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Tablit S, Krache R, Amroune S, Jawaid M, Hachaichi A, Ismail AS, Meraj A. Effect of chemical treatments of arundo donax L. fibre on mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA/PP blend composite filament for FDM 3D printing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106438. [PMID: 38359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Arundo donax L. is investigated in this study as a suitable reinforcing agent for PLA/PP waste blend 3D printing filament. To improve the compatibility of the fibre and polymer, the Arundo fibre was chemically modified using alkali and silane treatment. Untreated and treated fibres were extruded with Polymer blends before being 3D printed. Effect of chemical treatment on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the composites was investigated. The tensile, Izod impact, and water absorption of the 3D printed specimens were also tested. The Alkali treated (ALK) and combination of alkali and silane treatment (SLN) composites displayed good results. Tensile strength and modulus of the materials increased, as well as their maintained stability in the Izod impact test, demonstrating that the incorporation of ArF did not result in a loss in performance. SEM examination supported these findings by confirming the creation of beneficial interfacial contacts between the matrix and fibre components, as demonstrated by the lack of void between the matrix and the fibre surface. Furthermore, the alkali treatment of the ArF resulted in a considerable reduction in water absorption inside the biocomposite, with a 64% reduction seen in ALK composite comparison to the untreated composite (Un). After the 43-day assessment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Tablit
- Laboratory Multiphas Polymeric Materials (LMPMP), Faculty of Technology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Rachida Krache
- Laboratory Multiphas Polymeric Materials (LMPMP), Faculty of Technology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif, Algeria
| | - Salah Amroune
- Laboratory of Materials and Mechanics of Structures (LMMS), Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Mohamed BOUDIAF University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amina Hachaichi
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, El Anasser, Bordj Bou Arreridj, 34030, Algeria
| | - Ahmad Safwan Ismail
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aatikah Meraj
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Derivates, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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2
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Anwajler B, Witek-Krowiak A. Three-Dimensional Printing of Multifunctional Composites: Fabrication, Applications, and Biodegradability Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7531. [PMID: 38138674 PMCID: PMC10744785 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, with its wide range of printable materials, and ability to minimize material usage, reduce labor costs, and minimize waste, has sparked a growing enthusiasm among researchers for the production of advanced multifunctional composites. This review evaluates recent reports on polymer composites used in 3D printing, and their printing techniques, with special emphasis on composites containing different types of additives (inorganic and biomass-derived) that support the structure of the prints. Possible applications for additive 3D printing have also been identified. The biodegradation potential of polymeric biocomposites was analyzed and possible pathways for testing in different environments (aqueous, soil, and compost) were identified, including different methods for evaluating the degree of degradation of samples. Guidelines for future research to ensure environmental safety were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Anwajler
- Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Yu W, Sun L, Li M, Li M, Lei W, Wei C. FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBS/PLA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4305. [PMID: 37959985 PMCID: PMC10649279 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were chosen as raw materials and melt blended by a twin screw extruder and pelletized; then, the pellets were extruded into filaments; after that, various PBS/PLA blending samples were prepared by Fused Deposition Molding (FDM) 3D printing technology using the filaments obtained and the effect of the dosage of PBS on technological properties of 3D-printed specimens was investigated. For comparison, the PLA specimen was also prepared by FDM printing. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, thermal stability, and hydrophilicity became poorer with increasing the dosage of PBS, while the flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and crystallinity increased first and then decreased. The blend containing 10% PBS (10% PBS/PLA) had the greatest flexural strength of 60.12 MPa, tensile modulus of 2360.04 MPa, impact strength of 89.39 kJ/m2, and crystallinity of 7.4%, which were increased by 54.65%, 61.04%, 14.78%, and 51.02% compared to those of printed PLA, respectively; this blend also absorbed the least water than any other specimen when immersed in water. Different from the transparent PLA filament, 10% PBS/PLA filament presented a milky white appearance. The printed 10% PBS/PLA specimen had a smooth surface, while the surface of the printed PLA was rough. All the results indicated that the printed 10% PBS/PLA specimen had good comprehensive properties, including improved mechanical properties, crystallization performance, and surface quality than PLA, as well as proper wettability and water absorption. The prominent conclusion achieved in this work was that 10% PBS/PLA should be an ideal candidate for biodegradable feedstock among all the PBS/PLA blends for FDM 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Meihui Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaohui Wei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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4
