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Kuang Z, Ge Y, Cao L, Wang X, Liu K, Wang J, Zhu X, Wu M, Li J. Precision Treatment of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: An Updated Review. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:1038-1054. [PMID: 39066853 PMCID: PMC11329674 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Anthracycline (ANT)-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a particularly prominent form of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity leading to the limitations of ANTs in clinical practice. Even though AIC has drawn particular attention, the best way to treat it is remaining unclear. Updates to AIC therapy have been made possible by recent developments in research on the underlying processes of AIC. We review the current molecular pathways leading to AIC: 1) oxidative stress (OS) including enzymatic-induced and other mechanisms; 2) topoisomerase; 3) inflammatory response; 4) cardiac progenitor cell damage; 5) epigenetic changes; 6) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. And we systematically discuss current prevention and treatment strategies and novel pathogenesis-based therapies for AIC: 1) dose reduction and change; 2) altering drug delivery methods; 3) antioxidants, dexrezosen, statina, RAAS inhibitors, and hypoglycemic drugs; 4) miRNA, natural phytochemicals, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiac progenitor cells. We also offer a fresh perspective on the management of AIC by outlining the current dilemmas and challenges associated with its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Yuansha Ge
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Luchang Cao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- The 3rd affiliated hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 10053, China.
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2
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Bischof L, Schweitzer F, Heinisch JJ. Functional Conservation of the Small GTPase Rho5/Rac1-A Tale of Yeast and Men. Cells 2024; 13:472. [PMID: 38534316 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are molecular switches that participate in many essential cellular processes. Amongst them, human Rac1 was first described for its role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration, with a close relation to carcinogenesis. More recently, the role of Rac1 in regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both as a subunit of NADPH oxidase complexes and through its association with mitochondrial functions, has drawn attention. Malfunctions in this context affect cellular plasticity and apoptosis, related to neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Some of these features of Rac1 are conserved in its yeast homologue Rho5. Here, we review the structural and functional similarities and differences between these two evolutionary distant proteins and propose yeast as a useful model and a device for high-throughput screens for specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnet Bischof
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Franziska Schweitzer
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- AG Genetik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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3
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Fraga CG, Cremonini E, Galleano M, Oteiza PI. Natural Products and Diabetes: (-)-Epicatechin and Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38421444 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that occurs when cells do not respond normally to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance, which leads to high blood glucose levels. Although it can be treated pharmacologically, dietary habits beyond carbohydrate restriction can be highly relevant in the management of T2D. Emerging evidence supports the possibility that natural products (NPs) could contribute to managing blood glucose or counteract the undesirable effects of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This chapter summarizes the relevant preclinical evidence involving the flavonoid (-)-epicatechin (EC) in the optimization of glucose homeostasis, reducing insulin resistance and/or diabetes-associated disorders. Major effects of EC are observed on (i) intestinal functions, including digestive enzymes, glucose transporters, microbiota, and intestinal permeability, and (ii) redox homeostasis, including oxidative stress and inflammation. There is still a need for further clinical studies to confirm the in vitro and rodent data, allowing recommendations for EC, particularly in prediabetic and T2D patients. The collection of similar data and the lack of clinical evidence for EC is also applicable to other NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Fraga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | - Monica Galleano
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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5
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Pham TD, Verlander JW, Chen C, Pech V, Kim HI, Kim YH, Weiner ID, Milne GL, Zent R, Bock F, Brown D, Eaton A, Wall SM. Angiotensin II acts through Rac1 to upregulate pendrin: role of NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F202-F218. [PMID: 38059296 PMCID: PMC11198991 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00139.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II increases apical plasma membrane pendrin abundance and function. This study explored the role of the small GTPase Rac1 in the regulation of pendrin by angiotensin II. To do this, we generated intercalated cell (IC) Rac1 knockout mice and observed that IC Rac1 gene ablation reduced the relative abundance of pendrin in the apical region of intercalated cells in angiotensin II-treated mice but not vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, the Rac1 inhibitor EHT 1864 reduced apical pendrin abundance in angiotensin II-treated mice, through a mechanism that does not require aldosterone. This IC angiotensin II-Rac1 signaling cascade modulates pendrin subcellular distribution without significantly changing actin organization. However, NADPH oxidase inhibition with APX 115 reduced apical pendrin abundance in vivo in angiotensin II-treated mice. Moreover, superoxide dismutase mimetics reduced Cl- absorption in angiotensin II-treated cortical collecting ducts perfused in vitro. Since Rac1 is an NADPH subunit, Rac1 may modulate pendrin through NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Because pendrin gene ablation blunts the pressor response to angiotensin II, we asked if pendrin blunts the angiotensin II-induced increase in kidney superoxide. Although kidney superoxide was similar in vehicle-treated wild-type and pendrin knockout mice, it was lower in angiotensin II-treated pendrin-null kidneys than in wild-type kidneys. We conclude that angiotensin II acts through Rac1, independently of aldosterone, to increase apical pendrin abundance. Rac1 may stimulate pendrin, at least partly, through NADPH oxidase. This increase in pendrin abundance contributes to the increment in blood pressure and kidney superoxide content seen in angiotensin II-treated mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study defines a new signaling mechanism by which angiotensin II modulates oxidative stress and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truyen D Pham
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Vladimir Pech
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hailey I Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amity Eaton
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Susan M Wall
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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6
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Qiu Y, Jiang P, Huang Y. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: mechanisms, monitoring, and prevention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1242596. [PMID: 38173817 PMCID: PMC10762801 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1242596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are the most fundamental and important treatment of several cancers especially for lymphoma and breast cancer. However, their use is limited by a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity which may emerge early at the initiation of anthracycline administration or several years after termination of the therapy. A full comprehending of the mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, which has not been achieved and is currently under the efforts, is critical to the advance of developing effective methods to protect against the cardiotoxicity, as well as to early detect and treat it. Therefore, we review the recent progress of the mechanism underlying anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as approaches to monitor and prevent this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Piao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingmei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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7
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Zhao Z, Dong R, You Q, Jiang Z. Medicinal Chemistry Insights into the Development of Small-Molecule Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) exerts a central role in regulating the cellular defense system against oxidative and electrophilic insults. Nonelectrophilic inhibition of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and Nrf2 has become a promising approach to activate Nrf2. Recently, multiple drug discovery strategies have facilitated the development of small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors with potent activity and favorable drug-like properties. In this Perspective, we summarize the latest progress of small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors from medicinal chemistry insights and discuss future prospects and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruitian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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8
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zou Z, Yuan A, Xiao Z, Geng N, Qiao Z, Li W, Ying X, Lu X, Pu J. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis by regulating OPA3-NFS1 axis in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110655. [PMID: 36924813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a major cause of cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DOX). Previous studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibits ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes and myoblasts, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of H2S in protecting against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro, and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved. We found that DOX downregulated the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and NFS1, and upregulated the expression of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) expression level, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, DOX inhibited MFN2 expression and increased DRP1 and FIS1 expression, leading to abnormal mitochondrial structure and function. In contrast, exogenous H2S inhibited DOX-induced ferroptosis by restoring GPX4 and NFS1 expression, and reducing lipid peroxidation in H9C2 cells. This effect was similar to that of the ferroptosis antagonist ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in protecting against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. We further demonstrated that the protective effect of H2S was mediated by the key mitochondrial membrane protein optic atrophy 3 (OPA3), which was downregulated by DOX and restored by exogenous H2S. Overexpression of OPA3 alleviated DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, NFS1 has an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis, and NFS1 deficiency increases the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to ferroptosis. OPA3 is involved in the regulation of ferroptosis by interacting with NFS1. Post-translationally, DOX promoted OPA3 ubiquitination, while exogenous H2S antagonized OPA3 ubiquitination by promoting OPA3 s-sulfhydration. In summary, our findings suggested that H2S protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis via targeting the OPA3-NFS1 axis. This provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ancai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zemeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhiQing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China..
