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Azadniya E, Krawinkel M, Morlock GE. Bioactivity profiles of six baobab fruit pulp powders via planar chromatography hyphenated with effect-directed analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123873. [PMID: 37725851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp has a high nutrient content and has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes (e.g., as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent) that may help protect against chronic diseases. Six different baobab fruit pulp powders were investigated using three different extractants and analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) hyphenated with antibacterial bioassays and enzyme inhibition assays. The developed non-target effect-directed screening was performed after extraction with pentyl acetate - ethanol 1:1 (V/V) on the HPTLC plate silica gel 60 using toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol 6:3:1 (V/V/V) as mobile phase system and derivatization via the anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent for detection. The physico-chemical profiles of the six baobab fruit pulp powder extracts were comparable, although the intensity of some zones was moderately different. The following effect-directed profiling via tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays as well as antibacterial Aliivibrio fischeri and Bacillus subtilis bioassays revealed one prominent multipotent bioactive compound zone in common, more or less active in all five studied (bio)assays. Via the recording of high-resolution mass spectra, this compound zone was tentatively assigned to coeluting saturated (palmitic acid 16:0 and stearic acid 18:0), monounsaturated (oleic acid 18:1), and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid 18:2 and linolenic acid 18:3) fatty acids. This finding was confirmed by other studies, which already proved individual activities of fatty acids. The first (bio)activity profiling of baobab fruit pulp powders via HPTLC-effect-directed analysis revealed that the baobab fruit could be considered as a functional food, however, further research is needed to study the impact on health and the influences on the bioactivity arising from different climates, years and soils or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Azadniya
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, as well as Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Krawinkel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, as well as Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstr. 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Morlock GE, Belay A, Heil J, Mehl A, Borck H. Effect-Directed Profiling of Monofloral Honeys from Ethiopia by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113541. [PMID: 35684478 PMCID: PMC9182560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethiopian honey is used not only as food but also for treatment in traditional medicine. For its valorization, bioactive compounds were analyzed in nine types of monofloral Ethiopian honey. Therefore, a non-target effect-directed profiling was developed via high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with multi-imaging and planar effect-directed assays. Characteristic bioactivity profiles of the different honeys were determined in terms of antibacterial, free-radical scavenging, and various enzyme inhibitory activities. Honeys from Hypoestes spp. and Leucas abyssinica showed low activity in all assays. In contrast, others from Acacia spp., Becium grandiflorum, Croton macrostachyus, Eucalyptus globulus, Schefflera abyssinica, Vernonia amygdalina, and Coffea arabica showed more intense activity profiles, but these differed depending on the assay. In particular, the radical scavenging activity of Croton macrostachyus and Coffea arabica honeys, the acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Coffea arabica honeys, and the antibacterial activity of Schefflera abyssinica honey are highlighted. Bioactive compounds of interest were further characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Identifying differences in bioactivity between mono-floral honey types affects quality designation and branding. Effect-directed profiling provides new insights that are valuable for food science and nutrition as well as for the market, and contributes to honey differentiation, categorization, and authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-9939141
| | - Abera Belay
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (H.B.)
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Julia Heil
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Annabel Mehl
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (H.B.)
| | - Hannelore Borck
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (H.B.)