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Anwajler B, Zdybel E, Tomaszewska-Ciosk E. Innovative Polymer Composites with Natural Fillers Produced by Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)-A Literature Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3534. [PMID: 37688160 PMCID: PMC10489793 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plastics recycling has become one of the leading environmental and waste management issues. Along with the main advantage of plastics, which is undoubtedly their long life, the problem of managing their waste has arisen. Recycling is recognised as the preferred option for waste management, with the aim of reusing them to create new products using 3D printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging and evolving rapid tooling technology. With 3D printing, it is possible to achieve lightweight structures with high dimensional accuracy and reduce manufacturing costs for non-standard geometries. Currently, 3D printing research is moving towards the production of materials not only of pure polymers but also their composites. Bioplastics, especially those that are biodegradable and compostable, have emerged as an alternative for human development. This article provides a brief overview of the possibilities of using thermoplastic waste materials through the application of 3D printing, creating innovative materials from recycled and naturally derived materials, i.e., biomass (natural reinforcing fibres) in 3D printing. The materials produced from them are ecological, widely available and cost-effective. Research activities related to the production of bio-based materials have gradually increased over the last two decades, with the aim of reducing environmental problems. This article summarises the efforts made by researchers to discover new innovative materials for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Anwajler
- Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zdybel
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.Z.); (E.T.-C.)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska-Ciosk
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.Z.); (E.T.-C.)
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Antonio ELS, Anik AM, Kuksenok O, Luzinov I. Enhancement of Polypropylene 3D-Printed Structures via the Addition of SiC Whiskers and Microwave Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40042-40053. [PMID: 37552858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on enhancing the mechanical and structural characteristics of polypropylene (PP) three-dimensional (3D)-printed structures fabricated via fused filament fabrication (FFF) by employing composite PP-based filament with subsequent microwave (MWV) treatment. The composite filament contained a minute (0.9 vol %) fraction of silicon carbide whiskers (SiCWs) and was prepared via melt blending of PP pellets with SiCW using an extruder. The surface of the whiskers was modified with trimethoxy(octadecyl) silane to improve compatibility between the polar SiCW and nonpolar PP matrix. We employed SiCWs in composite filament because of the whiskers' high thermal conductivity and ability to generate heat locally under MWV irradiation. Indeed, we were able to conduct the heating of printed parts by MWV without sacrificing the structural integrity and improving the overall adhesion between the 3D-printed polymer layers. Our modeling captures an extent of heating upon MWV irradiation observed in our experiments. In general, utilization of the composite PP/SiCW filament significantly improved the printed parts' mechanical characteristics and sintering level compared to those made from pure PP filament. Specifically, after the MWV treatment, the adjusted (for density) storage modulus of the PP/SiCW material was just ∼20% lower than that for the PP sample obtained by conventional compression molding. After the MWV irradiation, Young's modulus, yield stress, and toughness of the printed structures were increased by ∼65, 53, and 55%, respectively. We attribute the improvement of mechanical properties via MWV treatment to enhancing the entanglement level at the weld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L S Antonio
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Arefin M Anik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Olga Kuksenok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Igor Luzinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Li Y, Ren X, Zhu L, Li C. Biomass 3D Printing: Principles, Materials, Post-Processing and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2692. [PMID: 37376338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Under the background of green and low-carbon era, efficiently utilization of renewable biomass materials is one of the important choices to promote ecologically sustainable development. Accordingly, 3D printing is an advanced manufacturing technology with low energy consumption, high efficiency, and easy customization. Biomass 3D printing technology has attracted more and more attentions recently in materials area. This paper mainly reviewed six common 3D printing technologies for biomass additive manufacturing, including Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Direct Ink Writing (DIW), Stereo Lithography Appearance (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) and Liquid Deposition Molding (LDM). A systematic summary and detailed discussion were conducted on the printing principles, common materials, technical progress, post-processing and related applications of typical biomass 3D printing technologies. Expanding the availability of biomass resources, enriching the printing technology and promoting its application was proposed to be the main developing directions of biomass 3D printing in the future. It is believed that the combination of abundant biomass feedstocks and advanced 3D printing technology will provide a green, low-carbon and efficient way for the sustainable development of materials manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueyong Ren