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China..
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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9
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Muehlebach ME, Holstein SA. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: Role in human health, disease and potential therapeutic target. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1167. [PMID: 36650113 PMCID: PMC9845123 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), an enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, is responsible for the production of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). GGPP serves as a substrate for the post-translational modification (geranylgeranylation) of proteins, including those belonging to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins play key roles in signalling pathways, cytoskeletal regulation and intracellular transport, and in the absence of the prenylation modification, cannot properly localise and function. Aberrant expression of GGDPS has been implicated in various human pathologies, including liver disease, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary disease and malignancy. Thus, this enzyme is of particular interest from a therapeutic perspective. Here, we review the physiological function of GGDPS as well as its role in pathophysiological processes. We discuss the current GGDPS inhibitors under development and the therapeutic implications of targeting this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Muehlebach
- Cancer Research Doctoral ProgramUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Sarah A. Holstein
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Mohan J, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Spirulina platensis Ameliorates Oxidative Stress Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs in HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223143. [PMID: 36432871 PMCID: PMC9694780 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lately, Spirulina platensis (SP), as an antioxidant, has exhibited high potency in the treatment of oxidative stress, diabetes, immune disorder, inflammatory stress, and bacterial and viral-related diseases. This study investigated the possible protective role of Spirulina platensis against ARV-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Human liver (HepG2) cells were treated with ARVs ((Lamivudine (3TC): 1.51 µg/mL, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF): 0.3 µg/mL and Emtricitabine (FTC): 1.8 µg/mL)) for 96 h and thereafter treated with 1.5 µg/mL Spirulina platensis for 24 h. After the treatments, the gene and protein expressions of the antioxidant response pathway were determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blots. The results show that Spirulina platensis decreased the gene expressions of Akt (p < 0.0001) and eNOS (↓p < 0.0001) while, on the contrary, it increased the transcript levels of NRF-2 (↑p = 0.0021), Keap1 (↑p = 0.0002), CAT (↑p < 0.0001), and NQO-1 (↑p = 0.1432) in the HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the results show that Spirulina platensis also decreased the protein expressions of NRF-2 (↓p = 0.1226) and pNRF-2 (↓p = 0.0203). Interestingly, HAART-SP induced an NRF-2 pathway response through upregulating NRF-2 (except for FTC-SP) (↑p < 0.0001), CAT (↑p < 0.0001), and NQO-1 (except for FTC-SP) (↑p < 0.0001) mRNA expression. In addition, NRF-2 (↑p = 0.0085) and pNRF-2 (↑p < 0.0001) protein expression was upregulated in the HepG2 cells post-exposure to HAART-SP. The results, therefore, allude to the fact that Spirulina platensis has the potential to mitigate HAART-adverse drug reactions (HAART toxicity) through the activation of antioxidant response in HepG2 cells. We hereby recommend further studies on Spirulina platensis and HAART synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabani Sibiya
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Medical Programme, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
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11
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Manzoor MF, Arif Z, Kabir A, Mehmood I, Munir D, Razzaq A, Ali A, Goksen G, Coşier V, Ahmad N, Ali M, Rusu A. Oxidative stress and metabolic diseases: Relevance and therapeutic strategies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994309. [PMID: 36324618 PMCID: PMC9621294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a prominent cause of death worldwide, posing a threat to the global economy and public health. A mechanism that causes the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Various processes are involved in oxidative stress (OS) of lipoprotein. Although the concept of the syndrome has been fiercely debated, this confluence of risk factors is associated with a higher chance of acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance has been found to play a significant role in the progression of these metabolism-associated conditions. It causes lipid profile abnormalities, including greater sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, contributing to the increased prevalence of T2DM and atherosclerosis. This review aims to cover the most recent scientific developments in dietary OS, the consequence of metabolic disorders, and their most significant clinical manifestations (T2DM and atherosclerosis). It will also emphasize the effects of dietary approaches in alleviating OS in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaira Arif
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Kabir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Mehmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Danial Munir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Razzaq
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Viorica Coşier
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Animal Science and Biotechnology Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Nazir Ahmad
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Murtaza Ali
| | - Alexandru Rusu
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Animal Science and Biotechnology Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Rusu
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12
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Lu W, Zhu H, Wu J, Liao S, Cheng G, Li X. Rhein attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by modulating AMPK–FGF23 signaling. J Transl Med 2022; 20:305. [PMID: 35794561 PMCID: PMC9258170 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that myocardial oxidative injury plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and heart failure (HF). The active component of rhubarb, rhein exerts significant actions on oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, its role in cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Methods CH was induced by angiotensin II (Ang II, 1.4 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks) in male C57BL/6 J mice. Then, rhein (50 and 100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. CH, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and cardiac function in the mice were examined. In vitro, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) pre-treated with rhein (5 and 25 μM) were challenged with Ang II. We performed RNA sequencing to determine the mechanistic role of rhein in the heart. Results Rhein significantly suppressed Ang II-induced CH, fibrosis, and reactive oxygen species production and improved cardiac systolic dysfunction in vivo. In vitro, rhein significantly attenuated Ang II-induced CM hypertrophy and CF collagen expression. In addition, rhein obviously alleviated the increased production of superoxide induced by Ang II. Mechanistically, rhein inhibited FGF23 expression significantly. Furthermore, FGF23 overexpression abolished the protective effects of rhein on CMs, CFs, and cardiac remodeling. Rhein reduced FGF23 expression, mostly through the activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). AMPK activity inhibition suppressed Ang II-induced CM hypertrophy and CF phenotypic transformation. Conclusion Rhein inhibited Ang II-induced CH, fibrosis, and oxidative stress during cardiac remodeling through the AMPK–FGF23 axis. These findings suggested that rhein could serve as a potential therapy in cardiac remodeling and HF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03482-9.
