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Qi Y, Wang L, Wang N, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhao T, Jiang Q. A comprehensive review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337161. [PMID: 38606170 PMCID: PMC11007094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Murrayae Folium et Cacumen (MFC) is a plant considered to be a traditional Chinese medicine with culinary value as well. The dry leaves and twigs of Murraya paniculata and M. exotica are used to treat stomach aches, rheumatism, toothaches, swelling, and insect and snake bites. They are also used to prepare spicy chicken dishes. Aim of the review: This review comprehensively summarizes the available information on the botanical characterization, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of MFC. Methods: Relevant scientific literature up to August 2023 was included in the study. Chinese and English studies on MFC were collected from databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, and CNKI (Chinese). Doctoral and Master's dissertations were also included. Results: In total, 720 compounds have been identified and reported in the literature, including flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, sterols, phenylpropenols, organic acids, spirocyclopentenones, and volatile oils. Flavonoids and coumarins are the two most important bioactive compounds responsible for these pharmacological activities. MFC has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, potential anti-Alzheimer's disease, chondroprotective, and analgesic properties. The pharmacological effects include interrupting the STAT3/NF-κB/COX-2 and EGFR signaling pathways, downregulating EpCAM expression, inhibiting NF-κB and ERK signals, inhibiting the EP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and miR-29a/Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, and upregulating Foxo3a expression. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of MFC support its use in traditional Chinese botanical medicines. MFC contains a wide range of chemical compounds. Flavonoids and coumarins promote strong pharmacological activity and, are low-toxicity natural phytomedicines that are widely used in medicine, food, ornamentation, and cosmetics, making MFC a promising compound for development and use in the treatment of several medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Comprehensive Characterization and Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds in Finger Lime (Citrus australasica L.) by HPLC-QTof-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Australian finger limes (Citrus australasica L.), an unusual citrus due to its unique pulp with a caviar-like appearance, has reached the global market as a promising source of bioactive compounds that promote health. This research was, therefore, performed to shed light on the bioactivity and composition of different parts of Citrus australasica L. (peel and pulp). Initial ultrasound-assisted extraction using MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v) was carried out. After that, four fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were generated through liquid–liquid partitioning, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction in the peel, which presented the highest values of TPC and antioxidant activity, was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-QTof) mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified, of which seven were characterized for the first time in this matrix. Moreover, ten phenolic compounds were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The major compounds in the sample were citric acid, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, coumarin, rutin, naringin, 2-coumaric acid, didymin, naringenin and isorhamnetin, which were found in a range from 2.7 to 8106.7 µg/g sample dry weight. Finally, the results presented in this novel work confirmed that the peel by-product of C. australasica L. is a potential source of bioactive compounds and could result in a positive outcome for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
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Alam F, Mohammadin K, Shafique Z, Amjad ST, Asad MHHB. Citrus flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:1417-1441. [PMID: 34626134 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The plants Rutaceae family are known to have contributed a lot toward food and medicine. The most important metabolites of the family are flavonoids. A systematic review was conducted to collect chemical and pharmacological information of flavonoids isolated from family Rutaceae till 2018. A plethora of flavonoids have been isolated and studied systematically for various bioactivities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, in bronchitis, ulcers, and so on. The important groups of flavonoids isolated are naringin, poncirin, rhoifolin, marmesin, hesperidin, tangeretin, nobiletin, glychalcone, glyflavanone, lemairone, acacetin 3,6-di-C-glucoside, vicenin-2, lucenin-2 4'-methyl ether, narirutin 4'-O-glucoside, apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, rutin, rhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, dihydrokaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (engeletin) and kaempferol, excavaside A and B, myricetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside, myricetin 3,3'-di-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3'-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and others. The flavonoids isolated from the citrus family need to be considered from a nutraceutical, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical point of view for future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Mohammadin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Shafique
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayyeda Tayyeba Amjad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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4
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Genistein: is the multifarious botanical a natural anthelmintic too? J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:151-161. [PMID: 29844617 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-0984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is naturally present in plants of the soy family and is known to have various pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, etc. The phytoestrogen is one of the major isoflavones found in some medicinal plants having anthelmintic properties. This review describes the putative role of genistein as an anthelmintic, which has been tested on some helminth parasites in vitro. Genistein has been shown to cause paralysis and alterations in the tegument and tegumental enzymes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase) of helminth parasites. Alterations in the activities of several enzymes associated with the coordination system (specifically non-specific esterases, acetylcholine esterase, and nitric oxide synthase), and changes in the concentration of nitric oxide, cGMP, free amino acid pool, and tissue ammonia are observed in helminth parasites treated with genistein. The phytoestrogen also affects the carbohydrate metabolism by altering the activities of key enzymes involved in glycogen- and glucose-metabolism of a cestode parasite. Considering the significance of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in glycolysis of the cestode parasite, Ki of the phytoestrogen for PEPCK in the parasite has been determined, and molecular docking of genistein into the active site of the enzyme has also been described. The potential beneficial role of genistein as a natural alternative in management of helminth parasites needs to be further explored, particularly considering its in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics.
