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Jeong HJ, Nam BE, Jeong SJ, Lee G, Kim SG, Kim JG. Primary Metabolic Response of Aristolochia contorta to Simulated Specialist Herbivory under Elevated CO 2 Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1456. [PMID: 38891265 PMCID: PMC11174525 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study explores how elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels affects the growth and defense mechanisms of plants. We focused on Aristolochia contorta Bunge (Aristolochiaceae), a wild plant that exhibits growth reduction under elevated CO2 in the previous study. The plant has Sericinus montela Gray (Papilionidae) as a specialist herbivore. By analyzing primary metabolites, understanding both the growth and defense response of plants to herbivory under elevated CO2 conditions is possible. The experiment was conducted across four groups, combining two CO2 concentration conditions (ambient CO2 and elevated CO2) with two herbivory conditions (herbivory treated and untreated). Although many plants exhibit increased growth under elevated CO2 levels, A. contorta exhibited reduced growth with lower height, dry weight, and total leaf area. Under herbivory, A. contorta triggered both localized and systemic responses. More primary metabolites exhibited significant differences due to herbivory treatment in systemic tissue than local leaves that herbivory was directly treated. Herbivory under elevated CO2 level triggered more significant responses in primary metabolites (17 metabolites) than herbivory under ambient CO2 conditions (five metabolites). Several defense-related metabolites exhibited higher concentrations in the roots and lower concentrations in the leaves in response to the herbivory treatment in the elevated CO2 group. This suggests a potential intensification of defensive responses in the underground parts of the plant under elevated CO2 levels. Our findings underscore the importance of considering both abiotic and biotic factors in understanding plant responses to environmental changes. The adaptive strategies of A. contorta suggest a complex response mechanism to elevated CO2 and herbivory pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Jeong
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11187, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Jeong
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Seoul National University Elementary School, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.)
- Center for Education Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Mohammed MA, Amer NM, Abdallah HMI, Saleh MS. A comprehensive tool in recycling plant-waste of Gossypium barbadense L agricultural and industrial waste extracts containing gossypin and gossypol: hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38632634 PMCID: PMC11022478 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Improper management of agricultural and industrial cotton wastes causes environmental pollution and worsens the climate change challenge. Green recycling of cotton could contribute to a circular economy. One of the economic values of cotton wastes lies in their bioactive components. Two types of cotton wastes-agricultural and industrial-of the species Gossypium barbadense L. Giza 95 were targeted in the current study, aiming to maximize their medicinal value and investigate the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities of their phytochemical extracts. Phytochemical extraction was performed using different solvents extraction. An anti-inflammatory effect was tested in carrageenan-induced acute edema in a rat paw model. A carbon tetrachloride chronic model of liver injury was used for the assessment of hepatoprotective potential. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT), oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH), inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein), and histopathological features were investigated. As a result, ethyl acetate proved to be the solvent of best choice to extract the gossypin polyphenolics, where the extracted amount reached 14,826.2 µg/g, followed by butanol (8751.4 µg/g extract). The chloroform (CHCL3) fraction showed the highest amounts of gossypol (190.7 µg/g extract), followed by petroleum ether. Cotton waste's composition analysis showed a wide range of components, including 33 metabolites such as gossypetin, polyphenolics, and other metabolites that possess therapeutic effects. Both chloroform extract and industrial waste extracts showed superior anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in comparison to other extracts. All tested extracts (ethyl acetate, chloroform, and industrial waste) showed proper antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nagat M Amer
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai S Saleh
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Lin JL, Chen L, Wu WK, Guo XX, Yu CH, Xu M, Nie GB, Dun JL, Li Y, Xu B, Wang LJ, Chen XY, Gao W, Huang JQ. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis in cotton secretory glandular cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1990-2003. [PMID: 37849250 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants can synthesize a wide range of terpenoids in response to various environmental cues. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing terpenoid biosynthesis at the cellular level remain largely elusive. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively characterize the transcriptome profile of cotton leaves and established a hierarchical transcriptional network regulating cell-specific terpenoid production. We observed substantial expression levels of genes associated with the biosynthesis of both volatile terpenes (such as β-caryophyllene and β-myrcene) and non-volatile gossypol-type terpenoids in secretory glandular cells. Moreover, two novel transcription factors, namely GoHSFA4a and GoNAC42, are identified to function downstream of the Gossypium PIGMENT GLAND FORMATION genes. Both transcription factors could directly regulate the expression of terpenoid biosynthetic genes in secretory glandular cells in response to developmental and environmental stimuli. For convenient retrieval of the single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in this study, we developed a user-friendly web server . Our findings not only offer valuable insights into the precise regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in cotton leaves but also provide potential targets for cotton breeding endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gui-Bin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Ling Dun
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baofu Xu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Wei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan 475004, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Prakash S, Kumar M, Kumar S, Jaconis S, Parameswari E, Sharma K, Dhumal S, Senapathy M, Deshmukh VP, Dey A, Lorenzo JM, Sheri V, Zhang B. The resilient cotton plant: uncovering the effects of stresses on secondary metabolomics and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:183. [PMID: 37233833 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important fiber crop cultivated around the world under diverse climate conditions and generates billions of dollars in annual revenue globally. Biotic and abiotic stresses have caused reduction in yield and productivity of cotton crops. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed and summarized the effect of biotic and abiotic stress on secondary metabolite production in cotton. The development of cotton varieties with improved tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress can play an important role in sustainable cotton production. Under stress conditions, plants develop a variety of defense mechanisms such as initiating signaling functions to upregulate defense responsive genes and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Understanding the impact of stress on secondary metabolite production in cotton is crucial for developing strategies to alleviate the negative effects of stress on crop yield and quality. Further, the potential industrial applications of these secondary metabolites in cotton, such as gossypol, could provide new opportunities for sustainable cotton production and the development of value-added products. Additionally, transgenic and genome-edited cotton cultivars can be developed to provide tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stress in cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Prakash
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, 250110, India
| | - Susan Jaconis
- Agricultural & Environmental Research Department, Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - E Parameswari
- Nammazhvar Organic Farming Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641 003, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Vishal P Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de La Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ouren-se, Spain
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA.