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13
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Role of puerarin in pathological cardiac remodeling: A review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Peng S, Xiao F, Chen M, Gao H. Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103836. [PMID: 34796689 PMCID: PMC8728817 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential immune-related adverse events remain major clinical challenges. With the advantages of controlled delivery and modular flexibility, cancer nanomedicine has offered opportunities to strengthen antitumor immune responses and to sensitize tumor to immunotherapy. Furthermore, tumor-microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanomedicine has been demonstrated to achieve specific and localized amplification of the immune response in tumor tissue in a safe and effective manner, increasing patient response rates to immunotherapy and reducing the immune-related side effects simultaneously. Here, the recent progress of TME-responsive nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy is summarized, which responds to the signals in the TME, such as weak acidity, reductive environment, high-level reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, overexpressed enzymes, and high-level adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, the potential to combine nanomedicine-based therapy and immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome each step of the cancer-immunity cycle and to enhance antitumor effects is discussed. Finally, existing challenges and further perspectives in this rising field with the hope for improved development of clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Peng
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Precision Medical CenterZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University)ZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Fengfeng Xiao
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai Precision Medical CenterZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University)ZhuhaiGuangdong519000China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau999078China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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15
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RGS3L allows for an M 2 muscarinic receptor-mediated RhoA-dependent inotropy in cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:8. [PMID: 35230541 PMCID: PMC8888479 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role and outcome of the muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor (M2R) signaling in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes is still a matter of debate. Here, we report that the long isoform of the regulator of G protein signaling 3 (RGS3L) functions as a switch in the muscarinic signaling, most likely of the M2R, in primary cardiomyocytes. High levels of RGS3L, as found in heart failure, redirect the Gi-mediated Rac1 activation into a Gi-mediated RhoA/ROCK activation. Functionally, this switch resulted in a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (- 50%) in cardiomyocytes and an inotropic response (+ 18%) in transduced engineered heart tissues. Importantly, we could show that an adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of RGS3L in rats in vivo, increased the contractility of ventricular strips by maximally about twofold. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this switch is mediated by a complex formation of RGS3L with the GTPase-activating protein p190RhoGAP, which balances the activity of RhoA and Rac1 by altering its substrate preference in cardiomyocytes. Enhancement of this complex formation could open new possibilities in the regulation of the contractility of the diseased heart.
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16
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Ahiawodzi PD, Buzkova P, Djousse L, Ix JH, Kizer JR, Mukamal KJ. Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hospitalizations Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1326-1332. [PMID: 32914181 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine associations between total serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and incident total and cause-specific hospitalizations in a community-living cohort of older adults. METHODS We included 4715 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study who had fasting total serum NEFA measured at the 1992/1993 clinic visit and were followed for a median of 12 years. We identified all inpatient admissions requiring at least an overnight hospitalization and used primary diagnostic codes to categorize cause-specific hospitalizations. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine associations with time-to-first hospitalization and Poisson regression for the rate ratios (RRs) of hospitalizations and days hospitalized. RESULTS We identified 21 339 hospitalizations during follow-up. In fully adjusted models, higher total NEFAs were significantly associated with higher risk of incident hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] per SD [0.2 mEq/L] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.10, p < .001), number of hospitalizations (RR per SD = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07, p = .01), and total number of days hospitalized (RR per SD = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.10, p = .01). Among hospitalization subtypes, higher NEFA was associated with higher likelihood of mental, neurologic, respiratory, and musculoskeletal causes of hospitalization. Among specific causes of hospitalization, higher NEFA was associated with diabetes, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Higher fasting total serum NEFAs are associated with a broad array of causes of hospitalization among older adults. While some of these were expected, our results illustrate a possible utility of NEFAs as biomarkers for risk of hospitalization, and total days hospitalized, in older adults. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions based on NEFAs might be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Ahiawodzi
- Department of Public Health, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Divisions of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Ishiyama S, Kimura M, Umihira N, Matsumoto S, Takahashi A, Nakagawa T, Wakayama T, Kishigami S, Mochizuki K. Mice derived from in vitro αMEM-cultured preimplantation embryos exhibit postprandial hyperglycemia and higher inflammatory gene expression in peripheral leukocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1215-1226. [PMID: 33587104 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether peripheral leukocytes of mice derived from in vitro αMEM-cultured embryos and exhibiting type 2 diabetes had higher expression of inflammatory-related genes associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Also, we examined the impact of a barley diet on inflammatory gene expression. Adult mice were produced by embryo transfer, after culturing two-cell embryos for 48 h in either α minimal essential media (α-MEM) or potassium simplex optimized medium control media. Mice were fed either a barley or rice diet for 10 weeks. Postprandial blood glucose and mRNA levels of several inflammatory genes, including Tnfa and Nox2, in blood leukocytes were significantly higher in MEM mice fed a rice diet compared with control mice. Barley intake reduced expression of S100a8 and Nox2. In summary, MEM mice exhibited postprandial hyperglycemia and peripheral leukocytes with higher expression of genes related to the development of atherosclerosis, and barley intake reduced some gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mayu Kimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nodoka Umihira
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sachi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takao Nakagawa
- Kiwa Laboratory Animals Co., Ltd., Kiminocho, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
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18
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Cosgun M, Coskun R, Celik A. Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Vandetanib-Induced Heart Damage in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.122.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Rawat PS, Jaiswal A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111708. [PMID: 34243633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a secondary metabolite of the mutated strain of Streptomyces peucetius var. Caesius and belongs to the anthracyclines family. The anti-cancer activity of Dox is mainly exerted through the DNA intercalation and inhibiting topoisomerase II enzyme in fast-proliferating tumors. However, Dox causes cumulative and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which results in increased risks of mortality among cancer patients and thus limiting its wide clinical applications. There are several mechanisms has been proposed for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress, free radical generation and apoptosis are most widely reported. Apart from this, other mechanisms are also involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity such as impaired mitochondrial function, a perturbation in iron regulatory protein, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, autophagy, the release of nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators and altered gene and protein expression that involved apoptosis. Dox also causes downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) enzyme activity which leads to a reduction in the DNA methylation process. This hypomethylation causes dysregulation in the mitochondrial genes like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) unit in the heart. Apart from DNA methylation, Dox treatment also alters the micro RNAs levels and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Therefore, in the current review, we have provided a detailed update on the current understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind the well-known Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Further, we have provided some of the most plausible pharmacological strategies which have been tested against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar Singh Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Aiswarya Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of human genetics and molecular medicine, School of health sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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20
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Novel computational analysis of large transcriptome datasets identifies sets of genes distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from healthy lung samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10258. [PMID: 33986404 PMCID: PMC8119951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) kills over three million people worldwide every year. Despite its high global impact, the knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms is still limited. In this study, we aimed to extend the available knowledge by identifying a small set of COPD-associated genes. We analysed different publicly available gene expression datasets containing whole lung tissue (WLT) and airway epithelium (AE) samples from over 400 human subjects for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We reduced the resulting sets of 436 and 663 DEGs using a novel computational approach that utilises a random depth-first search to identify genes which improve the distinction between COPD patients and controls along the first principle component of the data. Our method identified small sets of 10 and 15 genes in the WLT and AE, respectively. These sets of genes significantly (p < 10–20) distinguish COPD patients from controls with high fidelity. The final sets revealed novel genes like cysteine rich protein 1 (CRIP1) or secretoglobin family 3A member 2 (SCGB3A2) that may underlie fundamental molecular mechanisms of COPD in these tissues.
