histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine αSMA, RANKL and OPG. Western blotting and qPCR were used to assess myofibroblast (CAF-like) differentiation, RANKL and OPG expression in vitro, and RANKL secretion was analysed by ELISA. Osteoclastogenesis was examined using TRAP staining, multinucleation and pit forming assays. Results: Fibrous stroma intervened between tumour and bone in the majority of cases, with no direct contact between cancer cells and bone. RANKL and OPG, two proteins key to regulating bone resorption, were expressed in tumour cells as well as fibrous stroma adjacent to bone and αSMA-positive myofibroblastic CAF were consistently seen infiltrating into bone ahead of tumour cells. Human primary osteoblasts cultured with conditioned media from human OSCC-derived cells and human primary CAF showed a significant increase in RANKL and a decline in OPG mRNA expression. RANKL secretion was significantly increased in primary oral fibroblasts induced to differentiate into a CAF-like phenotype by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment and in primary CAF. Indirect co-culture of murine macrophages with conditioned media from CAF (experimentally derived and isolated from OSCCs) resulted in a marked increase in osteoclastogenesis (in excess of that provoked by cancer cells) determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, multinucleation and resorption pit formation. Conclusions: This study is the first to describe a functional role for CAFs in bone invasion and turnover, identifying a novel potential therapeutic target and diagnostic indicator in this difficult to treat bone invasive malignancy.
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18
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Yang XL, Qi LG, Lin FJ, Ou ZL. The role of the chemokine receptor XCR1 in breast cancer cells. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:227-236. [PMID: 28408852 PMCID: PMC5384703 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s126184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has recently been paid to the application of chemokines to cancer immunotherapy due to their complex role in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and tumorigenesis, which extends beyond the regulation of lymphocyte migration during immune responses. The expression and the function of the chemokine receptor XCR1 on breast cancer have remained elusive to date. In this study, the expressions of XCR1 mRNA were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in one breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) and nine breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, 231HM, 231BO, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, T47D, Bcap-37, ZR-75-30, and SK-BR-3). We established XCR1-overexpressing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (231/XCR1) in XCR1 low expression cell line MDA-MB-231 (231). The ability of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis was measured by CCK8, plate cloning formation, and transwell analysis, respectively, in XCR1-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines (231/XCR1) and their parental cell line MDA-MB-231/Vector (simplified as “231/Vector”); 5×106/100 μL cells were inoculated in mammary fat pad of BALB/c nude mice. There were six BALB/c nude mice in the experimental group and control group. Protein expression was analyzed by cell immunofluorescence and Western blot. The growth of XCR1-overexpressing human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro was restrained and tumorigenesis in vivo was also extenuated, its mechanism may involve in the inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but increase in LC3 expression. However, the overexpression of XCR1 in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro can promote the migration and invasion partially due to decreasing the protein level of β-catenin. Therefore, XCR1 can affect the biological characteristics of some special breast cancer cells through complex signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li Yang
- Department of Oncology, Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai
| | - Li Guo Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Juan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai
| | - Zhou Luo Ou
- Department of Oncology, Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai
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Yu L, Yang GB. Progress in research on C-chemokine XCL1. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:602-609. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i7.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
XCL1, also known as lymphotactin, is the only known member of the C-type-chemokine family, which is produced mainly by CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. XCL1 has a unique amino acid sequence feature and two interchangeable conformations, which makes XCL1 different from other chemokines in structure and function. The XCL1-specific receptor, XCR1, is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family and plays an important role in the negative selection of T cells in the thymus and in the initiation of cross-antigen presentation and mediation of cytotoxic immune responses. XCL1 can regulate the balance of the immune system and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, and it is involved in a variety of diseases such as autoimmune diseases, nephritis, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. In recent years, the selective expression of XCR1 on CD8+ DCs with strong cross antigen-presention ability has been proved, which has led to studies using XCL1 for mucosal immunization, antitumor immunotherapy and targeted vaccine development.