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Zhang XW, Bian GL, Kang PY, Cheng XJ, Yan K, Liu YL, Gao YX, Li DQ. Recent advance in the discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural sources via separation methods. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2104-2117. [PMID: 34579614 PMCID: PMC8480707 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1983559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors are in great demand in the food, cosmetic and medical industrials due to their important roles. Therefore, the discovery of high-quality TYR inhibitors is always pursued. Natural products as one of the most important sources of bioactive compounds discovery have been increasingly used for TYR inhibitors screening. However, due to their complex compositions, it is still a great challenge to rapid screening and identification of biologically active components from them. In recent years, with the help of separation technologies and the affinity and intrinsic activity of target enzymes, two advanced approaches including affinity screening and inhibition profiling showed great promises for a successful screening of bioactive compounds from natural sources. This review summarises the recent progress of separation-based methods for TYR inhibitors screening, with an emphasis on the principle, application, advantage, and drawback of each method along with perspectives in the future development of these screening techniques and screened hit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang-Li Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pei-Ying Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Jie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Institute for Drug Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong-Li Liu
- Institute for Drug Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Xia Gao
- Institute for Drug Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Yang B, Kuang H. An Evolving Technology That Integrates Classical Methods with Continuous Technological Developments: Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography. Molecules 2021; 26:4647. [PMID: 34361800 PMCID: PMC8347725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography is an evolving technology that integrates the separation and analysis technology of TLC with biological activity detection technology, which has shown a steep rise in popularity over the past few decades. It connects TLC with convenient, economic and intuitive features and bioautography with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we discuss the research progress of TLC bioautography and then establish a definite timeline to introduce it. This review summarizes known TLC bioautography types and practical applications for determining antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant compounds and for inhibiting glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, tyrosinase and cholinesterase activity constitutes. Nowadays, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to identify original, natural products with anti-COVID potential compounds from Chinese traditional medicine and natural medicinal plants. We also give an account of detection techniques, including in situ and ex situ techniques; even in situ ion sources represent a major reform. Considering the current technical innovations, we propose that the technology will make more progress in TLC plates with higher separation and detection technology with a more portable and extensive scope of application. We believe this technology will be diffusely applied in medicine, biology, agriculture, animal husbandry, garden forestry, environmental management and other fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.W.); (B.Y.)
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Yang F, Gu L, Han Z, Wang Z. Rapid screening for natural lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale combining high-performance thin-layer chromatography-bioautography with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1170:122599. [PMID: 33713950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipase inhibitors are an attractive class of hypolipidemic compounds, which inhibit the activity of human pancreatic lipase, thereby preventing the absorption of triglycerides in vivo. As a library of promising lead compounds for drug development, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained growing attention in quick discovery and identification of enzyme inhibitors of natural-origin. The purpose of this work was to discover unknown lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale by the activity oriented analysis method thin-layer chromatography-bioautography, then use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technology via the elution based TLC-MS interface to identify their structures. As a result, eleven natural lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale extracts were identified based on molecular mass and fragment ions obtained by HPTLC-MS, and further confirmed by a series of complementary means including UV spectra, 1H NMR characteristic proton signals and polarity of compounds, eleven lipase inhibitors were tentatively assigned as triterpenoids: alisol B (m/z 495.50 [M + Na]+), alisol B 23-acetate (m/z 537.58 [M + Na]+), 11-deoxy-alisol B (m/z 479.50 [M + Na]+), 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate (m/z 521.50 [M + Na]+), alisol A/epialisol A (m/z 513.50 [M + Na]+), 16-oxo-11-deoxy-alisol A (m/z 511.50 [M + Na]+), 16-oxo-alisol A (527.50 [M + Na] +), alisol C (m/z 509.58 [M + Na]+), alisol C 23-acetate (m/z 551.50 [M + Na]+), alisol M 23-acetate (m/z 567.50 [M + Na]+), and alismanol Q/neoalisol (m/z 493.42 [M + Na]+). The integrated approach is an efficient method for rapid screening lipase inhibitors from complex plant extracts and provides a reasonable and favorable basis for the identification and separation of other enzymatic system and other important compounds with therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuzhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