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21
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Metchi Donfack MF, Atsamo AD, Temdié Guemmogne RJ, Ngouateu Kenfack OB, Dongmo AB, Dimo T. Antihypertensive Effects of the Vitex cienkowskii (Verbenaceae) Stem-Bark Extract on L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6668919. [PMID: 33747111 PMCID: PMC7954626 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitex cienkowskii stem-bark is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. In previous studies, the methanol/methylene chloride stem-bark extract of Vitex cienkowskii (MMVC) showed a preventive activity in L-NAME-induced hypertension and improved blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. The present study investigated the curative effects in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (LNHR). Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. The animals were divided into 2 groups: one group of 5 rats receiving distilled water (10 ml/kg) and another 20 rats receiving L-NAME. At the end of 4 weeks of administration of L-NAME, the animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each: one group of hypertensive rats receiving distilled water, another one receiving captopril (25 mg/kg), and two groups of hypertensive rats receiving MMVC at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Body weight, food, and water intake were measured weekly. At the end of the treatment, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded by invasive method. Whole heart, left ventricle, kidneys, and liver were weighed. The effects of plant extract on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers, as well as markers of hepatic and renal functions were assessed spectrophotometrically according to well described protocols. Results show that L-NAME significantly increases the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), atherogenic index, lipid profile, and creatinine and transaminase activities of normotensive rats. MMVC significantly reduced the blood pressure in LNHR. Body weight, food and water intake, left ventricular hypertrophy, antioxidant level, renal and hepatic markers, and lipid profile were improved by the treatment with MMVC. The curative effect of MMVC on L-NAME-induced hypertension is probably related to its antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant properties. These results confirmed the use of Vitex cienkowskii for the treatment of hypertension in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Flaure Metchi Donfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roméo Joël Temdié Guemmogne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Omer Bébé Ngouateu Kenfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alain Bertrand Dongmo
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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22
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Rezazadeh L, Alipour B, Jafarabadi MA, Behrooz M, Gargari BP. Daily consumption effects of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:136-142. [PMID: 33487257 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Available evidence substantiates a strong association between metabolic syndrome and elevated oxidative stress. This study was aimed to assess the effects of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the association between uric acid levels and insulin resistance indexes was assessed. METHODS An 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was designed. Forty-four patients, 22 males and 22 females aged 20-65 years, were assigned into two groups. Treatment (n = 22) and control (n = 22) groups consumed 300 g/d of probiotic and regular yogurt, respectively. The serum concentration of uric acid, oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured at the beginning and the end of the trial. This study was recorded at http://www.irct.ir (code: IRCT201608213140N17). RESULTS Probiotic yogurt consumption resulted in a significant decrease in the level of serum uric acid and a significant increase in the level of TAC (p < 0.05). A positive significant association between uric acid with insulin concentration and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and an inverse significant relationship with insulin sensitivity (Quicki) were also found (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Probiotic yogurt consumption through improvement in insulin sensitivity may exert positive effects on the oxidative stress and uric acid levels. However, further studies are needed to make concise conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rezazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Beitullah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Behrooz
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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Garay-Sevilla ME, Beeri MS, de la Maza MP, Rojas A, Salazar-Villanea S, Uribarri J. The potential role of dietary advanced glycation endproducts in the development of chronic non-infectious diseases: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:298-311. [PMID: 32238213 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing clinical and experimental evidence accumulated during the past few decades supports an important role for dietary advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in the pathogenesis of many chronic non-infectious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and others, that are reaching epidemic proportions in the Western world. Although AGE are compounds widely recognised as generated in excess in the body in diabetic patients, the potential importance of exogenous AGE, mostly of dietary origin, has been largely ignored in the general nutrition audience. In the present review we aim to describe dietary AGE, their mechanisms of formation and absorption into the body as well as their main mechanisms of action. We will present in detail current evidence of their potential role in the development of several chronic non-infectious clinical conditions, some general suggestions on how to restrict them in the diet and evidence regarding the potential benefits of lowering their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Garay-Sevilla
- Medical Science Department, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M S Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - M P de la Maza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - S Salazar-Villanea
- Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J Uribarri
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Ousmaal MEF, Gaceb A, Khene MA, Ainouz L, Giaimis J, Andriantsitohaina R, Martínez MC, Baz A. Circulating microparticles released during dyslipidemia may exert deleterious effects on blood vessels and endothelial function. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107683. [PMID: 32713709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the bioactivity of circulating microparticles (MPs) isolated from dyslipidemic Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) fed a high-energy diet (HED) with those released from healthy P. obesus fed a normal diet (ND). METHODS Vascular reactivity of aortic rings was evaluated by myography, after 24 h incubation in the absence or in the presence of circulating MPs isolated, by differential centrifugations, from the plasma of animals subjected to HED (MPsHED) or ND (MPsND) for 12 weeks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated for 24 h with MPsHED or MPsND animals and subjected to immunofluorescence staining of caveolin-1 (cav-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), F-actin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. RESULTS The HED exerted a distinctly pronounced hyperlipidemic effect marked by plasmatic increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Both MPsND and MPsHED induced a significant reduction of maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, MPsHED significantly decreased eNOS expression up to ~25% and increased ROS production up to ~75% on in vitro treated HUVECs. Moreover, in HUVECs, MPsHED significantly decreased cav-1 expression up to ~50% whereas significant increase of ICAM-1 expression by about 2-fold approximately was observed. CONCLUSION Our experimental study demonstrated the dual role of MPs on vascular function by modulating endothelial cell function. Furthermore, MPs may be considered as vectors of a bioactive information contributing to inflammation and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E F Ousmaal
- Laboratory of valorisation and bio-engineering of natural resources, Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- Translational Neurology group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M'hammed A Khene
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lynda Ainouz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Giaimis
- UMR Qualisud- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | | | - M Carmen Martínez
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS IBS, Rue des Capucins, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Ahsene Baz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
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Guo X, Yan F, Li J, Zhang C, Su H, Bu P. SIRT3 Ablation Deteriorates Obesity-Related Cardiac Remodeling by Modulating ROS-NF-κB-MCP-1 Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 76:296-304. [PMID: 32898015 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and the associated complications are a major public health issue as obesity incidence increases yearly, worldwide. Effects of obesity on heart failure have been reported previously. Obesity-related cardiac remodeling includes structural and functional dysfunctions, in which cardiac inflammation and fibrosis play a key role. The main mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3 participates in numerous cellular processes; however, its role in obesity-related cardiac remodeling remains unclear. In our study, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding induced downregulation of SIRT3 protein level in mice. SIRT3-KO mice fed on HFD exhibited higher cardiac dysfunction and cardiac remodeling compared with the wild-type controls. Further study revealed increases in collagen accumulation and inflammatory cytokine expression including MCP-1, IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α in mice fed on HFD compared with chow diet, with higher levels observed in SIRT3-KO mice. Furthermore, significantly high levels of cardiac MCP-1 expression and macrophage infiltration, and ROS generation and activated NF-κB were observed in HFD-fed SIRT3-KO mice. We presumed that SIRT3 ablation-mediated MCP-1 upregulation is attributed to ROS-NF-κB activation. Thus, we concluded that SIRT3 prevents obesity-related cardiac remodeling by attenuating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, through modulation of ROS-NF-κB-MCP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangying Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Banerjee A, Das D, Paul R, Roy S, Bhattacharjee A, Prasad SK, Banerjee O, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0141/jbcpp-2019-0141.xml. [PMID: 32229664 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background In the present era, obesity is increasing rapidly, and high dietary intake of lipid could be a noteworthy risk factor for the occasion of obesity, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For a long time, high-lipid diet (HLD) in "fast food" is turning into part of our everyday life. So, we were interested in fulfilling the paucity of studies by means of preliminary evaluation of these three alternative doses of HLD on a rat model and elucidating the possible mechanism of these effects and divulging the most alarming dose. Methods Thirty-two rats were taken, and of these, 24 were fed with HLD in three distinctive compositions of edible coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 (n = 8), orally through gavage at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for a period of 28 days, whereas the other eight were selected to comprise the control group. Results After completion of the experiment, followed by analysis of data it was revealed that hyperlipidemia with increased liver and cardiac marker enzymes, are associated with hepatocellular injury and cardiac damage. The data also supported increased proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). As oxidative stress parameter increased in both liver and heart, there is also an increased in TNF-α due to an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to a high production of NO. Moreover, HLD treatment explicitly weakens reasonability of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes conceivably through G0/G1 or S stage capture or perhaps by means of enlistment of sub-G0/G1 DNA fragmentation and a sign of apoptosis. Conclusions Based on the outcomes, it tends to be inferred that consequences of the present examination uncovered HLD in combination of 2:3 applies most encouraging systemic damage by reactive oxygen species generation and hyperlipidemia and necroapoptosis of the liver and heart. Hence, outcome of this study may help to formulate health care strategy and warns about the food habit in universal population regarding the use of hydrogenated and saturated fats (vanaspati ghee) in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajarshi Paul