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunmiao Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Engineering Technology Center for Wood Resources Recycling, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Pazhamannil RV, Hadidi HM, Puthumana G. Development of a low‐cost volumetric additive manufacturing printer using less viscous commercial resins. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribin Varghese Pazhamannil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Kannur APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Haitham M. Hadidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Jazan University Jazan Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Govindan Puthumana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Kannur APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Thiruvananthapuram India
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8
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Yu W, Shi J, Sun L, Lei W. Effects of Printing Parameters on Properties of FDM 3D Printed Residue of Astragalus/Polylactic Acid Biomass Composites. Molecules 2022; 27:7373. [PMID: 36364199 PMCID: PMC9656025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a new kind of filament material for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, the residue of Astragalus (ROA), one of the most important Chinese herbal medicines, and polylactic acid were chosen as the raw materials to FDM 3D print biomass composite specimens, the effects of the printing parameters on the properties of the specimens were investigated. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the printed specimen were affected obviously by the parameters while the melting and crystallization behavior of the specimens were little affected. For the wettability, it was also little affected by the printing parameter except for the printing speed. Increasing the printing temperature and the filling density or reducing the printing speed and the layer thickness could improve both the mechanical properties and the thermal stability of the FDM 3D printed PLA/ROA composite specimen; reducing the deposition angle could also improve the mechanical properties while having little effect on the thermal stability of the specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianan Shi
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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9
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Zambaldi E, Magalhães RR, Dias MC, Mendes LM, Tonoli GHD. Numerical simulation of poly(lactic acid) polymeric composites reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose for industrial applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edimilson Zambaldi
- DSc Biomaterials Engineering, Department of Forest Science Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
| | | | - Matheus C. Dias
- Department of Forest Science Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil
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10
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Yu W, Li M, Lei W, Pu Y, Sun K, Ma Y. Effects of Wood Flour (WF) Pretreatment and the Addition of a Toughening Agent on the Properties of FDM 3D-Printed WF/Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092985. [PMID: 35566335 PMCID: PMC9103208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the properties of wood flour (WF)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) 3D-printed composites, WF was treated with a silane coupling agent (KH550) and acetic anhydride (Ac2O), respectively. The effects of WF modification and the addition of acrylicester resin (ACR) as a toughening agent on the flowability of WF/PLA composite filament and the mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical thermal and water absorption properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printed WF/PLA specimens were investigated. The results indicated that the melt index (MI) of the specimens decreased after WF pretreatment or the addition of ACR, while the die swell ratio increased; KH550-modified WF/PLA had greater tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength, while Ac2O-modified WF/PLA had greater tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength than unmodified WF/PLA; after the addition of ACR, all the strengths and moduli of WF/PLA could be improved; after WF pretreatment or the addition of ACR, the thermal decomposition temperature, storage modulus and glass transition temperature of WF/PLA were all increased, and water absorption was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.P.); (K.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.P.); (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.P.); (K.S.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8542-7621
| | - Yongzhe Pu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.P.); (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kangjun Sun
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.P.); (K.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yilong Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.P.); (K.S.); (Y.M.)
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Harris M, Mohsin H, Naveed R, Potgieter J, Ishfaq K, Ray S, Guen MJL, Archer R, Arif KM. Partial Biodegradable Blend for Fused Filament Fabrication: In-Process Thermal and Post-Printing Moisture Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081527. [PMID: 35458281 PMCID: PMC9025397 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research, the moisture-based degradation of the 3D-printed polypropylene and polylactic acid blend is not yet reported. This research is a part of study reported on partial biodegradable blends proposed for large-scale additive manufacturing applications. However, the previous work does not provide information about the stability of the proposed blend system against moisture-based degradation. Therefore, this research presents a combination of excessive physical interlocking and minimum chemical grafting in a partial biodegradable blend to achieve stability against in-process thermal and moisture-based degradation. In this regard, a blend of polylactic acid and polypropylene compatibilized with polyethylene graft maleic anhydride is presented for fused filament fabrication. The research implements, for the first time, an ANOVA for combined thermal and moisture-based degradation. The results are explained using thermochemical and microscopic techniques. Scanning electron microscopy is used for analyzing the printed blend. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has allowed studying the intermolecular interactions due to the partial blending and degradation mechanism. Differential scanning calorimetry analyzes the blending (physical interlocking or chemical grafting) and thermochemical effects of the degradation mechanism. The thermogravimetric analysis further validates the physical interlocking and chemical grafting. The novel concept of partial blending with excessive interlocking reports high mechanical stability against moisture-based degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Massey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or engr.harris@.uet.edu.pk
