1
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Perceptions of causal attribution and attitudes to genetic testing among people with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1147-1154. [PMID: 35577937 PMCID: PMC9553941 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in the genetics of psychiatric disorders mean that diagnostic and predictive genetic testing for schizophrenia risk may one day be a reality. This study examined how causal attributions for schizophrenia contribute to interest in a hypothetical genetic test. People with schizophrenia and first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia were recruited through a schizophrenia research bank and mental health organisation. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 13 individuals with schizophrenia and 8 first-degree relatives. Transcripts were subjected to a qualitative analysis using the thematic analysis framework. Five themes were developed: (i) "It is like a cocktail", with most participants aware that both genetic and environmental factors contributed to causation, and many mentioning the positive impact of genetic causal explanations; (ii) "Knowledge is power" (i.e., in favour of genetic testing); (iii) Genetic testing provides opportunities for early intervention and avoiding triggers, with participants citing a wide range of perceived benefits of genetic testing but few risks; (iv) Views on reproductive genetic testing for schizophrenia risk with a few participants viewing it as "playing God" but not necessarily being against it; and (v) "It snowballs", whereby participants' understanding of genetics was sophisticated with most believing that multiple rather than single genes contributed to schizophrenia. In conclusion, many individuals had a sound understanding of the role of genetic testing if it were to become available, with evidence of insight into the role of multiple genes and the contribution of other risk factors that may interact with any inherited genetic risk.
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2
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Van den Adel B, Inglis A, Austin J. An internship in psychiatric genetic counseling: Impact on genetic counseling graduates' practice and career choices. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:1071-1079. [PMID: 35438217 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Though psychiatric genetic counseling has been shown to have meaningful positive impacts on patient outcomes, there is currently only one specialist psychiatric genetic counseling clinic (located in Vancouver, BC). The service is inconsistently offered elsewhere, leaving this patient population largely underserved. In an effort to expand psychiatric genetic counseling, the clinic in Vancouver has been providing specialist internship training to genetic counseling students since 2012. This study explored the impact of the internship training on genetic counseling graduates' careers. Using an interpretive description approach, we recorded and transcribed interviews with past interns. Coding and data analysis were conducted concurrently. The interview guide was iteratively revised through the interview process and memoing was used to record ideas about the data and interviews throughout. From interviews with 15 past interns, we generated a theoretical model-'a fragile dream, easily broken'-describing the impact of the training on participants' careers. Completing an internship in psychiatric genetic counseling positively influenced participants' desire to provide psychiatric genetic counseling; however, most were unable to find work in the subspecialty. Some participants made efforts to create specialist positions for themselves, but setbacks and hurdles left many feeling defeated, resulting in them accepting established roles in other disciplines. We contextualize our findings in a discussion of what may be needed in order to successfully expand psychiatric genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Van den Adel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Inglis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jehannine Austin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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A cross-sectional study of the relationship between CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 variations and depression symptoms, for women taking SSRIs during pregnancy. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:355-365. [PMID: 34231053 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression during pregnancy affects 10-15% of women, and 5% of women take antidepressants during pregnancy. Clinical guidelines provide recommendations for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug choice and dose based on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype; however, they are based on evidence from non-pregnant cohorts. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that women with function-altering variants (increased, decreased, or no function) in these pharmacogenes, taking SSRIs prenatally, would have more depression symptoms than women whose pharmacogenetic variants are associated with normal SSRI metabolism. Comprehensive CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotyping using a range of methods, including gene copy number analysis, was performed as secondary analyses on two longitudinal cohorts of pregnant women (N = 83) taking the SSRIs paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, or sertraline. The Kruskal-Wallis test compared mean depression scores across four predicted metabolizer groups: poor (n = 5), intermediate (n = 10), normal (n = 53), and ultrarapid (n = 15). There were no significant differences between mean depression scores across the four metabolizer groups (H(3) = .73, p = .87, eta-squared = .029, epsilon-squared = .0089). This is the first study of the relationship in pregnancy between CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic variations and depression symptoms in the context of SSRI use. Findings from this initial study do not support the clinical use of pharmacogenetic testing for SSRI use during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy, but these findings should be confirmed in larger cohorts. There is an urgent need for further research to clarify the utility of pharmacogenetic testing for pregnant women, especially as companies offering direct-to-consumer genetic testing expand their marketing efforts.
