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Liang YJ, Chiou YW, Chiu APT, Shiao MS, Teng W, Lin CW, Cheng ML, Huang YH, Liang KH, Su CW, Lai CY, Chen CL, Wu JC. Antiviral therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma through suppressing hepatitis B virus replication may improve ER stress, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions and decrease p62 in hybridized mice with single HBV transgene and miR-122. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29325. [PMID: 38108211 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) hijacks autophagy for its replication. Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) treatment suppressed HBV replication and reduced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. However, the use of NUCs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal or minimally elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels is still debated. Animal models are crucial for studying the unanswered issue and evaluating new therapies. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122), which regulates fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, is downregulated during hepatitis and HCC progression. The reciprocal inhibition of miR-122 with HBV highlights its role in HCC development as a tumor suppressor. By crossbreeding HBV-transgenic mice with miR-122 knockout mice, we generated a hybrid mouse model with a high incidence of HCC up to 89% and normal ALT levels before HCC. The model exhibited early-onset hepatic steatosis, progressive liver fibrosis, and impaired late-phase autophagy. Metabolomics and microarray analysis identified metabolic signatures, including dysregulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, genomic instability, the Warburg effect, reduced TCA cycle flux, energy deficiency, and impaired free radical scavenging. Antiviral treatment reduced HCC incidence in hybrid mice by approximately 30-35% compared to untreated mice. This effect was linked to the activation of ER stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4, clearance of autophagosome cargo p62, and suppression of the CHOP-mediated apoptosis pathway. In summary, this study suggests that despite minimal ALT elevation, HBV replication can lead to liver injury. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced miR-122 levels, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions, blocking protective autophagy resulting in p62 accumulation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and HCC. Antiviral may improve the above-mentioned pathogenesis through HBV suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Jin Liang
- Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Wei Chiou
- Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Abby Pei-Ting Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ming-Shi Shiao
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Wei Lin
- Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology and Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Holistic and Multidisciplinary Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Li Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Translational Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Byerly CD, Patterson LL, Pittner NA, Solomon RN, Patel JG, Rogan MR, McBride JW. Ehrlichia Wnt SLiM ligand mimic deactivates the Hippo pathway to engage the anti-apoptotic Yap-GLUT1-BCL-xL axis. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0008523. [PMID: 37530530 PMCID: PMC10501218 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00085-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 effector has evolved short linear motif (SLiM) ligand mimicry to repurpose multiple evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog. In this investigation, we demonstrate that E. chaffeensis and recombinant TRP120 deactivate Hippo signaling, resulting in the activation of Hippo transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein (Yap). Moreover, a homologous 6 amino acid (QDVASH) SLiM shared by TRP120 and Wnt3a/5a ligands phenocopied Yap and β-catenin activation induced by E. chaffeensis, rTRP120, and Wnt5a. Similar Hippo gene expression profiles were also stimulated by E. chaffeensis, rTRP120, SLiM, and Wnt5a. Single siRNA knockdown of Hippo transcription co-activator/factors, Yap, and transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) significantly decreased E. chaffeensis infection. Yap activation was abolished in THP-1 Wnt Frizzled-5 (Fzd5) receptor knockout cells (KO), demonstrating Fzd5 receptor dependence. In addition, the TRP120-Wnt-SLiM antibody blocked Hippo deactivation (Yap activation). Expression of anti-apoptotic Hippo target gene SLC2A1 (encodes glucose transporter 1; GLUT1) was upregulated by E. chaffeensis and corresponded to increased levels of GLUT1. Conversely, siRNA knockdown of SLC2A1 significantly inhibited infection. Higher GLUT1 levels correlated with increased B cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL) and decreased BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax) levels. Moreover, blocking Yap activation with the inhibitor Verteporfin induced apoptosis that corresponded to significant reductions in GLUT1 and BCL-xL levels and activation of Bax and Caspase-3 and -9. This study identifies a novel shared Wnt/Hippo SLiM ligand mimic and demonstrates that E. chaffeensis deactivates the Hippo pathway to engage the anti-apoptotic Yap-GLUT1-BCL-xL axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan D. Byerly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - LaNisha L. Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Pittner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Regina N. Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jignesh G. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Madison R. Rogan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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He L, Li H, Li C, Liu Z, Lu M, Zhang R, Wu D, Wei D, Shao J, Liu M, Wei H, Zhang C, Wang Z, Kong L, Chen Z, Bian H. HMMR alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting autophagolysosomal activity during endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:981-1002. [PMID: 37405956 PMCID: PMC10508155 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced carcinogenesis remains an area of interest. The accumulation of hepatitis B surface antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes stimulates persistent ER stress. Activity of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway of ER stress may play an important role in inflammatory cancer transformation. How the protective UPR pathway is hijacked by cells as a tool for malignant transformation in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Here, we aimed to define the key molecule hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) in this process and explore its role under ER stress in HCC development. METHODS An HBV-transgenic mouse model was used to characterize the pathological changes during the tumor progression. Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed to identify the potential key molecule, screen the E3 ligase, and define the activation pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted to detect the expression of genes in tissues and cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, coimmunoprecipitation, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of HMMR under ER stress. Immunohistochemistry was used to clarify the expression patterns of HMMR and related molecules in human tissues. RESULTS We found sustained activation of ER stress in the HBV-transgenic mouse model of hepatitis-fibrosis-HCC. HMMR was transcribed by c/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and degraded by tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29) after ubiquitination under ER stress, which caused the inconsistent expression of mRNA and protein. Dynamic expression of TRIM29 in the HCC progression regulated the dynamic expression of HMMR. HMMR could alleviate ER stress by increasing autophagic lysosome activity. The negative correlation between HMMR and ER stress, positive correlation between HMMR and autophagy, and negative correlation between ER stress and autophagy were verified in human tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the complicated role of HMMR in autophagy and ER stress, that HMMR controls the intensity of ER stress by regulating autophagy in HCC progression, which could be a novel explanation for HBV-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterologythe General Hospital of Western Theatre CommandChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Can Li
