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Bartnik M, Sławińska-Brych A, Mizerska-Kowalska M, Kania AK, Zdzisińska B. Quantitative Analysis of Isopimpinellin from Ammi majus L. Fruits and Evaluation of Its Biological Effect on Selected Human Tumor Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:2874. [PMID: 38930940 PMCID: PMC11206288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammi majus L. (Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant with a well-documented history in phytotherapy. The aim of the present work was to isolate isopimpinellin (5,8-methoxypsoralen; IsoP) from the fruit of this plant and evaluate its biological activity against selected tumor cell lines. The methanol extract obtained with the use of an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method was the most suitable for the quantitative analysis of coumarins in the A. majus fruit matrix. The coumarin content was estimated by RP-HPLC/DAD, and the amount of IsoP was found to be 404.14 mg/100 g dry wt., constituting 24.56% of the total coumarin fraction (1.65 g/100 g). This, along with the presence of xanthotoxin (368.04 mg/100 g, 22.36%) and bergapten (253.05 mg/100 g, 15.38%), confirmed A. majus fruits as an excellent source of these compounds. IsoP was isolated (99.8% purity) by combined liquid chromatography/centrifugal partition chromatography (LC/CPC) and tested for the first time on its antiproliferative activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29, SW620), osteosarcoma (Saos-2, HOS), and multiple myeloma (RPMI8226, U266) cell lines. MTT assay results (96 h incubation) demonstrated a dose- and cell line-dependent decrease in cell proliferation/viability, with the strongest effect of IsoP against the Saos-2 cell line (IC50; 42.59 µM), medium effect against U266, HT-29, and RPMI8226 (IC50 = 84.14, 95.53, and 105.0 µM, respectively), and very weak activity against invasive HOS (IC50; 321.6 µM) and SW620 (IC50; 711.30 µM) cells, as well as normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs), with IC50; 410.7 µM. The mechanistic study on the Saos-2 cell line showed that IsoP was able to reduce DNA synthesis and trigger apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. In general, IsoP was found to have more potency towards cancerous cells (except for HOS and SW620) than against healthy cells. The Selective Index (SI) was determined, underlining the higher selectivity of IsoP towards cancer cells compared to healthy cells (SI = 9.62 against Saos-2). All these results suggest that IsoP might be a promising molecule in the chemo-prevention and treatment of primary osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bartnik
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Mizerska-Kowalska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Anna Karolina Kania
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
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Kaur A, Bhatti R. Understanding the phytochemistry and molecular insights to the pharmacology of Angelica archangelica L. (garden angelica) and its bioactive components. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5961-5979. [PMID: 34254374 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived molecules have enduring usefulness in treating diseases, and herbal drugs have emerged as a vital component of global therapeutic demand. Angelica archangelica L. (A. archangelica), commonly known as garden angelica, is an aromatic food plant used in culinary procedures as a flavoring agent. In the traditional medicine system, it is regarded as an "Angel plant" due to its miraculous curative power. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the plant's taxonomic profile, ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Various in vivo and in vitro experiments have validated that the plant possesses broad pharmacological potential. The biological activities attributed to the plant include anti-anxiety activity, anti-convulsant activity, cognition enhancer, antiviral activity, cholinesterase inhibitory potential, antiinflammatory activity, gastroprotective activity, and radioprotective activity. The beneficial effects of the plant are credited to its bioactive components, that is, coumarins and volatile oils. The review summarizes the pharmacological activities of crude extract and its bioactive fractions and has also explored their target-oriented effects. This review will be of value in undertaking further investigations on the plant with regard to exploring mechanism-based pharmacological approaches on A. archangelica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Photosensitizing Furocoumarins: Content in Plant Matrices and Kinetics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173805. [PMID: 32825691 PMCID: PMC7503550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Furocoumarins are a group of plant phytoalexins exhibiting various bioactive properties; the most important of which are photosensitization and alteration of P450 cytochrome activity. Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide has been proposed as a green alternative for an organic solvent extraction of the furocoumarins. Four plant matrices rich in furocoumarins were extracted with CO2 at a temperature of 80 °C and pressure of 40 MPa, as these conditions were characterized by the highest solubility of furocoumarins. The extracts collected were analyzed using the HPLC method and the results obtained were used for the mathematical modeling of the observed phenomena. The total content of the furocoumarins in the matrices was 4.03–26.45 mg g−1 of dry weight. The impact of the process parameters on the solubility was consistent with the Chrastil equation. The broken plus intact cell model proved to be suitable to describe extraction curves obtained. The research proved the possibility of supercritical carbon dioxide utilization for the extraction of the furocoumarins from plant material and provided valuable data for prospective industrial-scale experiments.