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4
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Chawner SJ, Watson CJ, Owen MJ. Clinical evaluation of patients with a neuropsychiatric risk copy number variant. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 68:26-34. [PMID: 33461126 PMCID: PMC8219523 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several copy number variants (CNVs) have been identified to confer high risk for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Because of advances in genetic testing within clinical settings, patients are increasingly receiving diagnoses of copy number variant genomic disorders. However, clinical guidelines surrounding assessment and management are limited. This review synthesises recent research and makes preliminary recommendations regarding the clinical evaluation of patients with neuropsychiatric risk CNVs. We recommend multi-system assessment beyond the initial referral reason, recognition of the potential need for co-ordinated multidisciplinary care, and that interventions take account of relevant multimorbidity. The frequently complex needs of patients with CNVs across the life-course pose challenges for many health care systems and may be best provided for by the establishment of specialist clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jra Chawner
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK; Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cameron J Watson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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5
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Morris E, Batallones R, Ryan J, Slomp C, Carrion P, Albert A, Austin J. Psychiatric genetic counseling for serious mental illness: Impact on psychopathology and psychotropic medication adherence. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113663. [PMID: 33360966 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For people with serious mental illness (SMI) (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder), psychiatric genetic counseling (PGC) has been shown to significantly increase empowerment and illness management self-efficacy. While these outcomes are important, they are also theoretical precursors for behavior changes (e.g. improved medication adherence), and improved mental health. Therefore, we conducted the first study (repeated-measures/within-subjects design) to test the hypothesis that PGC would reduce psychiatric symptoms due to increased medication adherence. Between 2013-2018, we recruited N = 109 individuals (age 19-72) with SMI and administered the short Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (short-PANSS) and Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS) at four timepoints; twice Pre-PGC (T1: 1-month Pre-PGC and T2: immediately Pre-PGC), to assess change in adherence/symptoms without any intervention (internal control condition), and twice Post-PGC (T3: 1-month and T4: 2-months Post-PGC), to assess impact of PGC. A quantile regression model investigated the relationships between short-PANSS, timepoints, and BARS. There was a significant relationship between short-PANSS and timepoints at the 75th (T4 short-PANSS scores < T1 and T2) and 90th quantiles (T4 short-PANSS scores < T2), but these results were not explained by improved medication adherence. PGC for SMI may reduce psychiatric symptoms, but confirmatory work and studies to examine mechanism are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Morris
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rolan Batallones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jane Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caitlin Slomp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Prescilla Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jehannine Austin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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6
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Polygenic risk scores for genetic counseling in psychiatry: Lessons learned from other fields of medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:119-127. [PMID: 33301779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may aid in the identification of individuals at-risk for psychiatric disorders, treatment optimization, and increase in prognostic accuracy. PRS may also add significant value to genetic counseling. Thus far, integration of PRSs in genetic counseling sessions remains problematic because of uncertainties in risk prediction and other concerns. Here, we review the current utility of PRSs in the context of clinical psychiatry. By comprehensively appraising the literature in other fields of medicine including breast cancer, Alzheimer's Disease, and cardiovascular disease, we outline several lessons learned that could be applied to future studies and may thus benefit the incorporation of PRS in psychiatric genetic counseling. These include integrating PRS with environmental factors (e.g. lifestyle), setting up large-scale studies, and applying reproducible methods allowing for cross-validation between cohorts. We conclude that psychiatry may benefit from experiences in these fields. PRS may in future have a role in genetic counseling in clinical psychiatric practice, by advancing prevention strategies and treatment decision-making, thus promoting quality of life for (potentially) affected individuals.