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Zang Y, Miao Y, Wu T, Cheng Z. Development of a thin-layer chromatography bioautographic assay for neuraminidase inhibitors hyphenated with electrostatic field induced spray ionisation-mass spectrometry for identification of active Isatis indigotica root compounds. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461597. [PMID: 33250163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of neuraminidase inhibitors from natural products is a promising strategy in the field of anti-influenza research. In this study, a new thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautographic assay for the screening of neuraminidase inhibitors from natural products was developed. This TLC bioassay is based on the one-step reaction of neuraminidase with the sodium salt of 5‑bromo‑4‑chloro‑3-indolyl-α-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid (substrate) and the subsequent formation of blue coloured products. Neuraminidase inhibitory activity was shown by the development of white spots against the blue TLC background. The key factors affecting the assay (such as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, incubation time, reaction time, and pH) were investigated and optimised by a combination of a one-factor-at-a-time design and a Box-Behnken design/response surface method. The developed TLC bioautographic method was applied to identify neuraminidase inhibitory compounds in the roots of Isatis indigotica. Eleven active compounds including six alkaloids, three lignans, one sterol, and one fatty acid were identified in situ by direct coupling with an electrostatic field induced spray ionisation-mass spectrometry approach through analysis of their MSn (n = 4) data or comparison with reference substances. The developed TLC bioautographic assay is simple, rapid, and efficient for screening potential neuraminidase inhibitors from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines of Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines of Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Legerská B, Chmelová D, Ondrejovič M, Miertuš S. The TLC-Bioautography as a Tool for Rapid Enzyme Inhibitors detection - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:275-293. [PMID: 32744081 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1797467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms and plants can be important sources of many compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. Extraction of these matrices is one of the ways of identifying the presence of inhibitory active substances against enzymes whose high activity leads to serious human diseases including cancer, Parkinson's or Crohn's diseases. The isolation and purification of inhibitors are time-consuming and expensive steps in the analysis of the crude extract and therefore, it is necessary to find a fast, efficient, and inexpensive method for screening extracts of interest. TLC-Bioautography combines the separation of the extract on a thin layer with its subsequent biological analysis. TLC-Bioautography methods have been developed for several classes of enzymes including oxidoreductases, hydrolases and isomerases, and there is a potential for developing functional methods for other classes of enzymes. This review summarizes known TLC-Bioautography methods and their applications for determining the presence of enzyme inhibitors in extracts and compares the effectiveness of different methodological approaches. It also indicates the current state and perspective of the development of TLC-Bioautography and its possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Legerská
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Chmelová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.,ICARST n.o., Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zang Y, Cheng Z, Wu T. TLC Bioautography on Screening of Bioactive Natural Products: An Update Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666181224145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
TLC bioautography is a hyphenated technique combining planar chromatographic
separation and in situ biological activity detection. This coupled method has been receiving
much attention in screening bio-active natural products because of its properties of being simple, rapid,
inexpensive, and effective.
Methods:
The recent progress in the development of method of TLC bioautography for detecting antimicrobial
and enzyme inhibitory activities dating between 2012 and early 2018 has been reviewed.
The applications of this method in biological screening of natural products were also presented.
Results:
Some anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria and a causative bacterium of tuberculosis have
been adopted to TLC direct bioautography. Seven types of enzymes including acetylcholinesterase,
glucosidase, lipase, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, monoamine oxidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV
have so far been adopted on TLC bioautography. Its new application in screening antiurolithiatic
agents was included.
Conclusion:
The standard experimental procedures are required for TLC antioxidant and antimicrobial
assays. Some new enzymes should be attempted and adopted on TLC bioautography. The existing
TLC methods for enzyme inhibition need more application studies to assess their screening capacity
in the discovery of active compounds. The GC-MS or LC-MS approaches have gradually been
coupled to TLC bioautography for fast structural characterization of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines of Ministry of Education, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Abstract
Enzymatic bioautography enables the detection of enzyme inhibitors absorbed on a thin-layer chromatography plate. Therefore, it is an assay format that is particularly useful for the detection of inhibitors present in complex mixtures. The inhibition properties of compounds separated by thin-layer chromatography can be directly analyzed to produce an inhibition profile. Here, we describe the conditions to detect inhibitor of the enzymes xanthine oxidase and β-glucosidase immobilized on agar gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ayelen Ramallo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mario O Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.