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Variability of composition of essential oil and coumarin compounds of Angelica archangelica L. HERBA POLONICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Summary
The medicinal and culinary properties of Angelica archangelica L. have been known and valued since the Middle Ages. Ingredients of essential oil and coumarins found in this plant are to a large degree responsible for its pharmacological activity. This study is a review of the literature of the most important biologically active compounds present in herbal raw materials: root (rhizome with roots) and angelica fruits. Research shows that the content of individual compounds of the essential oil and coumarin fraction is variable, which may point to a large intraspecific variation. Therefore, these compounds may be good markers for identifying taxa or chemotypes in chemotaxonomic research valuable for the herbal medicine and pharmaceutical industry.
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Bruni R, Barreca D, Protti M, Brighenti V, Righetti L, Anceschi L, Mercolini L, Benvenuti S, Gattuso G, Pellati F. Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest. Molecules 2019; 24:E2163. [PMID: 31181737 PMCID: PMC6600687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Anceschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Wianowska D, Gil M. Critical approach to PLE technique application in the analysis of secondary metabolites in plants. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Widelski J, Luca SV, Skiba A, Chinou I, Marcourt L, Wolfender JL, Skalicka-Wozniak K. Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity of Coumarin Derivatives from Fruits of Peucedanum luxurians Tamamsch. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051222. [PMID: 29783770 PMCID: PMC6100078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation of searching for phytoconstituents that act as promising agents for antimicrobial therapy, rare coumarins were isolated from fruits of Peucedanum luxurians and tested. In a first step, the content of major compounds in the aerial parts and fruits of P. luxurians were compared. The results clearly showed that the fruits with dichloromethane as a solvent yielded, in most cases, higher concentrations of almost all the analyzed coumarins than the aerial parts, with peucedanin detected as the most abundant compound with a concentration of 4563.94 ± 3.35 mg/100 g. Under this perspective, the dichloromethane extract from the fruits of P. luxurians was further submitted to high performance countercurrent chromatography with a mixture of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water 6:5:6:5 (v/v). Combination of HPCCC and prep-HPLC yielded 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (1), officinalin (2), stenocarpin isobutyrate (3), officinalin isobutyrate (4), 8-methoxypeucedanin (5), and peucedanin (6). Isolated compounds were tested against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. 6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin, peucedanin, and officinalin isobutyrate appeared to be the most active against all tested bacteria strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 1.20 and 4.80 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about countercurrent isolation of mentioned coumarins, as well as the first information about their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki, 120-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki, 120-093 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki, 120-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, 1, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, 1, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki, 120-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Chemistry and health effects of furanocoumarins in grapefruit. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:71-83. [PMID: 28911545 PMCID: PMC9333421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are a specific group of secondary metabolites that commonly present in higher plants, such as citrus plants. The major furanocoumarins found in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) include bergamottin, epoxybergamottin, and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin. During biosynthesis of these furanocoumarins, coumarins undergo biochemical modifications corresponding to a prenylation reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes with the subsequent formation of furan rings. Because of undesirable interactions with several medications, many studies have developed methods for grapefruit furanocoumarin quantification that include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometry. The distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruits is affected by several environmental conditions, such as processing techniques, storage temperature, and packing materials. In the past few years, grapefruit furanocoumarins have been demonstrated to exhibit several biological activities including antioxidative, -inflammatory, and -cancer activities as well as bone health promotion both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, furanocoumarins potently exerted antiproliferative activities against cancer cell growth through modulation of several molecular pathways, such as regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Therefore, based on this review, we suggest furanocoumarins may serve as bioactive components that contribute, at least in part, to the health benefits of grapefruit.
