1
|
Norouzi H, Dastan D, Abdullah FO, Al-Qaaneh AM. Recent advances in methods of extraction, pre-concentration, purification, identification, and quantification of kaempferol. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465297. [PMID: 39243588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
As a naturally widely-occurring dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic flavonoid, kaempferol has gained much consideration for its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties in recent years. Although there have been performed a high number of studies associated with different aspects of kaempferol's analytical investigations, the lack of a comprehensive summary of the various methods and other plant sources that have been reported for this compound is being felt, especially for many biological applications. This study, aimed to provide a detailed compilation consisting of sources (plant species) and analytical information that was precisely related to the natural flavonoid (kaempferol). There is a trend in analytical research that supports the application of modern eco-friendly instruments and methods. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is the most general advanced method used widely today for the extraction of kaempferol. During recent years, there is an increasing tendency towards the identification of kaempferol by different methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fuad O Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.
| | - Ayman M Al-Qaaneh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt 19117 Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ilyas UK, Elayadeth-Meethal M, Kuruniyan MS, Quadri SA, Rajasree R, Naseef PP. Densitometric Quantification and Optimization of Polyphenols in Phyllanthus maderaspatensis by HPTLC. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1521-1529. [PMID: 35280567 PMCID: PMC8913410 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying and optimizing the polyphenol content of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis was accomplished using a single-solvent HPTLC system. Analyzing hydroalcoholic extracts for kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid, we simultaneously quantified and optimized their concentration. In the experiment, the methanol to water ratio (%), temperature (°C), and time of extraction (min) were all optimized using a Box-Behnken statistical design. Kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid were among the dependent variables analyzed. In the HPTLC separation, silica gel 60F254 plates were used, and toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (5:4:1) made up the mobile phase. For kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid, densitometric measurements were carried out using the absorbance mode at 254 nm. Hydroalcoholic extract of P. maderaspatensis contains rutin (0.344), catechin (2.62), gallic acid (0.93), ellagic acid (0.172), quercetin (0.0108) and kaempferol (0.06). Further, it may be affected by more than one factor at a time, resulting in a varying degree of reaction. A negative correlation was found between X1 (extraction time (min)) and X2 (temperature), as well as X1 and X3 (solvent ratios). Taking these characteristics into consideration, the method outlined here is a validated HPTLC method for measuring kaempferol, rutin, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- UK Ilyas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, 679321, Kerala, India
| | - Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, 673576, Kerala, India
| | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Altafuddin Quadri
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - R.S. Rajasree
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Thirumala Devaswom Medical College, Alappuzha 688005, India
| | - Punnoth Poonkuzhi Naseef
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, 679321, Kerala, India
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Altemimi AB, Mohammed MJ, Yi-Chen L, Watson DG, Lakhssassi N, Cacciola F, Ibrahim SA. Optimization of Ultrasonicated Kaempferol Extraction from Ocimum basilicum Using a Box-Behnken Design and Its Densitometric Validation. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101379. [PMID: 33003426 PMCID: PMC7600635 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (KA) is a natural flavonol that can be found in plants and plant-derived foods with a plethora of different pharmacological properties. In the current study, we developed an efficient extraction method for the isolation of KA from ultrasonicated basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum). We successfully employed a Box-Behnken design (BBD) in order to investigate the effect of different extraction variables including methanol concentration (40-80%), extraction temperature (40-60 °C), and extraction time (5-15 min). The quantification of KA yield was carried out by employing a validated densitometric high performance thin layer chromatography in connection with ultraviolet detection (HPTLC-VIS). The obtained data showed that the quadratic polynomial model (R2 = 0.98) was the most appropriate. The optimized ultrasonic extraction yielded 94.7 ng/spot of KA when using methanol (79.99%) at 60 °C for 5 min. When using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (70:30:1 v/v/v) as a solvent, KA was detected in basil leaves at an Retention factor (Rf) value of 0.26 at 330 nm. Notably, the analytical method was successfully validated with a linear regression of R2 = 0.99, which reflected a good linear relationship. The developed HPTLC-VIS method in this study was precise, accurate, and robust due to the lower obtained results from both the percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) and SEM of the O. basilicum. The antioxidant activity of KA (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.68 μg/mL) was higher than that of the reference ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.79 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 0.88 μg/mL). The development of economical and efficient techniques is very important for the extraction and quantification of important pharmaceutical compounds such as KA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +964-773-5640-090 (A.B.A.); +39-090-676570 (F.C.)
| | - Muthanna J. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq;
| | - Lee Yi-Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (L.Y.-C.); (D.G.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Dennis G. Watson
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (L.Y.-C.); (D.G.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Naoufal Lakhssassi
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; (L.Y.-C.); (D.G.W.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +964-773-5640-090 (A.B.A.); +39-090-676570 (F.C.)
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Popa CV, Vasilescu A, Litescu SC, Albu C, Danet AF. Metal Nano-Oxide based Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Determination of Plant Polyphenols with Antioxidant Properties. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1662430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Valentina Popa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simona Carmen Litescu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Albu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Florin Danet
- University of Bucharest, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alam P, Alajmi MF, Arbab AH, Parvez MK, Siddiqui NA, Alqasoumi SI, Al-Rehaily AJ, Al-Dosari MS, Basudan OA. Comparative study of antioxidant activity and validated RP-HPTLC analysis of rutin in the leaves of different Acacia species grown in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:715-723. [PMID: 28725144 PMCID: PMC5506739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the comparative antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract (EE) of leaves of four Acacia species (Acacia salicina, AS; Acacia laeta, AL; Acacia hamulosa AH; and Acacia tortilis, AT) grown in Saudi Arabia, including RP-HPTLC quantification of antioxidant biomarker rutin. In vitro DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assays showed the promising antioxidant activities of Acacia extracts: ASEE (IC50: 60.39 and 324.65 μg/ml) >ALEE (IC50: 217.06 and 423.36 μg/ml) >ATEE (IC50: 250.13 and 747.50 μg/ml) >AHEE (IC50: 255.83 and 417.28 μg/ml). This was comparable to rutin tested at 500 μg/ml. Further, a RP- HPTLC densitometric method was developed (acetonitrile:water; 6:4; v/v) using glass-backed RP-18 silica gel F254 plate, and scanned at UV max 254 nm. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Analysis of the validated RP-HPTLC displayed an intense peak (Rf = 0.65 ± 0.004) of rutin that was estimated (μg/mg dry weight) to be highest in ASEE (10.42), followed by ALEE (2.67), AHEE (1.36) and ATEE (0.31). Taken together, presence of rutin strongly supported the high antioxidant property of the tested Acacia species, especially Acacia salicina. The developed RP-HPTLC method therefore, affirms its application in the quality control of commercialized herbal drugs or formulation containing rutin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Arbab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum 14415, Sudan
| | - Mohammad K Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan J Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer A Basudan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|