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Ruiz-Mateos Serrano R, Aguzin A, Mitoudi-Vagourdi E, Tao X, Naegele TE, Jin AT, Lopez-Larrea N, Picchio ML, Vinicio Alban-Paccha M, Minari RJ, Mecerreyes D, Dominguez-Alfaro A, Malliaras GG. 3D printed PEDOT:PSS-based conducting and patternable eutectogel electrodes for machine learning on textiles. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122624. [PMID: 38805956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of medical wearables necessitates the development of novel electrodes for cutaneous electrophysiology. In this work, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is combined with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) to develop printable and biocompatible electrodes for long-term cutaneous electrophysiology recordings. The impact of printing parameters on the conducting properties, morphological characteristics, mechanical stability and biocompatibility of the material were investigated. The optimised eutectogel formulations were fabricated in four different patterns -flat, pyramidal, striped and wavy- to explore the influence of electrode geometry on skin conformability and mechanical contact. These electrodes were employed for impedance and forearm EMG measurements. Furthermore, arrays of twenty electrodes were embedded into a textile and used to generate body surface potential maps (BSPMs) of the forearm, where different finger movements were recorded and analysed. Finally, BSPMs for three different letters (B, I, O) in sign-language were recorded and used to train a logistic regressor classifier able to reliably identify each letter. This novel cutaneous electrode fabrication approach offers new opportunities for long-term electrophysiological recordings, online sign-language translation and brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Ruiz-Mateos Serrano
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ana Aguzin
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC, National University of the Litoral - CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Eleni Mitoudi-Vagourdi
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xudong Tao
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Tobias E Naegele
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Amy T Jin
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Naroa Lopez-Larrea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Matías L Picchio
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain; Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC, National University of the Litoral - CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Marco Vinicio Alban-Paccha
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK; Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roque J Minari
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC, National University of the Litoral - CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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2
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Huo M, Zhu R. Statistical Copolymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:951-958. [PMID: 39023514 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Statistical copolymers have been extensively used in chemical industries and our daily lives, owing to their ease of synthesis and functionalization. However, self-assembly based on statistical copolymers has been haunted by high interfacial energy, poor stability, and low concentration. We proposed the statistical copolymerization-induced self-assembly (stat-PISA) as a general strategy for one-step preparing stable statistical copolymer assemblies with high solids content. The concept was demonstrated through a model dispersion polymerization system comprising a charged hydrophilic monomer and a core-forming monomer, producing spherical micelles via a spinodal decomposition mechanism with an interconnected network intermediate. The stat-PISA was tunable by varying the fraction of charged monomer, the polymer chain length, and the solids content. The statistical copolymer micelles were demonstrated to be a potential Pickering emulsifier with superior stabilizing performances compared to their block copolymer counterparts. The general applicability of stat-PISA was demonstrated by preparing statistical copolymer assemblies with varying surface charges and chemical compositions. Particularly, this strategy is feasible for conventional free radical polymerization, promising for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Scaffa P, Logan MG, Icimoto MY, Fugolin A, Tsuzuki FM, Lewis SH, Pfeifer CS. Mechanistic study of the stabilization of dentin-bonded restorative interfaces via collagen reinforcement by multi-acrylamides. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1128-1137. [PMID: 38821837 PMCID: PMC11260233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrolytically and enzymatically-stable multi-acrylamides have been proposed to increase the long-term durability of dental adhesive interfaces as alternatives to methacrylates. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical and biochemical properties of experimental adhesives containing multi-functional acrylamides concerning collagen reinforcement and metalloproteinases (MMP) activity. Multi-functional acrylamides, TMAAEA (Tris[(2-methylaminoacryl) ethylamine) and DEBAAP (N,N-Diethyl-1,3-bis(acrylamido) propane), along with the commercially available DMAM (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (monofunctional acrylamide) and HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (monofunctional methacrylate - control) were tested for stability against enzymatic hydrolysis by cholesterol esterase/pseudocholinesterase (PC/PCE) solutions for up to 30 days. Collagen-derived substrate and gelatin zymography were performed to examine the effect of the compounds on the biological activity of human recombinant and dentin-extracted gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. In situ zymography was carried out by fluorescent collagen degradation combined with confocal microscopy analysis. Hydroxyproline content was measured in collagen derived from dentin extracts though reaction with Ehrlich's reagent p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), generating a stable chromophore measured at 550 nm. Storage shear modulus of demineralized dentin discs treated with the tested compounds was measured by oscillatory rheometry, in order to investigate potential collagen reinforcement. FT-IR was performed to determine qualitative differences in collagen based on observed changes in amide bands. The results were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Multi-acrylamides survived 30 days of incubation in cholinesterase/pseudo-cholinesterase (PC/PCE) solutions, while HEMA showed approximately 70 % overall degradation. Incubation with multi-acrylamides reduced collagen degradation as evidenced by the reduced hydroxyproline levels and by the 30 % increase inshear storage modulus. Biochemical and zymography assays showed no noticeable inhibition of recombinant and extracted MMPs enzymatic activity. The infra-red spectroscopy results for multi-functional acrylamides treated samples demonstrated shifts of the amide II bonds and marked increase in intensity of the bands 1200 cm-1, which may indicate partial collagen denaturation and some degree of cross-linking of the compounds with collagen, respectively. The multi-acrylamides exhibited not only comparable mechanical properties but also demonstrated significantly enhanced biochemical stability when compared to the widely used methacrylate control. Clinical relevance: These findings highlight the potential of multi-acrylamides to increase the bonding stability to tissues and, ultimately, contribute to the longevity of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pmc Scaffa
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA
| | - M G Logan
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA
| | - M Y Icimoto
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - App Fugolin
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA
| | - F M Tsuzuki
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA; State University of Campinas, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials, Brazil
| | - S H Lewis
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA
| | - C S Pfeifer
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, USA.