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10
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Lee SG, Kim K, Vance TM, Perkins C, Provatas A, Wu S, Qureshi A, Cho E, Chun OK. Development of a comprehensive analytical method for furanocoumarins in grapefruit and their metabolites in plasma and urine using UPLC-MS/MS: a preliminary study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:881-7. [PMID: 27396405 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1207157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To develop a comprehensive analytical method for photoactive furanocoumarins, grapefruit (whole, flesh, peel and juice) was extracted using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method. Seven furanocoumarins: bergaptol, psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, bergapten, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (6',7'-DHB), epoxybergamottin and bergamottin were determined in grapefruit using UPLC-MS/MS. The concentrations of furanocoumarins in the plasma and urine of six healthy young adults before and after ingestion of grapefruit or grapefruit juice were also determined. Recovery rates of furanocoumarins by QuEChERS method from matrix spike sample and laboratory calibrate sample were 125.7 ± 25.4% and 105.7 ± 6.3%, respectively. Bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB were predominant compounds in grapefruit flesh, juice and plasma, while bergaptol and 6',7'-DHB were major compounds detected in the urine. The results demonstrated that bergamottin and 6',7'-DHB were metabolized to bergaptol. Overall, the analytical methods developed in the present study can be applied to the analysis of various furanocoumarins in plant sources and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gil Lee
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Kijoon Kim
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Terrence M Vance
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Christopher Perkins
- b Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of Connecticut Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Anthony Provatas
- b Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of Connecticut Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Shaowei Wu
- c Department of Dermatology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA ;,d Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Abrar Qureshi
- c Department of Dermatology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA ;,e Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA ;,f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- c Department of Dermatology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA ;,e Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA ;,f Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
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Kozioł E, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Imperatorin-pharmacological meaning and analytical clues: profound investigation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 15:627-649. [PMID: 27453708 PMCID: PMC4939159 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Imperatorin, a furanocoumarin derivative, has many documented pharmacological properties which make it a candidate for possible drug development. In this review, the activity on the central nervous system, the anticancer and antiviral properties and the influence on the cardiovascular system are described. The aim of this review is also to present an overview of the techniques used for the analysis, isolation, and separation of imperatorin from plant material from the practical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kozioł
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Oniszczuk A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M, Podgórski R, Nowak R, Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Blicharski T. Comparison of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion and Liquid—Solid Extraction Methods Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction in the Analysis of Selected Furanocoumarins fromPimpinellaRoots by HPLC—DAD. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Determination of coumarins from aerial part of two Artemisia species. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.12923/j.2084-980x/26.1/a.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The methanolic and methanolic-water extracts were received from a blooming aerial part (herb) of two species: Artemisia gmelinii Webb ex Stechmann and Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. Two methods were used for extracting the plant material: Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Soxhlet Extraction. The analysis of samples was performed by the HPLC-DAD method. All obtained extracts were subjected to the process of the solid phase extraction. Samples for HPLC-DAD analysis were purified using C-18 (Octadecyl, 500 mg) Baker Bond (J.T. Baker, USA) SPE-micro-columns. The quantitative indications of individual constituents (coumarins) were converted into the content of scopoletin.
