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Liu S, Zhai S, Guo D, Chen S, He Y, Ke Y, Ming D. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduced Attention Bias Toward Negative Facial Expression: A Pilot Study in Healthy Subjects. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:894798. [PMID: 35801177 PMCID: PMC9256464 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.894798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the cognitive neuroscience field has shown that individuals with a stronger attention bias for negative information had higher depression risk, which may be the underlying pathogenesis of depression. This dysfunction of affect-biased attention also represents a decline in emotion regulation ability. Clinical studies have suggested that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatment can improve the symptoms of depression, yet the neural mechanism behind this improvement is still veiled. This study aims to investigate the effects of tDCS on affect-biased attention. A sample of healthy participants received 20 min active (n = 22) or sham tDCS (n = 19) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 7 consecutive days. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded while performing the rest task and emotional oddball task. The oddball task required response to pictures of the target (positive or negative) emotional facial stimuli and neglecting distracter (negative or positive) or standard (neutral) stimuli. Welch power spectrum estimation algorithm was applied to calculate frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) in the rest task, and the overlapping averaging method was used to extract event-related potentials (ERP) components in the oddball task. Compared to sham tDCS, active tDCS caused an obvious increment in FAA in connection with emotion regulation (p < 0.05). Also, participants in the active tDCS group show greater P3 amplitudes following positive targets (p < 0.05) and greater N2 amplitudes following negative distracters (p < 0.05), reflecting emotion-related attention biases. These results offer valuable insights into the relationship between affect-biased attention and the effects of tDCS, which may be of assistance in exploring the neuropathological mechanism of depression and anxiety and new treatment strategies for tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Zhai
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongyue Guo
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchen He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Ke
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Ming,
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2
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Mueller S, Wagner J, Hueluer G, Hoppmann CA, Ram N, Gerstorf D. Moody and thin-skinned? The interplay of neuroticism and momentary affect in older romantic couples. Br J Psychol 2020; 112:315-341. [PMID: 32537832 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is associated with heightened reactivity to social stressors. However, little is known about the micro-processes through which neuroticism shapes - and is shaped by - affective experiences in close relationships. We examine the extent to which momentary affect is coupled with one's relationship partner, whether the strength of this coupling differs depending on levels of neuroticism, and whether this coupling and partner's overall level of positive or negative affect prospectively contribute to differential (rank-order) changes in neuroticism. Older couples (N = 82, aged 67-93 years) rated their momentary affect six times per day for one week and provided ratings of trait neuroticism at baseline and 18 months later. Multilevel models revealed that among individuals high in neuroticism, individual positive affect was more closely coupled with partner positive affect compared with individuals low in neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism decreased over time in those participants who showed a higher degree of coupling with partner positive affect and also had a partner with higher overall positive affect. In contrast, neuroticism increased in individuals whose partner had lower overall positive affect. Similar effects were not observed for negative affect. Our findings highlight how relationship partners contribute to daily affective experiences and longer-term changes in neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Mueller
- University of Hamburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany.,Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Wagner
- University of Hamburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Nilam Ram
- The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.,The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany
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3
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Steenhaut P, Demeyer I, Rossi G, De Raedt R. The relationship between attentional processing of emotional information and personality: A comparison between older and younger adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217382. [PMID: 31120952 PMCID: PMC6532912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults have been found to focus more on positive and less on negative information compared to younger adults. Yet, results on this attentional positivity effect are inconsistent. Since personality has been related to attentional processing in younger adults, we explored whether (mal)adaptive personality traits are also linked to the occurrence of the positivity effect measured with eye tracking paradigms. We performed two studies with different experimental tasks and recruited for each study 60 community dwelling younger (aged 24-50) and 60 older (age 65-91) adults. We found some indication for a positivity effect with a free-viewing task (study 2), but not with a task measuring engagement and disengagement with emotional information (study 1). Although this effect should be interpreted with caution, it corroborates evidence that the positivity effect is more robust in situations without cognitive constraints. No evidence was found for personality traits to be related to the occurrence of the effect. Further research is needed to further clarify conditions that influence older adults' attention for emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Steenhaut
- Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke Demeyer
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gina Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Tang W, Bao C, Xu L, Zhu J, Feng W, Zhang W, Lin C, Chen L, Cheng Q, Ding P, Zhou M, Bao Y, Yu X, Zhao K, He J. Depressive Symptoms in Late Pregnancy Disrupt Attentional Processing of Negative-Positive Emotion: An Eye-Movement Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:780. [PMID: 31736800 PMCID: PMC6834685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated biases for negative-positive information in component processes of visual attention (initial shift vs. maintenance of gaze) among women in late pregnancy with or without depressive symptoms. Eye movements were recorded while participants viewed a series of picture pairs depicting negative, positive, and neutral scenes. Initial orienting (latency and percentage of first fixation) and gaze duration were computed. Compared with neutral pictures, the group with major depressive symptoms (MDS) were less able to sense the positive emotion-related pictures and were over-responsive to negative emotion-related pictures. The group with suspicious depressive symptoms (SDS) had an attention bias toward both positive and negative emotion-related pictures. The group with no depressive symptoms (NDS) had an attention bias toward positive emotion-related pictures and had an initial attention avoidance tendency for negative emotion-related pictures. The initial gaze direction bias score for negative emotion-related pictures was positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Therefore, women with a risk of perinatal depression have a significant bias toward negative stimuli. Hypervigilant emotion processing during pregnancy may increase a woman's susceptibility to depression during late pregnancy. Attention away from negative information or attention toward positive information may provide a way of buffering emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Tang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ciqing Bao
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Feng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenmiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lan Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Penghao Ding
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meixi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jincai He