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Abstract
Most psychiatric disorders of pediatric and adult onset are caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Risk assessment in genetic counseling is correspondingly complicated. Outside of neurodevelopmental conditions, genetic and genomic testing has not achieved clinical utility. Genetic counselors most often base risk assessment on the client's medical and family history and empiric recurrence risk data. In rare cases significant familial risk may arise from variants of large effect. New approaches such as polygenic risk scores have the potential to inform diagnosis and management of affected individuals and risk status for at-risk individuals. Research on the genetic and environmental factors that increase risk for schizophrenia and etiologically related disorders are reviewed, guidance in determining and communicating risks to families is delivered, and new opportunities and challenges that will come with translating new research findings to psychiatric risk assessment and genetic counseling are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Landrum Peay
- Center for Newborn Screening, Ethics, and Disability Studies, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27703, USA
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8
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Heiman GA, Rispoli J, Seymour C, Leckman JF, King RA, Fernandez TV. Empiric Recurrence Risk Estimates for Chronic Tic Disorders: Implications for Genetic Counseling. Front Neurol 2020; 11:770. [PMID: 32849224 PMCID: PMC7432137 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tourette disorder (TD) and other chronic tic disorders are neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Family studies indicate that TD strongly aggregates within families and that other chronic tic disorders are biologically related such that studies typically combine them into any chronic tic disorder (CTD). Because of stigma, bullying, and comorbidity with other neuropsychiatric disorders, CTDs can severely impact the quality of life of individuals with these disorders. Objectives: The genetic architecture of CTDs is complex and heterogeneous, involving a myriad of genetic variants. Thus, providing familial recurrence risks is based on empirical recurrence risk estimates rather than genetic testing. Because empiric recurrence risks for CTDs have not been published, the purpose of this study is to calculate and report these recurrence risks estimates. Methods: Based on population prevalence and increased risk to different relatives from a large population-based family study, we calculated the empiric recurrent risk estimate for each relative type (full sibling, parents, offspring, all first-degree, and all second-degree). Results: The recurrence risk estimate for CTDs in first-degree relatives is 29.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.2-38.5%]. The risk is higher in males, 33.7% (95% CI = 26.2-43.3%), than females, 24.3% (95% CI = 18.9-31.3%). Conclusions: Given the complex, heterogeneous genetic architecture of CTDs, individuals concerned about recurrence risk should be referred to genetic counseling. Such counseling should include discussion of the derivation and limitations of these empiric recurrence risk estimates, including the upper and lower limits of the range of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Heiman
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jessica Rispoli
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Christine Seymour
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert A. King
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas V. Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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9
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Austin JC. Evidence-Based Genetic Counseling for Psychiatric Disorders: A Road Map. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036608. [PMID: 31501264 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder, are common conditions that arise as a result of complex and heterogeneous combinations of genetic and environmental factors. In contrast to childhood neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism and intellectual disability, there are no clinical practice guidelines for applying genetic testing in the context of these conditions. But genetic counseling and genetic testing are not synonymous, and people who live with psychiatric disorders and their family members are often interested in what psychiatric genetic counseling can offer. Further, research shows that it can improve outcomes like empowerment for this population. Despite this, psychiatric genetic counseling is not yet routinely or widely offered. This review describes the state of the evidence about the process and outcomes of psychiatric genetic counseling, focusing on its clinical implications and remaining research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehannine C Austin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.,BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2A9, Canada
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10
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Martorell L, Sanfeliu A, Blázquez A, Lojo E, Cortés MJ, de Pablo J, Vilella E. Genetics and genetic counseling in psychiatry: Results from an opinion survey of professionals and users. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e830. [PMID: 31254460 PMCID: PMC6687663 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heritability of several psychiatric disorders is high, and specific at‐risk variants have been identified. Therefore, genetic counseling and genetic testing can be prescribed to some psychiatric patients, but these services are not standardized for most of the population. The aims of the study were to gather opinions from mental health professionals and users regarding (a) the genetics of psychiatric disorders and (b) the usefulness of a genetic counseling unit in psychiatry. Methods The survey was conducted in the province of Tarragona (Spain), and we analyzed 152 valid questionnaires from professionals and 959 from users. Results Sixty‐one percent of professionals strongly believed that psychiatric disorders have a genetic basis, and 59% rated a genetic counseling unit in psychiatry as very or extremely useful. However, only a few professionals reported that patients asked them about the genetics of their diseases (12%) or the possibility of transmitting the disease to offspring (19%). Forty‐seven percent of users strongly believed that psychiatric disorders have a genetic basis, 30% responded that they talked with their families about the genetics of their diseases, and 43% were worried about transmitting the disease to offspring; however, only 14% reported that their psychiatrist had talked to them about this topic. Remarkably, 80% of users would consider a genetic counseling unit very or extremely useful. Conclusions The present study showed that mental health professionals were more aware of the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders than users, and both considered the implementation of a genetic counseling service very useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annabel Sanfeliu