| | - Hammad Mohsin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan;
| | - Rakhshanda Naveed
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (R.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Johan Potgieter
- Massey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Kashif Ishfaq
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (R.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Sudip Ray
- New Zealand Institute for Minerals to Materials Research, Greymouth 7805, New Zealand;
| | | | - Richard Archer
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Khalid Mahmood Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SF&AT, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
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12
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Processing, Characterization of Furcraea foetida (FF) Fiber and Investigation of Physical/Mechanical Properties of FF/Epoxy Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071476. [PMID: 35406353 PMCID: PMC9003038 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent days the rising concern over environmental pollution with excessive use of synthetic materials has led to various eco-friendly innovations. Due to the organic nature, abundance and higher strength, natural fibers are gaining a lot of interest among researchers and are also extensively used by various industries to produce ecological products. Natural fibers are widely used in the composite industry as an alternative to synthetic fibers for numerous applications and new sources of fiber are continuously being explored. In this study, a fiber extracted from the Furcraea foetida (FF) plant is characterized for its feasibility as a reinforcement to fabricate polymer composite. The results show that the fiber has a density of 0.903 ± 0.07 g/cm3, tensile strength (σt) of 170.47 ± 24.71 MPa and the fiber is thermally stable up to 250 °C. The chemical functional groups and elements present in the FF fiber are evaluated by conducting Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The addition of FF fibers in epoxy reduced the density (13.44%) and hardness (10.9%) of the FF/Epoxy (FF/E) composite. However, the void content (Vc < 8%) and water absorption (WA: < 6%) rate increased in the composite. The FF/E composite with 30% volume of FF fibers showed maximum σt (32.14 ± 5.54 MPa) and flexural strength (σf: 80.23 ± 11.3 MPa).
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Akbar I, El Hadrouz M, El Mansori M, Lagoudas D. Toward enabling manufacturing paradigm of 4D printing of Shape Memory Materials: Open literature review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Pal AK, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Additive manufacturing technology of polymeric materials for customized products: recent developments and future prospective. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36398-36438. [PMID: 35494368 PMCID: PMC9043570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing due to its ability to produce more challenging customized objects based on the process parameters for engineering applications. The processing of conventional materials by AM processes is a critically demanded research stream, which has generated a path-breaking scenario in the rapid manufacturing and upcycling of plastics. The exponential growth of AM in the worldwide polymer market is expected to exceed 20 billion US dollars by 2021 in areas of automotive, medical, aerospace, energy and customized consumer products. The development of functional polymers and composites by 3D printing-based technologies has been explored significantly due to its cost-effective, easier integration into customized geometries, higher efficacy, higher precision, freedom of material utilization as compared to traditional injection molding, and thermoforming techniques. Since polymers are the most explored class of materials in AM to overcome the limitations, this review describes the latest research conducted on petroleum-based polymers and their composites using various AM techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) related to 3D printing in engineering applications such as biomedical, automotive, aerospace and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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15
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Harris M, Potgieter J, Mohsin H, Chen JQ, Ray S, Arif KM. Partial Polymer Blend for Fused Filament Fabrication with High Thermal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193353. [PMID: 34641168 PMCID: PMC8512697 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The materials for large scale fused filament fabrication (FFF) are not yet designed to resist thermal degradation. This research presents a novel polymer blend of polylactic acid with polypropylene for FFF, purposefully designed with minimum feasible chemical grafting and overwhelming physical interlocking to sustain thermal degradation. Multi-level general full factorial ANOVA is performed for the analysis of thermal effects. The statistical results are further investigated and validated using different thermo-chemical and visual techniques. For example, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzes the effects of blending and degradation on intermolecular interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) investigates the nature of blending (grafting or interlocking) and effects of degradation on thermal properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) validates the extent of chemical grafting and physical interlocking detected in FTIR and DSC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to analyze the morphology and phase separation. The novel approach of overwhelmed physical interlocking and minimum chemical grafting for manufacturing 3D printing blends results in high structural stability (mechanical and intermolecular) against thermal degradation as compared to neat PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Massey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Johan Potgieter
