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Oguzlu H, Baldelli A, Mohammadi X, Kong A, Bacca M, Pratap-Singh A. Cold Plasma for the Modification of the Surface Roughness of Microparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:35634-35644. [PMID: 39184515 PMCID: PMC11339808 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Cold plasma treatment is commonly used for sterilization. However, another potential of cold plasma treatment is surface modification. To date, several efforts have been directed toward investigating the effect of cold plasma treatment in modifying the surfaces of films. Here, the impact of suspension properties and parameters of cold plasma treatment on the changes of surfaces of monodisperse polymeric microparticles is tested. The plasma treatment did not touch the surface chemistry of the monodisperse polymeric microparticles. The concentration of suspensions of 1 mg/mL was determined to relate to a stronger effect of the plasma treatment on the roughness of the microparticles. Microparticles with an average diameter of 20 μm show a roughness increase with the plasma treatment time. However, a plasma treatment time longer than 15 min damages the microparticles, as observed in particles with an average diameter of 20 and 50 μm. We finally prototyped monodisperse microparticles to deliver drugs to the nasal mucosa by studying the effect of roughness in their (undesired) self-adhesion and (desired) adhesion with tissue. A moderate roughness, with an average peak-to-valley distance of 500 nm, appears to be the most effective in reducing the detachment forces with nasal tissue by up to 5 mN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Oguzlu
- Faculty
of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Sustainable
Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto Baldelli
- School
of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Queensland
Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
- Faculty of
Food and Land Systems, The University of
British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xanyar Mohammadi
- Faculty of
Food and Land Systems, The University of
British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Albert Kong
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mattia Bacca
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of
Food and Land Systems, The University of
British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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2
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Wesdemiotis C, Williams-Pavlantos KN, Keating AR, McGee AS, Bochenek C. Mass spectrometry of polymers: A tutorial review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:427-476. [PMID: 37070280 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the inception of synthetic polymeric materials in the late 19th century, the number of studies on polymers as well as the complexity of their structures have only increased. The development and commercialization of new polymers with properties fine-tuned for specific technological, environmental, consumer, or biomedical applications requires powerful analytical techniques that permit the in-depth characterization of these materials. One such method with the ability to provide chemical composition and structure information with high sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, and speed is mass spectrometry (MS). This tutorial review presents and exemplifies the various MS techniques available for the elucidation of specific structural features in a synthetic polymer, including compositional complexity, primary structure, architecture, topology, and surface properties. Key to every MS analysis is sample conversion to gas-phase ions. This review describes the fundamentals of the most suitable ionization methods for synthetic materials and provides relevant sample preparation protocols. Most importantly, structural characterizations via one-step as well as hyphenated or multidimensional approaches are introduced and demonstrated with specific applications, including surface sensitive and imaging techniques. The aim of this tutorial review is to illustrate the capabilities of MS for the characterization of large, complex polymers and emphasize its potential as a powerful compositional and structural elucidation tool in polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Addie R Keating
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S McGee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Calum Bochenek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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3
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Przykaza K, Jurak M, Kalisz G, Mroczka R, Wiącek AE. Characteristics of Hybrid Bioglass-Chitosan Coatings on the Plasma Activated PEEK Polymer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041729. [PMID: 36838717 PMCID: PMC9967460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible, chemically and physically stable radiolucent polymer that exhibits a similar elastic modulus to the normal human bone, making it an attractive orthopedic implant material. However, PEEK is biologically inert, preventing strong enough bonding with the surrounding bone tissue when implanted in vivo. Surface modification and composite preparation are the two main strategies for the improvement of the bioactivity of PEEK. In this study, the plasma activated PEEK surfaces with the embedded bioglass, chitosan, and bioglass-chitosan mixed layers applying from the solution dip-coating technique were investigated. The most prominent factors affecting the coating biocompatibility are strictly connected with the composition of its outer surface (its charge and functional groups), hydrophilic-hydrophobic character, wettability and surface free energy, and topography (size of pores/substructures, roughness, stiffness), as well as the personal characteristics of the patient. The obtained surfaces were examined in terms of wettability and surface-free energy changes. Additionally, FTIR (Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrometry) and SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) were applied to establish and control the coating composition. Simultaneously the structure of coatings was visualized with the aid of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Finally, the obtained systems were incubated in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) to verify the modifications' influence on the bioactivity/biocompatibility of the PEEK surface. Different structures with variable compositions, as well as changes of the wettability, were observed depending on the applied modification. In addition, the incubation in SBF suggested that the bioglass-chitosan ratio influenced the formation of apatite-like structures on the modified PEEK surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Przykaza
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego St. 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Jurak
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki St. 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Mroczka
- Laboratory of X-ray Optics, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow St. 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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4