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4
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Ahmadi M, Ehrmann K, Koch T, Liska R, Stampfl J. From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3978-4020. [PMID: 38546847 PMCID: PMC11009961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Kabra M, Kloxin CJ. CuAAC-methacrylate interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) properties modulated by visible-light photoinitiation. Polym Chem 2023; 14:3739-3748. [PMID: 37663952 PMCID: PMC10470441 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are a class of materials with interwoven polymers that exhibit unique blended or enhanced properties useful to a variety of applications, ranging from restorative protective materials to conductive membranes and hydrophobic adhesives. The IPN formation kinetics can play a critical role in the development of the underlying morphology and in turn the properties of the material. Dual photoinitiation of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) and radical mediated methacrylate polymerization chemistries enable the manipulation of IPN microstructure and properties by controlling the kinetics of IPN formation via the intensity of the initiating light. Specifically, azide and alkyne-based polyethylene glycol monomers and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were polymerized in a single pot to form IPNs and the properties were evaluated as a function of the photoinitiating light intensity. Morphological differences as a function of intensity were observed in the IPNs as determined by thermomechanical properties and phase-contrast imaging in tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). At moderate intensities (20 mW/cm2) of visible light (470 nm), the TEGDMA polymerization gels first and therefore forms the underlying network scaffold. At low intensities (0.2 mW/cm2), the CuAAC polymerization can gel first. The ability to switch sequence of gelation and IPN trajectory (simultaneous vs. sequential), affords control over phase separation behavior. Thus, light not only allows for spatial and temporal control over the IPN formation but also provides control over their thermomechanical properties, representing a route for facile IPNs design, synthesis, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Kabra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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6
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Abstract
Multivalent proteins and nucleic acids, collectively referred to as multivalent associative biomacromolecules, provide the driving forces for the formation and compositional regulation of biomolecular condensates. Here, we review the key concepts of phase transitions of aqueous solutions of associative biomacromolecules, specifically proteins that include folded domains and intrinsically disordered regions. The phase transitions of these systems come under the rubric of coupled associative and segregative transitions. The concepts underlying these processes are presented, and their relevance to biomolecular condensates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Samuel R Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Furqan Dar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mina Farag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mrityunjoy Kar
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Yempally S, Kacem E, Ponnamma D. Influence of phase-separated structural morphologies on the piezo and triboelectric properties of polymer composites. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:93. [PMID: 37392317 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Simplified and flexible fabrication methods, high output performance, and extreme flexibility of polymer-based nanocomposites represent versatile designs in self-powering devices for wearable electronics, sensors, and smart societies. Examples include polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers-based piezoelectric nanogenerators, green and recyclable triboelectric nanogenerators, etc. Advanced functionalities, multi-functional properties, and the extensive lifetime required for nanogenerators inspire researchers to focus on structural modifications of the polymeric materials, to fully exploit their performances. Phase separation is a physicochemical process in which polymeric phases rearrange, resulting in specific structures and properties, that ultimately influence mechanical, electronic, and other functional properties. This article will study the phase separation strategies used to modify the polymeric base, both physically and chemically, to generate the maximum electric power upon mechanical and frictional deformation. The effect of interfacial modification on the efficiency of the nanogenerators, chemical and mechanical stability, structural integrity, durable performance, and morphological appearance will be extensively covered in this review. Moreover, piezo- and triboelectric power generation have numerous challenges, such as poor resistance to mechanical deformation, reduced cyclic performance stability, and a high cost of production. These often depend on the method of developing the nanogenerators, and phase separation provides a unique advantage in reducing them. The current review provides a one-stop solution to understand and disseminate the phase separation process, types and mechanisms, advantages, and role in improving the piezoelectric and triboelectric performances of the nanogenerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Yempally
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eya Kacem
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Deepalekshmi Ponnamma
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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8
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Morinaga M, Iwaki T, Tanaka H, Lagzi I, Nakanishi H. Patterning Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Photopolymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17152-17162. [PMID: 36811865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have several potential applications, owing to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, patterning perovskite QDs using conventional methods is difficult because of the ionic nature of QDs. Here, we demonstrate a unique approach, in which perovskite QDs are patterned in polymer films through the photocuring of monomers under patterned light illumination. The pattern illumination creates the transient polymer concentration difference, which drives the QDs to form patterns; hence controlling polymerization kinetics is essential for the generation of the QD pattern. For the patterning mechanism, a light projection system equipped with a digital micromirror device (DMD) is developed; thus, light intensity, an important factor to determine polymerization kinetics, is precisely controlled per position on the photocurable solution, resulting in the understanding of the mechanism and the formation of distinct QD patterns. The demonstrated approach assisted by the DMD-equipped projection system can form desired perovskite QD patterns solely by patterned light illumination, paving the way for the development of patterning methods for perovskite QDs and other nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Morinaga
