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Gaffney-Stomberg E, Nakayama AT, Lutz LJ, McClung JP, O'Brien KO, Staab JS. Load carriage exercise increases calcium absorption and retention in healthy young women. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:39-49. [PMID: 38630876 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise reduces circulating ionized Ca (iCa) and increases parathyroid hormone (PTH), but the cause and consequences on Ca handling are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of strenuous exercise on Ca kinetics using dual stable Ca isotopes. Twenty-one healthy women (26.4 ± 6.7 yr) completed a randomized, crossover study entailing two 6-d iterations consisting of either 60 min of treadmill walking at 65% VO2max wearing a vest weighing 30% body weight on study days 1, 3, and 5 (exercise [EX]), or a rest iteration (rest [REST]). On day 1, participants received intravenous 42Ca and oral 44Ca. Isotope ratios were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Kinetic modeling determined fractional Ca absorption (FCA), Ca deposition (Vo+), resorption (Vo-) from bone, and balance (Vbal). Circulating PTH and iCa were measured before, during, and after each exercise/rest session. Data were analyzed by paired t-test or linear mixed models using SPSS. iCa decreased and PTH increased (P < .001) during each EX session and were unchanged during REST. On day 1, urinary Ca was lower in the EX pool (25 ± 11 mg) compared to REST (38 ± 16 mg, P = .001), but did not differ over the full 24-h collection (P > .05). FCA was greater during EX (26.6 ± 8.1%) compared to REST (23.9 ± 8.3%, P < .05). Vbal was less negative during EX (-61.3 ± 111 mg) vs REST (-108 ± 23.5 mg, P < .05), but VO+ (574 ± 241 vs 583 ± 260 mg) and VO- (-636 ± 243 vs -692 ± 252 mg) were not different (P > .05). The rapid reduction in circulating iCa may be due to a change in the miscible Ca pool, resulting in increased PTH and changes in intestinal absorption and renal Ca handling that support a more positive Ca balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gaffney-Stomberg
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, United States
| | - Anna T Nakayama
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, United States
| | - Laura J Lutz
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, United States
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, United States
| | - Kimberly O O'Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Jeffery S Staab
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, United States
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Li Y, Ge C, Cheng C, Wang X, Si D, Mu C, Wang M, Li H, Zhou D. Nano-biochar uptake and translocation by plants: Assessing environmental fate and food chain risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167012. [PMID: 37704151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-biochar (N-BC) is an emerging nanomaterial with potential applications in various fields. Understanding its behavior in the environment and its interaction with plants is crucial for assessing its ecological implications and potential risks to the food chain. In this study, we investigated the absorption and transportation of N-BC by wheat and Chinese cabbage plants using microscopy techniques and stable isotope analysis. Our results revealed that N-BC particles were readily absorbed by the plants through their root systems and transported to the aboveground tissues. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy provided visual evidence of N-BC particles inside the plants, predominantly located in the xylem and cell walls of the cortical tissue. Stable isotope analysis confirmed the uptake and transportation of N-BC, with elevated isotopic values observed in the plant tissues exposed to 13C-N-BC. Our results demonstrated that around 50.2 %-52.4 % of the absorbed N-BC by plants was accumulated in the roots of wheat and Chinese cabbage, and the remaining fraction was transferred to the shoots including steam (31.0 %-32.1 %) and leaf (16.5 %-17.6 %). Importantly, we observed significant accumulation of N-BC in the edible parts of Chinese cabbage, raising concerns about its potential entry into the food chain and associated health risks. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the specific pathways and modes of N-BC uptake and transport in plants. Monitoring the presence of N-BC in the environment and its potential impact on the food chain is crucial for ensuring food security and safeguarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenghao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dunfeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Li Y, Cheng C, Wang H, Zhou L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou D. Distribution, toxicity, and impacts of nano-biochar in mice following dietary exposure: Insights into environmental risks and mammalian effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122652. [PMID: 37783417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano-biochar is a novel material with emerging applications in various fields, including agriculture and environmental remediation. The potential risks of nano-biochar (N-BC) in the food chain necessitate further investigation. We studied the distribution and toxicity of N-BC in mice through dietary exposure. Using Balb/c mice, we assessed N-BC accumulation in organs and its impact on vital organs. Isotope analysis showed significant accumulation of 13C-N-BC in the liver (53.1%-55.9%), kidneys (4.0%-5.9%), and blood (9.2%-13.6%), with lesser amounts in the