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Shilpi Kumari Prasad
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG and PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India, Phone: +91-9433509890
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Chen Y, Ge Z, Huang S, Zhou L, Zhai C, Chen Y, Hu Q, Cao W, Weng Y, Li Y. Delphinidin attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the AMPK/NOX/MAPK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5362-5383. [PMID: 32209725 PMCID: PMC7138591 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Delphinidin, a natural flavonoid, was reported to exert marked antioxidative effects. Therefore, we investigated whether delphinidin ameliorates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting oxidative stress. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with DMSO or delphinidin after surgery. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and delphinidin in vitro. Eighteen-month-old mice were administered delphinidin to investigate the effect of delphinidin on aging-related cardiac hypertrophy. Through analyses of hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth, fibrosis and cardiac function, delphinidin was demonstrated to confer resistance to aging- and transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and attenuate Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro by significantly suppressing hypertrophic growth and the deposition of fibrosis. Mechanistically, delphinidin reduced ROS accumulation upon Ang II stimulation through the direct activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent inhibition of the activity of Rac1 and expression of p47phox. In addition, excessive levels of ERK1/2, P38 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation induced by oxidative stress were abrogated by delphinidin. Delphinidin was conclusively shown to repress pathological cardiac hypertrophy by modulating oxidative stress through the AMPK/NADPH oxidase (NOX)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhuowang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shixing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuteng Weng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hemati M, Gholoobi A, Eshraghi A, Sadeghi Allah Abadi J, Ghaderi F. The Relationship between Left Ventricular Function Indices in Tissue Doppler Imaging and Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response During the Exercise Stress Test. Galen Med J 2020; 9:e1323. [PMID: 34466545 PMCID: PMC8343616 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v0i0.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have indicated that exaggerated hypertension during activity and stress can be a good predictor of the incidence of hypertension. This study tries to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function by tissue Doppler to assess early changes in ventricular compliance before the onset of Hypertension (HTN) in patients with exaggerated blood pressure response during the exercise test. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 patients without a history of hypertension with systolic blood pressure less than 140/90 which referred for exercise test, were included. The exercise test was performed for all patients. Patients who had exaggerated blood pressure during the stress test were considered as cases and the controls with normal blood pressure responses. Then standard echocardiography and Tissue Doppler imaging performed and indices of LV systolic and diastolic were recorded. Results: The LV mass in cases and controls were 174.9±50.78 and 152.9±33.59, respectively (P=0.114), and LV mass index in cases and controls were 127.4±13.5 and 79.8±15.75, respectively (P=0.023). Moreover, the LV Myocardial Performance Index were 0.68±0.11 and 0.48±0.06 in cases and controls, respectively (P<0.001). The heart rate, E/A, EE, E Velocity and S velocity were measuremented. Except E/A (P=0.009), there was no significant difference between the other variables measured between the cases and controls (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using 2D conventional echocardiography as a noninvasive method if performed in prestigious centers can evaluate systolic and diastolic function Tissue Doppler parameters very well in the early stages of heart disease caused by HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Hemati
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Gholoobi
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Eshraghi
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Ghaderi
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence to: Fereshteh Ghaderi, Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Fellowship of Echocardiography, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Telephone Number: +985131802052 Email Address:
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Jackson EK, Mi Z, Kleyman TR, Cheng D. 8-Aminoguanine Induces Diuresis, Natriuresis, and Glucosuria by Inhibiting Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase and Reduces Potassium Excretion by Inhibiting Rac1. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010085. [PMID: 30608204 PMCID: PMC6404173 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background 8-Aminoguanosine and 8-aminoguanine are K+-sparing natriuretics that increase glucose excretion. Most effects of 8-aminoguanosine are due to its metabolism to 8-aminoguanine. However, the mechanism by which 8-aminoguanine affects renal function is unknown and is the focus of this investigation. Methods and Results Because 8-aminoguanine has structural similarities with inhibitors of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), Na+/H+ exchangers, and adenosine A1 receptors, we examined the effects of 8-aminoguanine on EN aC activity in mouse collecting duct cells, on intracellular pH of human proximal tubular epithelial cells, on responses to a selective A1-receptor agonist in vivo, and on renal excretory function in A1-receptor knockout rats. These experiments showed that 8-aminoguanine did not block EN aC, Na+/H+ exchangers, or A1 receptors. Because Rac1 enhances activity of mineralocorticoid receptors and some guanosine analogues inhibit Rac1, we examined the effects of 8-aminoguanine on Rac1 activity in mouse collecting duct cells. Rac1 activity was significantly inhibited by 8-aminoguanine. Because in vitro 8-aminoguanine is a purine nucleoside phosphorylase ( PNP ase) inhibitor, we examined the effects of a natriuretic dose of 8-aminoguanine on urinary excretion of PNP ase substrates and products. 8-Aminoguanine increased and decreased, respectively, urinary excretion of PNP ase substrates and products. Next we compared in rats the renal effects of intravenous doses of 9-deazaguanine ( PNP ase inhibitor) versus 8-aminoguanine. 8-Aminoguanine and 9-deazaguanine induced similar increases in urinary Na+ and glucose excretion, yet only 8-aminoguanine reduced K+ excretion. Nsc23766 (Rac1 inhibitor) mimicked the effects of 8-aminoguanine on K+ excretion. Conclusions 8-Aminoguanine increases Na+ and glucose excretion by blocking PNP ase and decreases K+ excretion by inhibiting Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Zaichuan Mi
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- 1 Renal-Electrolyte Division Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA
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Villamor E, Moreno L, Mohammed R, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Cogolludo A. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of oxygen signaling during fetal-to-neonatal circulatory transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:82-96. [PMID: 30995535 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently seen as pathological agents of oxidative stress. However, ROS are not always deleterious and can also act as cell signaling molecules. Vascular oxygen sensing and signaling during fetal-to-neonatal circulatory transition is a remarkable example of the physiological regulatory actions of ROS. The fetal relative hypoxic environment induces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and ductus arteriosus (DA) relaxation favoring the presence of high pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left ductal shunt. At birth, the increase in oxygen tension causes relaxation of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and normoxic DA vasoconstriction (NDAV), thus diverting blood flow to the lungs. Although the response to changes in oxygen tension is diametrically opposite, the mechanisms responsible for HPV and NDAV appear to be the result of a similar interaction between triggering and modulating factors that lead to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitization of the contractile apparatus. Growing evidence points to an increase in ROS (mitochondria- and/or NADPH-derived superoxide and/or H2O2), leading to inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels, membrane depolarization, and activation of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels as critical events in the signaling pathway of both HPV and NDAV. Several groups of investigators have completed this pathway adding other elements such as neutral sphingomyelinase-derived ceramide, the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (through ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors), Rho kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization, or transient receptor potential channels. The present review focus on the role of ROS as mediators of the homeostatic oxygen sensing system during fetal and neonatal life not only in the PAs and DA but also in systemic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Riazzudin Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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Hirunpattarasilp C, Attwell D, Freitas F. The role of pericytes in brain disorders: from the periphery to the brain. J Neurochem 2019; 150:648-665. [PMID: 31106417 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that disorders of the brain microvasculature contribute to many neurological disorders. In recent years it has become clear that a major player in these events is the capillary pericyte which, in the brain, is now known to control the blood-brain barrier, regulate blood flow, influence immune cell entry and be crucial for angiogenesis. In this review we consider the under-explored possibility that peripheral diseases which affect the microvasculature, such as hypertension, kidney disease and diabetes, produce central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction by mechanisms affecting capillary pericytes within the CNS. We highlight how cellular messengers produced peripherally can act via signalling pathways within CNS pericytes to reshape blood vessels, restrict blood flow or compromise blood-brain barrier function, thus causing neuronal dysfunction. Increased understanding of how renin-angiotensin, Rho-kinase and PDGFRβ signalling affect CNS pericytes may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to reducing the CNS effects of peripheral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Antioxidant Activity of Ocotea minarum (Nees & Mart.) Mez. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5736919. [PMID: 31182994 PMCID: PMC6512025 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5736919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocotea minarum is a native plant from Brazil, popularly known as “canelinha” or “canela vassoura.” The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the extracts of the bark and the leaves of O. minarum and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tanins, were quantified with the reagents Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, and vanillin. The chemical profile was performed by HPLC-DAD. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by the microdilution in a broth method. The antioxidant activity was measured by the capture of free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). In addition, protection against oxidative hemolysis and generation of malondialdehyde were evaluated in human erythrocytes. The composition of the extracts included the caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid, besides the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin. The EEL showed bacteriostatic action of 1000 μg/mL for all evaluated Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, and the EHEB had a moderate antifungal action against Candida krusei and Cryptococcus gattii (250 μg/mL). IC50 values of 8.19 (EEL) and 4.51 μg/mL (EEB) in the assay with DPPH and 6.25 (EEL) and 2.87 μg/mL (EEB) in the assay with ABTS were obtained. Up to the 3rd hour of oxidative hemolysis testing induced by AAPH, the EEB and EEL had a protective action, reducing the malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the data indicate that the O. minarum extracts can be evaluated as bioactive supplies for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and microbial infections.
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Stiff Substrates Enhance Endothelial Oxidative Stress in Response to Protein Kinase C Activation. Appl Bionics Biomech 2019; 2019:6578492. [PMID: 31110559 PMCID: PMC6487160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6578492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, which increases with aging and hypertension, is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. While stiffer substrates are known to affect single endothelial cell morphology and migration, the effect of substrate stiffness on endothelial monolayer function is less understood. The objective of this study was to determine if substrate stiffness increased endothelial monolayer reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to protein kinase C (PKC) activation and if this oxidative stress then impacted adherens junction integrity. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured on varied stiffness polyacrylamide gels and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which stimulates PKC and ROS without increasing actinomyosin contractility. PMA-treated endothelial cells on stiffer substrates increased ROS and adherens junction loss without increased contractility. ROS scavengers abrogated PMA effects on cell-cell junctions, with a more profound effect in cells on stiffer substrates. Finally, endothelial cells in aortae from elastin haploinsufficient mice (Eln+/-), which were stiffer than aortae from wild-type mice, showed decreased VE-cadherin colocalization with peripheral actin following PMA treatment. These data suggest that oxidative stress may be enhanced in endothelial cells in stiffer vessels, which could contribute to the association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease.
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Cremonini E, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin in the control of glucose homeostasis: Involvement of redox-regulated mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:478-488. [PMID: 30447350 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports a beneficial action of the flavan-3-ol (-)-epicatechin (EC) on insulin sensitivity and potential impact on the development/progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In humans, supplementation with EC-rich foods, extracts, and pure EC improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in normal weight, overweight, obese and T2D individuals. These effects of EC are also observed in rodent models of diet-induced obesity and T2D. The events involved in the development of insulin resistance and T2D are multiple and interrelated. EC has been shown to inhibit inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and to regulate events in the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas that impact glucose homeostasis. A downregulation of oxidant production, particularly through direct inhibition or suppression of NADPH oxidase expression, and of redox sensitive signals (NF-κB, JNK1/2) that inhibit the insulin pathway, appear to be central to the beneficial actions of EC on insulin sensitivity. Overall, EC seems to have a positive role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, however definitive answers on its importance for the management of T2D will depend on further clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Song J, Huang Y, Zheng W, Yan J, Cheng M, Zhao R, Chen L, Hu C, Jia W. Resveratrol reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by inducing autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Front Med 2018; 12:697-706. [PMID: 30421395 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by free fatty acid aggravates endothelial injury, which leads to diabetic cardiovascular complications. Reduction of intracellular oxidative stress may attenuate these pathogenic processes. The dietary polyphenol resveratrol reportedly exerts potential protective effects against endothelial injury. This study determined whether resveratrol can reduce the palmitic acid (PA)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that resveratrol significantly reduced the PA-induced endothelial ROS levels in human aortic endothelial cells. Resveratrol also induced endothelial cell autophagy, which mediated the effect of resveratrol on ROS reduction. Resveratrol stimulated autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mTOR pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that resveratrol prevents PA-induced intracellular ROS by autophagy regulation via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Thus, the induction of autophagy by resveratrol may provide a novel therapeutic candidate for cardioprotection in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yeping Huang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenjian Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Haici Medical Treatment Group, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Huangdao Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Ruxing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Bautista-Expósito S, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Dueñas M, Silván JM, Frias J, Peñas E. Combination of pH-controlled fermentation in mild acidic conditions and enzymatic hydrolysis by Savinase to improve metabolic health-promoting properties of lentil. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Wu M, Yang Y, Wang M, Zeng F, Li Q, Liu W, Guo S, He M, Wang Y, Huang J, Zhou L, Li Y, Hu J, Gong W, Zhang Z. Exogenous Pancreatic Kallikrein Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:855. [PMID: 30131697 PMCID: PMC6091235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the protective effects of exogenous pancreatic kallikrein (PKK) treatment on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, a type 1 diabetic model, were treated with either PKK or saline for 12 weeks. Non-diabetic rats were used as controls. PKK administration attenuated the mitochondria swelling, Z line misalignments, myofibrosis and interstitial collagen accumulation in diabetic myocardial tissue. The oxidative stress imbalance including increased nitrotyrosine, decreased anti-oxidative components such as nuclear receptor nuclear factor like 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were recovered in the heart of PKK-treated diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, protein expression of TGF-β1 and accumulation of collagen I in the heart tissues was decreased after PKK administration. Markers for inflammation were decreased in diabetic rats by PKK treatment. Compared to diabetic rats, PKK reversed the degradation of IκB-α, an inhibitive element of heterotrimer nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein and myocardial nitrate/nitrite were impaired in the heart of diabetic rats, which, however, were restored after PKK treatment. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and phospholamban (PLN) were mishandled in diabetic rats, while were rectified in PKK-treated diabetic rats. The plasma NT-proBNP level was increased in diabetic rats while was reduced with PKK treatment. Conclusion: PKK protects against DCM via reducing fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, promoting nitric oxide production, as well as restoring the function of the calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Changzhou Qianhong Biopharma Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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(-)-Epicatechin and its metabolites prevent palmitate-induced NADPH oxidase upregulation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:55-63. [PMID: 29608879 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While diets rich in fruit and vegetables can decrease the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), diets rich in fat and carbohydrates can increase it. The flavanol-3-ol (-)-epicatechin (EC) can improve insulin sensitivity both in humans and animal models of T2D. NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress can contribute to the development of insulin resistance. This study investigated the capacity of EC and EC metabolites (ECM) to downregulate NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress, and its association to an improvement of insulin sensitivity. This was studied in in vivo (high fat-fed mice) and in vitro (HepG2 cells) conditions of hepatic lipid overload. EC decreased NOX3/NOX4 liver expression and mitigated oxidative stress in high fat-fed mice. In HepG2 cells, incubation with palmitate increased: i) lipid deposition, ii) NOX3/NOX4 expression, iii) NADPH oxidase activity, and iv) oxidative stress; promoting v) the activation of redox-sensitive kinases (JNK and IKK), and vi) impaired insulin responses. Physiological concentrations of EC and ECM, and NADPH oxidase inhibitors (apocynin, VAS2870) prevented all those deleterious effects of palmitate. The obtained results points to NADPH oxidases as an important target in the capacity of EC to improve insulin sensitivity in conditions of liver lipid overload, as those associated with Western-style diets.