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takuto Iwaki
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hayato Tanaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - István Lagzi
- ELKH-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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9
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Li C, Li J, Zhang H, Yang Y. A systematic study on immiscible binary systems undergoing thermal/photo reversible chemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1642-1648. [PMID: 36510818 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically study an immiscible binary system undergoing thermal/photo reversible reactions in theory. For the thermal reaction case, no dissipative structures can be formed and only uniform equilibrium states are observed but the dynamical evolution to these trivial states witnesses a new type of sophisticated phase amplification phenomenon-temporary phase separation (TPS). Linear analysis and light-scattering calculations confirm that TPS is predominated either by spinodal decomposition or nucleation and growth mechanism, or by both successively. For the photo reaction case, steady dissipative patterns exist and are maintained by the external energy input of lights. Linear analysis together with simulations reveals that the characteristic wavelength (ξ) of these structures shortens as the input energy density increases and they obey the relation of ln ξ∝ 1/Tb with Tb the effective temperature of lights. The TPS phenomenon and length-scale dependency of dissipative patterns observed in this simple binary system might have rich implications for the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianfeng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongdong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yuliang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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10
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Renner-Rao M, Jehle F, Priemel T, Duthoo E, Fratzl P, Bertinetti L, Harrington MJ. Mussels Fabricate Porous Glues via Multiphase Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Multiprotein Condensates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20877-20890. [PMID: 36413745 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) adhere to hard surfaces in intertidal marine habitats with a porous underwater glue called the byssus plaque. The plaque is an established role model for bioinspired underwater glues and comprises at least six proteins, most of which are highly cationic and enriched in the post-translationally modified amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). While much is known about the chemistry of plaque adhesion, less is understood about the natural plaque formation process. Here, we investigated plaque structure and formation using 3D electron microscopic imaging, revealing that micro- and nanopores form spontaneously during secretion of protein-filled secretory vesicles. To better understand this process, we developed a method to purify intact secretory vesicles for in vitro assembly studies. We discovered that each vesicle contains a sulfate-associated fluid condensate consisting of ∼9 histidine- and/or DOPA-rich proteins, which are presumably the required ingredients for building a plaque. Rupturing vesicles under specific buffering conditions relevant for natural assembly led to controlled multiphase liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of different proteins, resulting in formation of a continuous phase with coexisting droplets. Rapid coarsening of the droplet phase was arrested through pH-dependent cross-linking of the continuous phase, producing native-like solid porous "microplaques" with droplet proteins remaining as fluid condensates within the pores. Results indicate that histidine deprotonation and sulfates figure prominently in condensate cross-linking. Distilled concepts suggest that combining phase separation with tunable cross-linking kinetics could be effective for microfabricating hierarchically porous materials via self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Renner-Rao
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
| | - Franziska Jehle
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
- Dept. of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Tobias Priemel
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
| | - Emilie Duthoo
- Dept. of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0B8, Canada
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Dept. of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Dept. of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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11
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Suzuki Y, Onozato S, Shinagawa Y, Matsumoto A. Microporous Structure Formation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation in the Presence of Poly(ethylene glycol). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38933-38941. [PMID: 36340152 PMCID: PMC9631874 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that nano- or micro-structured polymeric materials have huge potential as advanced materials. However, most of the current fabricating methods have limitations either in cost or in size. Here, we investigate the bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). We found that phase separation occurs during bulk polymerization. After removal of PEG via sonication, microscopic structures of poly(methyl methacrylate), including porous structures, co-continuous monolith structures, or particle aggregation structures, are formed. These structures can be controlled by the amount of PEG added and the reaction temperature. The results are summarized in phase diagrams. The addition of PEG significantly affects the reaction kinetics. Phase separation is coupled with the reaction acceleration known as the Trommsdorff effect. As a result, the reaction completes in a shorter time when the PEG amount is higher. We demonstrate surface coating to fabricate an amphiphobic surface, repelling both water and oil. The methods presented here have the potential to fabricate microscopic structures in large areas cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shodai Onozato
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuya Shinagawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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12
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Liu L, Rambarran T, Fitzpatrick S, Sheardown H. Phase separation control of PDMS/PNIPAAm IPNs and the effect on drug release. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Shi X, Bobrin VA, Yao Y, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206272. [PMID: 35732587 PMCID: PMC9544629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of polymeric thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi-arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured materials via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale of microphase-separated domains is determined by the macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale morphologies are controlled by the macroCTA architecture. Specifically, using 2- and 4- arm macroCTAs provides materials with different morphologies compared to analogous monofunctional linear macroCTAs at similar compositions. The mechanical properties of these nanostructured thermosets can also be tuned while maintaining the desired morphologies. Using multi-arm macroCTAs can thus broaden the scope of accessible nanostructures for extended applications, including the fabrication of actuators and potential drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Shi