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da Silva JM, Soave DF, Moreira dos Santos TP, Batista AC, Russo RC, Teixeira MM, Silva TAD. Significance of chemokine and chemokine receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A critical review. Oral Oncol 2016; 56:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Wang T, Han S, Wu Z, Han Z, Yan W, Liu T, Wei H, Song D, Zhou W, Yang X, Xiao J. XCR1 promotes cell growth and migration and is correlated with bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:635-641. [PMID: 26166822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis occurs in approximately 30-40% patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the mechanism underlying this bone metastasis remains poorly understood. The chemokine super family is believed to play an important role in tumor metastasis in lung cancer. The chemokine receptor XCR1 has been identified to promote cell proliferation and migration in oral cancer and ovarian carcinoma, but the role of XCR1 in lung cancer has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that XCR1 was overexpressed in lung cancer bone metastasis as compared with that in patients with primary lung cancer. In addition, the XCR1 ligand XCL1 promoted the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells markedly, and knockdown of XCR1 by siRNA abolished the effect of XCL1 in cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we identified JAK2/STAT3 as a novel downstream pathway of XCR1, while XCL1/XCR1 increased the mRNA level of the downstream of JAK2/STAT3 including PIM1, JunB, TTP, MMP2 and MMP9. These results indicate that XCR1 is a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Han
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Sahingur SE, Yeudall WA. Chemokine function in periodontal disease and oral cavity cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:214. [PMID: 25999952 PMCID: PMC4419853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, comprise a superfamily of polypeptides with a wide range of activities that include recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, as well as stimulation of cell proliferation. As such, they function as antimicrobial molecules and play a central role in host defenses against pathogen challenge. However, their ability to recruit leukocytes and potentiate or prolong the inflammatory response may have profound implications for the progression of oral diseases such as chronic periodontitis, where tissue destruction may be widespread. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that chronic inflammation is a key component of tumor progression. Interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment is mediated in large part by secreted factors such as chemokines, and serves to enhance the malignant phenotype in oral and other cancers. In this article, we will outline the biological and biochemical mechanisms of chemokine action in host–microbiome interactions in periodontal disease and in oral cancer, and how these may overlap and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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23
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Zhou J, Xiang Y, Yoshimura T, Chen K, Gong W, Huang J, Zhou Y, Yao X, Bian X, Wang JM. The role of chemoattractant receptors in shaping the tumor microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:751392. [PMID: 25110692 PMCID: PMC4119707 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractant receptors are a family of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) initially found to mediate the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. During the past decades, the functions of these GPCRs have been discovered to not only regulate leukocyte trafficking and promote immune responses, but also play important roles in homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that chemoattractant GPCRs and their ligands promote the progression of malignant tumors based on their capacity to orchestrate the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells. This facilitates the interaction of tumor cells with host cells, tumor cells with tumor cells, and host cells with host cells to provide a basis for the expansion of established tumors and development of distant metastasis. In addition, many malignant tumors of the nonhematopoietic origin express multiple chemoattractant GPCRs that increase the invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, GPCRs and their ligands constitute targets for the development of novel antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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24
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Khurram SA, Bingle L, McCabe BM, Farthing PM, Whawell SA. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 regulate oral cancer cell behaviour. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:667-74. [PMID: 24965032 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines regulate physiological and pathological leucocyte trafficking, and chemokine receptors play a role in tumorigenesis. Expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 has been shown in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) but remains poorly characterised. This aim of this study was to investigate CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression on normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) and oral cancer cell lines (OCCL) and their relative response when exposed to IL-8 and growth-related oncogene-α (which selectively binds CXCR2). METHODS mRNA and protein expression was studied using RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. ELISAs were used to investigate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and MMP production, whereas a MTS-based assay was employed to study proliferation. Migration assays were carried out using modified Boyden chambers with a matrigel coating used for invasion assays. RESULTS mRNA expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was seen in both NOKs and OCCL with significantly higher protein expression in OCCL. Exposure to IL-8 and GROα increased intracellular ERK phosphorylation, proliferation, migration and invasion with OCCL showing a greater response than NOKs. These effects were mediated through CXCR1 and CXCR2 (for IL-8) and CXCR2 (for GROα) as receptor-blocking antibodies significantly inhibited the responses. IL-8 and GROα also increased MMP-9 release from NOKs and OCCL with significantly higher amounts released by OCCL. However, an increase in MMP-7 production was only seen in OCCL. CONCLUSIONS Functional CXCR1 and CXCR2 exist on normal and cancerous oral epithelial cells, and our data suggests a role for these receptors in oral cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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25
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ADAM 10 is over expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and contributes to invasive behaviour through a functional association with αvβ6 integrin. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3529-34. [PMID: 24055471 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) proteins are upregulated in cancer and can interact with integrin receptors. We investigated whether such interactions may have functional significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). ADAM 10 expression was increased in OSCC tissue and cell lines compared to normal oral mucosa. Silencing of ADAM 10 reduced migration and invasion specifically in OSCC cells over-expressing αvβ6 integrin. This may result from ADAM 10-induced up-regulation of MMPs. We conclude ADAM 10 may influence OSCC invasion by functionally interacting with αvβ6 integrin which we have previously shown is over expressed in OSCC.