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Ze‐Kun Liu
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Meng Lu
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Ren‐Yu Zhang
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Ding Wei
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Jie Shao
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Man Liu
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Hao‐Lin Wei
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PathologyXijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Ling‐Min Kong
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Centre for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiP. R. China
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Luo X, Zhang R, Schefczyk S, Liang Y, Lin SS, Liu S, Baba HA, Lange CM, Wedemeyer H, Lu M, Broering R. Nuclear translocation of YAP drives BMI-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus infection. Liver Int 2023; 43:2002-2016. [PMID: 37312627 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. The aim of this study was to mechanistically investigate the involvement of Hippo signalling in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-dependent neoplastic transformation. METHODS Liver tissue and hepatocytes from HBsAg-transgenic mice were examined for the Hippo cascade and proliferative events. Functional experiments in mouse hepatoma cells included knockdown, overexpression, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results were validated in HBV-related HCC biopsies. RESULTS Hepatic expression signatures in HBsAg-transgenic mice correlated with YAP responses, cell cycle control, DNA damage and spindle events. Polyploidy and aneuploidy occurred in HBsAg-transgenic hepatocytes. Suppression and inactivation of MST1/2 led to the loss of YAP phosphorylation and the induction of BMI1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Increased BMI1 directly mediated cell proliferation associated with decreased level of p16INK4a , p19ARF , p53 and Caspase 3 as well as increased Cyclin D1 and γ-H2AX expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and the analysis of mutated binding sites in dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex bound and activated the Bmi1 promoter. In chronic hepatitis B patients, paired liver biopsies of non-tumour and tumour tissue indicated a correlation between YAP expression and the abundance of BMI1. In a proof-of-concept, treatment of HBsAg-transgenic mice with YAP inhibitor verteporfin directly suppressed the BMI1-related cell cycle. CONCLUSION HBV-associated proliferative HCC might be related to the HBsAg-YAP-BMI1 axis and offer a potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Luo
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yaojie Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shu S Lin
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Jeng LB, Li TC, Wang J, Teng CF. Increased plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus pre-S2 gene deletion mutation predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative surgical resection. Cancer 2023; 129:2621-2636. [PMID: 37096803 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite resection surgery as a curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the high rate of postoperative HCC recurrence remains a big challenge for patient survival. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most important risk factor for HCC. Deletion mutation in the HBV pre-S2 gene leads to expression of an essential viral oncoprotein called pre-S2 mutant and represents an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection. Additionally, cytokines are multifunctional secreted proteins and implicated in all stages of HBV-related HCC tumorigenesis. METHODS This study aimed to identify the cytokines whose plasma levels were associated with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and HCC recurrence and evaluate their potential to be combined with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation in predicting HCC recurrence. RESULTS Among a panel of 27 cytokines examined, plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly upregulated in patients with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation or HCC recurrence. MCP-1 was validated as an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence. Moreover, patients with both the presence of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and high levels of MCP-1 displayed a higher risk of HCC recurrence than patients with either one or none of these two biomarkers. The combination of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and MCP-1 levels exhibited a better prognostic performance for HCC recurrence than each biomarker alone. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered that MCP-1 levels had a significance to be as a combination biomarker with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation providing an improved performance in predicting HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Combination of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Gene Deletion Mutation and Tumor-Node-Metastasis Stage Predicts Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence after Curative Surgical Resection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030923. [PMID: 36979902 PMCID: PMC10045911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and life-threatening human cancers worldwide. Despite curative resection surgery, the high recurrence rate of HCC leads to poor patient survival. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiological factor for HCC. HBV pre-S2 gene deletion mutation leads to the expression of an important oncoprotein called a pre-S2 mutant. It represents an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence. This study aimed to identify other independent prognostic biomarkers from clinicopathological characteristics of 75 HBV-related HCC patients receiving resection surgery and to validate their potential to be combined with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation as a combination biomarker for HCC recurrence. Patients with both the presence of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage IIIA–IIIC had a higher HCC recurrence risk than patients with either one or none of these two factors. Moreover, the combination of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and TNM stage exhibited better performance than either of these two factors alone in discriminating patients from patients without HCC recurrence. Collectively, this study proposed that the TNM stage held significance as a combination biomarker with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation with a greater performance in predicting HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Kao WY, Tan ECH, Lee HL, Huang YH, Huo TI, Chang CC, Chiou JF, Hou MC, Wu JC, Su CW. Entecavir versus tenofovir on prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:1299-1312. [PMID: 36914943 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still controversy about whether tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) have different effects on the outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the prognoses between ETV and TDF treatment among patients with HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy. METHODS An analysis was done on data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry, which was linked to Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, for the years 2011-2016. We identified 7107 patients with HBV-related HCC after curative hepatectomy, and 25.3% of them used ETV or TDF after surgery. After propensity score overlap weighting, 1797 patients treated with ETV (n = 1365) or TDF (n = 432) were included for analyses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the efficacy of ETV and TDF for recurrence and overall survival (OS). RESULTS After hepatectomy, the recurrence rate per 100 person-years was 14.87 for the ETV group and 9.25 for the TDF group. The risk of recurrence was similar in the TDF group and the ETV group (HR [95% CI]: 0.91 [0.69-1.19; p = 0.479]), as was the risk of all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI]: 0.67 [0.42-1.07]; p = 0.091). When considering early recurrence (<2 years) and late recurrence (≧2 years), the TDF and ETV groups showed no significant differences. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses demonstrated consistent results. CONCLUSION Both TDF and ETV showed similar health benefits in terms of recurrence and OS in patients with HBV-related HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elise Chia-Hui Tan