intestines (0.8%-1.2%) and stool (28.0%-28.1%). N-BC induced liver damage, evident by increased oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes. It disrupted tight junction proteins in the intestine, potentially allowing systemic entry. N-BC also influenced gut microbiota composition and metabolites. Our study provides insights into N-BC's distribution, toxicity, and environmental risks, urging further research on its implications for mammalian health and the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jinlei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Atkins LA, Spence AC, Szymlek-Gay EA. Iron Nutrition of Pre-Schoolers in High-Income Countries: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112616. [PMID: 37299582 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-schoolers are vulnerable to iron deficiency, which, in high-resource countries, is mainly caused by suboptimal or poorly absorbable iron intakes. This review examines the prevalence of inadequate iron intakes and status, and the non-dietary factors associated with these, among children aged between 2 and 5 years within high-income countries. It then considers the quality of the pre-schooler diet in terms of dietary factors, dietary patterns, and iron intakes. Additionally, it discusses the assessment of iron bioavailability and examines the various methods used to estimate the amount of absorbable iron in pre-schooler diets. Knowledge of the adequacy of iron intakes and bioavailability of iron intakes, and dietary patterns associated with iron intakes can facilitate the design and implementation of effectively targeted community-based intervention studies to improve iron intakes and iron bioavailability to minimise the risk of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Atkins
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Alison C Spence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Ewa A Szymlek-Gay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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O'Brien KO, Abrams SA. Using stable isotope tracers to study bone metabolism in children. J Physiol 2018; 597:1311-1319. [PMID: 29869788 DOI: 10.1113/jp275452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal mineralization is initiated in utero and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. During these key periods of the life cycle, calcium retention must increase significantly to provide sufficient mineral for bone deposition and skeletal growth. Stable calcium isotopes have served as a fundamental tool to non-invasively characterize the dynamic changes in calcium physiology that occur from infancy through adolescence. These approaches have helped define the dynamics of calcium absorption and utilization in healthy children and in children with chronic diseases. As data in this area have accumulated, new areas of emphasis are beginning to characterize the determinants of variability in mineral retention, the genetic determinants of bone turnover and calcium flux and the impact of the gut microbiome on whole body and niche specific calcium dynamics. Advances in these areas will help define calcium utilization in paediatric populations and provide information that may be useful in maximizing bone acquisition across this critical phase of the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
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6
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Mir JM, Maurya R, Rajak D, Malik BA, Jaget P, Jain N. A novel Schiff base complex of brain fuel (sugar) coordinated with intelligence mineral (Zn): Synthesis, conjoint DFT-experimental evaluation and super oxide dismutation. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Mode of oral iron administration and the amount of iron habitually consumed do not affect iron absorption, systemic iron utilisation or zinc absorption in iron-sufficient infants: a randomised trial. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1046-60. [PMID: 27546308 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Different metabolic pathways of supplemental and fortification Fe, or inhibition of Zn absorption by Fe, may explain adverse effects of supplemental Fe in Fe-sufficient infants. We determined whether the mode of oral Fe administration or the amount habitually consumed affects Fe absorption and systemic Fe utilisation in infants, and assessed the effects of these interventions on Zn absorption, Fe and Zn status, and growth. Fe-sufficient 6-month-old infants (n 72) were randomly assigned to receive 6·6 mg Fe/d from a high-Fe formula, 1·3 mg Fe/d from a low-Fe formula or 6·6 mg Fe/d from Fe drops and a formula with no added Fe for 45 d. Fractional Fe absorption, Fe utilisation and fractional Zn absorption were measured with oral (57Fe and 67Zn) and intravenous (58Fe and 70Zn) isotopes. Fe and Zn status, infection and growth were measured. At 45 d, Hb was 6·3 g/l higher in the high-Fe formula group compared with the Fe drops group, whereas serum ferritin was 34 and 35 % higher, respectively, and serum transferrin 0·1 g/l lower in the high-Fe formula and Fe drops groups compared with the low-Fe formula group (all P<0·05). No intervention effects were observed on Fe absorption, Fe utilisation, Zn absorption, other Fe status indices, plasma Zn or growth. We concluded that neither supplemental or fortification Fe nor the amount of Fe habitually consumed altered Fe absorption, Fe utilisation, Zn absorption, Zn status or growth in Fe-sufficient infants. Consumption of low-Fe formula as the only source of Fe was insufficient to maintain Fe stores.