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscope UnitMark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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14
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15
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Shi X, Bobrin VA, Yao Y, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer CAJM. Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Shi
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Yin Yao
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Jin Zhang
- UNSW: University of New South Wales School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- UNSW: University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering UNSWSchool of Chemical Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Cyrille Andre Jean Marie Boyer
- University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design High streetApplied science building 2052 Sydney AUSTRALIA
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16
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Ding N, Hosein ID. Simulations of Structure and Morphology in Photoreactive Polymer Blends under Multibeam Irradiation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:6700-6715. [PMID: 35493698 PMCID: PMC9037196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the organization of photoreactive polymer blends under irradiation by multiple arrays of intersecting optical beams. In a simulated medium possessing an integrated intensity-dependent refractive index, optical beams undergo self-focusing and reduced divergence. A corresponding intensity-dependent increase in molecular weight induces polymer blend instability and consequent phase separation, whereby the medium can evolve into an intersecting waveguide lattice structure, comprising high refractive index cylindrical cores and a surrounding low refractive index medium (cladding). We conduct simulations for two propagation angles and a range of thermodynamic, kinetic, and polymer blend parameters to establish correlations to structure and morphology. We show that spatially correlated structures, namely, those that have a similar intersecting three-dimensional (3D) pattern as the arrays of intersecting optical beams, are achieved via a balance between the competitive processes of photopolymerization rate and phase separation dynamics. A greater intersection angle of the optical beams leads to higher correlations between structures and the optical beam pattern and a wider parameter space that achieves correlated structures. This work demonstrates the potential to employ complex propagating light patterns to create 3D organized structures in multicomponent photoreactive soft systems.
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17
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Calvez I, Szczepanski CR, Landry V. Hybrid Free-Radical/Cationic Phase-Separated UV-Curable System: Impact of Photoinitiator Content and Monomer Fraction on Surface Morphologies and Gloss Appearance. Macromolecules 2022; 55:3129-3139. [PMID: 35502195 PMCID: PMC9048687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous photopolymerization of radical and cationic systems is one strategy to generate polymer network architectures named interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). In these hybrid systems, phase separation and final polymer morphology are ultimately governed by thermodynamic incompatibility and polymerization kinetics. This behavior is quite complex, as numerous factors can affect polymerization kinetics including monomer/oligomer viscosity and structure, light intensity, photoinitiator content and absorbance, cross-linking, vitrification, etc. In this work, the impact of photoinitiator concentration and monomer fraction on surface morphologies in a hybrid radical/cationic phase-separated system was examined. Wrinkles formed on the surface of photopolymerized films depend on the polymerization rate and acrylate/epoxy ratio. This phenomenon is partially explained by the rapid polymerization rate associated with the development of an epoxy matrix and a smaller acrylate domain. The size and shape of the wrinkles can be controlled by varying formulation parameters (mainly, composition) and photoinitiator content. It was possible to create surface roughness and consequently decrease the gloss by controlling the polymerization kinetics and phase-separated morphology. This study demonstrates that the morphology, polymerization kinetics, and film properties (e.g., gloss, transparency) can be manipulated with the ratio of the acrylate/epoxy mixture and the photoinitiator content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Calvez
- NSERC−Canlak Industrial Research Chair in interior Wood-Products finishes, Department of Wood and Forest Science, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline R. Szczepanski
- College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Véronic Landry
- NSERC−Canlak Industrial Research Chair in interior Wood-Products finishes, Department of Wood and Forest Science, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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18
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Hobiger V, Paljevac M, Krajnc P. Emulsion Templated Porous Poly(thiol-enes): Influence of Photopolymerisation, Emulsion Composition, and Phase Behaviour on the Porous Structure and Morphology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071338. [PMID: 35406212 PMCID: PMC9002874 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) or divinyl adipate (DVA) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (TT) were polymerised via a thiol-ene radical initiated photopolymerisation using emulsions with a high volume fraction of internal droplet phase and monomers in the continuous phase as precursors. The porous structure derived from the high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) followed the precursor emulsion setup resulting in an open porous cellularly structured polymer. Changing the emulsion composition and polymerisation conditions influenced the resulting morphological structure significantly. The investigated factors influencing the polymer monolith morphology were the emulsion phase ratio and surfactant concentration, leading to either interconnected cellular type morphology, bicontinuous porous morphology or a hollow sphere inverted structure of the polymerised monoliths. The samples with interconnected cellular morphology had pore diameters between 4 µm and 10 µm with approx. 1 µm sized interconnecting channels while samples with bicontinuous morphology featured approx. 5 µm wide pores between the polymer domains. The appropriate choice of emulsion composition enabled the preparation of highly porous poly(thiol-enes) with either polyHIPE or bicontinuous morphology. The porosities of the prepared samples followed the emulsion droplet phase share and could reach up to 88%.