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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The relevance/significance of stimuli appraisals for personality traits in an academic context. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Inglis G, Obonsawin MC, Hunter SC. Cognitive Appraisals Mediate Affective Reactivity in Affiliative Extraversion. Front Psychol 2018; 9:782. [PMID: 29910751 PMCID: PMC5992422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraversion is comprised of two main components of affiliation and agency. Affiliative and agentic extraversion have been found to predict positive activation in response to appetitive stimuli, and affiliative extraversion also predicts warmth-affection in response to affiliative stimuli. The aim of this study was to test whether cognitive appraisals could account for these personality-emotion relationships. In an online experiment, 192 participants completed affiliative and appetitive imagery tasks, and reported their affect before and after each task. Participants also reported on how they appraised the imagined events. Affiliative extraversion was positively associated with warmth-affection following the affiliative imagery, and this relationship was mediated by appraisals of intrinsic pleasantness and compatibility with internal standards. Affiliative extraversion also predicted positive activation following the affiliative imagery, and this relationship was mediated by appraisals of importance. Neither agentic nor affiliative extraversion predicted any other form of affect following either the affiliative or appetitive imagery tasks. These results suggest that cognitive appraisals may be one mechanism that mediate affective reactivity in affiliative extraversion, although future confirmatory studies are required to further test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greig Inglis
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc C. Obonsawin
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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7
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Yu Y, Yang Q, Li J, Xu Y, Liu B, Peng L, Bian C, Li M. Mediating and moderating effects of attentional control on the relationship between personality traits and attentional bias among Chinese medical students. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:113-118. [PMID: 27690133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mediating and moderating effects in the relationship between personality traits and attentional bias. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese medical students. A total of 1047 Chinese medical students completed self-report measures of extraversion, neuroticism, attentional control, attention to positive information (API) and negative information (ANI). The data were analyzed with correlation, structural equation modeling, and multiple linear regression. The results revealed that attentional control mediated the effects of extraversion and neuroticism on attentional bias. Moreover, the association of neuroticism and ANI, and that of extraversion and API were both moderated by attentional control. These results extended our understanding of the relationship between extraversion, neuroticism, and attentional bias, by demonstrating that attentional control may serve as a protective factor for amplifying the positive emotional bias of extraverts and alleviating or eliminating the negative emotional bias of neurotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yu
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Team of Student, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Botao Liu
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chen Bian
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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8
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Henderson HA, Pine DS, Fox NA. Behavioral inhibition and developmental risk: a dual-processing perspective. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:207-24. [PMID: 25065499 PMCID: PMC4262899 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral inhibition (BI) is an early-appearing temperament characterized by strong reactions to novelty. BI shows a good deal of stability over childhood and significantly increases the risk for later diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Despite these general patterns, many children with high BI do not go on to develop clinical, or even subclinical, anxiety problems. Therefore, understanding the cognitive and neural bases of individual differences in developmental risk and resilience is of great importance. The present review is focused on the relation of BI to two types of information processing: automatic (novelty detection, attention biases to threat, and incentive processing) and controlled (attention shifting and inhibitory control). We propose three hypothetical models (Top-Down Model of Control; Risk Potentiation Model of Control; and Overgeneralized Control Model) linking these processes to variability in developmental outcomes for BI children. We argue that early BI is associated with an early bias to quickly and preferentially process information associated with motivationally salient cues. When this bias is strong and stable across development, the risk for SAD is increased. Later in development, children with a history of BI tend to display normative levels of performance on controlled attention tasks, but they demonstrate exaggerated neural responses in order to do so, which may further potentiate risk for anxiety-related problems. We conclude by discussing the reviewed studies with reference to the hypothetical models and make suggestions regarding future research and implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Intramural Research Program, The National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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9
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Voss A, Schwieren C. The dynamics of motivated perception: Effects of control and status on the perception of ambivalent stimuli. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:1411-23. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.984660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Just loving these people: Extraverts implicitly associate people with reward. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Fackrell K, Edmondson-Jones M, Hall DA. A controlled approach to the emotional dilution of the Stroop effect. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80141. [PMID: 24223219 PMCID: PMC3819280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We re-examined a modified emotional Stroop task that included an additional colour-word alongside the emotional word, providing the response conflict of the traditional Stroop task. Negative emotionally salient (i.e. unpleasant') words are claimed to capture attention, producing a smaller Stroop effect for negative words compared to neutral words; this phenomenon is called the emotional dilution of the Stroop effect. To address previous limitations, this study compared negative words with lexically matched neutral words in a powered sample of 45 participants. Results demonstrated an emotional Stroop effect (slower colour-naming responses for negative words) and a traditional Stroop effect but not an emotional dilution of the Stroop effect. This finding is at odds with claims that other processing resources are diminished through the failure to disengage attention from emotional information. No matter how attention towards emotional information builds up over time, our findings indicate that attentional resources are not fully captured by negative words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fackrell
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Edmondson-Jones
- NIHR Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Hall
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baumert
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
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13
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Mathews A. Personality and Information Processing: We Are What We Encode. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This commentary addresses several questions raised by the papers in this special issue: about the nature of information processing methods in the study of personality, the degree to which processing biases are specific to certain types of information, the causal relationship between processing styles and personality, and the extent to which individual variations of information processing are automatic or can be controlled. The implications of the findings described in the papers published in this special issue for each of these questions are discussed, leading to some tentative suggestions for future research into the role of information processing as a contributory cause of personality differences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mathews
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- King's College, London, UK
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