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Tran CD, Gopalsamy GL, Mortimer EK, Young GP. The potential for zinc stable isotope techniques and modelling to determine optimal zinc supplementation. Nutrients 2015; 7:4271-95. [PMID: 26035248 PMCID: PMC4488783 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognised that zinc deficiency is a major global public health issue, particularly in young children in low-income countries with diarrhoea and environmental enteropathy. Zinc supplementation is regarded as a powerful tool to correct zinc deficiency as well as to treat a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, the dose and frequency of its use as well as the choice of zinc salt are not clearly defined regardless of whether it is used to treat a disease or correct a nutritional deficiency. We discuss the application of zinc stable isotope tracer techniques to assess zinc physiology, metabolism and homeostasis and how these can address knowledge gaps in zinc supplementation pharmacokinetics. This may help to resolve optimal dose, frequency, length of administration, timing of delivery to food intake and choice of zinc compound. It appears that long-term preventive supplementation can be administered much less frequently than daily but more research needs to be undertaken to better understand how best to intervene with zinc in children at risk of zinc deficiency. Stable isotope techniques, linked with saturation response and compartmental modelling, also have the potential to assist in the continued search for simple markers of zinc status in health, malnutrition and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong D Tran
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Gate 13, Kintore Ave, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Geetha L Gopalsamy
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Gate 13, Kintore Ave, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
- Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Elissa K Mortimer
- Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Graeme P Young
- Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
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9
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Lameris AL, Nevalainen PI, Reijnen D, Simons E, Eygensteyn J, Monnens L, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Segmental transport of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ along the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G206-16. [PMID: 25477372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00093.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) and magnesium (Mg(2+)) ions are involved in many vital physiological functions. Since dietary intake is the only source of minerals for the body, intestinal absorption is essential for normal homeostatic levels. The aim of this study was to characterize the absorption of Ca(2+) as well as Mg(2+) along the gastrointestinal tract at a molecular and functional level. In both humans and mice the Ca(2+) channel transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 6 (TRPV6) is expressed in the proximal intestinal segments, whereas Mg(2+) channel transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 6 (TRPM6) is expressed in the distal parts of the intestine. A method was established to measure the rate of Mg(2+) absorption from the intestine in a time-dependent manner by use of (25)Mg(2+). In addition, local absorption of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in different segments of the intestine of mice was determined by using surgically implanted intestinal cannulas. By these methods, it was demonstrated that intestinal absorption of Mg(2+) is regulated by dietary needs in a vitamin D-independent manner. Also, it was shown that at low luminal concentrations, favoring transcellular absorption, Ca(2+) transport mainly takes place in the proximal segments of the intestine, whereas Mg(2+) absorption predominantly occurs in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract. Vitamin D treatment of mice increased serum Mg(2+) levels and 24-h urinary Mg(2+) excretion, but not intestinal absorption of (25)Mg(2+). Segmental cannulation of the intestine and time-dependent absorption studies using (25)Mg(2+) provide new ways to study intestinal Mg(2+) absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke L Lameris
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pasi I Nevalainen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daphne Reijnen
- Central Animal Facility, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ellen Simons
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Eygensteyn
- Department of General Instrumentation, Faculty of Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Monnens
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Little PJ, Bhattacharya R, Moreyra AE, Korichneva IL. Zinc and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition 2011; 26:1050-7. [PMID: 20950764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a vital element in maintaining the normal structure and physiology of cells. The fact that it has an important role in states of cardiovascular diseases has been studied and described by several research groups. It appears to have protective effects in coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. Intracellular zinc plays a critical role in the redox signaling pathway, whereby certain triggers such as ischemia and infarction lead to release of zinc from proteins and cause myocardial damage. In such states, replenishing with zinc has been shown to improve cardiac function and prevent further damage. Thus, the area of zinc homeostasis is emerging in cardiovascular disease research. The goal of this report is to review the current knowledge and suggest further avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Little
