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Chow EJ, Beigi RH, Riley LE, Uyeki TM. Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Antivirals for Influenza in Pregnancy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab138. [PMID: 34189160 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics result in substantial health care burden annually. Early initiation of antiviral treatment of influenza has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and duration of illness. Pregnant and postpartum women may be at increased risk for influenza-associated complications; however, pregnant women have been generally excluded from clinical trials of antiviral treatment of influenza. In this review, we summarize the available evidence on the clinical effectiveness and safety of antiviral treatment of pregnant women with influenza. Observational data show a reduction of severe outcomes when pregnant and postpartum women are treated with oseltamivir and other neuraminidase inhibitors without increased risk of adverse maternal, fetal, or neonatal outcomes. Due to lack of safety and efficacy data for baloxavir treatment of pregnant and postpartum women, baloxavir is currently not recommended for use in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chow
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard H Beigi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Lambelet V, Vouga M, Pomar L, Favre G, Gerbier E, Panchaud A, Baud D. SARS-CoV-2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1641-1654. [PMID: 32453451 PMCID: PMC7283830 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has resulted in millions of cases and more than 200 000 deaths worldwide. The clinical course among nonpregnant women has been described, but data about potential risks for women and their fetus remain scarce. The SARS and MERS epidemics were responsible for miscarriages, adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, and maternal deaths. For COVID-19 infection, only nine cases of maternal death have been reported as of 22 April 2020, and pregnant women seem to develop the same clinical presentation as the general population. However, severe maternal cases, as well as prematurity, fetal distress, and stillbirth among newborns have been reported. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic greatly impacts prenatal management and surveillance and raise the need for clear unanimous guidelines. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2) risks and consequences on pregnancies, and we summarize available current candidate therapeutic options for pregnant women. Finally, we compare current guidance proposed by The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the World Health Organization to give an overview of prenatal management which should be utilized until future data appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Lambelet
- Materno‐Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department of Woman‐Mother‐ChildLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Manon Vouga
- Materno‐Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department of Woman‐Mother‐ChildLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Léo Pomar
- Materno‐Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department of Woman‐Mother‐ChildLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Materno‐Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department of Woman‐Mother‐ChildLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Eva Gerbier
- Materno‐Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department of Woman‐Mother‐ChildLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Service of PharmacyLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alice Panchaud
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Lausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Service of PharmacyLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - David Baud
- Materno‐Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department of Woman‐Mother‐ChildLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
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3
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Chambers CD, Johnson D, Xu R, Luo Y, Jones KL. Oseltamivir use in pregnancy: Risk of birth defects, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age infants. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1487-1493. [PMID: 31397112 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infection during pregnancy increases risks for adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. For this reason, treatment for infection or postexposure prophylaxis with a neuraminidase inhibitor, such as oseltamivir, may be needed. METHODS Between 2009 and 2017, the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) MotherToBaby Pregnancy Studies enrolled pregnant women in the United States and Canada who were or were not treated with oseltamivir in a prospective cohort study. Data were collected on major birth defects, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age birth size. Crude relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these outcomes. RESULTS There were 716 subjects available for analysis; 112 were exposed to oseltamivir sometime in pregnancy and 604 were unexposed. 2/30 (6.7%) first-trimester-exposed pregnancies resulted in a fetus or infant with one or more major birth defects compared to 48/604 (7.9%) in the unexposed cohort (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.19, 2.80). There were no spontaneous abortions reported. Risk of preterm delivery was not elevated in exposed versus comparison women (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.26, 1.63). RRs for small for gestational age infants on weight, length, and head circumference following oseltamivir exposure anytime in pregnancy ranged from 0.70 to 1.30 with all 95% CIs including 1. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of increased risks with oseltamivir for any of the outcomes evaluated. While numbers are small, these data are reassuring for pregnant women who need to be treated for infection or for postexposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Diana Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ronghui Xu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yunjun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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4