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Azadniya E, Morlock GE. Automated piezoelectric spraying of biological and enzymatic assays for effect-directed analysis of planar chromatograms. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:458-466. [PMID: 31153601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioanalytical questions are more and more solved by bioassays directly in situ the planar separation. If compared to chemical derivatization in situ, several reagent applications on the same chromatogram make the workflow for enzymatic and biological assays more complex. Hence, if compared to piezoelectric spraying of chemical derivatization reagents, an assay transfer to the piezoelectric spraying technique was much more challenging. Important aspects were investigated, i.e., plate pre-wetting, spraying nozzle type and applied volumes for microorganism suspension as well as enzyme and substrate-chromogenic solutions. Finally, with the newly developed piezoelectric spraying procedures for the application of biological (Aliivibrio fischeri) and enzymatic (acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase) assays, several obstacles of the state-of-the-art automated immersion were avoided such as the (1) required high volumes of solutions, (2) tailing of highly water-soluble zones upon slow plate withdrawal, (3) zone distortion or shift observed after previous buffer salt applications or long/slow immersion times/speeds, (4) gradual inactivation of the enzyme solution along with its ongoing re-use, and (5) lack of covering the whole plate surface. The benchmarking of both techniques also showed that simplicity remains the key argument for immersion. As proof of concept, piezoelectrically sprayed autograms were compared with those of immersion, by taking the example of Peganum harmala (P. h.) seed extract. The plate background and thus homogeneity of the applied solutions were found to be almost comparable. Three bands among the pronounced fluorescent bands were responsible for the most antibacterial activity of P. h. seed extract in the A. fischeri bioassay and were also inhibiting the AChE. These AChE and three further BChE inhibitors were detected, whereby the AChE inhibition was twice as strong as the BChE inhibition. By their in situ HRMS spectra, the active zones in the P. h. seed extract were assigned to be the AChE-inhibiting β-carboline alkaloids, harmine, harmaline and ruine, as well as the BChE-inhibiting quinazoline alkaloids, vasicine and deoxyvasicine, and the β-carboline alkaloid harmol. For the first time, the found inhibitors were calculated equivalently to the well-known ChE-inhibitor physostigmine, and thus, piezoelectric spraying was proven to be suited for quantifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Azadniya
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; TransMIT Center of Effect-Directed Analysis, Kerkrader Straße 3, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; TransMIT Center of Effect-Directed Analysis, Kerkrader Straße 3, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
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11
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Micheloni OB, Farroni AE, García P, Furlan RL. Rapid autographic method for detection of enzymatic browning inhibitors based on enzyme immobilization. Food Chem 2018; 269:638-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salazar MO, Osella MI, Ramallo IA, Furlan RLE. Nα-arylsulfonyl histamines as selective β-glucosidase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36209-36218. [PMID: 35558478 PMCID: PMC9088825 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06625f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nα-benzenesulfonylhistamine, a new semi-synthetic β-glucosidase inhibitor, was obtained by bioactivity-guided isolation from a chemically engineered extract of Urtica urens L. prepared by reaction with benzenesulfonyl chloride. In order to identify better β-glucosidase inhibitors, a new series of Nα,Nτ-di-arylsulfonyl and Nα-arylsulfonyl histamine derivatives was prepared. Biological studies revealed that the β-glucosidase inhibition was in a micromolar range for several Nα-arylsulfonyl histamine compounds of the series, Nα-4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl histamine being the most powerful compound. Besides, this reversible and competitive inhibitor presented a good selectivity for β-glucosidase with respect to other target enzymes including α-glucosidase. A selective β-glucosidase inhibitor was discovered using the chemically engineered extracts approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M. O. Salazar
- Farmacognosia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario S2002LRK
| | - M. I. Osella
- Farmacognosia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario S2002LRK
| | - I. A. Ramallo
- Farmacognosia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario S2002LRK
| | - R. L. E. Furlan
- Farmacognosia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario S2002LRK
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Azadniya E, Morlock GE. Bioprofiling of Salvia miltiorrhiza via planar chromatography linked to (bio)assays, high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1533:180-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Krüger S, Hüsken L, Fornasari R, Scainelli I, Morlock G. Effect-directed fingerprints of 77 botanical extracts via a generic high-performance thin-layer chromatography method combined with assays and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1529:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kumar R, Joshi G, Kler H, Kalra S, Kaur M, Arya R. Toward an Understanding of Structural Insights of Xanthine and Aldehyde Oxidases: An Overview of their Inhibitors and Role in Various Diseases. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1073-1125. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Harveen Kler
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Ramandeep Arya
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