- Diabetes and Cell Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Abstract
The variations in the isotopic composition of calcium caused by fractionation in heterogeneous systems and by nuclear reactions can provide insight into numerous biological, geological, and cosmic processes, and therefore isotopic analysis finds a wide spectrum of applications in cosmo- and geochemistry, paleoclimatic, nutritional, and biomedical studies. The measurement of calcium isotopic abundances in natural samples has challenged the analysts for more than three decades. Practically all Ca isotopes suffer from significant isobaric interferences, whereas low-abundant isotopes can be particularly affected by neighboring major isotopes. The extent of natural variations of stable isotopes appears to be relatively limited, and highly precise techniques are required to resolve isotopic effects. Isotope fractionation during sample preparation and measurements and instrumental mass bias can significantly exceed small isotope abundance variations in samples, which have to be investigated. Not surprisingly, a TIMS procedure developed by Russell et al. (Russell et al., 1978. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42: 1075-1090) for Ca isotope measurements was considered as revolutionary for isotopic measurements in general, and that approach is used nowadays (with small modifications) for practically all isotopic systems and with different mass spectrometric techniques. Nevertheless, despite several decades of calcium research and corresponding development of mass spectrometers, the available precision and accuracy is still not always sufficient to achieve the challenging goals. The present article discusses figures of merits of presently used analytical methods and instrumentation, and attempts to critically assess their limitations. In Sections 2 and 3, mass spectrometric methods applied to precise stable isotope analysis and to the determination of (41)Ca are described. Section 4 contains a short summary of selected applications, and includes tracer experiments and the potential use of biological isotope fractionation in medical studies, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic, and other terrestrial as well as extraterrestrial investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei F Boulyga
- Safeguards Analytical Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria.
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Uenishi K, Fujita T, Ishida H, Fujii Y, Ohue M, Kaji H, Hirai M, Kakumoto M, Abrams SA. Fractional absorption of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa) and calcium carbonate measured by a dual stable-isotope method. Nutrients 2010; 2:752-61. [PMID: 22254052 PMCID: PMC3257682 DOI: 10.3390/nu2070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the use of stable isotopes, this study aimed to compare the bioavailability of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa), obtained from oyster shell powder heated to a high temperature, with an additional heated seaweed component (Heated Algal Ingredient, HAI), with that of calcium carbonate. In 10 postmenopausal women volunteers aged 59 to 77 years (mean ± S.D., 67 ± 5.3), the fractional calcium absorption of AAACa and CaCO3 was measured by a dual stable isotope method. 44Ca-enriched CaCO3 and AAACa were administered in all subjects one month apart. After a fixed-menu breakfast and pre-test urine collection (Urine 0), 42Ca-enriched CaCl2 was intravenously injected, followed by oral administration of 44Ca-enriched CaCO3 without carrier 15 minutes later, and complete urine collection for the next 24 hours (Urine 24). The fractional calcium absorption was calculated as the ratio of Augmentation of 44Ca from Urine 0 to Urine 24/ augmentation of 42Ca from Urine 0 to Urine 24. Differences and changes of 44Ca and 42Ca were corrected by comparing each with 43Ca. Fractional absorption of AAACa (mean ± S.D., 23.1 ± 6.4), was distinctly and significantly higher than that of CaCO3 (14.7 ± 6.4; p = 0.0060 by paired t-test). The mean fractional absorption was approximately 1.57-times higher for AAACa than for CaCO3. The serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was low (mean ± S.D., 14.2 ± 4.95 ng/ml), as is common in this age group in Japan. Among the parameters of the bone and mineral metabolism measured, none displayed a significant correlation with the fractional absorption of CaCO3 and AAACa. Higher fractional absorption of AAACa compared with CaCO3 supports previous reports on the more beneficial effect of AAACa than CaCO3 for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University. 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ; Tel.: 81-492-843-895; Fax: 81-492-843-895
| | - Takuo Fujita
- Katsuragi Hospital, 250-1 Makamicho, Kishiwada, Osaka 596-0842, Japan; (T.F.)
