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Li Z, Lu W, Yin F, Zeng P, Li H, Huang A. Overexpression of TNFSF11 reduces GPX4 levels and increases sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers in lung adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:340. [PMID: 38594779 PMCID: PMC11005202 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common and lethal subtype of lung cancer, continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Despite advances in targeted and immune therapies, only a minority of patients derive substantial benefits. As a result, the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to improve lung cancer treatment outcomes remains undiminished. METHODS In our study, we employed the TIMER database to scrutinize TNFSF11 expression across various cancer types. We further examined the differential expression of TNFSF11 in normal and tumor tissues utilizing the TCGA-LUAD dataset and tissue microarray, and probed the associations between TNFSF11 expression and clinicopathological parameters within the TCGA-LUAD dataset. We used the GSE31210 dataset for external validation. To identify genes strongly linked to TNFSF11, we engaged LinkedOmics and conducted a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis using the WEB-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolkit. Moreover, we investigated the function of TNFSF11 through gene knockdown or overexpression approaches and explore its function in tumor cells. The therapeutic impact of ferroptosis inducers in tumors overexpressing TNFSF11 were also investigated through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Through these extensive analyses, we shed light on the potential role of TNFSF11 in lung adenocarcinoma, underscoring potential therapeutic targets for this malignancy. RESULTS This research uncovers the overexpression of TNFSF11 in LUAD patients and its inverse correlation with peroxisome-related enzymes. By utilizing gene knockdown or overexpression assays, we found that TNFSF11 was negatively associated with GPX4. Furthermore, cells with TNFSF11 overexpression were relatively more sensitive to the ferroptosis inducers. CONCLUSIONS Our research has provided valuable insights into the role of TNFSF11, revealing its negative regulation of GPX4, which could be influential in crafting therapeutic strategies. These findings set the stage for further exploration into the mechanisms underpinning the relationship between TNFSF11 and GPX4, potentially opening up new avenues for precision medicine in the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Peiting Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Amin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Takeda T, Tsubaki M, Genno S, Tomita K, Nishida S. RANK/RANKL axis promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis of osteosarcoma via activating NF-κB pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113978. [PMID: 38382805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent primary bone tumors with a high degree of metastasis and poor prognosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular mechanism that contributes to the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and OS cells have been reported to exhibit EMT-like characteristics. Our previous studies have shown that the interaction between tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFRSF11A; also known as RANK) and its ligand TNFSF11 (also known as RANKL) promotes the EMT process in breast cancer cells. However, whether the interaction between RANK and RANKL enhances aggressive behavior by inducing EMT in OS cells has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we showed that the interaction between RANK and RANKL increased the migration, invasion, and metastasis of OS cells by promoting EMT. Importantly, we clarified that the RANK/RANKL axis induces EMT by activating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, the NF-κB inhibitor dimethyl fumarate (DMF) suppressed migration, invasion, and EMT in OS cells. Our results suggest that the RANK/RANKL axis may serve as a potential tumor marker and promising therapeutic target for OS metastasis. Furthermore, DMF may have clinical applications in the treatment of lung metastasis in patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Genno
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Tomita
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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Jiang D, Wang J, Chen Q, Wu J, Xu M, Yu X. Comprehensive conservative treatment for multiple metastases of skull osteosarcoma: A case report. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1037673. [PMID: 36779058 PMCID: PMC9909182 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1037673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skull osteosarcoma is relatively rare, and it is difficult to be diagnosed according to medical history and imaging examination due to the complex structure and diverse components of the brain. Consequently, there is only a limited number of patients who can undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy before the operation. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of osteosarcoma, there is still a "bottleneck" in the current treatment method which when pulmonary metastasis occurs, or surgical treatment is not Enneking appropriate. Under such circumstances, the choice of treatment can be an issue. Case A 16-year-old male patient with multiple metastases of skull osteosarcoma was reported. The patient suffered not only tinnitus and hearing loss in the right ear but also right facial paralysis and headache. The preoperative brain MRI showed a tumor in the right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) area. He underwent skull tumor resection at another hospital in November 2018, during which process the biopsy revealed epithelioid osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma. The patient had supplemental radiotherapy 1 month after surgery because of tumor recurrence. 32 months afterward, pulmonary metastases and multiple bone metastases were found. Then the patient underwent multiple conservative treatments which include Denosumab, Anlotinib, and DIA (cisplatin + ifosfamide + doxorubicin) chemotherapy at our hospital. After a series of 6 cycles of treatment, the patient can walk without aid. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) returned to a normal level. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) metabolism in all bone metastases decreased to normal except for the ones in the proximal left femur, and the FDG metabolism in the left femur is significantly lower than that before treatment. Multiple bone metastases showed different extents of high-density calcification, and the volume of the local bone metastases has been reduced significantly. The patient's condition stayed stable at latest follow-up. Conclusion We found that multiple conservative treatments, which include Denosumab, Anlotinib and DIA chemotherapy, can improve patients' life quality, and help avoid further osteolytic destruction for patients with skull osteosarcoma and multiple metastases. Its specific mechanism and scope of the application still need to be further studied.
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Reis IB, Tibo LHS, de Souza BR, Durán N, Fávaro WJ. OncoTherad® is an immunomodulator of biological response that downregulate RANK/RANKL signaling pathway and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04449-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hu B, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li Z, Jing Y, Yao J, Sun S. Research progress of bone-targeted drug delivery system on metastatic bone tumors. J Control Release 2022; 350:377-388. [PMID: 36007681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are common in malignant tumors and the effect of conventional treatment is limited. How to effectively inhibit tumor bone metastasis and deliver the drug to the bone has become an urgent issue to be solved. While bone targeting drug delivery systems have obvious advantages in the treatment of bone tumors. The research on bone-targeted anti-tumor therapy has made significant progress in recent years. We introduced the related tumor pathways of bone metastases. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in metastatic bone tumors. We introduce a drug-loading systems based on different environment-responsive nanocomposites for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic research. According to the process of bone metastases and the structure of bone tissue, we summarized the information on bone-targeting molecules. Bisphosphate has become the first choice of bone-targeted drug delivery carrier because of its affinity with hydroxyapatite in bone. Therefore, we sought to summarize the bone-targeting molecule of bisphosphate to identify the modification effect on bone-targeting. And this paper discusses the relationship between bisphosphate bone targeting molecular structure and drug delivery carriers, to provide some new ideas for the research and development of bone-targeting drug delivery carriers. Targeted therapy will make a more outstanding contribution to the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China.