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Najda A, Dyduch J, Świca K, Kapłan M, Papliński R, Sachadyn-Król M, Klimek K. Identification and Profile of Furanocoumarins from the Ribbed Celery ( Apium Graveolens L Var. Dulce Mill./ Pers.). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Jan Dyduch
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Klaudia Świca
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Magdalena Kapłan
- Department of Seed Production and Nurseries, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Rafał Papliński
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | | | - Kamila Klimek
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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15
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Microwave-assisted extraction of herbacetin diglucoside from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed cakes and its quantification using an RP-HPLC-UV system. Molecules 2014; 19:3025-37. [PMID: 24619301 PMCID: PMC6270660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds are widely used for oil extraction and the cold-pressed flaxseed (or linseed) cakes obtained during this process constitute a valuable by-product. The flavonol herbacetin diglucoside (HDG) has been previously reported as a constituent of the flaxseed lignan macromolecule linked through ester bonds to the linker molecule hydroxymethylglutaric acid. In this context, the development and validation of a new approach using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of HDG from flaxseed cakes followed by quantification with a reverse-phase HPLC system with UV detection was purposed. The experimental parameters affecting the HDG extraction yield, such as microwave power, extraction time and sodium hydroxide concentration, from the lignan macromolecule were optimized. A maximum HDG concentration of 5.76 mg/g DW in flaxseed cakes was measured following an irradiation time of 6 min, for a microwave power of 150 W using a direct extraction in 0.1 M NaOH in 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol. The optimized method was proven to be rapid and reliable in terms of precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy for the extraction of HDG. Comparison with a conventional extraction method demonstrated that MAE is more effective and less time-consuming.
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction Studies of Target Analyte Artemisinin from Dried Leaves of Artemisia annua L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/163028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb native of Asia. This plant has been used for many centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of fever and malaria. Conventional methods for the extraction of artemisinin from A. annua including solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and heat reflux extraction are characterized by long extraction times and the consumption of large volume of solvents. A simple, rapid, and precise microwave-assisted extraction process was optimized for fast sample preparation for the faster quantitative determination of artemisinin, potential new generation antimalarial drug, from dried leaves of Artemisia annua L. A simple experiment was designed for the optimization of the appropriate solvent under same extraction conditions. The selected appropriate solvent was then standardized for various different extraction variables. The major parameters studied showed effects on extraction efficiency including processing time, strength of microwave, moisture content, volume and nature of the solvent. The most favorable conditions were obtained by using plant material of 25 mesh (particle size) extracted with acetone for 120 seconds at 160 W (i.e., 20% of total power). Quantitative analysis was performed using thin-layer chromatography coupled with a densitometer (TLC densitometry). The results showed that MAE can be used as an efficient and rapid method for the extraction of the active components from plants.
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Epifano F, Genovese S, Kremer D, Randic M, Carlucci G, Locatelli M. Re-investigation of the Anthraquinone Pool of Rhamnus spp.: Madagascin from the Fruits of Rhamnus cathartica and R. intermedia. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation of our ongoing studies aimed at revealing the presence of oxyprenylated anthraquinones in plants belonging to the genus Rhamnus, in this paper we describe the extraction and HPLC separation of madagascin (3-isopentenyloxyemodin) from the fruits of R. cathartica L. and R. intermedia Steud. & Hochst. The title compound is described herein for the first time as a component of fruit extracts of Rhamnus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Dario Kremer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marco Randic
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
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Qiu H, Xiao X, Li G. Separation and purification of furanocoumarins from Toddalia asiatica
(L.) Lam. using microwave-assisted extraction coupled with high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:901-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry; Hanshan Normal University; Chaozhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
