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Han S, Wu Q, Wang M, Yang M, Sun C, Liang J, Guo X, Zhang Z, Xu J, Qiu X, Xie C, Chen S, Gao Y, Meng ZX. An integrative profiling of metabolome and transcriptome in the plasma and skeletal muscle following an exercise intervention in diet-induced obese mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad016. [PMID: 36882217 PMCID: PMC10576543 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise intervention at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can aid in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis and prevent the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications. However, the exercise-regulated pathways that prevent the development of T2DM remain largely unclear. In this study, two forms of exercise intervention, treadmill training and voluntary wheel running, were conducted for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. We observed that both forms of exercise intervention alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Skeletal muscle is recognized as the primary site for postprandial glucose uptake and for responsive alteration beyond exercise training. Metabolomic profiling of the plasma and skeletal muscle in Chow, HFD, and HFD-exercise groups revealed robust alterations in metabolic pathways by exercise intervention in both cases. Overlapping analysis identified nine metabolites, including beta-alanine, leucine, valine, and tryptophan, which were reversed by exercise treatment in both the plasma and skeletal muscle. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles in the skeletal muscle revealed several key pathways involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic homeostasis. In addition, integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered strong correlations between the concentrations of bioactive metabolites and the expression levels of genes involved in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and immune response in the skeletal muscle. This work established two models of exercise intervention in obese mice and provided mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of exercise intervention on systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qingqian Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Miqi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Chowdhury S, Schulz L, Palmisano B, Singh P, Berger JM, Yadav VK, Mera P, Ellingsgaard H, Hidalgo J, Brüning J, Karsenty G. Muscle-derived interleukin 6 increases exercise capacity by signaling in osteoblasts. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2888-2902. [PMID: 32078586 DOI: 10.1172/jci133572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the numerous health benefits of exercise, understanding how exercise capacity is regulated is a question of paramount importance. Circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels surge during exercise and IL-6 favors exercise capacity. However, neither the cellular origin of circulating IL-6 during exercise nor the means by which this cytokine enhances exercise capacity has been formally established yet. Here we show through genetic means that the majority of circulating IL-6 detectable during exercise originates from muscle and that to increase exercise capacity, IL-6 must signal in osteoblasts to favor osteoclast differentiation and the release of bioactive osteocalcin in the general circulation. This explains why mice lacking the IL-6 receptor only in osteoblasts exhibit a deficit in exercise capacity of similar severity to the one seen in mice lacking muscle-derived IL-6 (mIL-6), and why this deficit is correctable by osteocalcin but not by IL-6. Furthermore, in agreement with the notion that IL-6 acts through osteocalcin, we demonstrate that mIL-6 promotes nutrient uptake and catabolism into myofibers during exercise in an osteocalcin-dependent manner. Finally, we show that the crosstalk between osteocalcin and IL-6 is conserved between rodents and humans. This study provides evidence that a muscle-bone-muscle endocrine axis is necessary to increase muscle function during exercise in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Chowdhury
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Logan Schulz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Julian M Berger
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and.,Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Exercise in humans increases muscle glucose uptake up to 100-fold compared with rest. The magnitude of increase depends on exercise intensity and duration. Although knockout of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) convincingly has shown that GLUT4 is necessary for exercise to increase muscle glucose uptake, studies only show an approximate twofold increase in GLUT4 translocation to the muscle cell membrane when transitioning from rest to exercise. Therefore, there is a big discrepancy between the increase in glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. It is suggested that either the methods for measurements of GLUT4 translocation in muscle grossly underestimate the real translocation of GLUT4 or, alternatively, GLUT4 intrinsic activity increases in muscle during exercise, perhaps due to increased muscle temperature and/or mechanical effects during contraction/relaxation cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Alghamdi F, Alshuweishi Y, Salt IP. Regulation of nutrient uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Feng Y, Zhang J, Tian X, Wu J, Lu J, Shi R. Mechanical stretch activates glycometabolism-related enzymes via estrogen in C 2 C 12 myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5702-5710. [PMID: 31975415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Moderate exercise improves glycometabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes mellitus in menopausal females. So far, the effect of exercise-induced estrogen on muscular glycometabolism is not well defined. The current study was designed to explore the effect of mechanical stretch-induced estrogen on glycometabolism in mouse C2 C12 myoblasts. The mouse C2 C12 myoblasts in vitro were assigned randomly to the control (C), stretch (S), and stretch plus aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (SA) groups. Cells in the S group were stretched by the Flexcell FX-5000™ system (15% magnitude, 1 Hz frequency, and 6-hr duration) whereas those in the SA group were treated with 400 μg/ml anastrozole before the same stretching. Glucose uptake, estradiol levels, PFK-1 levels, and oxygen consumption rate were determined, and the expression of HK, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, and GLUT4 proteins were semiquantified with western blot analysis. Compared to the control, the estradiol level, oxygen consumption rate, expression of HK, PI3K, and PFK-1 proteins, the ratio of p-AKT to AKT, and the ratio of GLUT4 in the cell membrane to that in the whole cell were higher in the S group. On the other hand, the estradiol level, glucose uptake, expression of PFK-1 and GLUT4 proteins, oxygen consumption rate, expression of HK protein, and the ratio of p-AKT/AKT were lower in the myoblasts in the SA group than those in the S group. The level of estradiol was positively correlated with glucose uptake (p < .01, r = .818). Therefore, mechanical stretch-induced estrogen increased the expression of glycometabolism-related enzymes and proteins in the mouse C2 C12 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Tian
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rengfei Shi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
A pivotal metabolic function of insulin is the stimulation of glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues. The discovery of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein in 1988 inspired its molecular cloning in the following year. It also spurred numerous cellular mechanistic studies laying the foundations for how insulin regulates glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells. Here, we reflect on the importance of the GLUT4 discovery and chronicle additional key findings made in the past 30 years. That exocytosis of a multispanning membrane protein regulates cellular glucose transport illuminated a novel adaptation of the secretory pathway, which is to transiently modulate the protein composition of the cellular plasma membrane. GLUT4 controls glucose transport into fat and muscle tissues in response to insulin and also into muscle during exercise. Thus, investigation of regulated GLUT4 trafficking provides a major means by which to map the essential signaling components that transmit the effects of insulin and exercise. Manipulation of the expression of GLUT4 or GLUT4-regulating molecules in mice has revealed the impact of glucose uptake on whole-body metabolism. Remaining gaps in our understanding of GLUT4 function and regulation are highlighted here, along with opportunities for future discoveries and for the development of therapeutic approaches to manage metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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Schneider SM, Sridhar V, Bettis AK, Heath-Barnett H, Balog-Alvarez CJ, Guo LJ, Johnson R, Jaques S, Vitha S, Glowcwski AC, Kornegay JN, Nghiem PP. Glucose Metabolism as a Pre-clinical Biomarker for the Golden Retriever Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:780-788. [PMID: 29508262 PMCID: PMC6153676 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Metabolic dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by reduced glycolytic and oxidative enzymes, decreased and abnormal mitochondria, decreased ATP, and increased oxidative stress. We analyzed glucose metabolism as a potential disease biomarker in the genetically homologous golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog with molecular, biochemical, and in vivo imaging. Procedures Pelvic limb skeletal muscle and left ventricle tissue from the heart were analyzed by mRNA profiling, qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy for the primary glucose transporter (GLUT4). Physiologic glucose handling was measured by fasting glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin levels, and skeletal and cardiac positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) using the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). Results MRNA profiles showed decreased GLUT4 in the cranial sartorius (CS), vastus lateralis (VL), and long digital extensor (LDE) of GRMD vs. normal dogs. QPCR confirmed GLUT4 downregulation but increased hexokinase-1. GLUT4 protein levels were not different in the CS, VL, or left ventricle but increased in the LDE of GRMD vs. normal. Microscopy revealed diffuse membrane expression of GLUT4 in GRMD skeletal but not cardiac muscle. GTT showed higher basal glucose and insulin in GRMD but rapid tissue glucose uptake at 5 min post-dextrose injection in GRMD vs. normal/carrier dogs. PET/ CT with [18F]FDG and simultaneous insulin stimulation showed a significant increase (p = 0.03) in mean standard uptake values (SUV) in GRMD skeletal muscle but not pelvic fat at 5 min post-[18F]FDG /insulin injection. Conversely, mean cardiac SUV was lower in GRMD than carrier/normal (p < 0.01). Conclusions Altered glucose metabolism in skeletal and cardiac muscle of GRMD dogs can be monitored with molecular, biochemical, and in vivo imaging studies and potentially utilized as a biomarker for disease progression and therapeutic response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11307-018-1174-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morar Schneider
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Vidya Sridhar
- Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Amanda K Bettis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Heather Heath-Barnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Cynthia J Balog-Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Lee-Jae Guo
- Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Rachel Johnson
- Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Scott Jaques
- Texas A&M Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Stanislav Vitha
- Microscopy Imaging Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Alan C Glowcwski
- Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Peter P Nghiem
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4458 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA.