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Chen Q, Wu J, Zheng K, Xu M, Hou Z, Yu X. Successful limb salvage in progressive proximal tibia osteosarcoma following denosumab chemotherapy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29812. [PMID: 35905210 PMCID: PMC9333532 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that originates in the mesenchymal tissue. It is the most common type of pleomorphic tumor occurring in children and adolescents. Currently, there is no established systematic treatment for OS that progresses during standard preoperative chemotherapy. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES We describe a 14-year-old male patient with a 4-month history of pain in the upper right leg. Based on the results of percutaneous biopsy, a diagnosis of OS was made. After admission, the patient was treated with first-line chemotherapy agents. After a single course of treatment, the tumor progressed locally and no limb salvage was feasible. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES Intervention with denosumab combined with chemotherapy led to a significant reduction in tumor volume and ossification of soft tissue, which successfully resulted in limb salvage rather than amputation. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent or distant metastasis at 6-month follow-up. LESSONS Treatment with receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand inhibitor denosumab combined with standard chemotherapy is effective for advanced OS progressing after chemotherapy. We recommend denosumab therapy for successful limb salvage in patients with high-grade OS associated with osteolytic bone destruction and refractory to preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwei Hou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuchun Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Origin and Therapies of Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143503. [PMID: 35884563 PMCID: PMC9322921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children, with a 5-year survival rate ranging from 70% to 20% depending on the aggressiveness of the disease. The current treatments have not evolved over the past four decades due in part to the genetic complexity of the disease and its heterogeneity. This review will summarize the current knowledge of OS origin, diagnosis and therapies. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone tumor, mainly affecting children and young adults. Despite therapeutic advances, the 5-year survival rate is 70% but drastically decreases to 20–30% for poor responders to therapies or for patients with metastasis. No real evolution of the survival rates has been observed for four decades, explained by poor knowledge of the origin, difficulties related to diagnosis and the lack of targeted therapies for this pediatric tumor. This review will describe a non-exhaustive overview of osteosarcoma disease from a clinical and biological point of view, describing the origin, diagnosis and therapies.
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EGCG regulated osteolytic microenvironment to enhance the antitumor effect of DOX on orthotopic osteosarcoma. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Puengel T, Weber B, Wirtz TH, Buendgens L, Loosen SH, Geisler L, Özdirik B, Karim H, Jhaisha SA, Brozat JF, Hohlstein P, Eisert A, Yagmur E, Trautwein C, Tacke F, Koch A. Low Serum Levels of Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κ B Ligand (sRANKL) Are Associated with Metabolic Dysregulation and Predict Long-Term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010062. [PMID: 35054232 PMCID: PMC8774641 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B ligand (sRANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and therefore, involved in various inflammatory processes. The role of sRANKL in the course of bone remodeling via activation of osteoclasts as well as chronic disease progression has been described extensively. However, the potential functional importance of sRANKL in critically ill or septic patients remained unknown. Therefore, we measured sRANKL serum concentrations in 303 critically ill patients, including 203 patients with sepsis and 100 with non-sepsis critical illness. Results were compared to 99 healthy controls. Strikingly, in critically ill patients sRANKL serum levels were significantly decreased at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p = 0.011) without differences between sepsis and non-sepsis patients. Inline, sRANKL was correlated with markers of metabolic dysregulation, such as pre-existing diabetes and various adipokines (e.g., adiponectin, leptin receptor). Importantly, overall mortality of critically ill patients in a three-year follow-up was significantly associated with decreased sRANKL serum concentrations at ICU admission (p = 0.038). Therefore, our study suggests sRANKL as a biomarker in critically ill patients which is associated with poor prognosis and overall survival beyond ICU stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (B.Ö.); (F.T.)
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beate Weber
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Lukas Buendgens
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Sven H. Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Lukas Geisler
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (B.Ö.); (F.T.)
| | - Burcin Özdirik
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (B.Ö.); (F.T.)
| | - Hamesch Karim
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Jonathan F. Brozat
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Philipp Hohlstein
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Albrecht Eisert
- Hospital Pharmacy, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eray Yagmur
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Western Palatinate Hospital, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (L.G.); (B.Ö.); (F.T.)
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (B.W.); (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (H.K.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.); (A.K.)
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Wang N, Yang S, Tan T, Huang Y, Chen Y, Dong C, Chen J, Luo X. Tetrandrine suppresses the growth of human osteosarcoma cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5870-5882. [PMID: 34477474 PMCID: PMC8806773 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumor among juvenile bone tumors, its treatment plan and clinical outcome have not improved significantly in recent decades. Tetrandrine (TET), a Chinese medicine that is usually used in the therapy of silicosis, hypertension and arthritis, has been confirmed by many studies to possess potent antitumour growth properties, but there are different limitations when describing specific mechanisms. Here, we found that TET can obviously prevent the proliferation, migration and invasion of both 143B and MG63 cells and promote their apoptosis in vitro. Our results for luciferase reporter and Western blotting assays show that TET may exert its antitumour activity by regulating multiplex signaling pathways, including the MAPK/Erk, PTEN/Akt, Juk and Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of TET on OS cells and related signaling pathways was verified again in vivo. Our findings suggest that the anticancer function of TET on human OS may be mediated by its targeting of multiple signaling pathways and that TET may be used as a single drug or in combination with other drugs during the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shengdong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Advances in immunotherapeutic targets for childhood cancers: A focus on glypican-2 and B7-H3. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107892. [PMID: 33992682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized how we can treat adult malignancies and are being translated to pediatric oncology. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies targeting CD19 have shown success for the treatment of pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody has demonstrated efficacy in neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the immunotherapeutic agents that have been approved for treating childhood cancers and provide an updated review of molecules expressed by pediatric cancers that are under study or are emerging candidates for future immunotherapies. Advances in our knowledge of tumor immunology and in genome profiling of cancers has led to the identification of new tumor-specific/associated antigens. While cell surface antigens are normally targeted in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner using antibody-based therapies, intracellular antigens are normally targeted with MHC-dependent T cell therapies. Glypican 2 (GPC2) and B7-H3 (CD276) are two cell surface antigens that are expressed by a variety of pediatric tumors such as neuroblastoma and potentially can have a positive impact on the treatment of pediatric cancers in the clinic.