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Skalicka-Woźniak K, Głowniak K. Pressurized liquid extraction of coumarins from fruits of Heracleum leskowii with application of solvents with different polarity under increasing temperature. Molecules 2012; 17:4133-41. [PMID: 22481536 PMCID: PMC6268017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are nowadays an important group of organic compounds from natural sources that are useful in a number of fields. Because they possess different pharmacological properties, finding the proper extraction conditions for their separation from plant matrices is a very important step. In this report Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) under different temperature conditions and with different types of extraction solvents were tested. As a matrix, fruits of Heracleum leskowii have been used. A simple reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) coupled with a photodiode array detector (DAD) has been developed for separation and quantitative analysis of the main coumarins. Umbelliferone, xanthotoxin, angelicin, isopimpinellin, bergapten, imperatorin and isoimperatorin were investigated. Bergapten and imperatorin were dominant in almost all extracts in the range of 9.92 ± 0.02–20.93 ± 0.06 and 12.19 ± 0.98–19.07 ± 0.03 mg/100 g, respectively. Dichloromethane and methanol were chosen as the most proper suitable solvents for extraction of coumarins. By increasing the temperature the amount of extracted coumarins increases in petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University in Lublin, 1 Chodzki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
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Locatelli M, Genovese S, Carlucci G, Kremer D, Randic M, Epifano F. Development and application of high-performance liquid chromatography for the study of two new oxyprenylated anthraquinones produced by Rhamnus species. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1225:113-20. [PMID: 22261224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnus spp. is known to contain biologically active anthraquinone secondary metabolites but the presence of oxyprenylated ones is not reported. To this aim, a new simple, and accurate analytical method was developed to reveal chemical fingerprint of these analytes in plant extracts. Plant samples were analysed after extraction with n-hexane (first step) and methanol (second step) using a C(18) column with a mobile phase composed of 35% of water:65% of methanol (both with 1% formic acid, v/v) at 0.7 mL min⁻¹ flow rate in gradient elution mode. For quantitative analyses, selective detection was performed at 435 nm. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 μM, with the only exception of 3-geranyloxyemodin for which the LOQ value was 5.0 μM, and external matrix-matched standard curves showed linearity up to 125 μM. The within- and between-batch precision (RSD%) values ranged from 0.2% to 12.9% while within- and between-batch trueness (bias%) values ranged from 12.2% to 12.7%. The method was applied to evaluate for the first time the presence and the quantities of oxyprenylated anthraquinones in Rhamnus spp. barks as well as the anthraquinone profile of Rhamnus pumila Turra. The proposed method could be directly applied to the selective quantification of these analytes in natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
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Delazar A, Nahar L, Hamedeyazdan S, Sarker SD. Microwave-assisted extraction in natural products isolation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 864:89-115. [PMID: 22367895 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-624-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) or simply microwave extraction is a relatively new extraction technique that combines microwave and traditional solvent extraction. Application of microwaves for heating the solvents and plant tissues in extraction process, which increases the kinetic of extraction, is called microwave-assisted extraction. MAE has a number of advantages, e.g., shorter extraction time, less solvent, higher extraction rate and lower cost, over traditional method of extraction of compounds from various matrices, especially natural products. The use of MAE in natural products extraction started in the late 1980s, and through the technological developments, it has now become one of the popular and cost-effective extraction methods available today, and several advanced MAE instrumentations and methodologies have become available, e.g., pressurized microwave-assisted extraction (PMAE) and solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (SFMAE). This chapter provides an overview of the MAE and presents a number of specific protocols for natural products extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Delazar
- School of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Genovese S, Tammaro F, Menghini L, Carlucci G, Epifano F, Locatelli M. Comparison of three different extraction methods and HPLC determination of the anthraquinones aloe-emodine, emodine, rheine, chrysophanol and physcione in the bark of Rhamnus alpinus L. (Rhamnaceae). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:261-267. [PMID: 20024894 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhamnus alpinus L. (Rhamnaceae), a traditional plants in the flora of the Abruzzo region, is known to contain active anthraquinone secondary metabolites. However, the content of anthraquinones varies among R. alpinus samples depending on collection season and site. Thus, using simple, reliable and accurate analytical methods for the determination of anthraquinones in R. alpinus extracts allows comparative study of different methods of extraction. OBJECTIVE After a partial validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five anthraquinones, aloe-emodine, rheine, emodine, chrysophanol and physcione, in the bark of R. alpinus, we compared three different methods of extraction. METHODOLOGY Anthraquinones were extracted from the bark of R. alpinus using different techniques (methanol maceration, ultrasonic and supercritical CO(2) extraction). Separation and quantification of anthraquinones were accomplished using a reversed-phase C(18) column with the mobile phase of H(2)O-methanol (40 : 60, v/v, 1% formic acid) at a wavelength of 254 nm. The qualitative analyses were also achieved at wavelength of 435 nm. RESULTS All calibration curves were linear over the concentration range tested (10-200 mM) with the determination coefficients >or=0.991. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 5 mM for each analytes. All five anthraquinones were found in the samples tested at concentrations reported in experimental data. CONCLUSION The described HPLC method and optimised extraction procedure are simple, accurate and selective for separation and quantification of anthraquinones in the bark of R. alpinus and allow evaluation of the best extraction procedure between the tested assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
