Anionic triphenylamine- and fluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolyte as a hole-transporting material for polymer light-emitting diodes

Ether-soluble hole-transporting polymers based on triphenylamine/phenothiazine moieties with shallow HOMO levels

Novel ether-soluble hole-transporting polymers with shallow HOMO levels were used as efficient electron donors of charge carrier generation layers for tandem OLEDs.

Electric-Field-Induced Excimer Formation at the Interface of Deep-Blue Emission Poly(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) with Polyelectrolyte or Its Precursor as Electron-Injection Layer in Polymer Light-Emitting Diode and Its Prevention for Stable Emission and Higher Performance

Conjugated polyelectrolytes and their precursors as electron-injection layer (EIL) in polymer light-emitting diode have attracted extensive attention because they allow the use of environmentally stable high work function metals as cathode with efficient electron injection. Here, for the first time, we find that an undesirable green emission component (470-650 nm) in the electroluminescence spectra is observed during continuous operation of deep-blue emission β-phase poly(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) (β-PFO) device upon introducing polyelectrolyte poly[9,9-bis(6'-(18-crown-6)methoxy)hexyl fluorene] chelating to potassium ion (PFCn6:K⁺) as EIL. This phenomenon also happens to nonchelating PFCn6, poly[(9,9-bis(3'-( N, N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)- alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)], or even nonemissive poly[4-((18-crown-6)methoxy)methyl styrene] chelating to K⁺ (PSCn6:K⁺). It can be ascribed to electric-field induction accompanied by thermal motion of a highly polar side chain in the polyelectrolyte leading to local segmental alignment of PFO main chains at the emitting layer (EML)/EIL interface and thus formation of green emission excimer, which is supported by the following observations: appearance of green emission component using nonemissive PSCn6:K⁺ as EIL, absence of green emission component as the device is operated at low-temperature (78 K) at which molecular thermal motion are frozen, and absence of green emission upon introducing 2,2',2″-(1,3,5-phenylbenzenetriyl)tris[1-phenyl-1 H-benzimidazole] as buffer layer in between EML and EIL for the prevention of direct contact of EML with polyelectrolyte or its precursor EIL.