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Chua HH, Tuan Sharif SE, Wan Ismail WFN, Zawawi MSF, Abdullah S. Evaluation of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) Expression in Osteosarcoma and Its Association with the Clinicopathological Data. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:741-747. [PMID: 33773537 PMCID: PMC8286667 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.3.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is one of the key regulators of bone remodelling in bone oncology, including osteosarcoma. We assessed RANKL immunohistochemical expression in osteosarcoma, its association, and disease-free survival with the patients' clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS One hundred osteosarcoma cases from 2003 to 2018 in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were retrieved. The tissue samples were stained for RANKL, and the association with the clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. Staining was interpreted in a semiquantitative scoring system and classified into negative and positive expressions. Results: Eighty-two cases had a positive expression of RANKL in which 56 and 26 patients were classified as low expression and high expression, respectively. The positive expression of RANKL did not show a significant association with clinicopathological characteristics. However, Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed a significant improvement in the disease-free survival patients who underwent limb salvage surgery (LSS) than amputated patients (p-value 0.002), whereas poorer survival was observed among conventional osteosarcomas compared to non-conventional osteosarcoma (p-value 0.01). CONCLUSION Limb salvage surgery had proven to improve osteosarcoma patients' survival compared to amputation, which could improve overall quality of life in osteosarcoma patients. However, our data did not show a significant association between positive RANKL immunohistochemistry with any of the clinicopathological characteristics and patients' final survival. Further studies may be acquired to understand the suitability of using RANKL immunohistochemistry as prognostication in the management of osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Heng Chua
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Faisham Nu'man Wan Ismail
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Syahrul Fitri Zawawi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarimah Abdullah
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
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13
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Huang Y, Shen Z, Yao Y, He A, Min D. The Plasma Concentration of D-Dimer is Associated with Neoadjuvant-Chemotherapy Efficacy and the Prognosis in Osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:213-220. [PMID: 33469302 PMCID: PMC7810700 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study explored the clinical value of the plasma D-dimer level in osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the plasma D-dimer level before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (D0) and the plasma D-dimer level after four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (D1) in 103 patients with stage-IIB high-grade osteosarcoma of the limb. The change in the D-dimer level (ΔD) was defined as D1 minus D0. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were undertaken to determine the optimal cutoff points for D0, D1, and ΔD. The area under the ROC (AUC) of D0, D1, and ΔD was calculated to evaluate their discriminatory abilities in monitoring the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (tumor necrosis). Survival curves were generated according to Kaplan-Meier analyses and compared using the Log rank test. Univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine independent prognostic factors. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a high D-dimer level at D0 and tumor diameter ≥8 cm were associated significantly with worse overall survival (OS) (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a high D-dimer level at D0 (hazard ratio, 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.756-5.804; P=0.000) was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. The chi-square test showed ΔD to be associated significantly with tumor necrosis. Analyses of ROC curves showed the D-dimer level at D0 and ΔD had better ability compared to that at D1 to discriminate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The D-dimer level was correlated with the prognosis and response to chemotherapy in patients with stage-IIB high-grade osteosarcoma of the limb. The D-dimer level may serve as a risk factor of the response to chemotherapy and prognosis of localized osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aina He
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Corre I, Verrecchia F, Crenn V, Redini F, Trichet V. The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex But Targetable Ecosystem. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040976. [PMID: 32326444 PMCID: PMC7226971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most frequent primary bone sarcomas, affecting mainly children, adolescents, and young adults, and with a second peak of incidence in elderly individuals. The current therapeutic management, a combined regimen of poly-chemotherapy and surgery, still remains largely insufficient, as patient survival has not improved in recent decades. Osteosarcomas are very heterogeneous tumors, both at the intra- and inter-tumor level, with no identified driver mutation. Consequently, efforts to improve treatments using targeted therapies have faced this lack of specific osteosarcoma targets. Nevertheless, these tumors are inextricably linked to their local microenvironment, composed of bone, stromal, vascular and immune cells and the osteosarcoma microenvironment is now considered to be essential and supportive for growth and dissemination. This review describes the different actors of the osteosarcoma microenvironment and gives an overview of the past, current, and future strategies of therapy targeting this complex ecosystem, with a focus on the role of extracellular vesicles and on the emergence of multi-kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
- CNRS GDR3697 MicroNit, F-37044 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Crenn
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantes Hospital, CHU Hotel-Dieu, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Francoise Redini
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Trichet
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
- CNRS GDR3697 MicroNit, F-37044 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (V.T.)
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15
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Valverde A, Serafín V, Montero‐Calle A, González‐Cortés A, Barderas R, Yáñez‐Sedeño P, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoarchitectures as Carriers for Signaling Elements in Electrochemical Immunosensors: First Biosensor for the Determination of the Inflammatory and Metastatic Processes Biomarker RANK‐ligand. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Valverde
- Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Verónica Serafín
- Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Montero‐Calle
- Chronic Disease ProgrammeUFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid Spain
| | - Araceli González‐Cortés
- Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease ProgrammeUFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez‐Sedeño
- Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Analytical Chemistry Dept., Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of Madrid. 28040 Madrid Spain
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16
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Marayati R, Quinn CH, Beierle EA. Immunotherapy in Pediatric Solid Tumors-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2022. [PMID: 31847387 PMCID: PMC6966467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of many pediatric solid tumors, children with aggressive and high-risk disease continue to have a dismal prognosis. For those presenting with metastatic or recurrent disease, multiple rounds of intensified chemotherapy and radiation are the typical course of action, but more often than not, this fails to control the progression of the disease. Thus, new therapeutics are desperately needed to improve the outcomes for these children. Recent advances in our understanding of both the immune system's biology and its interaction with tumors have led to the development of novel immunotherapeutics as alternative treatment options for these aggressive malignancies. Immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promising results for pediatric solid tumors in early clinical trials, but challenges remain concerning safety and anti-tumor efficacy. In this review, we aim to discuss and summarize the main classes of immunotherapeutics used to treat pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.); (C.H.Q.)
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17
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Pollock RE, Payne JE, Rogers AD, Smith SM, Iwenofu OH, Valerio IL, Zomerlei TA, Howard JH, Dornbos D, Galgano MA, Goulart C, Mendel E, Miller ED, Xu-Welliver M, Martin DD, Haglund KE, Bupathi M, Chen JL, Yeager ND. Multidisciplinary sarcoma care. Curr Probl Surg 2018; 55:517-580. [PMID: 30526918 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E Pollock
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
| | - Jason E Payne
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Alan D Rogers
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephen M Smith
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - O Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ian L Valerio
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - David Dornbos
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Ehud Mendel
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric D Miller
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Karl E Haglund
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - James L Chen
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicholas D Yeager
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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18
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Dai Z, Tang H, Pan Y, Chen J, Li Y, Zhu J. Gene expression profiles and pathway enrichment analysis of human osteosarcoma cells exposed to sorafenib. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:860-867. [PMID: 29744300 PMCID: PMC5929930 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is an inhibitor of a variety of tyrosine kinase receptors used to treat various cancers including hepatocellular, renal cell and thyroid carcinoma. It has been shown to change various targets associated with osteosarcoma, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In order to identify key genes, enriched pathways and important modules during the exposure of human osteosarcoma cells to sorafenib, data for gene expression profiles (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE53155) were downloaded from the GEO database. In total, 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the R bioconductor packages. Functional and enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed using the DAVID database. These revealed that DEGs were enriched in biological processes, molecular function and KEGG pathway of inflammatory immune response and angiogenesis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed by string and visualized in cytoscape, and eight genes were selected as hubs: IL8,CXCL2,PTGS2,FOS,CXCL1, C3,EHMT2 and PGF. Subsequently, only one cluster was identified by mcode, which consisted of six nodes (CXCL1,CXCL2,PTGS2,FOS, C3 and PGF) and nine edges. PGF was the seed gene in this cluster. In conclusion, the results of this data mining and integration should help in revealing new mechanisms and targets of sorafenib in inhibiting osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Dai