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Van Bennekom CM, Kerr SM, Mitchell AA. Oseltamivir exposure in pregnancy and the risk of specific birth defects. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1479-1486. [PMID: 31397115 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza during pregnancy contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. Neuraminidase inhibitors, including oseltamivir, are recommended for treating women with influenza during pregnancy. METHODS Data from the Slone Birth Defects Study from 2009 to 2015 were used to investigate associations between oseltamivir and specific birth defects. We classified exposures according to timing in pregnancy and examined 52 and 16 defects with early and potential late pregnancy etiology, respectively; we calculated crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for defects with three or more exposures. RESULTS Among 8,379 cases and 4,190 nonmalformed controls, we identified 79 and 42 oseltamivir exposures, respectively. The majority of defects had no exposures. ORs were elevated for several defects, but the CI excluded the null only for intestinal malrotation (OR: 10.7 [1.8, 45.2]; three exposures). CONCLUSIONS Largely null findings for specific defects are reassuring. The association with intestinal malrotation, while unstable, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M Kerr
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allen A Mitchell
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ehrenstein V, Kristensen NR, Monz BU, Clinch B, Kenwright A, Sørensen HT. Oseltamivir in pregnancy and birth outcomes. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:519. [PMID: 30326840 PMCID: PMC6192366 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal exposure to influenza or fever is associated with risk of congenital malformations. Oseltamivir is used to treat influenza and to provide post-exposure prophylaxis. We examined the association between oseltamivir use during pregnancy and birth outcomes. Methods This was a nationwide registry-based prevalence study with individual level data linkage, in a setting of universal health care access. We included all recorded pregnancies in Denmark in 2002–2013, and used data from population registries to examine associations between dispensings for oseltamivir during pregnancy (first trimester, second/third trimester, none) and congenital malformations, foetal death, preterm birth, foetal growth, and low 5-min Apgar score. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using propensity score matching. Results The study included 946,176 pregnancies. Of these, 449 had first-trimester exposure and 1449 had second/third-trimester exposure to oseltamivir. Adjusted ORs following first-trimester exposure were 0.94 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.83) for any major congenital malformation and 1.75 (95% CI 0.51 to 5.98) for congenital heart defects, based on 7 exposed cases. The association with congenital heart defects was present for etiologically implausible exposure periods and for known safe exposures. There was no evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to oseltamivir and any of the other birth outcomes assessed. Conclusions The study does not provide evidence of risk associated with oseltamivir treatment additional to that associated with influenza infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3423-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ehrenstein
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Nickolaj Risbo Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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6
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Cottreau JM, Barr VO. A Review of Antiviral and Antifungal Use and Safety during Pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 36:668-78. [PMID: 27139037 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral and antifungal use in pregnancy presents challenges because of the paucity of clinical and safety data for many agents in these classes. If untreated, viral and fungal infections can have deleterious effects on both maternal and fetal health. Understanding the use and risks of these medications in pregnancy is vital to provide appropriate care. This article reviews the current literature for the use of antiviral and antifungals, the pharmacokinetics of these agents, and their safety in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Cottreau
- Department of Pharmacy, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viktorija O Barr
- Department of Pharmacy, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Amancio RT, Acra CM, Souza Dantas VCD. Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation as an indispensable tool for a successful treatment of a pregnant woman with H1N1 infection in Brazil. Respir Med Case Rep 2017; 20:133-136. [PMID: 28217438 PMCID: PMC5300303 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo T. Amancio
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Lúcia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Hospital e Maternidade Santa Lúcia. Rua Capitão Salomão, 27, Humaitá, Rio de Janeiro 22271-040, Brazil.Hospital e Maternidade Santa LúciaRua Capitão Salomão27, HumaitáRio de Janeiro22271-040Brazil
| | - Celina Machado Acra
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Lúcia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vicente Cés de Souza Dantas
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital e Maternidade Santa Lúcia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Gabas T, Leruez-Ville M, Le Mercier D, Lortholary O, Lecuit M, Charlier C. [Influenza and pregnancy]. Presse Med 2015; 44:639-46. [PMID: 26033556 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses. The virus is responsible for pandemics by emergence of new viral strains, then for seasonal flu by antigenic drift. Seasonal flu is more frequent and severe in pregnant women, with increased risk of pneumonia and increased risk of hospitalization (but no increased death reported). Pandemic flu is more severe in pregnant women, with increased risk of pneumonia and increased mortality. Influenza vaccination is recommended for all women who are or will be pregnant (in any trimester) during influenza season. After closed contact with a flu case or in case of symptoms compatible with flu, early oseltamivir-based treatment (prophylactic in the first situation, curative in the latter one) is recommended, at any term of pregnancy. The occurrence of flu symptoms in a pregnant woman requires medical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis or identify any alternative infection requiring appropriate therapy like listeriosis, chorioamniotitis, pyelonephritis or viral primo-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabas
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, institut Imagine, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marianne Leruez-Ville
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, service de microbiologie, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Mercier
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, service d'obstétrique, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, institut Imagine, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, institut Imagine, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, unité de biologie des infections, Inserm U1117, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Charlier
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, institut Imagine, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, unité de biologie des infections, Inserm U1117, 75015 Paris, France.