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26
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Deutsch AJA, Steinbauer E, Hofmann NA, Strunk D, Gerlza T, Beham-Schmid C, Schaider H, Neumeister P. Chemokine receptors in gastric MALT lymphoma: loss of CXCR4 and upregulation of CXCR7 is associated with progression to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:182-94. [PMID: 22936065 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors have a crucial role in the development and progression of lymphoid neoplasms. To determine the chemokine receptor expression profile in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, we performed an expression analysis of 19 chemokine receptors at mRNA levels by using real-time RT-PCR, as well as of five chemokine receptors--CCR8, CCR9, CXCR4, CXCR6 and CXCR7--by immunohistochemistry on human tissue samples of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma and gastric extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma originating from MALT lymphoma (transformed MALT lymphoma). Following malignant transformation from H. pylori-associated gastritis to MALT lymphoma, an upregulation of CCR7, CXCR3 and CXCR7, and a loss of CXCR4 were detected. The transformation of gastric MALT lymphomas to gastric extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was accompanied by upregulation of CCR1, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CXCR3, CXCR6, CXCR7 and XCR1. Remarkably, CXCR4 expression was exclusively found in nodal marginal B-cell lymphomas and nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas but not at extranodal manifestation sites, ie, in gastric MALT lymphomas or gastric extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, the incidence of bone marrow infiltration (16/51 with bone marrow involvement vs 35/51 with bone marrow involvement; Spearman ρ=0467 P<0.001) positively correlated with CXCR4 expression. CXCL12, the ligand of CXCR4 and CXCR7, was expressed by epithelial, endothelial and inflammatory cells, MALT lymphoma cells and was most strongly expressed by extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells, suggesting at least in part an autocrine signaling pathway. Our data indicate that CXCR4 expression is associated with nodal manifestation and a more advanced stage of lymphomas and hence, might serve as useful clinical prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J A Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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27
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Kim M, Rooper L, Xie J, Rayahin J, Burdette JE, Kajdacsy-Balla AA, Barbolina MV. The lymphotactin receptor is expressed in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and contributes to cell migration and proliferation. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1419-29. [PMID: 22964431 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor-ligand interactions are important to support functioning of both normal and pathologic cells. The expression and function of chemokine receptors in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is largely unknown. Here, we report that the lymphotactin receptor (XCR1) was expressed in primary and metastatic human epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) specimens and cell lines. In contrast, expression of XCR1 was not detected in the normal ovary or in human normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Our data indicate that XCL1 and XCL2 are either present in the malignant ascites or expressed by the ovarian carcinoma cells. The addition of lymphotactin (XCL1 and XCL2) stimulated migration and proliferation of XCR1-positive cells. Reduction of XCR1 expression in ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 resulted in abrogated diaphragm and peritoneal wall tumor formation and in reduced frequency of colonic, splenetic, and liver nodules in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data suggest that XCR1 is expressed early during the course of tumorigenic transformation and contributes towards increased cell migration and proliferation, which can facilitate the prometastatic behavior of EOC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St., PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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28
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Yamashita Y, Kajiura D, Tang L, Hasegawa Y, Kinoshita T, Nakamura S, Akatsuka S, Toyokuni S, Mori N. XCR1 expression and biased VH gene usage are distinct features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially manifesting in the bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 135:556-64. [PMID: 21411777 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpctdc5py3lxbp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 29 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially manifesting in the bone marrow (BM-DLBCL) were analyzed for V(H) gene sequence, and expression microarray of chemokines and chemokine receptors and immunohistochemical analysis were done. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analyses of 18 cases revealed that the V(H) gene usage in 6 cases was restricted to V(H)3-7, in 3 cases to V(H)4-34, and in 2 cases to V(H)4-39, which were all previously reported to be autoreactive. In total, 14 of 18 V(H) genes were those associated with autoimmune diseases, including V(H)3-21, V(H)3-23, and V(H)3-48. Furthermore, cDNA microarray analysis specific for chemokine and chemokine receptors revealed that chemokine receptor XCR1 expression was significantly elevated in the BM-DLBCL cases (P < .05), which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Expression of the chemokine receptor XCR1 and frequent usage of autoreactive V(H) genes seem to be distinct characteristics of BM-DLBCL.
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29
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Expressions of CXCR7/ligands may be involved in oral carcinogenesis. J Mol Histol 2011; 42:175-80. [PMID: 21442287 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process and requires accumulation and interplay of a series of molecular events. Chemokines and their receptors have been suggested to play important roles in the initiation or progression of cancers. Until now, no report focuses on their alterations in premalignant stage of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Compared with normal tissues, mRNA levels of 9 chemokines and 3 chemokine receptors including CXCR7 in oral leukoplakia (OLK) were increased more than two folds by microarray analysis. Then, CXCR7 was selected for further confirmation and immunohistochemistry examination during multistage oral carcinogenesis. CXCR7 was expressed in 85% of OLK and 86% of OSCC. However, only 8% (1 of 13 cases) of normal tissue displayed CXCR7 immunostaining. The positive ratios of CXCR7, CXCL12 and CXCL11 in OLK and OSCC tissues respectively, were significantly higher than that in normal epithelia (P < 0.05), although no significant difference was found between OLK and OSCC. Meanwhile, CXCR7 always concomitantly expressed with it ligands in OLK and OSCC tissues. Our results indicated that CXCR7-CXCL12/CXCL11 axis might play important roles in oral carcinogenesis.
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