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Department of Minimally Invasive OrthopaedicFirst People's Hospital of HuaihuaJishou University of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalHuaihuaChina
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Junquan Chen
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yongping Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive OrthopaedicFirst People's Hospital of HuaihuaJishou University of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalHuaihuaChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive OrthopaedicFirst People's Hospital of HuaihuaJishou University of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalHuaihuaChina
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19
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Walia MK, Castillo-Tandazo W, Mutsaers AJ, Martin TJ, Walkley CR. Murine models of osteosarcoma: A piece of the translational puzzle. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4241-4250. [PMID: 29236321 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone in children and young adults. Despite extensive research efforts, there has been no significant improvement in patient outcome for many years. An improved understanding of the biology of this cancer and how genes frequently mutated contribute to OS may help improve outcomes for patients. While our knowledge of the mutational burden of OS is approaching saturation, our understanding of how these mutations contribute to OS initiation and maintenance is less clear. Murine models of OS have now been demonstrated to be highly valid recapitulations of human OS. These models were originally based on the frequent disruption of p53 and Rb in familial OS syndromes, which are also common mutations in sporadic OS. They have been applied to significantly improve our understanding about the functions of recurrently mutated genes in disease. The murine models can be used as a platform for preclinical testing and identifying new therapeutic targets, in addition to testing the role of additional mutations in vivo. Most recently these models have begun to be used for discovery based approaches and screens, which hold significant promise in furthering our understanding of the genetic and therapeutic sensitivities of OS. In this review, we discuss the mouse models of OS that have been reported in the last 3-5 years and newly identified pathways from these studies. Finally, we discuss the preclinical utilization of the mouse models of OS for identifying and validating actionable targets to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilson Castillo-Tandazo
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Thomas John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia
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20
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Harrison DJ, Geller DS, Gill JD, Lewis VO, Gorlick R. Current and future therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 18:39-50. [PMID: 29210294 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1413939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatment of osteosarcoma includes surgical resection of all gross disease in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy to control micro-metastatic disease. This yields a 5-year event free survival (EFS) of approximately 70% for patients with localized osteosarcoma while patients with metastatic or recurrent disease fare poorly with overall survival rates of less than 20%. Areas covered: This review outlines the current and future approach towards the treatment of osteosarcoma. A literature search was performed utilizing PubMed. Several recent clinical trials are reviewed in detail, as is innovative research evaluating novel agents and surgical techniques which hold promise. Expert commentary: The outcome for patients with osteosarcoma has not changed in several decades. This plateau in survival rates highlights the need for a novel approach towards research. There remains a great deal of interest in utilizing the very high risk population of recurrent osteosarcoma patients to rapidly and sequentially evaluate novel agents to determine if any of these agents hold promise. Several phase II studies are ongoing or in development that offer hope based on intriguing preclinical data. Furthermore, initiatives in obtaining specimens to further explore the genetic and immunological profile behind osteosarcoma will be essential towards identifying novel pathways and targets to exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Harrison
- a Department of Pediatrics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - David S Geller
- b Montefiore Medical Center and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore , The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jonathan D Gill
- a Department of Pediatrics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Valerae O Lewis
- a Department of Pediatrics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- a Department of Pediatrics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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21
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Kushlinskii NE, Gershtein ES, Solov’ev YN, Timofeev YS, Babkina IV, Dolinkin AO, Zuev AA, Kostyleva OI. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Transcription Factor NF-κB (RANK), Its Ligand RANKL, and Natural Inhibitor of RANKL Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the Blood Serum of Patients with Primary Bone Tumors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:478-481. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zeng M, Xie J, Lei P, Li K, Hu Y. Role of RANK and Akt1 activation in human osteosarcoma progression: A clinicopathological study. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2862-2866. [PMID: 28587351 PMCID: PMC5450667 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) axis is the fundamental signaling pathway in bone formation as well as bone tumor pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the expression of RANK and its downstream signaling molecule Akt1 on tumor progression in patients with osteosarcoma. Expression of RANK and Akt1 was examined in 78 human osteosarcoma samples by immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed samples. Following this, each graded immunohistochemistry result was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. In total, 60 osteosarcomas (76.9%) expressed RANK and 58 cases (74.4%) showed expression of Akt1. In addition, expression of RANK was negatively correlated with disease-free survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A resistance was observed to chemotherapy in RANK-expressing cases, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, chemotherapy and staging of the tumor were found to independent factors that have an effect on patient survival (P<0.05). Thus, RANK was identified as a negative prognostic factor of osteosarcoma survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kanghua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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23
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Naumnik W, Płońska I, Ossolińska M, Nikliński J, Naumnik B. Prognostic Value of Osteoprotegerin and sRANKL in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1047:1-6. [PMID: 29052177 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL). OPG promotes endothelial cell survival and neoangiogenesis. Dysregulation of the OPG/RANKL system has been detected in several tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of OPG and sRANKL assessment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We measured the concentration of OPG and sRANKL in BALF of 44 NSCLC patients and 15 healthy volunteers taken as control subjects. The OPG content was higher in the NSCLC group than that in controls [0.48 (0.12-1.45) vs. 0.23 (0.14-0.75) pmol/l; p = 0.0001]. There were no significant differences in sRANKL content between the NSCLC and control groups [1.22 (0.74-23.00) vs. 1.12 (0.79-4.39) pmol/l; p = 0.67]. However, we found that the greater the level of sRANKL in NSCLC patients, the shorter the overall survival. We found a correlation between the content of sRANKL and the percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of NSCLC patients (r = 0.52; p = 0.041). We conclude that NSCLC patients have a higher content of OPG in BALF than healthy people. A high level of sRANKL in BALF of NSCLC patients may predict worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Naumnik
- First Department of Lung Diseases and Chemotherapy of Respiratory Neoplasms, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, PL 15-54, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - I Płońska
- Municipal Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Ossolińska
- First Department of Lung Diseases and Chemotherapy of Respiratory Neoplasms, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, PL 15-54, Bialystok, Poland
| | - J Nikliński
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - B Naumnik
- First Department of Nephrology and Transplantation with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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24
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Sambandam Y, Sakamuri S, Balasubramanian S, Haque A. RANK Ligand Modulation of Autophagy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:118-25. [PMID: 26095774 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process to recycle nutrients and has been implicated in cancer treatment. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer which ranks 3% of cancers in men and 2% in women. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of OSCC tumor specimens from human subjects and an athymic mouse model demonstrated high levels of autophagy markers LC3-II and ATG5 expression. Further, we identified high levels LC3-II expression in OSCC tumor cell lines (SCC-1, SCC-12, and SCC-14a) compared to normal human epithelial (RWPE-1) cells. OSCC cells express high levels of RANK ligand (RANKL); however, a functional role in autophagy is unknown. Interestingly, RANKL stimulation significantly increased autophagosome-related gene expressions such as LC3, ATG5, BECN1, and PI3KC3 mRNA expression in OSCC cells. Further, Western blot analysis of total cell lysates demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in LC3-II and ATG5 expression in RANKL-stimulated cells. In addition, RANKL increased expression of LC3-I and LC3-II, essential for autophagosome formation. Confocal microscopy analysis of LC3-II and localization with lysosome further confirms autophagosome formation in response to RANKL treatment in OSCC cells. Collectively, our results indicate a novel function of RANKL to induce autophagosome formation, and could be a potential therapeutic target to control OSCC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Sambandam
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
| | - Sashank Sakamuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
| | | | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
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25
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Re-calculating! Navigating through the osteosarcoma treatment roadblock. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:54-64. [PMID: 27940205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The survival rates for patients with osteosarcoma have remained almost static for the past three decades. Current standard of care therapy includes chemotherapies such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and methotrexate along with complete surgical resection and surgery with or without ifosfamide and etoposide for relapse, though outcomes are hoped to be improved through clinical trials. Additionally, increased understanding of the genetics, signaling pathways and microenvironmental factors driving the disease have led to the identification of promising agents and potential paths towards translation of an exciting array of novel targeted therapies. Here, we review the mechanism of action of these emerging therapies and how, with clinical translation, they can potentially improve the survival rates for osteosarcoma patients in the near future.