- Department of Health Service Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ching Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Holistic and Multidisciplinary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Byerly CD, Patterson LL, Pittner NA, Solomon RN, Patel JG, Rogan MR, McBride JW. Ehrlichia Wnt short linear motif ligand mimetic deactivates the Hippo pathway to engage the anti-apoptotic Yap-GLUT1-BCL-xL axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531456. [PMID: 36945589 PMCID: PMC10028901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 effector has evolved short linear motif (SLiM) ligand mimicry to repurpose multiple evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog. In this investigation, we demonstrate that E. chaffeensis and recombinant TRP120 deactivate Hippo signaling resulting in activation of Hippo transcription coactivator Yap and target gene expression. Moreover, a homologous 6 amino acid (QDVASH) SLiM shared by TRP120 and Wnt3a/5a ligands phenocopied Yap and β-catenin activation induced by E. chaffeensis, rTRP120 and Wnt5a. Similar Hippo gene expression profiles were also stimulated by E. chaffeensis, rTRP120, SLiM and Wnt5a. Single siRNA knockdown of Hippo transcription co-activator/factors (Yap and TEAD) significantly decreased E. chaffeensis infection. Yap activation was abolished in THP-1 Wnt Frizzled-5 (Fzd5) receptor knockout cells (KO), demonstrating Fzd5 receptor dependence. In addition, TRP120 Wnt-SLiM antibody blocked Hippo deactivation (Yap activation). Expression of anti-apoptotic Hippo target gene SLC2A1 (encodes glucose transporter 1; GLUT1) was upregulated by E. chaffeensis and corresponded to increased levels of GLUT1. Conversely, siRNA knockdown of SLC2A1 significantly inhibited infection. Higher GLUT1 levels correlated with increased BCL-xL and decreased Bax levels. Moreover, blocking Yap activation with the inhibitor Verteporfin induced apoptosis that corresponded to significant reductions in levels of GLUT1 and BCL-xL, and activation of Bax and Caspase-3 and -9. This study identifies a novel shared Wnt/Hippo SLiM ligand mimetic and demonstrates that E. chaffeensis deactivates the Hippo pathway to engage the anti-apoptotic Yap-GLUT1-BCL-xL axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan D. Byerly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - LaNisha L. Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Pittner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Regina N. Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jignesh G. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Madison R. Rogan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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9
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Targeting the Hippo Pathway in Gastric Cancer and Other Malignancies in the Digestive System: From Bench to Bedside. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102512. [PMID: 36289774 PMCID: PMC9599207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionally conserved signaling cascade that controls organ size and tissue regeneration under physiological conditions, and its aberrations have been well studied to promote tumor initiation and progression. Dysregulation of the Hippo tumor suppressor signaling frequently occurs in gastric cancer (GC) and other solid tumors and contributes to cancer development through modulating multiple aspects, including cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and oncotherapy resistance. In the clinic, Hippo components also possess diagnostic and prognostic values for cancer patients. Considering its crucial role in driving tumorigenesis, targeting the Hippo pathway may greatly benefit developing novel cancer therapies. This review summarizes the current research progress regarding the core components and regulation of the Hippo pathway, as well as the mechanism and functional roles of their dysregulation in gastrointestinal malignancies, especially in GC, and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting the Hippo pathway against cancers.
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10
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Wang Y, Chen H, Yu J, Kang W, To KF. Recent insight into the role and therapeutic potential of YAP/TAZ in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188787. [PMID: 36041574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of cancer treatment, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are still the most prevalent malignancies with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been recognized to play a critical role during cancer development and adopted for monitoring disease progression and therapy response. Despite the well-documented tumor proliferation and metastasis, recent efforts in two core Hippo components, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), have identified as the driving forces behind cancer metabolism, stemness, tumor immunity, and therapy resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ facilitates the tumorigenesis and progression of GI cancer, and identifying novel therapeutic strategies for targeting YAP/TAZ are crucial to GI cancer treatment and prevention. In this study, we summarize the latest findings on the function and regulatory mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in GI cancers, and highlight the translational significance of targeting YAP/TAZ for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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11
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Liu W, Cai S, Pu R, Li Z, Liu D, Zhou X, Yin J, Chen X, Chen L, Wu J, Tan X, Wang X, Cao G. HBV preS Mutations Promote Hepatocarcinogenesis by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Upregulating Inflammatory Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133274. [PMID: 35805045 PMCID: PMC9265300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Viral mutations at the preS region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) significantly increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared to HBV preS deletion, the oncogenic effect of preS combo mutation has rarely been investigated. With a cohort including 2114 subjects, we demonstrated that preS combo mutations G2950A/G2951A/A2962G/C2964A and C3116T/T31C significantly increased the risk of HCC in patients without antiviral treatment, whereas preS2 deletion significantly increased the risk of HCC in patients with antiviral treatment. The prevalence of C3116T/T31C (43.61%) was higher than preS2 deletion (7.16%). By using Sleeping Beauty mouse models and in vitro experiments, we found G2950A/G2951A/A2962G/C2964A, C3116T/T31C, and preS2 deletion promoted hepatocarcinogenesis by increasing levels of inflammatory cytokines, activating STAT3 pathway, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and altering gene expression profiles in inflammation- and metabolism-related pathways. These results suggest that preS combo mutations G2950A/G2951A/A2962G/C2964A and C3116T/T31C had similar oncogenic effects of preS2 deletion and should also be monitored. Abstract This study aimed to elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS mutations on hepatocarcinogenesis. The effect of the preS mutations on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence was evaluated using a prospective cohort study with 2114 HBV-infected patients, of whom 612 received antiviral treatments. The oncogenic functions of HBV preS mutations were investigated using cancer cell lines and Sleeping Beauty (SB) mouse models. RNA-sequencing and microarray were applied to identify key molecules involved in the mutant-induced carcinogenesis. Combo mutations G2950A/G2951A/A2962G/C2964A and C3116T/T31C significantly increased HCC risk in patients without antiviral treatment, whereas the preS2 deletion significantly increased HCC risk in patients with antiviral treatment. In SB mice, the preS1/preS2/S mutants induced a higher rate of tumor and higher serum levels of inflammatory cytokines than did wild-type counterpart. The preS1/preS2/S mutants induced altered gene expression profiles in the inflammation- and metabolism-related pathways, activated pathways of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, affected the response to hypoxia, and upregulated the protein level of STAT3. Inhibiting the STAT3 pathway attenuated the effects of the preS1/preS2/S mutants on cell proliferation. G2950A/G2951A/A2962G/C2964A, C3116T/T31C, and preS2 deletion promote hepatocarcinogenesis via inducing ER stress, metabolism alteration, and STAT3 pathways, which might be translated into HCC prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Shiliang Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Rui Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Zixiong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Liver Cancer Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, China; (W.L.); (S.C.); (R.