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Münstedt H, Grossmann J. Surface Modifications of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK): Results from the Literature and Special Studies of Copper-Coated Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224797. [PMID: 36432923 PMCID: PMC9692266 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For some challenging applications of the high-performance thermoplastic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in engineering or medical fields, the bonding to other materials is important. In these cases, modifications of the inert polymer surface are often necessary. Results from the literature with respect to sandblasting, corona discharge, plasma treatment, excimer-laser irradiation, and chromium-sulfuric-acid etching are described and discussed. Our own detailed studies of these methods under well-defined experimental conditions are reported, which make their comparability possible and support the assessment for certain applications. PEEK films coated with copper are of special interest due to their potential for flexible electronics. Copper foils glued by an epoxy resin and copper layers from physical vapor deposition are compared with respect to their mechanical adhesion. Surface properties were characterized with respect to roughness, contact angle, and oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio. The latter has been found to be the most decisive parameter for good adhesion. It was shown that an enhancement of the O/C ratio can be achieved in several ways. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods applied are discussed under various aspects of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Münstedt
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Joern Grossmann
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- SEMIKRON Elektronik, 90431 Nürnberg, Germany
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu H, Yuan B, Zhu X, Zhang K, Zhang X. Enhanced osteogenic activity and antibacterial performance in vitro of polyetheretherketone by plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid and incorporation of zinc ions. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7506-7515. [PMID: 34551053 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely used in the fields of orthopedics and trauma, but weak osteointegration and bacterial infection affect its long-term stability and repair effects. Surface modification is an effective way to improve the osteogenic and antibacterial activity of PEEK implants. In the present study, a layer of acrylic acid (AA) polymer coating loaded with zinc ions (Zn2+) was constructed on the surface of PEEK (PEEK-AA-Zn) using a strategy of combining plasma-induced graft polymerization with a chemical immersion technique. Successful construction of the AA coating remarkably enhanced the hydrophilicity of PEEK, and effectively loaded and released Zn2+. In vitro cell culture using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts showed that the Zn2+ released from PEEK-AA-Zn promoted cell proliferation and elevated gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). Antibacterial tests revealed that PEEK-AA-Zn efficiently inhibited the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These results suggest that the combined method of graft polymerization and ion incorporation endows PEEK with excellent osteogenic and antibacterial activity, which provides a wide range of possibilities for developing PEEK implants with multifunctional properties for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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6
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Liu X, Guan N, Shen H, Zhang Z, Chen B, Li Y, Hua S. Investigating the effect of water‐mixing nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma jet on polyether‐ether‐ketone and time stability under different conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Major Machine Manufacturing in Liaoning Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Naiqiao Guan
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Haiyang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Boxi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Yuheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Shungang Hua
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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7
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Porrelli D, Mardirossian M, Musciacchio L, Pacor M, Berton F, Crosera M, Turco G. Antibacterial Electrospun Polycaprolactone Membranes Coated with Polysaccharides and Silver Nanoparticles for Guided Bone and Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17255-17267. [PMID: 33822574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes have been widely explored in the literature as a solution for several applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. PCL hydrophobicity and its lack of bioactivity drastically limit its use in the medical field. To overcome these drawbacks, many promising strategies have been developed and proposed in the literature. In order to increase the bioactivity of electrospun PCL membranes designed for guided bone and tissue regeneration purposes, in the present work, the membranes were functionalized with a coating of bioactive lactose-modified chitosan (CTL). Since CTL can be used for the synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles, a coating of this compound was employed here to provide antibacterial properties to the membranes. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that the electrospinning process adopted here allowed us to obtain membranes with homogeneous fibers and without defects. Also, PCL membranes retained their mechanical properties after several weeks of aging in simulated body fluid, representing a valid support for cell growth and tissue development. CTL adsorption on membranes was investigated by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein-labeled CTL, resulting in a homogeneous and slow release over time. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the release of silver, which was shown to be stably bonded to the CTL coating and to be slowly released over time. The CTL coating improved MG63 osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on membranes. On the other hand, the presence of silver nanoparticles discouraged biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus without being cytotoxic. Overall, the stability and the biological and antibacterial properties make these membranes a valid and versatile material for applications in guided tissue regeneration and in other biomedical fields like wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Porrelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Mardirossian
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Musciacchio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Micol Pacor
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Berton
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
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8
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What Can You Learn about Apparent Surface Free Energy from the Hysteresis Approach? COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The apparent surface free energy is one of the most important quantities in determining the surface properties of solids. So far, no method of measuring this energy has been found. The essence of contact angle measurements is problematic. Contact angles should be measured as proposed by Young, i.e., in equilibrium with the liquid vapors. This type of measurement is not possible because within a short time, the droplet in the closed chamber reaches equilibrium not only with vapors but also with the liquid film adsorbed on the tested surface. In this study, the surface free energy was determined for the plasma-activated polyoxymethylene (POM) polymer. Activation of the polymer with plasma leads to an increase in the value of the total apparent surface free energy. When using the energy calculations from the hysteresis based approach (CAH), it should be noted that the energy changes significantly when it is calculated from the contact angles of a polar liquid, whereas being calculated from the angles of a non-polar liquid, the surface activation with plasma changes its value slightly.