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26
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Heymann MF, Brown HK, Heymann D. Drugs in early clinical development for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1265-1280. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1237503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue 2012, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- European Associated Laboratory, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah K. Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- European Associated Laboratory, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue 2012, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
- European Associated Laboratory, Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School, INSERM-University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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27
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Chen Y, Di Grappa MA, Molyneux SD, McKee TD, Waterhouse P, Penninger JM, Khokha R. RANKL blockade prevents and treats aggressive osteosarcomas. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:317ra197. [PMID: 26659571 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer, which occurs primarily in children and adolescents, severely affecting survivors' quality of life. Despite its chemosensitivity and treatment advances, long-term survival rates for OS patients have stagnated over the last 20 years. Thus, it is necessary to develop new molecularly targeted therapies for this metastatic bone cancer. Mutations in TP53 and RB are linked to OS predisposition and to the evolution of spontaneous OS. We established receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) as a therapeutic target for suppression and prevention of OS. Combined conditional osteoblast-specific deletions of Rb, p53, and the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit Prkar1α genes in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) generate aggressive osteosarcomas, characterized by PKA, RANKL, and osteoclast hyperactivity. Whole-body Rankl deletion completely abrogates tumorigenesis. Although osteoblastic Rank deletion has little effect, osteoclastic Rank deletion delays tumorigenesis and prolongs life span. The latter is associated with inactivation of osteoclastogenesis and up-regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Further, we use these GEMMs as preclinical platforms to show that RANKL blockade with RANK-Fc arrests tumor progression and improves survival and also inhibits lung metastasis. Moreover, preemptive administration of RANK-Fc completely prevents tumorigenesis in mice highly predisposed to this aggressive cancer. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, is currently used to treat patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases. Our studies provide a strong rationale to consider RANKL blockade for the treatment and prevention of aggressive RANKL-overexpressing OS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marco A Di Grappa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sam D Molyneux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response (STTARR) Program, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paul Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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28
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Adamopoulos C, Gargalionis AN, Piperi C, Papavassiliou AG. Recent Advances in Mechanobiology of Osteosarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:232-236. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens 11527 Greece
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29
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Abstract
Oncogenic events combined with a favourable environment are the two main factors in the oncological process. The tumour microenvironment is composed of a complex, interconnected network of protagonists, including soluble factors such as cytokines, extracellular matrix components, interacting with fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and various specific cell types depending on the location of the cancer cells (e.g. pulmonary epithelium, osteoblasts). This diversity defines specific "niches" (e.g. vascular, immune, bone niches) involved in tumour growth and the metastatic process. These actors communicate together by direct intercellular communications and/or in an autocrine/paracrine/endocrine manner involving cytokines and growth factors. Among these glycoproteins, RANKL (receptor activator nuclear factor-κB ligand) and its receptor RANK (receptor activator nuclear factor), members of the TNF and TNFR superfamilies, have stimulated the interest of the scientific community. RANK is frequently expressed by cancer cells in contrast with RANKL which is frequently detected in the tumour microenvironment and together they participate in every step in cancer development. Their activities are markedly regulated by osteoprotegerin (OPG, a soluble decoy receptor) and its ligands, and by LGR4, a membrane receptor able to bind RANKL. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the functional implication of the RANK/RANKL system in cancer development, and to underline the most recent clinical studies.
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30
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Jackson TM, Bittman M, Granowetter L. Pediatric Malignant Bone Tumors: A Review and Update on Current Challenges, and Emerging Drug Targets. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2016; 46:213-228. [PMID: 27265835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are the most common malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents. While significant improvements in survival have been seen in other pediatric malignancies the treatment and prognosis for pediatric bone tumors has remained unchanged for the past 3 decades. This review and update of pediatric malignant bone tumors will provide a general overview of osteosarcoma and the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, discuss bone tumor genomics, current challenges, and emerging drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twana M Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Mark Bittman
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Linda Granowetter
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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31
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Yamagishi T, Kawashima H, Ogose A, Ariizumi T, Sasaki T, Hatano H, Hotta T, Endo N. Receptor-Activator of Nuclear KappaB Ligand Expression as a New Therapeutic Target in Primary Bone Tumors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154680. [PMID: 27163152 PMCID: PMC4862691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-activator of nuclear kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of bone growth and mediates the formation and activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are involved in significant bone resorption and destruction. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL that specifically inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. It has been approved for use for multiple myeloma and bone metastases, as well as for giant cell tumor of bone. However, there is no previous report quantitatively, comparing RANKL expression in histologically varied bone tumors. Therefore, we analyzed the mRNA level of various bone tumors and investigated the possibility of these tumors as a new therapeutic target for denosumab. We examined RANKL mRNA expression in 135 clinical specimens of primary and metastatic bone tumors using real-time PCR. The relative quantification of mRNA expression levels was performed via normalization with RPMI8226, a human multiple myeloma cell line that is recognized to express RANKL. Of 135 cases, 64 were also evaluated for RANKL expression by using immunohistochemistry. Among all of the tumors investigated, RANKL expression and the RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio were highest in giant cell tumor of bone. High RANKL mRNA expression was observed in cases of aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma, as compared to cases of multiple myeloma and bone lesions from metastatic carcinoma. RANKL-positive stromal cells were detected in six cases: five cases of GCTB and one case of fibrous dysplasia. The current study findings indicate that some primary bone tumors present new therapeutic targets for denosumab, particularly those tumors expressing RANKL and those involving bone resorption by osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Yamagishi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Ogose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Ariizumi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taro Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hatano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hotta
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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32
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Adamopoulos C, Gargalionis AN, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Deciphering signaling networks in osteosarcoma pathobiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1296-305. [PMID: 27190271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216648806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of primary bone tumors among children and adolescents. During the past years, little progress has been made regarding prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, especially for those with metastatic disease. Genomic instability and gene alterations are common, but current data do not reveal a consistent and repeatable pattern of osteosarcoma development, thus paralleling the tumor's high heterogeneity. Critical signal transduction pathways have been implicated in osteosarcoma pathobiology and are being evaluated as therapeutic targets, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK), Wnt, Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and mechanotransduction pathways. Herein, we recapitulate and discuss recent advances in the context of molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, towards patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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33
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Shaikh AB, Li F, Li M, He B, He X, Chen G, Guo B, Li D, Jiang F, Dang L, Zheng S, Liang C, Liu J, Lu C, Liu B, Lu J, Wang L, Lu A, Zhang G. Present Advances and Future Perspectives of Molecular Targeted Therapy for Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:506. [PMID: 27058531 PMCID: PMC4848962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone cancer mostly occurring in pediatric population. Current treatment regime of surgery and intensive chemotherapy could cure about 60%-75% patients with primary osteosarcoma, however only 15% to 30% can be cured when pulmonary metastasis or relapse has taken place. Hence, novel precise OS-targeting therapies are being developed with the hope of addressing this issue. This review summarizes the current development of molecular mechanisms and targets for osteosarcoma. Therapies that target these mechanisms with updated information on clinical trials are also reviewed. Meanwhile, we further discuss novel therapeutic targets and OS-targeting drug delivery systems. In conclusion, a full insight in OS pathogenesis and OS-targeting strategies would help us explore novel targeted therapies for metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atik Badshah Shaikh
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Fangfei Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China.