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (L.C.); (X.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-8187-1060
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12
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Association of Increased Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression and Regulatory T Cells Infiltration with Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Mutant after Curative Surgical Resection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061346. [PMID: 35746817 PMCID: PMC9229682 DOI: 10.3390/v14061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although surgical resection is available as a potentially curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high recurrence of HCC after surgery remains a serious obstacle for long-term patient survival. Therefore, the discovery of valuable prognostic biomarkers for HCC recurrence is urgently needed. Pre-S2 mutant is a mutant form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface protein which is expressed from the HBV surface gene harboring deletion mutations spanning the pre-S2 gene segment. Pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients have been regarded as a high-risk population of HCC recurrence after resection surgery and display increased immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and pro-tumor regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration in tumor tissues. In this study, the association of higher levels of PD-L1 expression and Tregs infiltration in tumor tissues with post-operative HCC recurrence in pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients was evaluated. We found that patients with pre-S2 mutant in combination with higher levels of PD-L1 expression and Tregs infiltration in tumor tissues were independently associated with a higher risk of HCC recurrence (hazard ratio, 4.109; p value = 0.0011) and poorer recurrence-free survival (median, 8.2 versus 18.0 months; p value = 0.0004) than those of patients with either one or two of these three biomarkers. Furthermore, a combination of pre-S2 mutant, intra-tumoral PD-L1 expression, and tumor-infiltrating Tregs exhibited superior performance in identifying patients at a higher risk of HCC recurrence (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.8400). Collectively, this study suggests that higher levels of PD-L1 expression and Tregs infiltration in tumor tissues predicted a higher risk of HCC recurrence in pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients after curative surgical resection.
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13
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Jeng LB, Li TC, Hsu SC, Chan WL, Teng CF. Association of Low Serum Albumin Level with Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Mutant after Curative Surgical Resection. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184187. [PMID: 34575311 PMCID: PMC8464848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is, globally, one of the most prevalent and deadly human cancers; despite curative surgical resection, its high recurrence rate after surgery remains a large threat, resulting in poor patient survival. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S2 mutant that harbors deletions spanning the pre-S2 gene segment has emerged as an important oncoprotein for HCC development and a valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence; however, its relationship with clinicopathological factors is largely unexplored. In this study, the correlation of the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment with clinicopathological factors and the association of such correlation with HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection were examined in HBV-related HCC patients. Inverse correlation between serum albumin level and the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment was identified. HCC patients with the presence of the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment and a low serum albumin level were associated with higher HCC recurrence than patients with either factor alone or neither factor were. Moreover, a combination of the serum albumin level and the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment exhibited better performance than that of either factor alone in predicting HCC recurrence. Collectively, this study shows an association of low serum albumin level with pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients, and validates the prognostic value of this association in identifying patients with higher HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (L.-B.J.); (S.-C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Hsu
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (L.-B.J.); (S.-C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan;
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (L.-B.J.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121; Fax: +886-4-2202-9083
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14
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress: Multiple regulatory roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112005. [PMID: 34426262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a basic cellular stress response that maintains cellular protein homeostasis under endogenous or exogenous stimuli, which depends on the stimulus, its intensity, and action time. The ER produces a corresponding cascade reaction for crosstalk of adaptive and/or pro-death regulation with other organelles. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignant solid tumors with an extremely poor prognosis. Viral hepatitis infection, cirrhosis, and steatohepatitis are closely related to the occurrence and development of HCC, and ER stress has gradually been shown to be a major mechanism. Moreover, an increasing need for protein and lipid products and relative deficiencies of oxygen and nutrients for rapid proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress are undoubtedly involved. Therefore, to fully and comprehensively understand the regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the occurrence and progression of HCC is of vital importance to explore its pathogenesis and develop novel anti-cancer strategies. METHODOLOGY We searched for relevant publications in the PubMed databases using the keywords "Endoplasmic reticulum stress", "hepatocellular carcinoma" in last five years,and present an overview of the current knowledge that links ER stress and HCC, which includes carcinogenesis, progression, and anti-cancer strategies, and propose directions of future research. RESULT ER stress were confirmed to be multiple regulators or effectors of cancer, which also be confirmed to drive tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. Targeting ER stress signaling pathway and related molecules could play a critical role for anti-HCC and has become a research hotspot for anti-cancer in recent years. CONCLUSION ER stress are critical for the processes of the tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. For HCC, ER stress was associated with tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance, targeting ER stress has emerged as a potential anti-tumor strategy.