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19
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Longo TJ, Anisimov MA. Phase transitions affected by natural and forceful molecular interconversion. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
If a binary liquid mixture, composed of two alternative species with equal amounts, is quenched from a high temperature to a low temperature, below the critical point of demixing, then the mixture will phase separate through a process known as spinodal decomposition. However, if the two alternative species are allowed to interconvert, either naturally (e.g., the equilibrium interconversion of enantiomers) or forcefully (e.g., via an external source of energy or matter), then the process of phase separation may drastically change. In this case, depending on the nature of interconversion, two phenomena could be observed: either phase amplification, the growth of one phase at the expense of another stable phase, or microphase separation, the formation of nongrowing (steady-state) microphase domains. In this work, we phenomenologically generalize the Cahn–Hilliard theory of spinodal decomposition to include the molecular interconversion of species and describe the physical properties of systems undergoing either phase amplification or microphase separation. We apply the developed phenomenology to accurately describe the simulation results of three atomistic models that demonstrate phase amplification and/or microphase separation. We also discuss the application of our approach to phase transitions in polyamorphic liquids. Finally, we describe the effects of fluctuations of the order parameter in the critical region on phase amplification and microphase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Longo
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Anisimov
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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20
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Tanaka H, Morinaga M, Tran-Cong-Miyata Q, Norisuye T, Holló G, Lagzi I, Nakanishi H. Patterning Silver Nanowires by Inducing Transient Concentration Gradients in Reaction Mixtures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60462-60470. [PMID: 34881562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Patterning nanocrystals in polymer films is essential for the widespread use of nanocrystals in various fields from optics to electronics; therefore, the development of patterning methods for nanocrystals is an important task. Here, we report a unique approach for patterning silver nanowires (AgNWs) using a thermodynamic driving force induced by transient concentration gradients in reaction mixtures. The procedure starts with the preparation of a photocurable monomer solution containing homogeneously dispersed AgNWs. Ultraviolet illumination through a straight-line mask reduces the polymerization rate of monomers in the masked area, decreasing the polymer concentration in comparison with that in the unmasked area. Such transient polymer concentration gradients yield imbalances in the chemical potentials of AgNWs, inducing the migration of AgNWs to form a straight-line pattern of AgNWs. The pattern of AgNWs was visualized via photoluminescence imaging under a laser scanning confocal microscope and compared with the light patterns applied to the mixture. These observations revealed that the magnitude of the AgNW migration is enhanced as the transient concentration gradient increases by thickening the mask to decrease the intensity of light passing through the mask. The structural features of the AgNW pattern were reproduced using numerical simulations based on a set of reaction-diffusion equations, which suggested the key role of the polymerization kinetics characterized by the Trommsdorff-Norrish effect. Moreover, as the AgNW pattern becomes clearer, the electrical resistance along the patterns decreases and more complex patterns can be produced, indicating the potential of the method. Overall, the present patterning method constitutes a simple approach that only requires illumination through a mask to generate the AgNW pattern, which renders it a promising alternative for patterning nanocrystals in polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tanaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mamoru Morinaga
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Norisuye
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Gábor Holló
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Lagzi
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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21
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Bley M, Baul U, Dzubiella J. Controlling solvent quality by time: Self-avoiding sprints in nonequilibrium polymerization. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034501. [PMID: 34654077 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental paradigm in polymer physics is that macromolecular conformations in equilibrium can be described by universal scaling laws, being key for structure, dynamics, and function of soft (biological) matter and in the materials sciences. Here we reveal that during diffusion-influenced, nonequilibrium chain-growth polymerization, scaling laws change qualitatively, in particular, the growing polymers exhibit a surprising self-avoiding walk behavior in poor and θ solvents. Our analysis, based on monomer-resolved, off-lattice reaction-diffusion computer simulations, demonstrates that this phenomenon is a result of (i) nonequilibrium monomer density depletion correlations around the active polymerization site, leading to a locally directed and self-avoiding growth, in conjunction with (ii) chain (Rouse) relaxation times larger than the competing polymerization reaction time. These intrinsic nonequilibrium mechanisms are facilitated by fast and persistent reaction-driven diffusion ("sprints") of the active site, with analogies to pseudochemotactic active Brownian particles. Our findings have implications for time-controlled structure formation in polymer processing, as in, e.g., reactive self-assembly, photocrosslinking, and three-dimensional printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bley
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Upayan Baul
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMats@FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Suzuki Y, Shinagawa Y, Kato E, Mishima R, Fukao K, Matsumoto A. Polymerization-Induced Vitrification and Kinetic Heterogenization at the Onset of the Trommsdorff Effect. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuya Shinagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eri Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mishima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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23
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Singh AK, Chauhan A, Puri S, Singh A. Photo-induced bond breaking during phase separation kinetics of block copolymer melts: a dissipative particle dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1802-1813. [PMID: 33399613 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01664k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method, we study the phase separation dynamics in block copolymer (BCP) melts in d = 3, subjected to external stimuli such as light. An initial homogeneous BCP melt is rapidly quenched to a temperature T < Tc, where Tc is the critical temperature. We then allow the system to undergo alternate light "on" and "off" cycles. An on-cycle breaks the stimuli-sensitive bonds connecting both the blocks A and B in the BCP melt, and during the off-cycle, the broken bonds recombine. By simulating the effect of light, we isolate scenarios where phase separation begins with the light off (set 1); the cooperative interactions within the system allow it to undergo microphase separation. When the phase separation starts with the light on (set 2), the system undergoes macrophase separation due to bond breaking. Here, we report the role of alternate cycles on domain morphology by varying the bond-breaking probability for both set 1 and set 2, respectively. We observe that the scaling functions depend upon the conditions mentioned above that change the time scale of the evolving morphologies in various cycles. However, in all the cases, the average domain size respects the power-law growth: R(t) ∼tφ at late times, where φ is the dynamic growth exponent. After a short-lived diffusive growth (φ∼ 1/3) at early times, φ illustrates a crossover from the viscous hydrodynamic (φ∼ 1) to the inertial hydrodynamic (φ∼ 2/3) regimes at late times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Avinash Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