| | - Bing He
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Guofen Chen
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Defang Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Lei Dang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Shaowei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou 516000, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Biao Liu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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34
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Kopp LM, Katsanis E. Targeted immunotherapy for pediatric solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1087637. [PMID: 27141344 PMCID: PMC4839383 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1087637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic and refractory pediatric solid tumor malignancies continue to have a poor outcome despite the > 80% cure rates appreciated in many pediatric cancers. Targeted immunotherapy is impacting treatment and survival in these aggressive tumors. We review current promising immunotherapeutic approaches in the pediatric oncology solid tumor setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Kopp
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz, USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz, USA
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35
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Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, which signals through the osteoclast surface RANK. As such, RANKL is required for osteoclast differentiation and function, namely bone resorption. There is now growing evidence that RANKL is a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal neoplasms, namely giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Cote
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Quattrini I, Pollino S, Pazzaglia L, Conti A, Novello C, Ferrari C, Pignotti E, Picci P, Benassi MS. Prognostic role of nuclear factor/IB and bone remodeling proteins in metastatic giant cell tumor of bone: A retrospective study. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1205-11. [PMID: 25764026 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb) represents 5% of bone tumors, and although considered benign, 5% metastasize to the lung. The expression of proteins directly or indirectly associated with osteolysis and tumor growth was studied on 163 samples of GCTb. Of these, 33 patients developed lung metastasis during follow-up. The impact of tumor-host interaction on clinical aspects was evaluated with the aim of finding specific markers for new biological therapies, thus improving clinical management of GCTb. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis on Tissue Microarray. The majority of GCTb samples from patients with metastatic disease were strongly positive to RANKL and its receptor RANK as well as to CAII and MMP-2 and to pro-survival proteins NFIB and c-Fos. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significant difference in metastasis free survival curves based on protein staining. Interestingly, the statistical correlation established a strong association between all variables studied with a higher τ coefficient for RANK/RANKL, RANK/NFIB, and RANKL/NFIB pairs. At multivariate analysis co-overexpression of NFIB, RANK and RANKL significantly increased the risk of metastasis with an odds ratio of 13.59 (95%CI 4.12-44.82; p < 0.0005). In conclusion, the interconnection between matrix remodeling and tumor cell activity may identify tumor-host endpoints for new biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Quattrini
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Pollino
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Amalia Conti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Novello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elettra Pignotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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37
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Rivera-Valentin RK, Zhu L, Hughes DPM. Bone Sarcomas in Pediatrics: Progress in Our Understanding of Tumor Biology and Implications for Therapy. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17:257-71. [PMID: 26002157 PMCID: PMC4516866 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-015-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pediatric bone sarcomas osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma represent a tremendous challenge for the clinician. Though less common than acute lymphoblastic leukemia or brain tumors, these aggressive cancers account for a disproportionate amount of the cancer morbidity and mortality in children, and have seen few advances in survival in the past decade, despite many large, complicated, and expensive trials of various chemotherapy combinations. To improve the outcomes of children with bone sarcomas, a better understanding of the biology of these cancers is needed, together with informed use of targeted therapies that exploit the unique biology of each disease. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of receptor tyrosine kinases, intracellular signaling pathways, bone biology and physiology, the immune system, and the tumor microenvironment in promoting and maintaining the malignant phenotype. These observations are coupled with a review of the therapies that target each of these mechanisms, focusing on recent or ongoing clinical trials if such information is available. It is our hope that, by better understanding the biology of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, rational combination therapies can be designed and systematically tested, leading to improved outcomes for a group of children who desperately need them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio K. Rivera-Valentin
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children’s Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, MOD 1.021d, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Limin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children’s Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, MOD 1.021d, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dennis P. M. Hughes
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children’s Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 853, MOD 1.021d, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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38
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Alfranca A, Martinez-Cruzado L, Tornin J, Abarrategi A, Amaral T, de Alava E, Menendez P, Garcia-Castro J, Rodriguez R. Bone microenvironment signals in osteosarcoma development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3097-113. [PMID: 25935149 PMCID: PMC11113487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone is a complex connective tissue composed of many different cell types such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells, among others. The interaction between them is finely balanced through the processes of bone formation and bone remodeling, which regulates the production and biological activity of many soluble factors and extracellular matrix components needed to maintain the bone homeostasis in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Osteosarcoma (OS) emerges in this complex environment as a result of poorly defined oncogenic events arising in osteogenic lineage precursors. Increasing evidence supports that similar to normal development, the bone microenvironment (BME) underlies OS initiation and progression. Here, we recapitulate the physiological processes that regulate bone homeostasis and review the current knowledge about how OS cells and BME communicate and interact, describing how these interactions affect OS cell growth, metastasis, cancer stem cell fate and therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu Alfranca
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Cell Therapy Program, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Castro
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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39
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Branstetter D, Rohrbach K, Huang LY, Soriano R, Tometsko M, Blake M, Jacob AP, Dougall WC. RANK and RANK ligand expression in primary human osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2015; 4:59-68. [PMID: 27556008 PMCID: PMC4986823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is an essential mediator of osteoclast formation, function and survival. In patients with solid tumor metastasis to the bone, targeting the bone microenvironment by inhibition of RANKL using denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to RANKL, has been demonstrated to prevent tumor-induced osteolysis and subsequent skeletal complications. Recently, a prominent functional role for the RANKL pathway has emerged in the primary bone tumor giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Expression of both RANKL and RANK is extremely high in GCTB tumors and denosumab treatment was associated with tumor regression and reduced tumor-associated bone lysis in GCTB patients. In order to address the potential role of the RANKL pathway in another primary bone tumor, this study assessed human RANKL and RANK expression in human primary osteosarcoma (OS) using specific mAbs, validated and optimized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) or flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate RANKL expression was observed in the tumor element in 68% of human OS using IHC. However, the staining intensity was relatively low and only 37% (29/79) of samples exhibited≥10% RANKL positive tumor cells. RANK expression was not observed in OS tumor cells. In contrast, RANK expression was clearly observed in other cells within OS samples, including the myeloid osteoclast precursor compartment, osteoclasts and in giant osteoclast cells. The intensity and frequency of RANKL and RANK staining in OS samples were substantially less than that observed in GCTB samples. The observation that RANKL is expressed in OS cells themselves suggests that these tumors may mediate an osteoclastic response, and anti-RANKL therapy may potentially be protective against bone pathologies in OS. However, the absence of RANK expression in primary human OS cells suggests that any autocrine RANKL/RANK signaling in human OS tumor cells is not operative, and anti-RANKL therapy would not directly affect the tumor.