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9
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Przykaza K, Jurak M, Wiącek A, Mroczka R. Characteristics of hybrid chitosan/phospholipid-sterol, peptide coatings on plasma activated PEEK polymer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Busco G, Robert E, Chettouh-Hammas N, Pouvesle JM, Grillon C. The emerging potential of cold atmospheric plasma in skin biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:290-304. [PMID: 33039651 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of skin integrity is crucial to ensure the physiological barrier against exogenous compounds, microorganisms and dehydration but also to fulfill social and aesthetic purposes. Besides the development of new actives intended to enter a formulation, innovative technologies based on physical principles have been proposed in the last years. Among them, Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) technology, which already showed interesting results in dermatology, is currently being studied for its potential in skin treatments and cares. CAP bio-medical studies gather several different expertise ranging from physics to biology through chemistry and biochemistry, making this topic hard to pin. In this review we provide a broad survey of the interactions between CAP and skin. In the first section, we tried to give some fundamentals on skin structure and physiology, related to its essential functions, together with the main bases on cold plasma and its physicochemical properties. In the following parts we dissected and analyzed each CAP parameter to highlight the already known and the possible effects they can play on skin. This overview aims to get an idea of the potential of cold atmospheric plasma technology in skin biology for the future developments of dermo-cosmetic treatments, for example in aging prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Busco
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301, CNRS, 45071, Orléans, France; Groupe de Recherches sur l'Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, UMR 7344, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Robert
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, UMR 7344, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Pouvesle
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, UMR 7344, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Catherine Grillon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301, CNRS, 45071, Orléans, France.
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11
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Gilman AB, Piskarev MS, Kuznetsov AA. Modification of polyether ether ketone by low-temperature plasma and ion implantation method for use in medicine and biology. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Investigation of Wettability, Drying and Water Condensation on Polyimide (Kapton) Films Treated by Atmospheric Pressure Air Dielectric Barrier Discharge. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the investigation of influence of air atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge on polyimide (Kapton) films. It is shown that plasma treatment causes a significant increase of Kapton wettability that is connected with alterations of its chemical composition (oxidation) induced by dielectric barrier discharge. Observed variations in the wettability of Kapton were also found to be accompanied by changes in the dynamics of water droplets drying on plasma-treated Kapton, namely by the reduction of the constant contact angle phase of the droplet drying. This effect may be ascribed to the higher surface heterogeneity of plasma-treated Kapton that causes pinning of the edges of drying droplet on the Kapton surface. Finally, the differences in wettability induced by the plasma treatment led to a different way, how the water condensates on the Kapton surface: while the condensing water forms large amount of small droplets on untreated Kapton, much bigger water structures were found on the Kapton exposed to atmospheric plasma.