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Ma T, Zhu D, Chen D, Zhang Q, Dong H, Wu W, Lu H, Wu G. Sulforaphane, a Natural Isothiocyanate Compound, Improves Cardiac Function and Remodeling by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Heart Failure. Med Sci Monit 2018. [PMID: 29527002 PMCID: PMC5859672 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a natural isothiocyanate compound, in a rabbit ascending aortic cerclage model of chronic heart failure (CHF). Material/Methods Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into the sham operation group (n=10), the CHF group (n=10), and the CHF + SFN group (n=10) treated with subcutaneous SFN (0.5 mg/kg) for five days per week for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, echocardiography and biometric analysis were performed, followed by the examination of the rabbit hearts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were used to detect levels of inflammatory cytokines, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results In the CHF group, compared with the sham operation group, there was an increase in the heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), the left ventricular weight to body weight ratio (LVW/BW), the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), the left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF), apoptotic index, expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardial tissue, and a decrease in the left ventricular shortening fraction (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These changes were corrected in the SFN-treated group. Conclusions In a rabbit model of CHF, treatment with SFN improved cardiac function and remodeling by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Decai Zhu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Duoxue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Huifang Dong
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wenwu Wu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Huihe Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Li JT, Wang WQ, Wang L, Liu NN, Zhao YL, Zhu XS, Liu QQ, Gao CF, Yang AG, Jia LT. Subanesthetic isoflurane relieves zymosan-induced neutrophil inflammatory response by targeting NMDA glutamate receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31772-89. [PMID: 27144523 PMCID: PMC5077975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil release of NO/ONOO− induces endothelial cell barrier dysfunction in inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI). Previous studies using zymosan-triggered inflammation and ALI model revealed that zymosan promotes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in neutrophils, and that isoflurane inhibits zymosan-induced oxidative stress and iNOS biosynthesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found here that in zymosan-primed neutrophils, iNOS is transcriptionally activated by NF-κB, whose nuclear translocation is triggered by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently activated p38 MAPK. ROS production is attributed to zymosan-initiated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling, in which the adaptor MyD88 recruits and activates c-Src, and c-Src activates NADPH oxidase to generate ROS. Subanesthetic isoflurane counteracts the aforementioned zymosan-induced signaling by targeting N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor and thereby suppressing calcium influx and c-Src activation. Whereas iNOS accelerates NO/ONOO− production in neutrophils which eventually promote protein leak from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC), isoflurane reduced NO/ONOO− release from zymosan-treated neutrophils, and thus relieves trans- PMVEC protein leak. This study provides novel insights into the roles of neutrophils and the underlying mechanisms in zymosan-induced ALI, and has implications for the therapeutic potential of subanesthetic isoflurane in attenuating inflammatory responses causing lung endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tang Li
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Ning-Ning Liu
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Zhu
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qin-Qin Liu
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chun-Fang Gao
- Centre of Inflammation and Cancer Research, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Tao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Lin CY, Hu CT, Cheng CC, Lee MC, Pan SM, Lin TY, Wu WS. Oxidation of heat shock protein 60 and protein disulfide isomerase activates ERK and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11067-82. [PMID: 26840563 PMCID: PMC4905458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met were frequently deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signaling pathways activated by HGF-c-Met are promising targets for preventing HCC progression. HGF can induce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for cell adhesion, migration and invasion of tumors including HCC. On the other hand, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), member of mitogen activated kinase, can be activated by ROS for a lot of cellular processes. As expected, HGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and progression of HCC cell HepG2 were suppressed by ROS scavengers. By N-(biotinoyl)-N'-(iodoacetyl)-ethylenediamine (BIAM) labeling method, a lot of cysteine (-SH)-containing proteins with M.W. 50-75 kD were decreased in HepG2 treated with HGF or two other ROS generators, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phenazine methosulfate. These redox sensitive proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Among them, two chaperones, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), were found to be the most common redox sensitive proteins in responding to all three agonists. Affinity blot of BIAM-labeled, immunoprecipitated HSP60 and PDI verified that HGF can decrease the cysteine (-SH) containing HSP60 and PDI. On the other hand, HGF and TPA increased cysteinyl glutathione-containing HSP60, consistent with the decrease of cysteine (-SH)-containing HSP60. Moreover, depletion of HSP60 and PDI or expression of dominant negative mutant of HSP60 with alteration of Cys, effectively prevented HGF-induced ERK phosphorylation and HepG2 migration.In conclusion, the redox sensitive HSP60 and PDI are required for HGF-induced ROS signaling and potential targets for preventing HCC progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Mei Pan
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yi Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Pilar B, Güllich A, Oliveira P, Ströher D, Piccoli J, Manfredini V. Protective Role of Flaxseed Oil and Flaxseed Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Against Oxidative Stress in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. J Food Sci 2017; 82:3029-3036. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pilar
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry; Federal Univ. of Pampa; Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Angélica Güllich
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry; Federal Univ. of Pampa; Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Patrícia Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry; Federal Univ. of Pampa; Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Deise Ströher
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry; Federal Univ. of Pampa; Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Piccoli
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Federal Univ. of Pampa; Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry; Federal Univ. of Pampa; Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Lobysheva II, van Eeckhoudt S, Dei Zotti F, Rifahi A, Pothen L, Beauloye C, Balligand JL. Heme-nitrosylated hemoglobin and oxidative stress in women consuming combined contraceptives. Clinical application of the EPR spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:524-532. [PMID: 28392282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An increased risk of venous thromboembolism was identified in young women consuming combined contraceptive pills (CP) suggesting a disturbance of vascular homeostasis but the impact of CP on endothelial function and redox status of the vasculature was not thoroughly analyzed. We measured the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a main mediator of vascular homeostasis in a cohort of young female subjects (n=114) and compared the results in users or not of CPs containing ethinyl estradiol and synthetic progestogens. Vascular NO availability was measured by quantification of the heme-nitrosylated hemoglobin (5-coordinate-α-HbNO) concentrations in venous erythrocytes using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Vascular oxidative status was assessed by measurement of peroxides in plasma, and of the thiol redox state in erythrocytes. In addition, endothelial function was assessed by digital reactive hyperemia pulse tonometry using EndoPAT. We observed that the HbNO level was significantly lower in erythrocytes of subjects consuming CPs versus controls (162±8 and 217±12 nmol/L). This correlated with significantly increased levels of plasma peroxides (1.8±0.1mmol/L versus 0.8±0.1mmol/L in controls) and decreased concentrations of erythrocyte reduced thiols (by 12%). Interestingly, the level of oxidized ceruloplasmin-Cu(II) was also significantly higher in the group consuming CPs. The EndoPAT index showed a trend towards impairment in CP users, and was significantly lower in subjects that consumed CPs containing drospirenone, and had lowest erythrocyte HbNO levels. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional cohort study demonstrates that a decrease of HbNO measured by quantitative EPR in human venous erythrocytes is correlated with the development of endothelial dysfunction under CPs consumption, in parallel with increased vascular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Lobysheva