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Blázquez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elia Lojo
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria José Cortés
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan de Pablo
- Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital. UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) are heritable conditions that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of AN have identified specific genetic loci implicated in AN, and genetic correlations have implicated both psychiatric and metabolic factors in its origin. No GWAS have been performed for BN or BED. Genetic counseling is an important tool and can aid families and patients in understanding risk for these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lauren Blake
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Cummings Life Science Center, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jehannine Austin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Translational Lab Building Room a3-112 - 3rd Floor, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Translational Lab Building Room a3-112 - 3rd Floor, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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12
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Nurnberger JI, Austin J, Berrettini WH, Besterman AD, DeLisi LE, Grice DE, Kennedy JL, Moreno-De-Luca D, Potash JB, Ross DA, Schulze TG, Zai G. What Should a Psychiatrist Know About Genetics? Review and Recommendations From the Residency Education Committee of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. J Clin Psychiatry 2018; 80:17nr12046. [PMID: 30549495 PMCID: PMC6480395 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17nr12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The International Society of Psychiatric Genetics (ISPG) created a Residency Education Committee with the purpose of identifying key genetic knowledge that should be taught in psychiatric training programs. Thirteen committee members were appointed by the ISPG Board of Directors, based on varied training, expertise, gender, and national origin. The Committee has met quarterly for the past 2 years, with periodic reports to the Board and to the members of the Society. The information summarized includes the existing literature in the field of psychiatric genetics and the output of ongoing large genomics consortia. An outline of clinically relevant areas of genetic knowledge was developed, circulated, and approved. This document was expanded and annotated with appropriate references, and the manuscript was developed. Specific information regarding the contribution of common and rare genetic variants to major psychiatric disorders and treatment response is now available. Current challenges include the following: (1) Genetic testing is recommended in the evaluation of autism and intellectual disability, but its use is limited in current clinical practice. (2) Commercial pharmacogenomic testing is widely available, but its utility has not yet been clearly established. (3) Other methods, such as whole exome and whole genome sequencing, will soon be clinically applicable. The need for informed genetic counseling in psychiatry is greater than ever before, knowledge in the field is rapidly growing, and genetic education should become an integral part of psychiatric training.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Nurnberger
- 320 W 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jehannine Austin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron D Besterman
- University of California Los Angeles Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James B Potash
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Ross
- Yale University School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Roberts LW, Tsungmey T, Kim JP, Hantke M. Views of the importance of psychiatric genetic research by potential volunteers from stakeholder groups. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:69-73. [PMID: 30292779 PMCID: PMC6333463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored potential volunteers' attitudes toward genetic research. To address this gap in the literature, we developed an empirical project to document views held by individuals who may wish to enroll in genetic studies involving mental disorders. People living with mental illness, family members of people with mental illness, and community comparison volunteers were queried regarding their views on the importance of genetic research generally, in comparison with medical research, and in relation to 12 health conditions categorized in four types. T-tests and univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used as appropriate. Participants expressed support for the importance of genetic research (mean = 9.43, scale = 1-10) and endorsed genetic research more highly compared with non-genetic medical research (mean = 9.43 vs. 8.69, P value = <0.001). The most highly endorsed genetic research was for cognitive disorders, followed by mental illness disorders, physical illness disorders, and addiction disorders (means = 8.88, 8.26, 8.16 and 7.55, respectively, P value = <0.001). Overall, this study provides evidence of strong endorsement of genetic research over non-genetic research by potential volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weiss Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA.
| | - Tenzin Tsungmey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Jane Paik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Melinda Hantke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
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14
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Borle K, Morris E, Inglis A, Austin J. Risk communication in genetic counseling: Exploring uptake and perception of recurrence numbers, and their impact on patient outcomes. Clin Genet 2018; 94:239-245. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Borle
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - E. Morris
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - A. Inglis
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - J. Austin
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
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15
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Ghidini A, Bianchi DW. Prenatal testing for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:3-5. [PMID: 28097708 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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