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5
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. Molecules 2016; 21:247. [PMID: 26907240 PMCID: PMC6273684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently the search for new drugs from natural resources is of growing interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Natural products have been the source of new drugs since ancient times. Plants are a good source of secondary metabolites which have been found to have beneficial properties. The present study is a review of the chemistry and pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. This review reveals the therapeutic potential of C. sinensis as a source of natural compounds with important activities that are beneficial for human health that could be used to develop new drugs.
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Rodríguez EJ, Ramis-Ramos G, Heyden YV, Simó-Alfonso EF, Lerma-García MJ, Saucedo-Hernández Y, Monteagudo U, Morales Y, Holgado B, Herrero-Martínez JM. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Murraya Paniculata Leaves from the Mountains of Central Cuba. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Murraya paniculata L leaves from the mountains of the Central Region of Cuba, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighteen compounds, accounting for 95.1% of the oil were identified. The major component was β-caryophyllene (ca. 30%). The antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods. The essential oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, but lower than that of propyl gallate. Moreover, this antioxidant activity was supported by the complementary antioxidant assay in the linoleic acid system and 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The essential oil also showed good to moderate inhibitory effects against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Jorge Rodríguez
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, C-54830 Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Guillermo Ramis-Ramos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Belgium
| | - Ernesto F. Simó-Alfonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - María Jesús Lerma-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla – La Mancha, E-13004, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Yanelis Saucedo-Hernández
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, C-54830 Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Urbano Monteagudo
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, C-54830 Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Yeni Morales
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, C-54830 Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Holgado
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, C-54830 Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - José Manuel Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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Kjanijou M, Jiraungkoo K, Kosai P, Jiraungkoo W. Effect of Murraya paniculata Leaf Extract Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larva. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2012.201.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Koblovská R, Macková Z, Vítková M, Kokoska L, Klejdus B, Lapcík O. Isoflavones in the Rutaceae family: twenty selected representatives of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:64-70. [PMID: 17654537 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in combination with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analytical HPLC with mass spectroscopy in the selective ion monitoring mode were used for the determination of selected isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, biochanin A and their homologues, in 20 representatives of the Rutaceae family. Species belonging to five genera were studied, namely Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, Ruta and Severinia. The enzyme immunoassays used were based on polyclonal antibodies raised against isoflavonoid conjugates with bovine serum albumin (BSA), namely biochanin A-7-BSA, daidzein-7-BSA, daidzein-4'-BSA, genistein-7-BSA and genistein-4'-BSA. Aglycones as well as glycosides were detected, and methoxyisoflavones appeared to be more abundant than hydoxyisoflavones. The content of individual isoflavonoids ranged from 0 to 2.6 mg/kg (dry weight); the sum of all measured substances reached up to 5.9 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Koblovská
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Klejdus B, Vacek J, Benesová L, Kopecký J, Lapcík O, Kubán V. Rapid-resolution HPLC with spectrometric detection for the determination and identification of isoflavones in soy preparations and plant extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:2277-85. [PMID: 17899029 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid-resolution HPLC/UV-VIS DAD separation method (which takes <1 min) for the determination and identification of genistin, genistein, daidzein, daidzin, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, formononetin, sissotrin and biochanin A in fmol quantities in submicroliter sample volumes was optimized. A linear gradient elution (0 min 22% B, 1.0 min 80% B, 1.4 min 100% B, 1.8 min 22% B) using a mobile phase containing 0.2 % (v/v) acetic acid (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) was applied on a Zorbax SB C18 column (1.8 microm particle size) at 80 degrees C. The method was verified using samples of bits of soy and methanolic extracts from Trifolium pratense, Iresine herbstii and Ononis spinosa plants. Pseudobaptigenin glucoside, irilone, prunetin, texasin, tlatlancuayin and other isoflavones, in addition to aglycones of isoflavones and their beta-glucosides and malonyl and acetyl derivatives, were identified by UV-VIS DAD and electrospray mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Klejdus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rout PK, Rao YR, Sree A, Naik SN. Composition of essential oil, concrete, absolute, wax and headspace volatiles ofMurrarya paniculata (Linn.) Jack flowers. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Lucheta AR, Silva-Pinhati ACO, Basílio-Palmieri AC, Berger IJ, Freitas-Astúa J, Cristofani M. An in silico analysis of the key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus sinensis. Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Brazil; Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, Brazil