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15
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Lin YT, Jeng LB, Chan WL, Su IJ, Teng CF. Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Gene Deletions and Pre-S Deleted Proteins: Clinical and Molecular Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050862. [PMID: 34066744 PMCID: PMC8151789 DOI: 10.3390/v13050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and fatal human cancers worldwide and its development and prognosis are intimately associated with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The identification of genetic mutations and molecular mechanisms that mediate HBV-induced tumorigenesis therefore holds promise for the development of potential biomarkers and targets for HCC prevention and therapy. The presence of HBV pre-S gene deletions in the blood and the expression of pre-S deleted proteins in the liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV-related HCC have emerged as valuable biomarkers for higher incidence rates of HCC development and a higher risk of HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection, respectively. Moreover, pre-S deleted proteins are regarded as important oncoproteins that activate multiple signaling pathways to induce DNA damage and promote growth and proliferation in hepatocytes, leading to HCC development. The signaling molecules dysregulated by pre-S deleted proteins have also been validated as potential targets for the prevention of HCC development. In this review, we summarize the clinical and molecular implications of HBV pre-S gene deletions and pre-S deleted proteins in HCC development and recurrence and highlight their potential applications in HCC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Te Lin
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121
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16
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Tertiary Prevention of HCC in Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infected Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071729. [PMID: 33917345 PMCID: PMC8038691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is the major obstacle concerning patients’ survival. Tertiary prevention by antiviral therapies could reduce HCC recurrence rate in both chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, nucleos(t)ide analogues (Nuc) provide a more effective HCC tertiary prevention effect than an interferon (IFN)-based regimen. In chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, the tertiary prevention effect by direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) was reported non-inferior to that by IFN-based therapy. Chronic hepatitis C patients left untreated had the worst survival benefit as well as shorted recurrence-free interval than those treated by either type of antiviral regimen. Although the risk of HCC recurrence could only be decreased but not diminished by antiviral therapies due to host and microenvironmental factors beyond virus infection, antiviral therapy helps to preserve and improve liver function which makes multi-modality anticancer treatment feasible to improve survival. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as a leading cause of common cancer and cancer-related death. The major etiology of HCC is due to chronic hepatitis virus including HBV and HCV infections. Scheduled HCC surveillance in high risk populations improves the early detection rate and the feasibility of curative treatment. However, high HCC recurrence rate still accounts for the poor prognosis of HCC patients. In this article, we critically review the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma and the evidence of tertiary prevention efficacy by current available antiviral treatment, and discuss the knowledge gap in viral hepatitis-related HCC tertiary prevention.
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Increased infiltration of regulatory T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma of patients with hepatitis B virus pre-S2 mutant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1136. [PMID: 33441885 PMCID: PMC7807072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and deadly human cancer worldwide that is intimately associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Pre-S2 mutant is a HBV oncoprotein that plays important roles in HCC development and is linked to poor prognosis in HCC patients. However, the profiles of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC tissues of pre-S2 mutant-positive patients remain unknown. In this study, we performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining to detect the infiltration of 'anti-tumor' cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and 'pro-tumor' regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pre-S2 mutant-positive and -negative HCC patients. We showed that pre-S2 mutant-positive patients had a significantly higher infiltration of CD4+CD25+ cells and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing cells but similar CTLs and lower granzyme B-expressing cells in HCC tissues compared with pre-S2 mutant-negative patients. Moreover, the percentage of pre-S2 plus pre-S1 + pre-S2 deletion (pre-S2 mutant) was positively correlated with the density of CD4+CD25+ cells and Foxp3-expressing cells but negatively with granzyme B-expressing cells in HCC tissues. Considering that increased intratumoral Tregs have been shown to promote tumor immune evasion, our data may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HBV pre-S2 mutant-induced HCC and suggest that therapeutics targeting Tregs may be a promising strategy for treating pre-S2 mutant-positive high-risk patient population.
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18
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Teng CF, Li TC, Wang T, Wu TH, Wang J, Wu HC, Shyu WC, Su IJ, Jeng LB. Increased Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Mutant. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:385-401. [PMID: 33365286 PMCID: PMC7751729 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s282818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The HCC patients who harbor HBV pre-S2 mutant, an oncoprotein that plays key roles in HCC development, have been closely associated with a worse prognosis after curative surgical resection, suggesting an urgent need for alternative therapeutic options to improve their survival. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), two of the most well-studied immune checkpoint molecules that promote tumor immune evasion, in tumor of the pre-S2 mutant-positive/high HCC patients. Methods We classified 40 HBV-related HCC patients into the pre-S2-positive/high and -negative/low groups by a next-generation sequencing-based approach. The fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in HCC tissues of patients. Results We showed that patients with either deletion spanning pre-S2 gene segment or high percentage of pre-S2 plus pre-S1+pre-S2 deletion (the pre-S2 mutant-positive/high group) exhibited a significantly higher density of PD-L1-positive cells in HCC tissues than those without. Moreover, the percentage of pre-S2 plus pre-S1+pre-S2 deletion displayed a high positive correlation with the density of PD-L1-positive cells in HCC tissues. Conclusion The increased expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues of the pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients suggest that pre-S2 mutant may play a potential role in dysregulation of tumor immune microenvironment in the progression of HBV-related HCC, implicating for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting Wang
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Teng CF, Li TC, Huang HY, Chan WL, Wu HC, Shyu WC, Su IJ, Jeng LB. Hepatitis B virus pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) in plasma predicts recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgical resection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242748. [PMID: 33237972 PMCID: PMC7688176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite curative surgical resection, high recurrence of HCC after surgery results in poor patient survival. To develop prognostic markers is therefore important for better prevention and therapy of recurrent HCC to improve patient outcomes. Deletion mutations over the pre-S1 and pre-S2 gene segments of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been closely associated with recurrence of HCC after curative surgical resection. In this study, we applied a next-generation sequencing-based approach to further evaluate the association of pre-S deletion regions with HCC recurrence. We demonstrated that the pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) was the most predominant deletion regions of pre-S gene in plasma of HBV-related HCC patients. Moreover, patients with the pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) exhibited a significantly higher risk of HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection than those without. The pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) in plasma represented a prognostic factor that independently predicted HCC recurrence with greater performance than other clinicopathological and viral factors. Our data suggest that detection of the pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) in plasma may be a promising noninvasive strategy for identifying patients at high risk for HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFT); (IJS); (LBJ)
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFT); (IJS); (LBJ)
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFT); (IJS); (LBJ)
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Teng CF, Wu HC, Su IJ, Jeng LB. Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Mutants as Biomarkers and Targets for the Development and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090945. [PMID: 32859114 PMCID: PMC7552003 DOI: 10.3390/v12090945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite progress in the prevention and therapy of HCC, high incidence and recurrence rates of HCC remain big threats, resulting in poor patient survival. Effective biomarkers and targets of HCC are therefore urgently needed for better management and to improve patient outcomes. Pre-S mutants have been well demonstrated as HBV oncoproteins that play important roles in HCC development through activation of multiple oncogenic signal pathways in hepatocytes, in vitro and in vivo. The presence of pre-S mutants in patients with chronic HBV infection and HBV-related HCC has been associated with a significantly higher risk of HCC development and recurrence after curative surgical resection, respectively. In this review, we summarize the roles of pre-S mutants as biomarkers for predicting HBV-related HCC development and recurrence, and highlight the pre-S mutants-activated oncogenic signal pathways as potential targets for preventing HBV-related HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Northern Dist., Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (I.-J.S.); (L.-B.J.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (C.-F.T. & L.-B.J.); +886-6-253-3131 (I.-J.S.); Fax: +886-4-2202-9083 (C.-F.T. & L.-B.J.); +886-6-242-5747 (I.-J.S.)
| | - Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan;
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.1, Nantai St., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (I.-J.S.); (L.-B.J.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (C.-F.T. & L.-B.J.); +886-6-253-3131 (I.-J.S.); Fax: +886-4-2202-9083 (C.-F.T. & L.-B.J.); +886-6-242-5747 (I.-J.S.)
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (I.-J.S.); (L.-B.J.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (C.-F.T. & L.-B.J.); +886-6-253-3131 (I.-J.S.); Fax: +886-4-2202-9083 (C.-F.T. & L.-B.J.); +886-6-242-5747 (I.-J.S.)
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21
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Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Quantitative Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Mutants in Plasma Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080796. [PMID: 32722114 PMCID: PMC7472021 DOI: 10.3390/v12080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common and lethal human cancers worldwide. Despite curative resection, high recurrence of HCC remains a big threat, leading to poor patient outcomes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S mutants, which harbor deletions over pre-S1 and pre-S2 gene segments of large surface proteins, have been implicated in HCC recurrence. Therefore, a reliable approach for detection of pre-S mutants is urgently needed for predicting HCC recurrence to improve patient survival. In this study, we used a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based platform for quantitative detection of pre-S mutants in the plasma of HBV-related HCC patients and evaluated their prognostic values in HCC recurrence. We demonstrated that the presence of deletions spanning the pre-S2 gene segment and the high percentage of pre-S2 plus pre-S1 + pre-S2 deletions, either alone or in combination, was significantly and independently associated with poor recurrence-free survival and had greater prognostic performance than other clinicopathological and viral factors in predicting HCC recurrence. Our data suggest that the NGS-based quantitative detection of pre-S mutants in plasma represents a promising approach for identifying patients at high risk for HBV-related HCC recurrence after surgical resection in a noninvasive manner.
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22
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Nie Y, Deng XZ, Lan Y, Li F, Hu FY. Pre-S Deletions are Predominant Quasispecies in HIV/HBV Infection: Quasispecies Perspective. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1643-1649. [PMID: 32606815 PMCID: PMC7294102 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s255473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined HIV infection can accelerate HBV-induced liver disease. It is known that HBV Pre-S deletion is closely related to HBV-associated terminal liver disease in HBV mono-infection. Currently, data on HBV Pre-S quasispecies feature deletion in HIV/HBV co-infected patients are lacking. Methods The characteristics and blood samples of patients with chronic HBV infection were collected and classified into an HIV/HBV co-infection group and an HBV mono-infection group according to HIV antibody results before treatment. HBV DNA in serum was extracted. The HBV Pre-S region was amplified by nested-PCR and was further T-A cloned. Using the standard sequence of the matched genotype HBV as a reference, BioEdit 7.0 software was employed for sequence alignment. Results HBV Pre-S regions were successfully amplified from 147 patients, including 71 cases in the HIV/HBV co-infected group and 76 cases in the HBV mono-infected group. The proportion of the HIV/HBV co-infected group with Pre-S quasispecies deletion was lower than that of the HBV mono-infected group. By analyzing the frequency of Pre-S quasispecies in the two groups, the frequency of Pre-S quasispecies in HIV/HBV co-infected patients with Pre-S quasispecies was higher than HBV mono-infected patients. The frequency of Pre-S quasispecies deletion of the S protein promoter region in the HIV/HBV co-infected group was significantly higher than that in the HBV mono-infected group. Conclusion High-frequency Pre-S quasispecies deletions are predominant in HIV/HBV co-infected patients; however, low-frequency Pre-S deletions are predominant in HBV mono-infected patients, providing a reference for the pathogenesis of the accelerated progression of liver disease in HIV/HBV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Nie
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Zi Deng
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lan
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yu Hu
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Detection of hepatitis B virus pre-S mutants in plasma by a next-generation sequencing-based platform determines their patterns in liver tissues. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234773. [PMID: 32559248 PMCID: PMC7304603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S mutants in liver tissues or blood have been regarded as a high-risk population for HCC development and recurrence. Detection of pre-S mutants in clinical specimens is thus important for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC to improve patient survival. Recently, we have developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based platform that can quantitatively detect pre-S mutants in patient plasma with superior sensitivity and accuracy. In this study, we compared the pre-S genotyping results from plasma by the NGS-based analysis with those from liver tissues by the immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based analysis in 30 HBV-related HCC patients. We demonstrated that the detection rate of pre-S mutants was significantly higher by NGS- than by IHC-based analysis. There was a moderate to good agreement between both analyses in detection of pre-S mutants. Compared with the IHC, the NGS-based detection of pre-S mutants in patient plasma could determine the patterns of pre-S mutants in liver tissues more efficiently in a noninvasive manner. Our data suggest that the NGS-based platform may represent a promising approach for detection of pre-S mutants as biomarkers of HBV-related HCC in clinical practice.