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10
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Wiwanitkit V. Rates and effectiveness of antiviral use among hospitalized influenza patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:835-42. [PMID: 25968485 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1043890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The influenza virus is currently a global public health problem. There are several thousand cases of classic and newly emerging atypical influenza virus infections around the world annually. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to managing influenza outbreaks. Some influenza treatments have proven to be more useful than others. A standard antiviral drug has been developed and is recommended for the management of hospitalized influenza patients. This article briefly outlines the rates and effectiveness of antiviral use among hospitalized influenza patients. It also discusses some important considerations regarding controversial issues and future perspectives on antiviral use for the management of hospitalized influenza patients.
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Takeda S, Hisano M, Komano J, Yamamoto H, Sago H, Yamaguchi K. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and its usefulness to mothers and their young infants. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:238-46. [PMID: 25708925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current approach to protecting pregnant women from influenza infection and serious influenza-related complications is vaccination. It is, therefore, critical to evaluate the vaccine's safety, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy during pregnancy. However, because it is affected by previous influenza vaccination or infection, the efficacy of the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is difficult to evaluate in pregnant women. The A/H1N1pdm pandemic in 2009 provided us with the opportunity to evaluate the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine unaffected by previous vaccinations or infections. Vaccination with inactivated influenza virus during pregnancy elicited neutralizing antibody titers that were sufficient and comparable to those of naturally infected individuals. Furthermore, post-pandemic surveys provided a wealth of definitive information on vaccine efficacy and safety. In addition, transplacental transfer of antibodies following vaccination protected newborn infants against influenza infection. With reports showing the effectiveness of influenza vaccine during pregnancy, it is suggested that influenza vaccination benefits both mothers and their young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeda
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Michi Hisano
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Jun Komano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Virology Division, 3-69, Nakamichi 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Koushi Yamaguchi
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2014; 10:643-60. [PMID: 25311587 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between maternal infection and schizophrenia or autism in the progeny. Animal models have revealed maternal immune activation (mIA) to be a profound risk factor for neurochemical and behavioural abnormalities in the offspring. Microglial priming has been proposed as a major consequence of mIA, and represents a critical link in a causal chain that leads to the wide spectrum of neuronal dysfunctions and behavioural phenotypes observed in the juvenile, adult or aged offspring. Such diversity of phenotypic outcomes in the mIA model are mirrored by recent clinical evidence suggesting that infectious exposure during pregnancy is also associated with epilepsy and, to a lesser extent, cerebral palsy in children. Preclinical research also suggests that mIA might precipitate the development of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Here, we summarize and critically review the emerging evidence that mIA is a shared environmental risk factor across CNS disorders that varies as a function of interactions between genetic and additional environmental factors. We also review ongoing clinical trials targeting immune pathways affected by mIA that may play a part in disease manifestation. In addition, future directions and outstanding questions are discussed, including potential symptomatic, disease-modifying and preventive treatment strategies.
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