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Bräm S, Wolfram E. Recent Advances in Effect-directed Enzyme Assays based on Thin-layer Chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:74-86. [PMID: 28146298 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) together with its more modern form high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a rapid and cost effective analytical tool with a long tradition in quality control of medicinal plants, extracts and natural products. Separated compounds are fixed on the solid silica phase to form a compound library. Through direct coupling of visualisable enzyme reactions on the TLC plate, this compound library can also be used for activity screening. Such TLC-based bioautographic enzyme and enzyme inhibition assays complement first stage development activity screening assays. They provide not only phytochemical results by chromatographic separation, but also additional information about the activity of constituents or fractions in multi-compound mixtures, and thus can reveal and distinguish artefacts generated by certain compound classes. This review summarises recently introduced TLC bioautographic enzyme assays as well as advances in already existing procedures. Bioautographic enzyme and enzyme inhibitory assays offer a rapid, high-throughput method for screening of secondary metabolite profiles for potential enzyme and enzyme inhibitory activities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bräm
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Phytopharmacy and Natural Products Research Group, CH, -8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Phytopharmacy and Natural Products Research Group, CH, -8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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García P, Ramallo IA, Furlan RLE. Reverse Phase Compatible TLC-Bioautography for Detection of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:101-105. [PMID: 27910199 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reverse phase chromatography and bioautographic assays are key tools for natural product bioguided isolation; however, their direct coupling has not been fully achieved. OBJECTIVES To develop a bioautographic assay to detect tyrosinase inhibitors present in complex matrices sorbed on reverse phase (RP) TLC-plates that can be used for bioguided isolation of bioactive compounds. METHODS Enzyme gel entrapment with an amphiphilic copolymer was used for assay development. The gel turns into a brown "skin like" colour due to tyrosinase catalysed oxidation of l-tyrosine. The inhibitors are visualised as clear spots against a brown coloured background. RESULTS The assay was able to localise cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomum cassia essential oil, as its main constituent with known tyrosinase inhibition properties. The assay allowed the detection of 0.03% (w/w) of kojic acid co-spotted with a methanolic extract of Sphaeralcea bonariensis and chromatographed on RP-TLC. CONCLUSION The developed assay is able to detect, with high sensitivity, tyrosinase inhibitors present in complex matrices that were chromatographed in RP-TLC. Results can be easily read by colour change, inhibitors appear as clear spots in a darker background. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR), UNR, CONICET, and Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - I Ayelen Ramallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR), UNR, CONICET, and Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR), UNR, CONICET, and Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Argentina
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Ramallo IA, García P, Furlan RLE. A reversed-phase compatible thin-layer chromatography autography for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Sep Sci 2016; 38:3788-94. [PMID: 26489065 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A dual readout autographic assay to detect acetylcholinesterase inhibitors present in complex matrices adsorbed on reversed-phase or normal-phase thin-layer chromatography plates is described. Enzyme gel entrapment with an amphiphilic copolymer was used for assay development. The effects of substrate and enzyme concentrations, pH, incubation time, and incubation temperature on the sensitivity and the detection limit of the assay were evaluated. Experimental design and response surface methodology were used to optimize conditions with a minimum number of experiments. The assay allowed the detection of 0.01% w/w of physostigmine in both a spiked Sonchus oleraceus L. extract chromatographed on normal phase and a spiked Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore leaf essential oil chromatographed on reversed phase. Finally, the reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography assay was applied to reveal the presence of an inhibitor in the Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf essential oil. The developed assay is able to detect acetylcholinesterase inhibitors present in complex matrixes that were chromatographed in normal phase or reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. The detection limit for physostigmine on both normal and reversed phase was of 1×10(-4) μg. The results can be read by a change in color and/or a change in fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ayelen Ramallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR/CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha, 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paula García
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR/CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha, 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR/CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha, 531, Rosario, Argentina
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Paradowska K, Polak B, Chomicki A, Ginalska G. Establishment of an effective TLC bioautographic method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra phosphoglucose isomerase inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1712-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1151012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Paradowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland and
| | - Beata Polak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Chomicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Ginalska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland and