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Hargreaves M, Spriet LL. Exercise Metabolism: Fuels for the Fire. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029744. [PMID: 28533314 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During exercise, the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential for the energy-dependent processes that underpin ongoing contractile activity. These pathways involve both substrate-level phosphorylation, without any need for oxygen, and oxidative phosphorylation that is critically dependent on oxygen delivery to contracting skeletal muscle by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and on the supply of reducing equivalents from the degradation of carbohydrate, fat, and, to a limited extent, protein fuel stores. The relative contribution of these pathways is primarily determined by exercise intensity, but also modulated by training status, preceding diet, age, gender, and environmental conditions. Optimal substrate availability and utilization before, during, and after exercise is critical for maintaining exercise performance. This review provides a brief overview of exercise metabolism, with expanded discussion of the regulation of muscle glucose uptake and fatty acid uptake and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Abstract
Exercise training results in adaptations to both skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) and protects against metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exercise-induced adaptations include an altered profile of secreted proteins, both myokines (from skeletal muscle) and adipokines (from adipose tissue). These secreted proteins may act in an endocrine manner to facilitate tissue-to-tissue communication and "cross talk," likely working together to improve overall metabolic health. Some studies suggest that contracting skeletal muscles release myokines that may function to alter the phenotype of WAT, including WAT "beiging," in which there is increased expression of beige marker genes and increased presence of multilocular cells within the WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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10
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Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on glycaemic control and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in db/db mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:204. [PMID: 28303003 PMCID: PMC5427962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is known as an effective strategy for prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of a traditional Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in diabetic mice. Diabetic db/db male mice (N = 25) aged 6 weeks were subdivided into MICT, HIIT or control (CON) group. Animals in the training groups ran on a treadmill 5 days/week during 10 weeks. MICT group ran for 80 min (0° slope) at 50-60% of maximal speed (Vmax) reached during an incremental test. HIIT group ran thirteen times 4 minutes (20° slope) at 85-90% of Vmax separated by 2-min-rest periods. HIIT lowered fasting glycaemia and HbA1c compared with CON group (p < 0.05). In all mitochondrial function markers assessed, no differences were noted between the three groups except for total amount of electron transport chain proteins, slightly increased in the HIIT group vs CON. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase of muscle Glut4 content (about 2 fold) and higher insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation ratios in HIIT group. HIIT seems to improve glucose metabolism more efficiently than MICT in diabetic mice by mechanisms independent of mitochondrial adaptations.
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Chen Q, Xie B, Zhu S, Rong P, Sheng Y, Ducommun S, Chen L, Quan C, Li M, Sakamoto K, MacKintosh C, Chen S, Wang HY. A Tbc1d1 Ser231Ala-knockin mutation partially impairs AICAR- but not exercise-induced muscle glucose uptake in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:336-345. [PMID: 27826658 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS TBC1D1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16 domain family member 1) is a Rab GTPase-activating protein (RabGAP) that has been implicated in regulating GLUT4 trafficking. TBC1D1 can be phosphorylated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on Ser231, which consequently interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. Given the key role for AMPK in regulating insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake, we hypothesised that TBC1D1-Ser231 phosphorylation and/or 14-3-3 binding may mediate AMPK-governed glucose homeostasis. METHODS Whole-body glucose homeostasis and muscle glucose uptake were assayed in mice bearing a Tbc1d1 Ser231Ala-knockin mutation or harbouring skeletal muscle-specific Ampkα1/α2 (also known as Prkaa1/2) double-knockout mutations in response to an AMPK-activating agent, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). Exercise-induced muscle glucose uptake and exercise capacity were also determined in the Tbc1d1 Ser231Ala-knockin mice. RESULTS Skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Ampkα1/a2 in mice prevented AICAR-induced hypoglycaemia and muscle glucose uptake. The Tbc1d1 Ser231Ala-knockin mutation also attenuated the glucose-lowering effect of AICAR in mice. Glucose uptake and cell surface GLUT4 content were significantly lower in muscle isolated from the Tbc1d1 Ser231Ala-knockin mice upon stimulation with a submaximal dose of AICAR. However, this Tbc1d1 Ser231Ala-knockin mutation neither impaired exercise-induced muscle glucose uptake nor affected exercise capacity in mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION TBC1D1-Ser231 phosphorylation and/or 14-3-3 binding partially mediates AMPK-governed glucose homeostasis and muscle glucose uptake in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Bingxian Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Sangsang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ping Rong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yang Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Serge Ducommun