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Key Words
- APC, allophycocyanin
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- Antibodies
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FFPE, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
- GCTB, giant cell tumor of bone
- Human osteosarcoma
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- IgG1, immunoglobulin G1
- Immunohistochemistry
- LN, lymph node
- OS, osteosarcoma
- Protein expression
- RANK
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B
- RANKL
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Ya Huang
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mark Tometsko
- Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle Blake
- Department of Hematology/Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
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Trieb K, Windhager R. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB expression is a prognostic factor in human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1813-1815. [PMID: 26622756 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), a member of the tumour necrosis factor family, is activated by its ligand and regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts and dendritic cells. Local growth of osteosarcoma involves destruction of the host bone by osteoclasts and proteolytic mechanisms. Although the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma has been improved by advances in chemotherapy over the last four decades, the issues of non-responders, and the lack of effective prognostic markers have remained. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of RANK expression in human osteosarcoma. The expression of RANK was immunohistochemically evaluated in biopsies of 43 patients (mean age 25.4 years) with high-grade osteosarcoma, and was found to be correlated with histological response to chemotherapy, disease-free status and overall survival. RANK expression was detected in eight of the 43 osteosarcoma specimens (18%), whereas the remaining specimens were negative for RANK. A statistically significant correlation was detected between RANK expression and the overall survival of patients. A total of 7/8 patients with RANK-expressing tumours succumbed to the disease (88% mortality rate amongst patients with RANK-positive tumours vs. 37% with RANK-negative tumours; P<0.05). No significant difference was found when comparing RANK expression status with response to chemotherapy; 50% of RANK-positive patients exhibited a poor response to chemotherapy, compared with 66% in the RANK negative group. In addition, the appearance of metastases was not correlated with RANK expression status (38% metastases in RANK-positive tumours vs. 34% in RANK-negative tumours). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that RANK expression is likely to be of prognostic, but not of predictive, value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Trieb
- Department of Orthopaedics, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels A-4600, Austria ; Department of Orthopaedics, Klinikum Frankfurt (Oder), Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg 15236, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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Abstract
The receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signalling pathway represents a promising target for the therapy of bone-related tumours. In the present study we evaluated the impact of the expression of RANK and its ligand (RANKL) on survival and response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients.Expression of RANK and RANKL was examined in 91 human osteosarcomas by immunohistochemistry using formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour samples. Results of the stainings were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.Sixty-three osteosarcomas (69.2%) expressed RANK, whereas only eight cases (8.8%) showed expression of RANKL. Expression of RANK was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p=0.031). We further observed worse response to chemotherapy in RANK expressing tumours, which was statistically not significant (p=0.099). RANKL expression was significantly more frequent in osteosarcoma of the lower extremity than in any other location. Analysis of RANKL expression did not reveal any statistically significant correlation with disease-free or osteosarcoma-specific survival.In our study, we identified RANK expression as a negative prognostic factor regarding disease-free survival in osteosarcoma. Moreover, RANK might modulate response of human osteosarcoma to chemotherapy. Therefore, RANK signalling cascade is likely to provide a novel alternative to targeted therapy of osteosarcoma and deserves further investigation.
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Qiao B, Shui W, Cai L, Guo S, Jiang D. Human mesenchymal stem cells as delivery of osteoprotegerin gene: homing and therapeutic effect for osteosarcoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:969-76. [PMID: 25733814 PMCID: PMC4338779 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s77116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological treatments have been studied extensively and previous studies have proved that osteoprotegerin (OPG) can inhibit the development and progress of human osteosarcoma. However, the utility of biologic agents for cancer therapy has a short half-life, which can hardly deliver to and function in tumor sites efficiently. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to migrate to tumor sites. In this study, MSCs transfected with adenoviruses carrying the OPG gene (MSCs-OPG) were used via the tail vein to treat athymic nude mice (nu/nu) bearing osteosarcoma. In vivo and ex vivo images were used to validate the MSCs homing to tumors. The therapeutic effect for osteosarcoma was evaluated by observations on growth of tumors and bone destruction. The results showed that infected MSCs-OPG labeled with red fluorescent protein (RFP) can migrate to tumor sites and express OPG protein. The treatment by MSCs-OPG reduced the tumor growth and inhibited bone destruction in vivo. All these indicated that MSCs can deliver OPG to tumor sites, which could be a new direction of biological treatment for human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuquan Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Cathomas R, Rothermundt C, Bode B, Fuchs B, von Moos R, Schwitter M. RANK ligand blockade with denosumab in combination with sorafenib in chemorefractory osteosarcoma: a possible step forward? Oncology 2014; 88:257-60. [PMID: 25531914 DOI: 10.1159/000369975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no established systemic treatment option for unresectable osteosarcoma progressing after standard chemotherapy. A recently published clinical trial has demonstrated some activity of sorafenib in this situation. Preclinical research suggests a role for the inhibition of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand (RANKL), but no clinical data have been reported so far. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with unresectable osteoblastic, osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma in the C7/Th1 vertebra. The tumour progressed locally despite two lines of chemotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy. On treatment with sorafenib and denosumab, a complete metabolic remission was achieved and is ongoing for over 18 months. Immunohistochemistry revealed an overexpression of RANK and RANKL in the patient's primary tumour. DISCUSSION This is the first report of activity achieved by the combination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib and the RANKL inhibitor denosumab in a patient with osteosarcoma. It confirms preclinical data on RANK/RANKL inhibition in osteosarcoma and could serve as a hypothesis-generating approach for clinical trials in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cathomas
- Division of Oncology/Haematology, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
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Abstract
For the past 30 years, improvements in the survival of patients with osteosarcoma have been mostly incremental. Despite evidence of genomic instability and a high frequency of chromothripsis and kataegis, osteosarcomas carry few recurrent targetable mutations, and trials of targeted agents have been generally disappointing. Bone has a highly specialized immune environment and many immune signalling pathways are important in bone homeostasis. The success of the innate immune stimulant mifamurtide in the adjuvant treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma suggests that newer immune-based treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, may substantially improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kansara
- 1] Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele W Teng