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Yu R, Yu R, Zhang X, Luo Z, Zhang H, Shao Y, Mei L, Tao Y. Dynamic Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Arctigenin from Saussurea medusa Maxim. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bonny S, Hitti E, Boustie J, Bernard A, Tomasi S. Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction of secondary metabolites from crustose lichens with quantitative spectrophotodensitometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7651-6. [PMID: 19796768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A focused and rapid microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process was carried out and optimized for secondary metabolites from crustose lichens using Taguchi experimental design and quantitative analysis on TLC by a Camag((R)) spectrophotodensitometer. The procedure was improved by quantitative determination of norstictic acid (NA), a common depsidone isolated from Pertusaria pseudocorallina (Sw.) Arn. Various experimental parameters that can potentially affect the NA extraction yields including extraction time, irradiation power, volume and the percentage of tetrahydrofuran (THF) were optimized. Results suggest that THF percentage and solvent volume were statistically the most significant factors. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: THF level of 100%, solvent volume of 15mL, microwave power of 100W and extraction time of 7min. Compared to the reflux method, MAE showed a drastic reduction of extraction time (7min vs. 3h) and solvent consumption (15mL vs. 30mL). The NA in total yield was 90% using the two methods. The optimal conditions were applied to other crustose lichens, Aspicilia radiosa, Diploicia canescens and Ochrolechia parella for the extraction of NA, diploicine (DP) and variolaric acid (VA), with 83%, 90% and 95% of recovery, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonny
- EA 4090 SLP, Substances Lichéniques et Photoprotection, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Wianowska D, Hajnos MŁ, Dawidowicz AL, Oniszczuk A, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M, Głowniak K. Extraction Methods of 10-Deacetylbaccatin III, Paclitaxel, and Cephalomannine from Taxus baccata L. Twigs: A Comparison. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802671622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wianowska
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska Univeristy , Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Ł. Hajnos
- b Department of Pharmacognosy , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Dawidowicz
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska Univeristy , Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- c Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
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Martino E, Collina S, Rossi D, Bazzoni D, Gaggeri R, Bracco F, Azzolina O. Influence of the extraction mode on the yield of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (hawthorn). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:534-540. [PMID: 18618435 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extract of Crataegus monogyna shows sedative, hypotensive, vasodilator and cardio-tonic actions. Although several papers dealing with the extraction of metabolites from Crataegus have been published, the plant productivity in terms of bioactive compounds is not easily understandable as yet. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the extraction mode on the yield of bioactive compounds from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. in order to evaluate plant productivity. METHODOLOGY Samples were prepared by extraction of powdered material obtained from top branches, flowers and leaves. Soxhlet extraction, maceration and ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction at different experimental conditions were investigated for the exhaustive extraction of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside. The phytocomponents were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV/PAD, comparing HPLC retention times and UV spectra of individual peaks with those of the standards analysed under the same conditions. RESULTS An easy-to-use HPLC isocratic method suitable for the quantification of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in raw plant extracts was developed. The optimised HPLC methodology was applied to evaluate different extraction procedures. The ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction protocols showed higher extraction efficiency than the others. In particular, the optimised microwave protocol gave rise to the highest extraction efficiency with high reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS A microwave protocol combined with isocratic HPLC analysis is proposed for the rapid screening of plant materials collected in different environmental conditions in order to evaluate the productivity of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and to find out the best ecological conditions to cultivate hawthorn in Northern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Martino
- Department of Territorial Ecology, University of Pavia, Via s. Epifanio, 14-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Peanut is one of the most widely used legumes due to its nutrition and taste. The fact that is has been recognized recently as a functional food, its evaluation for its role in a heart-healthy diet has received tremendous attention. Functional compounds have been isolated, identified, quantified, and even enhanced to maximize the amount for adequate health benefits. The peanut industry's byproducts such as peanut hulls and shells, skins, and even leaves and roots have also been identified as possible sources of bioactive compounds. New uses for these underutilized renewable sources can create new market opportunities and increase the value of agricultural residues.