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13
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Plasma treatment of polyether-ether-ketone: A means of obtaining desirable biomedical characteristics. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Enhancing the Interfacial Strength of Carbon Fiber/Poly(ether ether ketone) Hybrid Composites by Plasma Treatments. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050753. [PMID: 31035398 PMCID: PMC6571659 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising alternative to traditional prepreg, carbon fiber/poly(ether ether ketone) (CF/PEEK) hybrid composites have attracted wide public interest for their flexibility and conformability. However, modification methods focused on the hybrid premix have not been previously studied. In the present work, the interfacial strength of the hybrid composite was improved by treating the carbon and PEEK fibers together in a radiofrequency (RF) plasma containing one of the following gases to achieve surface activation: air, Ar, or Ar–air. After plasma treatment, the increased roughness of CF and the grafted chemical groups of CFs and PEEK fibers were propitious to the mechanical interlocking and interfacial strength. Significant interfacial shear strength (IFSS) enhancement was achieved after Ar 1 min, air 1 min plasma treatment. This study offers an alternative method for improving the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites by focusing on the boundary layer and modifying and controlling the fiber–matrix interface.
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15
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Wetting Properties of Polyetheretherketone Plasma Activated and Biocoated Surfaces. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids3010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) biomaterial is a polymer which has been widely used since the early 90s as a material for human bone implant preparations. Nowadays it is increasingly used due to its high biocompatibility and easily modeling, as well as better mechanical properties and price compared to counterparts made of titanium or platinum alloys. In this paper, air low-temperature and pressure plasma was used to enhance PEEK adhesive properties as well as surface sterilization. On the activated polymeric carrier, biologically-active substances have been deposited with the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Thereafter, the surface was characterized using optical profilometry, and wettability was examined by contact angle measuring. Next, the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) model was used to calculate the surface free energy of the modified surface of PEEK. The variations of wettability and surface free energy were observed depending on the deposited monolayer type and its components.
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16
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Selective Grafting of Polyamines to Polyether Ether Ketone Surface during Molding and Its Use for Chemical Plating. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach of surface functionalization of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) that is carried out during the molding step. Thin films of polymers with different functional groups were applied to the surface of a mold and brought in close contact with a PEEK melt during injection molding. The surfaces of the produced parts were characterized after solidification. Only those PEEK surfaces that were in contact with polymers bearing primary amino groups exhibited a wettability for water. Obviously, the thin polymer film was grafted to the surface by a chemical reaction initiated by the high melt temperature. The formation of azomethine bonds between PEEK and the polyamine by coupling to the ketone groups was proposed. The other amino groups in the molecule were still in function after the molding process. They adsorbed different anionic molecules and anionic charged nanoparticles from aqueous solutions. The surfaces could be chemically plated by copper and nickel with high adhesion.
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17
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Štefaníková R, Kretková T, Kuzminova A, Hanuš J, Vaidulych M, Kylián O, Biederman H. Influence of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge on wettability and drying of poly(ether-ether-ketone) foils. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Interbody fusion cages are routinely implanted during spinal fusion procedures to facilitate arthrodesis of a degenerated or unstable vertebral segment. Current cages are most commonly made from polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) due to its favorable mechanical properties and imaging characteristics. However, the smooth surface of current PEEK cages may limit implant osseointegration and may inhibit successful fusion. We present the development and clinical application of the first commercially available porous PEEK fusion cage (COHERE®, Vertera, Inc., Atlanta, GA) that aims to enhance PEEK osseointegration and spinal fusion outcomes. The porous PEEK structure is extruded directly from the underlying solid and mimics the structural and mechanical properties of trabecular bone to support bone ingrowth and implant fixation. Biomechanical testing of the COHERE® device has demonstrated greater expulsion resistance versus smooth PEEK cages with ridges and greater adhesion strength of porous PEEK versus plasma-sprayed titanium coated PEEK surfaces. In vitro experiments have shown favorable cell attachment to porous PEEK and greater proliferation and mineralization of cell cultures grown on porous PEEK versus smooth PEEK and smooth titanium surfaces, suggesting that the porous structure enhances bone formation at the cellular level. At the implant level, preclinical animal studies have found comparable bone ingrowth into porous PEEK as those previously reported for porous titanium, leading to twice the fixation strength of smooth PEEK implants. Finally, two clinical case studies are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the COHERE® device in cervical spinal fusion.
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Terpiłowski K, Wiącek AE, Jurak M. Influence of nitrogen plasma treatment on the wettability of polyetheretherketone and deposited chitosan layers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Terpiłowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; Lublin Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jurak
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; Lublin Poland
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Jurak M, Wiącek AE, Terpiłowski K. Properties of PEEK-supported films of biological substances prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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