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24
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Wang Z, Lu W, Zhang Y, Zou F, Jin Z, Zhao T. The Hippo Pathway and Viral Infections. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3033. [PMID: 32038526 PMCID: PMC6990114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a novel tumor suppressor pathway, initially found in Drosophila. Recent studies have discovered that the Hippo signaling pathway plays a critical role in a wide range of biological processes, including organ size control, cell proliferation, cancer development, and virus-induced diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological feature and pathological role of the Hippo pathway, focusing particularly on current findings in the function of the Hippo pathway in virus infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wanhang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Feng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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25
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Zhang S, Zhou D. Role of the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ in liver cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Zhang Z, Lei B, Chai W, Liu R, Li T. Increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17680. [PMID: 31689787 PMCID: PMC6946458 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease worldwide. In this study, we sought to explore the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and its prognostic value in HCC.The expressions of IGF-1R mRNA and protein were estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assays, respectively. The association between IGF-1R expression and clinicopathologic characteristic of patients with HCC was analyzed through Chi-squared test. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to analyze prognostic value of IGF-1R in HCC.The IGF-1R was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels compared with adjacent normal ones (P < .01). Its expression was associated with tumor node metastasis stage (P = .037) and lymph node metastasis (P = .027) of patients with HCC. Patients with HCC with high expression of IGF-1R had worse overall survival than those with low expression. IGF-1R might be a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.912, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.023-3.572, P = .042).The IGF-1R expression level is upregulated in HCC tissues and may act as a prognostic biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bao Lei
- First Department of General Surgery
| | - Wei Chai
- First Department of General Surgery
| | | | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Teaching, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei, China
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27
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Al-Qahtani AA, Pourkarim MR, Trovão NS, Vergote V, Li G, Thijssen M, Abdo AA, Sanai FM, Dela Cruz D, Bohol MFF, Al-Anazi MR, Al-Ahdal MN. Molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis and genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in Saudi Arabia: Predominance of genotype D1. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104051. [PMID: 31634640 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the implementation of various vaccination programs, hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a considerable health problem in Saudi Arabia. Insight on HBV evolutionary history in the region is limited. We performed a comprehensive epidemiological and phylogenetic reconstruction based on a large cohort of HBV infected patients. Three hundred and nineteen HBV-infected patients with different clinical manifestations, including inactive and active chronic carriers and patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), were enrolled in this study. The full-length large S gene was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genotype and subgenotypes of the isolates. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that genotype D is the most dominant genotype among patients. Moreover, this analysis identified two strains with genotype E isolated from active carriers. Detailed phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of four HBV D subgenotypes, D1 (93%, n = 296), D2 (0.02%, n = 5), D3 (0.003%, n = 1), and D4 (0.003%, n = 1). In addition, six genotype D strains were not assigned to any existing HBV D subgenotype. The large S gene of eight strains showed signatures of genotype recombination between the genotypes D and A and between D and E. Several strains harbored medically important point mutations at the protein level. Along with the dominance of the HBV genotype D, isolation of the E genotype and several recombinant strains from patients with Saudi Arabian origin is an essential result for decisions involving therapeutic measures for patients. Development of vaccines and detection of diagnostic escape mutations at antigenic epitopes on the HBsAg will be valuable to public health authorities. Furthermore, the diversity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels and different proportions of dN/dS at the PreS1, PreS2, and HBsAg reveal the selective pressure trend from inactive status towards advanced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nídia Sequeira Trovão
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guangdi Li
- Department of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ayman A Abdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Sanai
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damian Dela Cruz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie Fe F Bohol
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael R Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chemopreventive Effect of Phytosomal Curcumin on Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in A Transgenic Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10338. [PMID: 31316146 PMCID: PMC6637187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B X protein (HBx) and pre-S2 mutant have been proposed as the two most important HBV oncoproteins that play key roles in HCC pathogenesis. Curcumin is a botanical constituent displaying potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties without toxic side effects. Phytosomal formulation of curcumin has been shown to exhibit enhanced bioavailability, improved pharmacokinetics, and excellent efficacy against many human diseases. However, effectiveness of phytosomal curcumin for HCC treatment remains to be clarified. In this study, we evaluated chemopreventive effect of phytosomal curcumin on HBV-related HCC by using a transgenic mouse model specifically expressing both HBx and pre-S2 mutant in liver. Compared with unformulated curcumin, phytosomal curcumin exhibited significantly greater effects on suppression of HCC formation, improvement of liver histopathology, decrease of lipid accumulation and leukocyte infiltration, and reduction of total tumor volume in transgenic mice. Moreover, phytosomal curcumin exerted considerably stronger effects on activation of anti-inflammatory PPARγ as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory NF-κB than unformulated curcumin. Furthermore, phytosomal curcumin showed a comparable effect on suppression of oncogenic mTOR activation to unformulated curcumin. Our data demonstrated that phytosomal curcumin has promise for HCC chemoprevention in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Li J, Yao M, Zhu X, Li Q, He J, Chen L, Wang W, Zhu C, Shen T, Cao R, Fang C. YAP-Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:920-929. [PMID: 31282845 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519851804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Current studies have shown that chewing areca nut is considered the main cause of OSF, and endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) participates in the occurrence and development of the fibrotic lesion. However, the specific molecular mechanisms and treatments remain unclear. Here, we report the mechanism of arecoline-induced EndMT and the importance of this mechanism in OSF, and we also identify potential therapeutics for decreasing OSF incidence. We demonstrate the overexpression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in human samples and that it was significantly associated with OSF pathologic stage. Arecoline activated YAP by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and inducing the PERK pathway (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), resulting in the initiation of EndMT and leading to OSF. Verteporfin, a YAP–TEA domain pathway inhibitor, suppressed EndMT and decreased collagen accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of OSF in mice. These data indicate that arecoline regulates the activity of YAP and highlight an alternative method for treating OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M. Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - X. Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Q. Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J. He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - L. Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - W. Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C. Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - T. Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - R. Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C. Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Tappia PS, Maksymiuk AW, Sitar DS, Akhtar PS, Khatun N, Parveen R, Ahmed R, Ahmed RB, Cheng B, Huang G, Bach H, Hiebert B, Ramjiawan B. Predictive value and clinical significance of increased SSAT-1 activity in healthy adults. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO400. [PMID: 31428447 PMCID: PMC6695528 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT-1) regulates cell growth, proliferation and death. Amantadine is converted by SSAT-1 to acetylamantadine (AA). In our earlier studies, although SSAT-1 was activated in patients with cancer, a number of ostensibly healthy adult volunteers had higher than expected AA concentration. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the outlier group. MATERIALS & METHODS A follow up of urine analysis for AA by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as well as clinical assessments and additional blood analyses were conducted. RESULTS In some of the outlier controls, higher than expected AA concentration was linked to increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen. Clinical and radiographic assessments revealed underlying abnormalities in other cases that could represent premalignant conditions. Hematology tests revealed elevations in white blood cells and platelets, which are markers of inflammation. CONCLUSION High urine concentration of AA could be used as a simple and useful test for screening of cancer in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Andrew W Maksymiuk
- Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Daniel S Sitar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Parveen S Akhtar
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazrina Khatun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rahnuma Parveen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Brian Cheng
- BioMark Diagnostics Inc., Richmond, BC, V6X 2W8, Canada
| | - Gina Huang
- BioMark Diagnostics Inc., Richmond, BC, V6X 2W8, Canada
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Brett Hiebert
- Cardiac Sciences Program, Asper Clinical Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Bram Ramjiawan
- Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
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Li Y, Xia Y, Cheng X, Kleiner DE, Hewitt SM, Sproch J, Li T, Zhuang H, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Activates Unfolded Protein Response in Forming Ground Glass Hepatocytes of Chronic Hepatitis B. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040386. [PMID: 31027244 PMCID: PMC6520809 DOI: 10.3390/v11040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs), a histological hallmark of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, contain excessive hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is linked to unfolded protein response (UPR). The mechanism by which HBV activates UPR has not been fully defined. To investigate this, HepG2-NTCP cells and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) were either infected with HBV or transduced with adenoviral vectors expressing replication-competent HBV genome or individual HBV genes. UPR markers were evaluated by qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis and cell viability were measured by Caspase-3/7 and ATPlite assay respectively. We found that UPR markers were induced by the overexpression of HBsAg in HepG2-NTCP cells and PHHs. Elevation of UPR-induced genes showed a dose-dependent correlation with HBsAg levels. In HBV-infected livers, GGHs also demonstrated excessive accumulation of HBsAg associated with increased BIP/GRP78 staining, a marker of UPR. Prolonged activation of UPR by HBsAg overexpression induced signs of apoptosis. Overexpression of HBsAg can induce ER stress through protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway in vitro, and may be linked to the appearance of GGHs. The activation of UPR by HBsAg may sensitize hepatocytes to cell death and result in possible subsequent cellular changes leading to a premalignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yuchen Xia
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Julia Sproch
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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32
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Chiu SY, Chung HJ, Chen YT, Huang MS, Huang CC, Huang SF, Matsuura I. A nonsense mutant of the hepatitis B virus large S protein antagonizes multiple tumor suppressor pathways through c-Jun activation domain-binding protein1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208665. [PMID: 30870427 PMCID: PMC6417713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies have identified recurrent nonsense mutations in the HBV large S (LHBs) gene from the liver from HBV core antigen-positive HCC patients. These nonsense mutants have been shown to be oncogenic in mouse xenograft models using a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. Here, we expressed in a liver cell line Huh-7 a carboxy terminally truncated protein from a nonsense mutant of the LHBs gene, sW182* (stop codon at tryptophane-182). Although the sW182* protein appeared not to be very stable in the cultured liver cells, we confirmed that the protein can be highly expressed and retained for a prolonged period of time in the hepatocytes in the mouse liver, indicating its stable nature in the physiological condition. In the Huh-7 cells, the sW182* mutant downregulated tumor suppressors p53 and Smad4. This downregulation was reversed by a proteasome inhibitor MG132, implying the involvement of proteasome-based protein degradation in the observed regulation of the tumor suppressors. On the other hand, we found that c-Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1) physically interacts with the sW182*, but not wild-type LHBs. RNA interference (RNAi) of Jab1 restored the levels of the downregulated p53 and Smad4. The sW182* mutant inhibited the promoter activity of downstream target genes of the tumor suppressors. Consistently, Jab1 RNAi reversed the inhibition. These results suggest that the LHBs nonsense mutant antagonizes the tumor suppressor pathways through Jab1 in the liver contributing to HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Chiu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ju Chung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Isao Matsuura
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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33
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Guo JT, Block TM. Do hepatitis B virus surface antigens have any role in viral carcinogenesis? Hepatology 2018; 68:801-803. [PMID: 29572901 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902
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34
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Chang HY, Tsai HW, Teng CF, Hui-Ching Wang L, Huang W, Su IJ. Ground glass hepatocytes provide targets for therapy or prevention of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2018.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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