- 1] Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- 1] Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- 1] Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia. [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia. [3] The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, 2010, New South Wales, Australia
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Kushlinskii NE, Timofeev YS, Solov’ev YN, Gerstein ES, Lyubimova NV, Bulycheva IV. Components of the RANK/RANKL/OPG System, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, MMP-2, and Calcitonin in the Sera of Patients with Bone Tumors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:520-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ohba T, Cole HA, Cates JMM, Slosky DA, Haro H, Ando T, Schwartz HS, Schoenecker JG. Bisphosphonates inhibit osteosarcoma-mediated osteolysis via attenuation of tumor expression of MCP-1 and RANKL. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1431-45. [PMID: 24443409 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and accounts for around 50% of all primary skeletal malignancies. In addition to novel chemotherapies, there is a need for adjuvant therapies designed to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation and tumor-induced osteolysis to attenuate tumor expansion and metastasis. As such, studies on the efficacy of bisphosphonates on human osteosarcoma are planned after feasibility studies determined that the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL) can be safely combined with conventional chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for, and means of inhibiting, osteosarcoma-induced osteolysis are largely unknown. We establish that osteosarcoma growth directly correlates with tumor-induced osteolysis and activation of osteoclasts in vivo. In vitro, tumor cells were determined to expresses surface, but not soluble, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and stimulated osteoclastogenesis in a manner directly proportional to their malignant potential. In addition, an aggressive osteosarcoma cell line was shown to secrete monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), resulting in robust monocyte migration. Because MCP-1 is a key cytokine for monocyte recruitment and surface-bound RANKL strongly supports local osteoclastogenesis, we suggest that high levels of these signaling molecules are associated with the aggressive potential of osteosarcoma. Consistent with these findings, abundant expression of RANKL/MCP-1 was observed in tumor in vivo, and MCP-1 plasma levels strongly correlated with tumor progression and osteolysis. ZOL administration directly attenuates osteosarcoma production of RANKL/MCP-1, reducing tumor-induced bone destruction. In vivo, these findings also correlated with significant reduction in osteosarcoma growth. ZOL attenuates tumor-induced osteolysis, not only through direct inhibition of osteoclasts, but also through direct actions on tumor expression of osteoclast activators. These data provide insight regarding the effect of ZOL on osteosarcoma essential for designing the planned upcoming prospective randomized trials to determine the efficacy of bisphosphonates on osteosarcoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Finney J, Kent PM, Batus M. Future directions for pediatric and young adult bone sarcoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2013; 37:225-35. [PMID: 24238588 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Co-expression of CD44+/RANKL+ tumor cells in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Odontology 2013; 103:36-49. [PMID: 23979059 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) signaling helps putative cancer stem cells (CSC) to maintain their stemness. Expression of CD44 and RANKL was analyzed in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimen (n = 191). Moreover, RANKL expression was measured in cancer cell lines (BICR3, BICR56) by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Scanned images were digitally analyzed using ImageJ and the immunomembrane plug-in. CD44 and RANKL expression on protein level was correlated with clinical characteristics and impact on survival. RANKL was co-labeled with CD44 in immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double labeling experiments. Although high CD44+/RANKL+ co-expression was significantly associated with clinicopathological factors and worse survival, multivariate analysis did not demonstrate high CD44+/RANKL+ co-expression as independent prognostic factor. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double labeling experiments revealed RANKL expression by CD44+ cancer cells. RANKL specificity was confirmed by western blot analysis. For the first time, this study provides evidence that RANKL expression in OSCC might be associated with disease recurrence and a cell compartment measured by CD44+/RANKL+ co-expression within the mucosal epithelial basal layer cells.
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Redini F, Odri GA, Picarda G, Gaspar N, Heymann MF, Corradini N, Heymann D. Drugs targeting the bone microenvironment: new therapeutic tools in Ewing's sarcoma? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2013; 18:339-52. [PMID: 23957761 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2013.823948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent malignant primary bone tumour in children, adolescents and young adults. The overall survival is 60 - 70% at 5 years but still very poor for patients with metastases, disease relapse or for those not responding to chemotherapy. For these high risk patients, new therapeutic approaches are needed beyond conventional therapies (chemotherapy, surgery and radiation) such as targeted therapies. AREAS COVERED Transcriptomic and genomic analyses in ES have revealed alterations in genes that control signalling pathways involved in many other cancer types. To set up more specific approaches, it is reasonable to think that the particular microenvironment of these bone tumours is essential for their initiation and progression, including in ES. To support this hypothesis, preclinical studies using drugs targeting bone cells (bisphosphonate zoledronate, anti-receptor activator of NF-κB ligand strategies) showed promising results in animal models. This review will discuss the new targeted therapeutic options in ES, focusing more particularly on the ones modulating the bone microenvironment. EXPERT OPINION Targeting the microenvironment represents a new option for patients with ES. The proof-of-concept has been demonstrated in preclinical studies using relevant animal models, especially for zoledronate, which induced a strong inhibition of tumour progression in an orthotopic bone model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR-957, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012 , Nantes, F-44035, France.
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Conti A, Espina V, Chiechi A, Magagnoli G, Novello C, Pazzaglia L, Quattrini I, Picci P, Liotta LA, Benassi MS. Mapping protein signal pathway interaction in sarcoma bone metastasis: linkage between rank, metalloproteinases turnover and growth factor signaling pathways. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 31:15-24. [PMID: 23877430 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We applied reverse phase protein microarrays technology to map signal pathway interactions in a discovery set of 34 soft tissue sarcoma (STS) bone metastases compared to healthy bone. Proteins associated with matrix remodeling (MMP), adhesion (FAK Y576/577, Syndecan-1), and growth/survival (IGF1R Y1135/1136, PI3K, EGFR) were elevated in metastasis compared to normal bone. Linkage between Syndecan-1, FAK Y576/577, Shc Y317, and EGFR, IGF Y1135/1136, PI3K/AKT was a prominent feature of STS bone metastasis. Elevated linkage between RANKL and 4EBP1 T37/46, EGFR, IGF1R Y1135/1136, Src Y41, Shc Y317, PI3Kp110γ was associated with short survival. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that signal pathway proteins augmented in the STS bone metastasis may provide clues to understand the subset of primary STS that metastasize. The most representative molecules identified in the discovery set were validated on an independent series of 82 primary STS by immunohistochemistry applied to a tissue microarray. The goal was to correlate the molecular profile in the primary tumors with a higher likelihood of metastasis. Elevation of activated kinase substrate endpoints IRS1 S612, 4EBP1 T37/46, FAK Y576/577 and loss of Fibronectin, were associated with a higher likelihood of metastases. These data indicate that the linkage between matrix remodeling, adhesion, and growth signaling may drive STS metastasis and can be the basis for prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Conti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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