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24
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Wicks J, Jue ML, Beck VA, Oakdale JS, Dudukovic NA, Clemens AL, Liang S, Ellis ME, Lee G, Baker SE, Duoss EB, Sargent EH. 3D-Printable Fluoropolymer Gas Diffusion Layers for CO 2 Electroreduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003855. [PMID: 33448061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrosynthesis of value-added multicarbon products from CO2 is a promising strategy to shift chemical production away from fossil fuels. Particularly important is the rational design of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assemblies to react selectively, at scale, and at high rates. However, the understanding of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in these assemblies is limited for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR): particularly important, but incompletely understood, is how the GDL modulates product distributions of catalysts operating in high current density regimes > 300 mA cm-2 . Here, 3D-printable fluoropolymer GDLs with tunable microporosity and structure are reported and probe the effects of permeance, microstructural porosity, macrostructure, and surface morphology. Under a given choice of applied electrochemical potential and electrolyte, a 100× increase in the C2 H4 :CO ratio due to GDL surface morphology design over a homogeneously porous equivalent and a 1.8× increase in the C2 H4 partial current density due to a pyramidal macrostructure are observed. These findings offer routes to improve CO2 RR GDEs as a platform for 3D catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wicks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Melinda L Jue
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Victor A Beck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - James S Oakdale
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Nikola A Dudukovic
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Auston L Clemens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Siwei Liang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Megan E Ellis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Geonhui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sarah E Baker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
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25
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Direct printing of functional 3D objects using polymerization-induced phase separation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:55. [PMID: 33397901 PMCID: PMC7782741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing has enabled materials, geometries and functional properties to be combined in unique ways otherwise unattainable via traditional manufacturing techniques, yet its adoption as a mainstream manufacturing platform for functional objects is hindered by the physical challenges in printing multiple materials. Vat polymerization offers a polymer chemistry-based approach to generating smart objects, in which phase separation is used to control the spatial positioning of materials and thus at once, achieve desirable morphological and functional properties of final 3D printed objects. This study demonstrates how the spatial distribution of different material phases can be modulated by controlling the kinetics of gelation, cross-linking density and material diffusivity through the judicious selection of photoresin components. A continuum of morphologies, ranging from functional coatings, gradients and composites are generated, enabling the fabrication of 3D piezoresistive sensors, 5G antennas and antimicrobial objects and thus illustrating a promising way forward in the integration of dissimilar materials in 3D printing of smart or functional parts.
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26
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Nakanishi H, Kawabata Y, Tsujiai S, Tanaka H, Teraji S, Holló G, Lagzi I, Norisuye T, Tran‐Cong‐Miyata Q. Nanocrystals Assembled by the Chemical Reaction of the Dispersion Solvent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yuto Kawabata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Shogo Tsujiai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hayato Tanaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Satoshi Teraji
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Gábor Holló
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budafoki út 8 Budapest Hungary
| | - István Lagzi
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budafoki út 8 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budafoki út 8 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tomohisa Norisuye
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Qui Tran‐Cong‐Miyata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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27
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Nakanishi H, Kawabata Y, Tsujiai S, Tanaka H, Teraji S, Holló G, Lagzi I, Norisuye T, Tran-Cong-Miyata Q. Nanocrystals Assembled by the Chemical Reaction of the Dispersion Solvent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13086-13092. [PMID: 32333470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of methods to pattern nanocrystals with different sizes and shapes remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a unique class of bottom-up approaches to assemble nanocrystals into patterns. Our approach for patterning nanocrystals focuses on the utilization and control of the chemical reaction of solvents surrounding nanocrystals. The photopolymerization of solvent molecules through a photomask creates time-dependent concentration gradients of the solvents. Dispersed nanocrystals such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) migrate and are gradually organized and integrated into the polymerizing films based on the concentration gradients. The AgNW-embedded film properties are determined by the organized AgNW structures and include light transmission and electrical conductivity. Overall, the demonstrated method is very simple, widely applicable to various nanocrystals and solvents, and can thus contribute to the development of a new class of nanocrystal patterning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuto Kawabata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsujiai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hayato Tanaka
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teraji
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Gábor Holló
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budafoki út 8, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Lagzi
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Physics Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budafoki út 8, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budafoki út 8, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomohisa Norisuye
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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28
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Atkins S, Chueh A, Barwell T, Nunzi JM, Seroude L. Capture and light-induced release of antibiotics by an azo dye polymer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3267. [PMID: 32094405 PMCID: PMC7039927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The isomerisation of azo dyes can induce conformational changes which have potential applications in medicine and environmental protection. We developed an agar diffusion assay to test the capture and release of biologically active molecules from an azo electro-optic polymer, Poly (Disperse Red 1 methacrylate) (DR1/PMMA). The assay monitors the growth of bacteria placed in soft agar under a glass coverslip. Antibiotics can then be applied on the coverslip resulting in the clearance of the area under the coverslip due to growth inhibition. This assay demonstrates that DR1/PMMA is able to capture either tetracycline or ampicillin and the relative amount of DR1/PMMA required for capture was determined. Finally, the active antibiotics can be released from DR1/PMMA by exposure to green laser light. Exposure to white light from a torch or to heat does not release the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Atkins
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Alysa Chueh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Taylor Barwell
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L-3N6, Canada. .,Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L-3N6, Canada.
| | - Laurent Seroude
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L-3N6, Canada.