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine van Eeckhoudt
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia Dei Zotti
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Rifahi
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Pothen
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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No cancer predisposition or increased spontaneous mutation frequencies in NEIL DNA glycosylases-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4384. [PMID: 28663564 PMCID: PMC5491499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for removal of DNA base lesions and maintenance of genomic stability, which is essential in cancer prevention. DNA glycosylases recognize and remove specific lesions in the first step of BER. The existence of a number of these enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities has been thought to be the reason why single knock-out models of individual DNA glycosylases are not cancer prone. In this work we have characterized DNA glycosylases NEIL1 and NEIL2 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−) double and NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−/Neil3−/−) triple knock-out mouse models. Unexpectedly, our results show that these mice are not prone to cancer and have no elevated mutation frequencies under normal physiological conditions. Moreover, telomere length is not affected and there was no accumulation of oxidative DNA damage compared to wild-type mice. These results strengthen the hypothesis that the NEIL enzymes are not simply back-up enzymes for each other but enzymes that have distinct functions beyond canonical repair.
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Kalra J, Dhar A. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase signalling and paradigms of cardiometabolic syndrome. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:265-279. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kalra
- Department of Pharmacy; Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus; Jawahar Nagar Shameerpet, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500078 India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy; Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus; Jawahar Nagar Shameerpet, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh 500078 India
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Pathway-Driven Approaches of Interaction between Oxidative Balance and Genetic Polymorphism on Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6873197. [PMID: 28191276 PMCID: PMC5278231 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6873197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidences of association between basic redox biology and metabolic syndrome (MetS), few studies have evaluated indices that account for multiple oxidative effectors for MetS. Oxidative balance score (OBS) has indicated the role of oxidative stress in chronic disease pathophysiology. In this study, we evaluated OBS as an oxidative balance indicator for estimating risk of MetS with 6414 study participants. OBS is a multiple exogenous factor score for development of disease; therefore, we investigated interplay between oxidative balance and genetic variation for development of MetS focusing on biological pathways by using gene-set-enrichment analysis. As a result, participants in the highest quartile of OBS were less likely to be at risk for MetS than those in the lowest quartile. In addition, persons in the highest quartile of OBS had the lowest level of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and WBC. With GWAS-based pathway analysis, we found that VEGF signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and Rac-1 pathway were significantly enriched biological pathways involved with OBS on MetS. These findings suggested that mechanism of angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation can be involved in interaction between OBS and genetic variation on risk of MetS.
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as an Emerging Drug Target to Regulate Antioxidant Response Element System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8584930. [PMID: 28191280 PMCID: PMC5278225 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8584930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in pathophysiology and pathological conditions of numerous human diseases. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying the redox homeostasis in cells and organs is valuable for discovery of therapeutic drugs for oxidative stress-related diseases. Recently, by applying chemical biology approach with an ARE activator, BTZO-1, we found macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a new regulator of antioxidant response element- (ARE-) mediated gene transcription. BTZO-1 and its active derivatives bound to MIF and protected cells and organs from oxidative insults via ARE activation in animal models with oxidative stress such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel diseases, and septic shock. In this review, we briefly highlight key findings in understanding the MIF-ARE system.
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Sáenz‐Narciso B, Gómez‐Orte E, Zheleva A, Gastaca I, Cabello J. Control of developmental networks by Rac/Rho small GTPases: How cytoskeletal changes during embryogenesis are orchestrated. Bioessays 2016; 38:1246-1254. [PMID: 27790724 PMCID: PMC5132145 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small GTPases in the Rho family act as major nodes with functions beyond cytoskeletal rearrangements shaping the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo during development. These small GTPases are key signal transducers that integrate diverse developmental signals to produce a coordinated response in the cell. In C. elegans, the best studied members of these highly conserved Rho family small GTPases, RHO-1/RhoA, CED-10/Rac, and CDC-42, are crucial in several cellular processes dealing with cytoskeletal reorganization. In this review, we update the functions described for the Rho family small GTPases in spindle orientation and cell division, engulfment, and cellular movements during C. elegans embryogenesis, focusing on the Rho subfamily Rac. Please also see the video abstract here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Gómez‐Orte
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR)LogroñoSpain
| | | | - Irene Gastaca
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR)LogroñoSpain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR)LogroñoSpain
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Tanshinone IIA inhibits myocardial remodeling induced by pressure overload via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation: Possible role of silent information regulator 1. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:632-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fukui K, Nakamura K, Shirai M, Hirano A, Takatsu H, Urano S. Long-Term Vitamin E-Deficient Mice Exhibit Cognitive Dysfunction via Elevation of Brain Oxidation. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61:362-8. [PMID: 26639843 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E inhibits oxidative processes in living tissues. We produced vitamin E-deficient mice by feeding them a vitamin E-deficient diet to verify the influence of chronic vitamin E deficiency on cognitive function. We measured cognitive function over a 5-d period using the Morris water maze task, as well as antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in discrete brain regions, and total serum cholesterol content. Three- and six-mo-old vitamin E-deficient and age-matched control mice were used. In addition, 24-mo-old mice were used as an aged-model. In the 3-mo-old mice, cognitive function in the vitamin E-deficient (short-term vitamin E-deficient) group was significantly impaired compared to age-matched controls. Although the lipid peroxidation products in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus did not significantly differ in 3-mo-old mice, the levels in the 6-mo-old vitamin E-deficient (long-term vitamin E-deficient) mice were significantly increased compared to age-matched controls. Serum cholesterol content was also significantly increased in the short- and long-term vitamin E-deficient mice compared to their respective age-matched controls. These results indicate that chronic vitamin E deficiency may slowly accelerate brain oxidation. Thus, vitamin E concentrations may need to be monitored in order to prevent the risk of cognitive dysfunction, even under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukui
- Physiological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Sciences, Shibaura Institute of Technology
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