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Mackova Z, Koblovska R, Lapcik O. Distribution of isoflavonoids in non-leguminous taxa - an update. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:849-55. [PMID: 16499937 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Common emphasis of the fact that isoflavonoids are characteristic metabolites of leguminous plants sometimes leads to overlooking that the presence of isoflavonoids has been reported in several dozen other families. The spectrum of isoflavonoid producing taxa includes the representatives of four classes of multicellular plants, namely the Bryopsida, the Pinopsida, the Magnoliopsida and the Liliopsida. A review, recently published by Reynaud et al. [Reynaud, J., Guilet D., Terreux R., Lussignol M., Walchshofer N., 2005. Isoflavonoids in non-leguminous families: an update. Nat. Prod. Rep. 22, 504-515], provided listing of 164 isoflavonoids altogether reported in 31 non-leguminous angiosperm families. In this contribution we complement the abovementioned inventory bringing the references on further 17 isoflavonoid producing families and on additional 49 isoflavonoids reported to occur in non-leguminous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Mackova
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
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13
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Lapcik O, Honys D, Koblovska R, Mackova Z, Vitkova M, Klejdus B. Isoflavonoids are present in Arabidopsis thaliana despite the absence of any homologue to known isoflavonoid synthases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:106-14. [PMID: 16650770 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and inflorescence stalks and from Lepidium sativa (Brassicaceae) seedlings were analysed by HPLC-MS-SIM and by five isoflavonoid-specific ELISA methods after the HPLC fractionation of samples, in order to determine presence of isoflavonoids. Individual ELISAs were specific for daidzein, genistein, biochanin A and for their derivatives substituted either at the 4'- or at the 7- positions. Both analytical approaches revealed homologous spectra of isoflavonoids in both plant species. As the ononin specific immunoassay was not available this compound was only detected by HPLC-MS. Formononetin and prunetin represented the main aglycones followed by biochanin A, daidzein and genistein; sissotrin was the most abundant isoflavonoid glycoside followed by ononin, daidzin and genistin. The content of individual compounds ranged from a few micrograms up to 2.2 mg kg(-1) (dry weight). Expression profiles of A. thaliana genes homologous to enzymes involved in isoflavonoid synthesis and metabolism were extracted from publicly available transcriptomic datasets for various tissues. Genes likely to be involved in important steps of the isoflavonoid metabolism in A. thaliana were identified. However, in accord with the previously published data, no homologue to isoflavone synthases known from the Fabaceae plants was found. These aryl migrating enzymes belong to the CYP93C family that is absent in A. thaliana. We conclude that another gene must be responsible for biosynthesis of the isoflavone skeleton in Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lapcik
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Reynaud J, Guilet D, Terreux R, Lussignol M, Walchshofer N. Isoflavonoids in non-leguminous families: an update. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:504-15. [PMID: 16047048 DOI: 10.1039/b416248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Reynaud
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISPB Faculté de Pharmacie, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Lapcík O, Vítková M, Klejdus B, Al-Maharik N, Adlercreutz H. Immunoassay for biochanin A. J Immunol Methods 2004; 294:155-63. [PMID: 15604024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two variants of immunoassay for the determination of biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy 4'-methoxy isoflavone), i.e., a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an indirect ELISA, have been developed and evaluated. Both methods employ the same rabbit antiserum to a 7-O-carboxymethyl-5-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. A 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester (TME) conjugate was used as a radioligand for the RIA. The indirect ELISA uses immunogen-coated microtitration plates and a peroxidase-labeled antirabbit Ig antibody. Both methods are specific for biochanin A with a comparable sensitivity (3.1 pg/tube for RIA; 5.3 pg/well for ELISA); however, their sensitivity to individual cross-reactants differs. The main cross-reactants are sissotrin (the cross-reactivity 15.7% for RIA; 120% for ELISA), 5-hydroxy, 4',7-dimethoxy isoflavone (51.5% for RIA; 46.5% for ELISA), prunetin (4.5% for RIA; 5.0% for ELISA), genistein (0.8% for RIA; 2.8% for ELISA) and formononetin (0.4% for RIA; 0.3% for ELISA). These methods were used for the analysis of biochanin A in alfalfa and in several nonleguminous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldrich Lapcík
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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