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Huang Y, Liu C, Huo X, Lai X, Zhu W, Hao Y, Zheng Z, Guo K. Enhanced resistance to heat and fungal infection in transgenic Trichoderma via over-expressing the HSP70 gene. AMB Express 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38600342 PMCID: PMC11006649 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the growth, sporulation, colonization and survival of Trichoderma viride. This study aimed to gain a better insight into the underlying mechanism governing the heat stress response of T. viride Tv-1511. We analysed the transcriptomic changes of Tv-1511 under normal and heat stress conditions using RNA sequencing. We observed that Tv-1511 regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites through a complex network of signalling pathways. Additionally, it significantly activates the anti-oxidant defence system, heat shock proteins and stress-response-related transcription factors in response to heat stress. TvHSP70 was identified as a key gene, and transgenic Tv-1511 overexpressing TvHSP70 (TvHSP70-OE) was generated. We conducted an integrated morphological, physiological and molecular analyses of the TvHSP70-OE and wild-type strains. We observed that TvHSP70 over-expression significantly triggered the growth, anti-oxidant capacity, anti-fungal activity and growth-promoting ability of Tv-1511. Regarding anti-oxidant capacity, TvHSP70 primarily up-regulated genes involved in enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant systems. In terms of anti-fungal activity, TvHSP70 primarily activated genes involved in the synthesis of enediyne, anti-fungal and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This study provides a comparative analysis of the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of HSP70 in Trichoderma. These findings provide a valuable foundation for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Huang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Changfa Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuexue Huo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xianzhi Lai
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yongren Hao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zehui Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Zhang J, Wysocki R, Li F, Yu M, Martinoia E, Song WY. Role of ubiquitination in arsenic tolerance in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:880-892. [PMID: 37002000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is harmful to all living organisms, including humans and plants. To limit As uptake and avoid its toxicity, plants employ systems that regulate the uptake of As from the soil and its translocation from roots to grains. Ubiquitination, a highly conserved post-translational modification (PTM) in all eukaryotes, plays crucial roles in modulating As detoxification mechanisms in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), but little is known about its roles in As tolerance and transport in plants. In this opinion article we review recent findings and suggest that ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating As transport in plants. We also propose ideas for future research to explore the importance of ubiquitination for enhancing As tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Fangbai Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Min Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Institute of Plant Biology, University Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Won-Yong Song
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Li J, Liu X, Xu L, Li W, Yao Q, Yin X, Wang Q, Tan W, Xing W, Liu D. Low nitrogen stress-induced transcriptome changes revealed the molecular response and tolerance characteristics in maintaining the C/N balance of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164151. [PMID: 37152145 PMCID: PMC10160481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants, acting as a common limiting factor for crop yield. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is related to the sustainable development of both crops and the environment. To further explore the molecular response of sugar beet under low nitrogen (LN) supply, transcriptome analysis was performed on the LN-tolerant germplasm '780016B/12 superior'. In total, 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves, and 1,075 DEGs were identified in roots (log2 |FC| ≥ 1; q value < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses clarified the role and relationship of DEGs under LN stress. Most of the downregulated DEGs were closely related to "photosynthesis" and the metabolism of "photosynthesis-antenna proteins", "carbon", "nitrogen", and "glutathione", while the upregulated DEGs were involved in flavonoid and phenylalanine biosynthesis. For example, GLUDB (glutamate dehydrogenase B) was identified as a key downregulated gene, linking carbon, nitrogen, and glutamate metabolism. Thus, low nitrogen-tolerant sugar beet reduced energy expenditure mainly by reducing the synthesis of energy-consuming amino acids, which in turn improved tolerance to low nitrogen stress. The glutathione metabolism biosynthesis pathway was promoted to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cells from oxidative damage. The expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid transport genes, such as NRT2.5 (high-affinity nitrate transporter), NR (nitrate reductase [NADH]), NIR (ferredoxin-nitrite reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme), GLUDB, GST (glutathione transferase) and GGT3 (glutathione hydrolase 3) at low nitrogen levels play a decisive role in nitrogen utilization and may affect the conversion of the carbon skeleton. DFRA (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) in roots was negatively correlated with NIR in leaves (coefficient = -0.98, p < 0.05), suggesting that there may be corresponding remote regulation between "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "nitrogen metabolism" in roots and leaves. FBP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase) and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.001) with Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration). The reliability and reproducibility of the RNA-seq data were further confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) validation of 22 genes (R2 = 0.98). This study reveals possible pivotal genes and metabolic pathways for sugar beet adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wangsheng Li
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Yao
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xilong Yin
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Liu, ; Wang Xing,
| | - Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced agriculture and ecological environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Liu, ; Wang Xing,