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Waksmundzka-Hajnos M, Wianowska D, Oniszczuk A, Dawidowicz AD. Effect of sample-preparation methods on the quantification of selected flavonoids in plant materials by high performance liquid chromatography. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.20.2008.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Since the 1990s, interest in natural product research has increased considerably. Following several outstanding developments in the areas of separation methods, spectroscopic techniques, and sensitive bioassays, natural product research has gained new attention for providing novel chemical entities. This updated review deals with sample preparation and purification, recent extraction techniques used for natural product separation, liquid-solid and liquid-liquid isolation techniques, as well as multi-step chromatographic operations. It covers examples of papers published since the NPR review 'Modern separation methods' by Marston and Hostettmann,1 with major emphasis on methods developed and the research undertaken since 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Sticher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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31
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Zhang Y, Li SF, Wu XW. Pressurized liquid extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Beejmohun V, Fliniaux O, Grand E, Lamblin F, Bensaddek L, Christen P, Kovensky J, Fliniaux MA, Mesnard F. Microwave-assisted extraction of the main phenolic compounds in flaxseed. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2007; 18:275-82. [PMID: 17623361 DOI: 10.1002/pca.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been applied for the first time to the extraction of the main lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), and the two most concentrated hydroxycinnamic acid glucosides in flaxseed. The effects of microwave power, extraction time and alkaline treatment were investigated. It was shown that a 3 min MAE resulted in an SDG content of 16.1+/-0.4 mg/g, a p-coumaric acid glucoside content of 3.7+/-0.2 mg/g and a ferulic acid glucoside content of 4.1+/-0.2 mg/g. These values were compared with those obtained using conventional extraction methods and the results demonstrated that MAE was more effective in terms of both yield and time consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Beejmohun
- Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie EA 3900, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
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Martino E, Ramaiola I, Urbano M, Bracco F, Collina S. Microwave-assisted extraction of coumarin and related compounds from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas as an alternative to Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1125:147-51. [PMID: 16769080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and microwaves-assisted extraction (MAE) in closed system have been investigated to determine the content of coumarin, o-coumaric and melilotic acids in flowering tops of Melilotus officinalis. The extracts were analyzed with an appropriate HPLC procedure. The reproducibility of extraction and of chromatographic analysis was proved. Taking into account the extraction yield, the cost and the time, we studied the effects of extraction variables on the yield of the above-mentioned compounds. Better results were obtained with MAE (50% v/v aqueous ethanol, two heating cycles of 5 min, 50 degrees C). On the basis of the ratio extraction yield/extraction time, we therefore propose MAE as the most efficient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Martino
- Department of Territorial Ecology and Enviroment University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio, 14-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Carabias-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Revilla-Ruiz P, Hernández-Méndez J. Pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of food and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:1-17. [PMID: 16130765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Originally, the use of the pressurized liquid extraction technique (PLE) was mainly focused on the extraction of environmental pollutants present in soil matrices, sediments, and sewage sludge. However, more recently the distinct advantages of this technique are being exploited in diverse areas, including biology, and the pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of the present review is to explore recent analytical applications of this extraction technique (PLE) in the extraction of contaminant compounds and matrix components in food and biological samples, placing special emphasis on the strategies followed to obtain a rapid, selective, efficient and reliable extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carabias-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Dawidowicz AL, Wianowska D. PLE in the analysis of plant compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:1155-9. [PMID: 15862700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A broad spectrum of sample preparation methods is currently used for the isolation of pharmacologically active compounds from plant and herbal materials. The paper compares the effectiveness of infusion, microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) as sample preparation methods for the isolation of caffeine from green tea leaves. The effect of PLE variables, such as extraction temperature, pressure and time, on the yield of caffeine from the investigated matrix is discussed. The obtained results revealed that PLE, in comparison with other sample preparation methods applied, has significantly lower efficacy for caffeine isolation from green tea leaves. The evaluation of PLE conditions leads to the conclusion that elevated pressure applied in the PLE process is the factor hindering the extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej L Dawidowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Pl. Marii Curie Sklodowskiej 3, Poland.
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