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29
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Weber CA, Zwicker D, Jülicher F, Lee CF. Physics of active emulsions. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:064601. [PMID: 30731446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase separating systems that are maintained away from thermodynamic equilibrium via molecular processes represent a class of active systems, which we call active emulsions. These systems are driven by external energy input, for example provided by an external fuel reservoir. The external energy input gives rise to novel phenomena that are not present in passive systems. For instance, concentration gradients can spatially organise emulsions and cause novel droplet size distributions. Another example are active droplets that are subject to chemical reactions such that their nucleation and size can be controlled, and they can divide spontaneously. In this review, we discuss the physics of phase separation and emulsions and show how the concepts that govern such phenomena can be extended to capture the physics of active emulsions. This physics is relevant to the spatial organisation of the biochemistry in living cells, for the development of novel applications in chemical engineering and models for the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Weber
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany. Center for Systems Biology Dresden, CSBD, Dresden, Germany. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
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30
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Hasa E, Scholte JP, Jessop JLP, Stansbury JW, Guymon CA. Kinetically Controlled Photoinduced Phase Separation for Hybrid Radical/Cationic Systems. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erion Hasa
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, United States
| | - Jon P. Scholte
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, United States
| | - Julie L. P. Jessop
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80309, United States
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, United States
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31
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Triphase Separation of a Ternary Symmetric Highly Viscous Mixture. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20120936. [PMID: 33266660 PMCID: PMC7512524 DOI: 10.3390/e20120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We discuss numerical results of diffusion-driven separation into three phases of a symmetric, three-component highly viscous liquid mixture after an instantaneous quench from the one-phase region into an unstable location within the tie triangle of its phase diagram. Our theoretical approach follows a diffuse-interface model of partially miscible ternary liquid mixtures that incorporates the one-parameter Margules correlation as a submodel for the enthalpic (so-called excess) component of the Gibbs energy of mixing, while its nonlocal part is represented based on a square-gradient (Cahn–Hilliard-type) modeling assumption. The governing equations for this phase-field ternary mixture model are simulated in 3D, showing the segregation kinetics in terms of basic segregation statistics, such as the integral scale of the pair-correlation function and the separation depth for each component. Based on the temporal evolution of the integral scales, phase separation takes place via the simultaneous growth of three phases up until a symmetry-breaking event after which one component continues to separate quickly, while phase separation for the other two seems to be delayed. However, inspection of the separation depths reveals that there can be no symmetry among the three components at any instant in time during a triphase segregation process.
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32
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Suzuki Y, Cousins DS, Shinagawa Y, Bell RT, Matsumoto A, Stebner AP. Phase separation during bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Spinodal nanostructures in polymer blends: On the validity of the Cahn-Hilliard length scale prediction. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Biria S, Chen FH, Pathreeker S, Hosein ID. Polymer Encapsulants Incorporating Light-Guiding Architectures to Increase Optical Energy Conversion in Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29271510 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a new type of solar cell encapsulation architecture comprising a periodic array of step-index waveguides is reported. The materials are fabricated through patterning with light in a photoreactive binary blend of crosslinking acrylate and urethane, wherein phase separation induces the spontaneous, directed formation of broadband, cylindrical waveguides. This microstructured material efficiently collects and transmits optical energy over a wide range of entry angles. Silicon solar cells comprising this encapsulation architecture show greater total external quantum efficiencies and enhanced wide-angle light capture and conversion. This is a rapid, straightforward, and scalable approach to process light-collecting structures, whereby significant increases in cell performance may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Biria
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 130 Smith Drive, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13116, USA
| | - Fu Hao Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 130 Smith Drive, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13116, USA
| | - Shreyas Pathreeker
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 130 Smith Drive, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13116, USA
| | - Ian D Hosein
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 130 Smith Drive, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13116, USA
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35
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Biria S, Hosein ID. Superhydrophobic Microporous Substrates via Photocuring: Coupling Optical Pattern Formation to Phase Separation for Process-Tunable Pore Architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3094-3105. [PMID: 29320157 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach to synthesize microporous surfaces through the combination of photopolymerization-induced phase separation and light pattern formation in photopolymer-solvent mixtures. The mixtures are irradiated with a wide-area light pattern consisting of high and low intensity regions. This light pattern undergoes self-focusing and filamentation, thereby preserving its spatial profile through the mixture. Over the course of irradiation, the mixture undergoes phase separation, with the polymer and solvent located in the bright and dark regions of the light profile, respectively, to produce a binary phase morphology with a congruent arrangement as the optical pattern. A congruently arranged microporous structure is attained upon solvent removal. The microporous surface structure can be varied by changing the irradiating light profile via photomask design. The porous architecture can be further tuned through the relative weight fractions of photopolymer and solvent in the mixture, resulting in porosities ranging from those with discrete and uniform pore sizes to hierarchical pore distributions. All surfaces become superhydrophobic (water contact angles >150°) when spray-coated with a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles. The water contact angles can be enhanced by changing the surface porosity via the processing conditions. This is a scalable and tunable approach to precisely control microporous surface structure in thin films to create functional surfaces and antiwetting coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Biria