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Huybrechts M, Hendrix S, Kyndt T, Demeestere K, Vandamme D, Cuypers A. Short-term effects of cadmium on leaf growth and nutrient transport in rice plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111054. [PMID: 34763852 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of rice grains contaminated with high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) can cause serious long-term health problems. Moreover, even low Cd concentrations present in the soil can result in the abatement of plant performance, leading to lower grain yield. Studies examining the molecular basis of plant defense against Cd-induced oxidative stress could pave the way in creating superior rice varieties that display an optimal antioxidative defense system to cope with Cd toxicity. In this study, we showed that after one day of Cd exposure, hydroponically grown rice plants exhibited adverse shoot biomass and leaf growth effects. Cadmium accumulates especially in the roots and the leaf meristematic region, leading to a disturbance of manganese homeostasis in both the roots and leaves. The leaf growth zone showed an increased amount of lipid peroxidation indicating that Cd exposure disturbed the oxidative balance. We propose that an increased expression of genes related to the glutathione metabolism such as glutathione synthetase 2, glutathione reductase and phytochelatin synthase 2, rather than genes encoding for antioxidant enzymes, is important in combating early Cd toxicity within the leaves of rice plants. Furthermore, the upregulation of two RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG genes together with a Cd concentration-dependent increase of abscisic acid might cause stomatal closure or cell wall modification, potentially leading to the observed leaf growth reduction. Whereas abscisic acid was also elevated at long term exposure, a decrease of the growth hormone auxin might further contribute to growth inhibition and concomitantly, an increase in salicylic acid might stimulate the activity of antioxidative enzymes after a longer period of Cd exposure. In conclusion, a clear interplay between phytohormones and the oxidative challenge affect plant growth and acclimation during exposure to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Saha I, Hasanuzzaman M, Adak MK. Abscisic acid priming regulates arsenite toxicity in two contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes through differential functioning of sub1A quantitative trait loci. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117586. [PMID: 34426386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite [As(III)] toxicity causes impeded growth, inadequate productivity of plants and toxicity through the food chain. Using various chemical residues for priming is one of the approaches in conferring arsenic tolerance in crops. We investigated the mechanism of abscisic acid (ABA)-induced As(III) tolerance in rice genotypes (cv. Swarna and Swarna Sub1) pretreated with 10 μM of ABA for 24 h and transferred into 0, 25 and 50 μM arsenic for 10 days. Plants showed a dose-dependent bioaccumulation of As(III), oxidative stress indicators like superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the activity of lipoxygenase. As(III) had disrupted cellular redox that reflecting growth indices like net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, specific leaf weight, leaf mass ratio, relative water content, proline, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and electrolyte leakage. ABA priming was more protective in cv. Swarna Sub1 than Swarna for retrieval of total glutathione pool, non-protein thiols, cysteine, phytochelatin and glutathione reductase. Phosphate metabolisms were significantly curtailed irrespective of genotypes where ABA had moderated phosphate uptake and its metabolizing enzymes like acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and H+/ATPase. Rice seedlings had regulated antioxidative potential with the varied polymorphic expression of those enzymes markedly with antioxidative enzymes. The results have given the possible cellular and physiological traits those may interact with ABA priming in the establishment of plant tolerance with As(III) over accumulation and, thereby, its amelioration for oxidative damages. Finally, cv. Swarna Sub1 was identified as a rice genotype as a candidate for breeding program for sustainability against As(III) stress with cellular and physiological traits serving better for selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Saha
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 74 1235, Nadia, W.B., India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 74 1235, Nadia, W.B., India
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Liang T, Yuan Z, Fu L, Zhu M, Luo X, Xu W, Yuan H, Zhu R, Hu Z, Wu X. Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147674. [PMID: 34299294 PMCID: PMC8304609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. The root system architecture is a highly regulated morphological system, which is sensitive to the availability of nutrients, such as N. Phenotypic characterization of roots from LY9348 (a rice variety with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)) treated with 0.725 mM NH4NO3 (1/4N) was remarkable, especially primary root (PR) elongation, which was the highest. A comprehensive analysis was performed for transcriptome and proteome profiling of LY9348 roots between 1/4N and 2.9 mM NH4NO3 (1N) treatments. The results indicated 3908 differential expression genes (DEGs; 2569 upregulated and 1339 downregulated) and 411 differential abundance proteins (DAPs; 192 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. The unexpected concentration of GS2 from the shoot to the root in the 1/4N treatment indicated that the presence of an alternative pathway of N assimilation regulated by GS2 in LY9348 corresponded to the low N signal, which was supported by GS enzyme activity and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) contents analysis. In addition, N transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, NRT2.4, NAR2.1, AMT1.3, AMT1.2, and putative AMT3.3) and N assimilators (NR2, GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3, NADH-GOGAT2, and AS2) were significantly induced during the long-term N-deficiency response at the transcription level (14 days). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were significantly modulated by N deficiency. Notably, many transcription factors and plant hormones were found to participate in root morphological adaptation. In conclusion, our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rice roots to N-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhengqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wuwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huanran Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-181-8061-4938
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Hassan NM, Nemat Alla MM. Kinetics of inhibition of isoproturon to glutathione-associated enzymes in wheat. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1505-1518. [PMID: 32647464 PMCID: PMC7326839 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Isoproturon, applied to 10-day-old seedlings for the following 12 days, provoked significant reductions in shoot fresh and dry weights, protein, thiols and glutathione (GSH); however, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was elevated while GSH/GSSG ratio was declined with concomitant significant inhibitions in the activities of γ-GCS, GS, GR, GST and GPX; the effect was time dependent. IC50 and Ki values of isoproturon were lowest for GPX, highest for both GST and GR, and moderate for both γ-GCS and GS. The herbicide markedly decreased Vmax of γ-GCS, GS and GPX but unchanged that of GST and GR; however, Km of γ-GCS, GS, GST and GR increased but unchanged for GPX. The pattern of response of changing Vmax, Km, Vmax/Km, kcat and kcat/Km for in vivo and in vitro tests of each enzyme seemed most likely similar. These results indicate that a malfunction to defense system was induced in wheat by isoproturon resulting in inhibitions in GSH-associated enzymes, the magnitude of inhibition was most pronounced in GPX followed by γ-GCS, GS, GST, and GR. These findings could conclude that isoproturon competitively inhibited GST and GR; however, the inhibition was noncompetitive for GPX but mixed for both γ-GCS and GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemat M. Hassan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, PO 34517, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Nemat Alla
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, PO 34517, New Damietta, Egypt
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