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Ramallo IA, Salazar MO, Furlan RLE. Thin Layer Chromatography-Autography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Accelerating the Identification of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:404-412. [PMID: 26102595 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevailing treatment for Alzheimer's disease is the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Natural extracts are the principal source of AChE's inhibitors. However, their chemical complexity demands for simple, selective and rapid assays. OBJECTIVE To develop a strategy for identification of AChE inhibitors present in mixtures employing high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC)-biological staining. METHODOLOGY The strategy uses an autographic assay based on the α-naphthyl acetate - fast blue B system for the detection of AChE activity. The immobilisation of AChE in agar allowed the extraction of the compounds for analysis by HRMS. Three TLC experiments employing different solvent systems were used in parallel and the mass spectra of the compounds extracted from the inhibition halos, were compared. The analysis was performed under MatLab environment. RESULTS The strategy was used to detect the presence of physostigmine in an extract of Brassica rapa L. spiked with the inhibitor. Similarly, caffeine was straightforwardly spotted as responsible for the inhibitory properties of an extract of Ilex paraguariensis Saint-Hilaire. Comparison of the HRMS profiles lead to the facile identification of the [M+H](+) and [M+Na](+) of the compounds responsible for the inhibition. CONCLUSION The proposed methodology, coupling TLC-AChE autography-HRMS, illustrates the feasibility of assigning molecular formulas of active compounds present in complex mixtures directly from autography. The new AChE agar-immobilised assay presented a more homogenous colour and a better definition than direct spraying methods, reducing the cost of the assay and improving its sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ayelen Ramallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR/CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mario O Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR/CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR/CONICET-UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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García P, Furlan RLE. Multiresponse Optimisation Applied to the Development of a TLC Autography for the Detection of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:287-292. [PMID: 25808984 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autographic methods are useful tools to detect bioactive compounds in complex matrixes. Experimental design and optimisation techniques were implemented for the development of an autographic assay suitable for the detection of tyrosinase inhibitors. OBJECTIVES To develop an autographic assay to detect tyrosinase inhibitors using gel entrapped enzyme, experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) to optimise conditions with a minimum number of experiments. METHODS Gel entrapment was used for the assay and the effects of four factors on the sensitivity and the detection limit for known inhibitors of the enzyme were evaluated. The factors were: tyrosinase amount (TA), L-tyrosine amount (LTA), incubation time and incubation temperature. RESULTS The assay allowed the detection of kojic acid in an extract of Calamagrostis viridiflavescens (Poir.) Steud spiked with 0.1% w/w. CONCLUSION The developed assay is able to detect tyrosinase inhibitors present in complex matrixes in a reproducible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
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Dewanjee S, Gangopadhyay M, Bhattacharya N, Khanra R, Dua TK. Bioautography and its scope in the field of natural product chemistry. J Pharm Anal 2015; 5:75-84. [PMID: 29403918 PMCID: PMC5761477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits are the sources of huge number of bioactive lead/scaffolds with therapeutic and nutraceutical importance. Bioautography is a means of target-directed isolation of active molecules on chromatogram. Organic solvents employed in chromatographic separation process can be completely removed before biological detection because these solvents cause inactivation of enzymes and/or death of living organisms. They offer a rapid and easy identification of bioactive lead/scaffolds in complex matrices of plant extracts. Bioautography is a technique to isolate hit(s)/lead(s) by employing a suitable chromatographic process followed by a biological detection system. This review critically describes the methodologies to identify antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor lead/scaffolds by employing bioautography. A significant number of examples have been incorporated to authenticate the methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Niloy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tarun K. Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Bayineni VK, Suresh S, Singh G, Kadeppagari RK. Development of a bioautographic method for the detection of lipase inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:784-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morlock GE. Chromatography Combined with Bioassays and Other Hyphenations – The Direct Link to the Compound Indicating the Effect. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1185.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E. Morlock
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Pandey S, Sree A, Dash SS, Sethi DP. A novel method for screening beta-glucosidase inhibitors. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:55. [PMID: 23497098 PMCID: PMC3599609 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few beta-glucosidase inhibitors have so far been reported from microorganisms due to the practical difficulties in performing the inhibition tests and subsequent interpretation of results. In an effort to investigate marine microbial extracts for β-glucosidase inhibitors, we developed a new protocol, using esculin as substrate in an agar plate based assay, to screen a large number of microbial extracts in a short span of time. RESULTS With the new method, pale yellowish zones against the blackish brown background could be visually observed with more clarity in sample extracts where β-glucosidase inhibitor was present. The new method was compared with the closest existing method and established beyond doubt. This agar plate based procedure required about one hour for minimum 12 samples and the throughput increases with the size of the agar gel plate used. CONCLUSIONS The new protocol was simple, rapid and effective in detecting beta-glucosidase inhibitors in microbial extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Pandey
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India.