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ian D Hosein
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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36
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Mohammad Raei Nayini M, Bastani S, Moradian S, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X. Manipulating the Surface Structure of Hybrid UV Curable Coatings through Photopolymerization-Induced Phase Separation: Influence of Inorganic Portion and Photoinitiator Content. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammad Raei Nayini
- Department of Printing Science and Technology; Institute for Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Bastani
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion; Institute for Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
- Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology; Institute of Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology; Institute of Color Science and Technology; Vafamanesh St, Sayad Shirazi North HWY PB: 54-16765 Tehran Iran
| | - Céline Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; ENSCMu; 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; ENSCMu; 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
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37
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Biria S, Morim DR, An Tsao F, Saravanamuttu K, Hosein ID. Coupling nonlinear optical waves to photoreactive and phase-separating soft matter: Current status and perspectives. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:104611. [PMID: 29092420 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optics and polymer systems are distinct fields that have been studied for decades. These two fields intersect with the observation of nonlinear wave propagation in photoreactive polymer systems. This has led to studies on the nonlinear dynamics of transmitted light in polymer media, particularly for optical self-trapping and optical modulation instability. The irreversibility of polymerization leads to permanent capture of nonlinear optical patterns in the polymer structure, which is a new synthetic route to complex structured soft materials. Over time more intricate polymer systems are employed, whereby nonlinear optical dynamics can couple to nonlinear chemical dynamics, opening opportunities for self-organization. This paper discusses the work to date on nonlinear optical pattern formation processes in polymers. A brief overview of nonlinear optical phenomenon is provided to set the stage for understanding their effects. We review the accomplishments of the field on studying nonlinear waveform propagation in photopolymerizable systems, then discuss our most recent progress in coupling nonlinear optical pattern formation to polymer blends and phase separation. To this end, perspectives on future directions and areas of sustained inquiry are provided. This review highlights the significant opportunity in exploiting nonlinear optical pattern formation in soft matter for the discovery of new light-directed and light-stimulated materials phenomenon, and in turn, soft matter provides a platform by which new nonlinear optical phenomenon may be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Biria
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Derek R Morim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Fu An Tsao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kalaichelvi Saravanamuttu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Ian D Hosein
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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38
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Biria S, Hosein ID. Control of Morphology in Polymer Blends through Light Self-Trapping: An in Situ Study of Structure Evolution, Reaction Kinetics, and Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Biria
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ian D. Hosein
- Department of Biomedical
and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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39
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Tran-Cong-Miyata Q. In Focus section: Polymer Research at Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Japan. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Matsugasaki Kyoto 606-858 JAPAN
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40
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KITAMURA Y, NAKANISHI H, NORISUYE T, TRAN-CONG-MIYATA Q. Unidirectional Bi-Continuous Morphology of Polymer Blends Undergoing Photopolymerization-Induced Phase Separation by Computer-Assisted Irradiation (CAI) Method. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2016-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki KITAMURA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology University
| | - Hideyuki NAKANISHI
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology University
| | - Tomohisa NORISUYE
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology University
| | - Qui TRAN-CONG-MIYATA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology University
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41
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KAMEDA H, OYA K, NAKANISHI H, NORISUYE T, TRAN-CONG-MIYATA Q. Formation of a Bi-Continuous Morphology Generated by Photopolymerization in a Ternary Polymer Blend. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayata KAMEDA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Kenzo OYA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Hideyuki NAKANISHI
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Tomohisa NORISUYE
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Qui TRAN-CONG-MIYATA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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42
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Biria S, Malley PPA, Kahan TF, Hosein ID. Optical Autocatalysis Establishes Novel Spatial Dynamics in Phase Separation of Polymer Blends during Photocuring. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1237-1241. [PMID: 35614732 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a fundamentally new nonlinear dynamic system that couples optical autocatalytic behavior to phase evolution in photoreactive binary polymer blends. Upon exposure to light, the blend undergoes spontaneous patterning into a dense arrangement of microscale polymer filaments. The filaments' growth in turn induces local spinodal decomposition of the blend along their length, thereby regulating the spatially dynamics of phase separation. This leads to the spontaneous organization of a large-scale binary phase morphology dictated by the filament arrangement. This is a new mechanism for polymer blend organization, which couples nonlinear optical dynamics to chemical phase separation dynamics, and offers a new approach to light-directed patterning and organization of polymer and hybrid blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Biria
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Phillip P. A. Malley
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Tara F. Kahan
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ian D. Hosein
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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