- Massey Agrifood Digital Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Hammad Mohsin
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan;
| | - Jim Qun Chen
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Sudip Ray
- New Zealand Institute for Minerals to Materials Research, Greymouth 7805, New Zealand;
| | - Khalid Mahmood Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SF&AT, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
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16
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Morales MA, Maranon A, Hernandez C, Porras A. Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed Cocoa Bean Shell Filled Recycled Polypropylene for Sustainable Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3162. [PMID: 34578062 PMCID: PMC8472922 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural filler-based composites are an environmentally friendly and potentially sustainable alternative to synthetic or plastic counterparts. Recycling polymers and using agro-industrial wastes are measures that help to achieve a circular economy. Thus, this work presents the development and characterization of a 3D printing filament based on recycled polypropylene and cocoa bean shells, which has not been explored yet. The obtained composites were thermally and physically characterized. In addition, the warping effect, mechanical, and morphological analyses were performed on 3D printed specimens. Thermal analysis exhibited decreased thermal stability when cacao bean shell (CBS) particles were added due to their lignocellulosic content. A reduction in both melting enthalpy and crystallinity percentage was identified. This is caused by the increase in the amorphous structures present in the hemicellulose and lignin of the CBS. Mechanical tests showed high dependence of the mechanical properties on the 3D printing raster angle. Tensile strength increased when a raster angle of 0° was used, compared to specimens printed at 90°, due to the load direction. Tensile strength and fracture strain were improved with CBS addition in specimens printed at 90°, and better bonding between adjacent layers was achieved. Electron microscope images identified particle fracture, filler-matrix debonding, and matrix breakage as the central failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms are attributed to the poor interfacial bonding between the CBS particles and the matrix, which reduced the tensile properties of specimens printed at 0°. On the other hand, the printing process showed that cocoa bean shell particles reduced by 67% the characteristic warping effect of recycled polypropylene during 3D printing, which is advantageous for 3D printing applications of the rPP. Thereby, potential sustainable natural filler composite filaments for 3D printing applications with low density and low cost can be developed, adding value to agro-industrial and plastic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Morales
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18a 12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Alejandro Maranon
- Structural Integrity Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18a 12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Camilo Hernandez
- Sustainable Design in Mechanical Engineering Research Group (DSIM), Department of Mechanical, Engineering, Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieria Julio Graravito, Autopista Norte AK 45 205 59, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Alicia Porras
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18a 12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
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17
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Fischer KM, Howell AP. Reusability of autoclaved 3D printed polypropylene compared to a glass filled polypropylene composite. 3D Print Med 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34370133 PMCID: PMC8351346 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-021-00111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care waste can be a costly expenditure for facilities as specific disposal methods must be used to prevent the spread of pathogens. If more multi-use medical devices were available, it could potentially relieve some of this burden; however, sterilization between uses is important in preventing disease transmission. 3D printing has the ability to easily create custom medical devices at a low cost, but the majority of filaments utilized cannot survive steam sterilization. Polypropylene (PP) can withstand autoclave temperatures, but is difficult to print as it warps and shrinks during printing; however, a composite PP filament reduces these effects. Commercially available PP and glass filled PP (GFPP) filaments were successfully 3D printed into 30 × 30 × 30 mm cubes with no shrinking or warping and were autoclaved. The 134 °C autoclave temperature was too high as several cubes melted after two to three rounds, but both PP and GFPP cubes displayed minimal changes in mass and volume after one, four, seven, and ten rounds of autoclaving at 121 °C. GFPP cubes autoclaved zero, four, seven, and ten times had significantly smaller average compressive stress values compared to all PP groups, but the GFPP cubes autoclaved once were only less than PP cubes autoclaved zero, seven and ten times. GFPP cubes autoclaved zero, one, four, and seven times also deformed less indicating that the embedded glass fibers provided additional strength. While a single method was found that successfully printed PP and GFPP cubes that were able to survive up to ten rounds of autoclaving, future work should include further investigation into the mechanical properties and increasing the number of autoclave rounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Fischer
- Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, PO Box 33, VA, 23943, Hampden Sydney, USA.