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Potterat O, Hamburger M. Concepts and technologies for tracking bioactive compounds in natural product extracts: generation of libraries, and hyphenation of analytical processes with bioassays. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:546-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hassan AMS. TLC bioautographic method for detecting lipase inhibitors. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:405-407. [PMID: 22095552 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioautographic assays using TLC play an important role in the search for active compounds from plants. A TLC bioautographic assay has previously been established for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors but not for lipases. OBJECTIVE Development of a TLC bioautographic method for detecting lipase inhibitors in plant extracts. METHODOLOGY After migration of the plant extracts, the TLC plate was sprayed with α-naphtyl acetate and enzyme solutions before incubation at 37°C for 20 min. Finally, the solution of Fast Blue B salt was sprayed onto the TLC plate giving a purple background colouration. RESULTS Lipase inhibitors were visualised as white spots on the TLC plates. Orlistat (a known lipase inhibitor) inhibited lipase down to 0.01 µg. Methanolic extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) kuntz and Rosmarinus officinalis L after migration on TLC gave enzymatic inhibition when applied in amounts of 82 and 56 µg, respectively. On the other hand the methanolic extract of Morus alba leaves did not exhibit any lipase inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION The screening test was able to detect lipase inhibition by pure reference substances and by compounds present in complex matrices, such as plant extracts.
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Cieśla Ł, Kryszeń J, Stochmal A, Oleszek W, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Low-temperature thin-layer chromatography preliminary bioautographic tests for detection of free radical scavengers and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in volatile samples. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ramallo IA, Salazar MO, Mendez L, Furlan RLE. Chemically engineered extracts: source of bioactive compounds. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:241-50. [PMID: 21355557 DOI: 10.1021/ar100106n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological research and drug discovery critically depend on access to libraries of small molecules that have an affinity for biomacromolecules. By virtue of their sustained success as sources of lead compounds, natural products are recognized as "privileged" starting points in structural space for library development. Compared with synthetic compounds, natural products have distinguishing structural properties; indeed, researchers have begun to quantify and catalog the differences between the two classes of molecules. Measurable differences in the number of chiral centers, the degree of saturation, the presence of aromatic rings, and the number of the various heteroatoms are among the chief distinctions between natural and synthetic compounds. Natural products also include a significant proportion of recurring molecular scaffolds that are not present in currently marketed drugs: the bioactivity of these natural substructures has been refined over the long process of evolution. In this Account, we present our research aimed at preparing libraries of semisynthetic compounds, or chemically engineered extracts (CEEs), through chemical diversification of natural products mixtures. The approach relies on the power of numbers, that is, in the chemical alteration of a sizable fraction of the starting complex mixture. Major changes in composition can be achieved through the chemical transformation of reactive molecular fragments that are found in most natural products. If such fragments are common enough, their transformation represents an entry point for chemically altering a high proportion of the components of crude natural extracts. We have searched for common reactive fragments in the Dictionary of Natural Products (CRC Press) and identified several functional groups that are expected to be present in a large fraction of the components of an average natural crude extract. To date, we have used reactions that incorporate (i) nitrogen atoms through carbonyl groups, (ii) sulfur by transformation of -OH and amines, and (iii) bromine through double bonds and aromatic rings. The resulting CEEs had different composition and biomolecular properties than their natural progenitors. We isolated a semisynthetic β-glucosidase inhibitor from a CEE prepared by reaction with benzenesulfonyl chloride, an antifungal pyrazole from a CEE prepared by reaction with hydrazine, and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from a CEE prepared through bromination. Our results illustrate how biological activity can be generated through chemical diversification of natural product mixtures. Moreover, the level of control that can be asserted in the process by judicious design and experimental choices underscores the potential for further development of CEEs in both basic research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Ayelen Ramallo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química de Rosario (Conicet-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mario O. Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química de Rosario (Conicet-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciana Mendez