| | - Hiromi Ishida
- Laboratory of Administrative Dietetics, Kagawa Nutrition University. 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Fujii
- Fujii Clinic, 4-18-1 Tsutsujigaoka, Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0853, Japan;
| | - Mutsumi Ohue
- Katsuragi Hospital, 250-1 Makamicho, Kishiwada, Osaka 596-0842, Japan; (T.F.)
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Midori Hirai
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Mikio Kakumoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Steven A. Abrams
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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Abrams SA. Setting Dietary Reference Intakes with the use of bioavailability data: calcium. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1474S-1477S. [PMID: 20200260 PMCID: PMC2854913 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for calcium, especially in children, has relied in significant part on the evaluation of the relation between calcium intake and calcium absorption and retention. At present, most of these studies are conducted with the use of dual-tracer stable isotope, although mass balance or other isotope methods are still used occasionally. Studies carried out to evaluate DRI values need to be conducted under the most controlled conditions possible. However, the achievement of such conditions can be difficult, especially in studies in small children, because strict, long-term dietary monitoring and sample collections are not well tolerated. Other dietary factors, which include vitamin D status and the presence of enhancers and inhibitors of calcium absorption, may have to be considered. However, for most healthy populations who do not have very low calcium intakes or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, other dietary factors will not be major determinants of the net calcium absorption or retention that will be used for the establishment of DRI values. Ultimately, DRI values must be chosen based on an attempt to achieve some targeted value for calcium absorption/retention or to maximize, within constraints, the overall calcium absorbed and retained. In children, it is important to use data obtained at the age and pubertal status being evaluated rather than to interpolate from data performed in other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abrams SA. Calcium absorption in infants and small children: methods of determination and recent findings. Nutrients 2010; 2:474-80. [PMID: 22254034 PMCID: PMC3257657 DOI: 10.3390/nu2040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining calcium bioavailability is important in establishing dietary calcium requirements. In infants and small children, previously conducted mass balance studies have largely been replaced by stable isotope-based studies. The ability to assess calcium absorption using a relatively short 24-hour urine collection without the need for multiple blood samples or fecal collections is a major advantage to this technique. The results of these studies have demonstrated relatively small differences in calcium absorption efficiency between human milk and currently available cow milk-based infant formulas. In older children with a calcium intake typical of Western diets, calcium absorption is adequate to meet bone mineral accretion requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent developments in mass spectrometric methodology, in particular the widespread adoption of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, have presented investigators with new opportunities to investigate micronutrient absorption and metabolism. This review focuses on recent reports of the use of stable isotope techniques to facilitate research into vitamin uptake and utilization in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Stable isotopes are used principally in two ways, as analytical standards in isotope dilution assays and as tracers in studies of physiology. There have been a number of advances in both fields recently for almost all of the vitamins. In particular, the effects of food preparation and meal composition on vitamin bioavailability are being probed more widely than before. SUMMARY A considerable amount of method development has been reported. We now have the opportunity to consolidate our understanding of vitamin metabolism to better inform the dietary recommendations for optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J C Bluck
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
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