| | - Andrew P Howell
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, 23943, Hampden Sydney, VA, USA
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18
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Yu W, Dong L, Lei W, Zhou Y, Pu Y, Zhang X. Effects of Rice Straw Powder (RSP) Size and Pretreatment on Properties of FDM 3D-Printed RSP/Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113234. [PMID: 34072204 PMCID: PMC8197895 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a new kind of environment-friendly composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, rice straw powder (RSP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were FDM-3D-printed, and the effects of the particle size and pretreatment of RSP on the properties of RSP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the 120-mesh RSP/PLA biocomposites (named 120#RSP/PLA) showed better performance than RSP/PLA biocomposites prepared with other RSP sizes. Infrared results showed that pretreatment of RSP by different methods was successful, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that composites prepared after pretreatment exhibited good interfacial compatibility due to a preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. When RSP was synergistically pretreated by alkaline and ultrasound, the composite exhibited a high tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 58.59, 568.68, 90.32, and 3218.12 MPa, respectively, reflecting an increase of 31.19%, 16.48%, 18.75%, and 25.27%, respectively, compared with unmodified 120#RSP/PLA. Pretreatment of RSP also improved the thermal stability and hydrophobic properties, while reducing the water absorption of 120#RSP/PLA. This work is believed to provide highlights of the development of cost-effective biocomposite filaments and improvement of the properties of FDM parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8542-7621
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yongzhe Pu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (W.Y.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
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19
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Siqueira DD, Luna CBB, Araújo EM, Barros ABS, Wellen RMR. Approaches on
PCL
/m
acaíba biocomposites
‐ mechanical, thermal, morphological properties and crystallization kinetics. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo D. Siqueira
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Carlos B. B. Luna
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Edcleide M. Araújo
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Ana B. S. Barros
- Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Renate M. R Wellen
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil
- Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
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20
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Savandaiah C, Maurer J, Gall M, Haider A, Steinbichler G, Sapkota J. Impact of processing conditions and sizing on the thermomechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Savandaiah
- Wood K Plus–Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH Bio‐based Composites and Processes Linz Austria
| | - Julia Maurer
- Research Group Computed Tomography University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Wels Austria
| | - Markus Gall
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Testing Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria
| | - Andreas Haider
- Wood K Plus–Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH Bio‐based Composites and Processes Linz Austria
| | - Georg Steinbichler
- Institute of Polymer Injection Molding and Process Automation Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria
| | - Janak Sapkota
- Research Centre of Applied Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal
- Institute of Polymer Processing Montanuniversitaet Leoben Leoben Austria
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21
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Prakash A, Lata R, Martens PJ, Rohindra D. Characterization and
in‐vitro
analysis of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐“Jackfruit” Mucilage blends for tissue engineering applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Prakash
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
| | - Roselyn Lata
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney (The University of New South Wales) Sydney Australia
| | - David Rohindra
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji
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22
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Bardot M, Schulz MD. Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122567. [PMID: 33371307 PMCID: PMC7767349 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) enables rapid prototyping and fabrication of parts with complex geometries. Unfortunately, most materials suitable for FDM 3D printing are non-degradable, petroleum-based polymers. The current ecological crisis caused by plastic waste has produced great interest in biodegradable materials for many applications, including 3D printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in particular, has been extensively investigated for FDM applications. However, most biodegradable polymers, including PLA, have insufficient mechanical properties for many applications. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to introduce additives that enhance the mechanical properties of PLA while maintaining FDM 3D printability. This review focuses on PLA-based nanocomposites with cellulose, metal-based nanoparticles, continuous fibers, carbon-based nanoparticles, or other additives. These additives impact both the physical properties and printability of the resulting nanocomposites. We also detail the optimal conditions for using these materials in FDM 3D printing. These approaches demonstrate the promise of developing nanocomposites that are both biodegradable and mechanically robust.
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23
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Rahman JMH, Shiblee MDNI, Ahmed K, Khosla A, Kawakami M, Furukawa H. Rheological and mechanical properties of edible gel materials for 3D food printing technology. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05859. [PMID: 33426344 PMCID: PMC7779782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
3D food printing sectors require comprehensive knowledge on viscoelastic and mechanical properties of diverse food materials in order to effectively utilize them in rapid and customized 3D production for supply and manufacturing chains. In this work, we present mechanical and rheological properties of Agar and Konjac based edible gels at different Agar and Konjac weight ratio and discuss their 3D printing performance. Gel samples with higher Konjac content positively contributed to the viscoelastic properties of the gel samples which in return has been found viable for extrusion-based 3D printing. By choosing appropriate printing parameters, different shapes are printed to demonstrate printing resolution. We expect, this study will add potential scope for evaluating and optimizing soft-gel materials for 3D food printing sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MD Nahin Islam Shiblee
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kumkum Ahmed
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-7-5 Toyosu, Koto City, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ajit Khosla
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Kawakami
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
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24
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Ahmed W, Alnajjar F, Zaneldin E, Al-Marzouqi AH, Gochoo M, Khalid S. Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4065. [PMID: 32933194 PMCID: PMC7560413 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ahmed
- ERU and Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Fady Alnajjar
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (M.G.); (S.K.)