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Campus EPFL, Quartier de l'Innovation, Bâtiment G, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Chao Quan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Min Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Campus EPFL, Quartier de l'Innovation, Bâtiment G, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carol MacKintosh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Shuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Pukou District, Nanjing, 210061, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Smith BK, Ford RJ, Desjardins EM, Green AE, Hughes MC, Houde VP, Day EA, Marcinko K, Crane JD, Mottillo EP, Perry CGR, Kemp BE, Tarnopolsky MA, Steinberg GR. Salsalate (Salicylate) Uncouples Mitochondria, Improves Glucose Homeostasis, and Reduces Liver Lipids Independent of AMPK-β1. Diabetes 2016; 65:3352-3361. [PMID: 27554471 PMCID: PMC5233442 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salsalate is a prodrug of salicylate that lowers blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reduces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal models; however, the mechanism mediating these effects is unclear. Salicylate directly activates AMPK via the β1 subunit, but whether salsalate requires AMPK-β1 to improve T2D and NAFLD has not been examined. Therefore, wild-type (WT) and AMPK-β1-knockout (AMPK-β1KO) mice were treated with a salsalate dose resulting in clinically relevant serum salicylate concentrations (∼1 mmol/L). Salsalate treatment increased VO2, lowered fasting glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and led to an ∼55% reduction in liver lipid content. These effects were observed in both WT and AMPK-β1KO mice. To explain these AMPK-independent effects, we found that salicylate increases oligomycin-insensitive respiration (state 4o) and directly increases mitochondrial proton conductance at clinical concentrations. This uncoupling effect is tightly correlated with the suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Salicylate is also able to stimulate brown adipose tissue respiration independent of uncoupling protein 1. These data indicate that the primary mechanism by which salsalate improves glucose homeostasis and NAFLD is via salicylate-driven mitochondrial uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan K Smith
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex E Green
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa P Houde
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katarina Marcinko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio P Mottillo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Xirouchaki CE, Mangiafico SP, Bate K, Ruan Z, Huang AM, Tedjosiswoyo BW, Lamont B, Pong W, Favaloro J, Blair AR, Zajac JD, Proietto J, Andrikopoulos S. Impaired glucose metabolism and exercise capacity with muscle-specific glycogen synthase 1 (gys1) deletion in adult mice. Mol Metab 2016; 5:221-232. [PMID: 26977394 PMCID: PMC4770268 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Muscle glucose storage and muscle glycogen synthase (gys1) defects have been associated with insulin resistance. As there are multiple mechanisms for insulin resistance, the specific role of glucose storage defects is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of muscle-specific gys1 deletion on glucose metabolism and exercise capacity. Methods Tamoxifen inducible and muscle specific gys-1 KO mice were generated using the Cre/loxP system. Mice were subjected to glucose tolerance tests, euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamps and exercise tests. Results gys1-KO mice showed ≥85% reduction in muscle gys1 mRNA and protein concentrations, 70% reduction in muscle glycogen levels, postprandial hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia and impaired glucose tolerance. Under insulin-stimulated conditions, gys1-KO mice displayed reduced glucose turnover and muscle glucose uptake, indicative of peripheral insulin resistance, as well as increased plasma and muscle lactate levels and reductions in muscle hexokinase II levels. gys1-KO mice also exhibited markedly reduced exercise and endurance capacity. Conclusions Thus, muscle-specific gys1 deletion in adult mice results in glucose intolerance due to insulin resistance and reduced muscle glucose uptake as well as impaired exercise and endurance capacity. In brief This study demonstrates why the body prioritises muscle glycogen storage over liver glycogen storage despite the critical role of the liver in supplying glucose to the brain in the fasting state and shows that glycogen deficiency results in impaired glucose metabolism and reduced exercise capacity. Muscle-specific gys1 knockdown in adult mice results in 70% reduction in skeletal muscle glycogen levels. Muscle-specific gys1 knockdown leads to glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance. Muscle glycogen depletion caused impaired performance, as well as fatigue development during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvatore P Mangiafico
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Katherine Bate
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Zheng Ruan
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Amy M Huang
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Bing Wilari Tedjosiswoyo
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Benjamin Lamont
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Wynne Pong
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Jenny Favaloro
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Amy R Blair
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia.
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14
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Cunha VN, de Paula Lima M, Motta-Santos D, Pesquero JL, de Andrade RV, de Almeida JA, Araujo RC, Grubert Campbell CS, Lewis JE, Simões HG. Role of exercise intensity on GLUT4 content, aerobic fitness and fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetic mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:435-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verusca Najara Cunha
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health; Catholic University of Brasilia; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Mérica de Paula Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Basic Nursing Department; School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-NANOBIOFAR); Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pesquero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | | | - Jeeser Alves de Almeida
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-NANOBIOFAR); Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | | | | | - John E. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health; Catholic University of Brasilia; Brasília DF Brazil
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15
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Stanford KI, Goodyear LJ. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2014; 38:308-14. [PMID: 25434013 PMCID: PMC4315445 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00080.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a well-established tool to prevent and combat type 2 diabetes. Exercise improves whole body metabolic health in people with type 2 diabetes, and adaptations to skeletal muscle are essential for this improvement. An acute bout of exercise increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, while chronic exercise training improves mitochondrial function, increases mitochondrial biogenesis, and increases the expression of glucose transporter proteins and numerous metabolic genes. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of exercise to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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