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química de Rosario (Conicet-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Instituto de Química de Rosario (Conicet-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Méndez L, Salazar MO, Ramallo IA, Furlan RLE. Brominated extracts as source of bioactive compounds. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:200-4. [PMID: 21395346 DOI: 10.1021/co100073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and the biomolecular properties of a crude plant extract were altered through bromination leading to the discovery of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
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Salazar MO, Micheloni O, Escalante AM, Furlan RLE. Discovery of a β-glucosidase inhibitor from a chemically engineered extract prepared through sulfonylation. Mol Divers 2011; 15:713-9. [PMID: 21207143 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A semisynthetic β-glucosidase inhibitor was identified from a chemically engineered extract prepared by reaction with benzenesulfonyl chloride. The structure includes a natural histamine portion and a benzenesulfonyl portion introduced during the diversification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Salazar
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Marston A. Thin-layer chromatography with biological detection in phytochemistry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:2676-83. [PMID: 21236438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioautography on thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plates is a means of detecting the biological activity of a sample which has migrated on the plate with a suitable solvent. It only requires small amounts of sample and is ideal for the investigation of plant constituents, which often occur as complex mixtures. It can be used for the target-directed isolation of these constituents. In contrast to HPLC, many samples can be run at the same time on TLC. Organic solvents, which cause inactivation of enzymes or death of living organisms, can be completely removed before biological detection. Many bioassays are compatible with TLC. Antimicrobial, radical scavenging, antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibition feature among the tests that are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marston
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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Morlock G, Schwack W. Hyphenations in planar chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6600-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simões-Pires CA, Hmicha B, Marston A, Hostettmann K. A TLC bioautographic method for the detection of alpha- and beta-glucosidase inhibitors in plant extracts. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2009; 20:511-515. [PMID: 19774543 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bioautographic assays using TLC play an important role in the search for active compounds from plants. A TLC assay has previously been established for the detection of beta-glucosidase inhibitors but not for alpha-glucosidase. Nonetheless, alpha-glucosidase inhibition is an important target for therapeutic agents against of type 2 diabetes and anti-viral infections. OBJECTIVE To develop a TLC bioautographic method to detect alpha- and beta-glucosidase inhibitors in plant extracts. METHODOLOGY The enzymes alpha- and beta-d-glucosidase were dissolved in sodium acetate buffer. After migration of the samples, the TLC plate was sprayed with enzyme solution and incubated at room temperature for 60 min in the case of alpha-d-glucosidase, and 37 degrees C for 20 min in the case of beta-d-glucosidase. For detection of the active enzyme, solutions of 2-naphthyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside or 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and Fast Blue Salt were mixed at a ratio of 1 : 1 (for alpha-d-glucosidase) or 1 : 4 (for beta-d-glucosidase) and sprayed onto the plate to give a purple background colouration after 2-5 min. RESULTS Enzyme inhibitors were visualised as white spots on the TLC plates. Conduritol B epoxide inhibited alpha-d-glucosidase and beta-d-glucosidase down to 0.1 microg. Methanol extracts of Tussilago farfara and Urtica dioica after migration on TLC gave enzymatic inhibition when applied in amounts of 100 microg for alpha-glucosidase and 50 microg for beta-glucosidase. CONCLUSION The screening test was able to detect inhibition of alpha- and beta-glucosidases by pure reference substances and by compounds present in complex matrices, such as plant extracts.
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Salazar MO, Ramallo IA, Micheloni O, Sierra MG, Furlan RLE. Chemically engineered extracts: bioactivity alteration through sulfonylation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5067-70. [PMID: 19635668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and the biomolecular properties of a series of crude plant extracts were altered without previous knowledge of their detailed chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Salazar
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042
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