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science (CBS), Nagoya 463-0003, Japan
| | - Essam Zaneldin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Ali H. Al-Marzouqi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Munkhjargal Gochoo
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (M.G.); (S.K.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sumayya Khalid
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (M.G.); (S.K.)
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25
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Xue H, Ye Y, Li X, Xia J, Lin Q. Nano‐silica modification of UV‐curable EVA resin for additive manufacturing. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Xue
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Yuansong Ye
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Xinzhong Li
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Qi Lin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ocean CollegeMinjiang University Fuzhou Fujian China
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26
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Wang X, Shao D, Ejeromedoghene O, Qian K, Kandawa‐Schulz M, Song W, Wang Y. Preparation and study of fireproof materials with high‐waterproof performance. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Donghai Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | | | - Kun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | | | - Wei Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing China
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27
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Wang B, Liu J, Chen K, Wang Y, Shao Z. Three‐Dimensional Printing of Methacrylic Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Reinforced Nanocomposites With Improved Properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its DerivativesSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its DerivativesSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ken Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its DerivativesSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its DerivativesSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Cellulose and Its DerivativesSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing People's Republic of China
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28
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Yang F, Zeng J, Long H, Xiao J, Luo Y, Gu J, Zhou W, Wei Y, Dong X. Micrometer Copper-Zinc Alloy Particles-Reinforced Wood Plastic Composites with High Gloss and Antibacterial Properties for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030621. [PMID: 32182784 PMCID: PMC7182845 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, micrometer copper-zinc alloy particles-reinforced particleboard wood flour/poly (lactic acid) (mCu-Zn/PWF/PLA) wood plastic composites with high gloss and antibacterial properties for 3D printing were prepared by a melt blending process. The structure and properties of the composites with different contents of mCu-Zn were analyzed by means of mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and antibacterial testing. The results showed that the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial performance of the composites were significantly improved, as mCu-Zn was added into the wood plastic composites. When adding 2 wt.% mCu-Zn, the flexural strength of mCu-Zn/PWF/PLA composites (with 5 wt.% of particleboard wood flour) (PWF) increased by 47.1% compared with pure poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and 18.9% compared with PWF/PLA wood plastic composites. The surface gloss was increased by 1142.6% compared with PWF/PLA wood plastic composites. Furthermore, the inhibition rates of mCu-Zn/PWF/PLA composites against Escherichia coli reached 90.43%. Therefore, this novel high gloss and antibacterial wood plastic composites for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing have potential applications in personalized and classic furniture, art, toys, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiwen Yang
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianhui Zeng
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Haibo Long
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jialin Xiao
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Ying Luo
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory for Modern Agriculture Materials of Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory for Modern Agriculture Materials of Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wuyi Zhou
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory for Modern Agriculture Materials of Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frotier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China;
| | - Xianming Dong
- Biomass 3D Printing Materials Research Center, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory for Modern Agriculture Materials of Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.D.)
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Akhoundi B, Nabipour M, Hajami F, Shakoori D. An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Akhoundi
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringTarbiat Modares University Tehran 14115‐143 Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nabipour
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringTarbiat Modares University Tehran 14115‐143 Iran
| | - Faramarz Hajami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of MechatronicsKaraj Branch, Islamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Diana Shakoori
- Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics EngineeringQazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University Qazvin Iran
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30
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Ji A, Zhang S, Bhagia S, Yoo CG, Ragauskas AJ. 3D printing of biomass-derived composites: application and characterization approaches. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21698-21723. [PMID: 35516598 PMCID: PMC9054612 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03620j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived 3D printing has attracted interests because of its developing technology and availability with renewable materials as well as compatible characteristics for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | | | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Biosciences Division
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31
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Zhang K, Wang F, Pang Y, Liang W, Wang Z. High residual mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of bamboo/glass reinforced‐polybenzoxazine hybrid composite. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Aerospace and Civil EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
| | - Fangxin Wang
- College of Aerospace and Civil EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Yuezhao Pang
- College of Aerospace and Civil EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- College of Aerospace and Civil EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- College of Aerospace and Civil EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
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