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5
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Lin JL, Fang X, Li JX, Chen ZW, Wu WK, Guo XX, Liu NJ, Huang JF, Chen FY, Wang LJ, Xu B, Martin C, Chen XY, Huang JQ. Dirigent gene editing of gossypol enantiomers for toxicity-depleted cotton seeds. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:605-615. [PMID: 36928775 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Axial chirality of biaryls can generate varied bioactivities. Gossypol is a binaphthyl compound made by cotton plants. Of its two axially chiral isomers, (-)-gossypol is the bioactive form in mammals and has antispermatogenic activity, and its accumulation in cotton seeds poses health concerns. Here we identified two extracellular dirigent proteins (DIRs) from Gossypium hirsutum, GhDIR5 and GhDIR6, which impart the hemigossypol oxidative coupling into (-)- and (+)-gossypol, respectively. To reduce cotton seed toxicity, we disrupted GhDIR5 by genome editing, which eliminated (-)-gossypol but had no effects on other phytoalexins, including (+)-gossypol, that provide pest resistance. Reciprocal mutagenesis identified three residues responsible for enantioselectivity. The (-)-gossypol-forming DIRs emerged later than their enantiocomplementary counterparts, from tandem gene duplications that occurred shortly after the cotton genus diverged. Our study offers insight into how plants control enantiomeric ratios and how to selectively modify the chemical spectra of cotton plants and thereby improve crop quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wen-Kai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Fa Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofu Xu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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NMR-Based Metabolomics: A New Paradigm to Unravel Defense-Related Metabolites in Insect-Resistant Cotton Variety through Different Multivariate Data Analysis Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041763. [PMID: 36838756 PMCID: PMC9966674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an economically important crop and is widely cultivated around the globe. However, the major problem of cotton is its high vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been around three decades since the cotton plant was genetically engineered with genes encoding insecticidal proteins (mainly Cry proteins) with an aim to protect it against insect attack. Several studies have been reported on the impact of these genes on cotton production and fiber quality. However, the metabolites responsible for conferring resistance in genetically modified cotton need to be explored. The current work aims to unveil the key metabolites responsible for insect resistance in Bt cotton and also compare the conventional multivariate analysis methods with deep learning approaches to perform clustering analysis. We aim to unveil the marker compounds which are responsible for inducing insect resistance in cotton plants. For this purpose, we employed 1H-NMR spectroscopy to perform metabolite profiling of Bt and non-Bt cotton varieties, and a total of 42 different metabolites were identified in cotton plants. In cluster analysis, deep learning approaches (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and neural networks) showed better separation among cotton varieties compared to conventional methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLSDA)). The key metabolites responsible for inter-class separation were terpinolene, α-ketoglutaric acid, aspartic acid, stigmasterol, fructose, maltose, arabinose, xylulose, cinnamic acid, malic acid, valine, nonanoic acid, citrulline, and shikimic acid. The metabolites which regulated differently with the level of significance p < 0.001 amongst different cotton varieties belonged to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), Shikimic acid, and phenylpropanoid pathways. Our analyses underscore a biosignature of metabolites that might involve in inducing insect resistance in Bt cotton. Moreover, novel evidence from our study could be used in the metabolic engineering of these biological pathways to improve the resilience of Bt cotton against insect/pest attacks. Lastly, our findings are also in complete support of employing deep machine learning algorithms as a useful tool in metabolomics studies.
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Restrepo-Montoya D, Hulse-Kemp AM, Scheffler JA, Haigler CH, Hinze LL, Love J, Percy RG, Jones DC, Frelichowski J. Leveraging National Germplasm Collections to Determine Significantly Associated Categorical Traits in Crops: Upland and Pima Cotton as a Case Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837038. [PMID: 35557715 PMCID: PMC9087864 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Observable qualitative traits are relatively stable across environments and are commonly used to evaluate crop genetic diversity. Recently, molecular markers have largely superseded describing phenotypes in diversity surveys. However, qualitative descriptors are useful in cataloging germplasm collections and for describing new germplasm in patents, publications, and/or the Plant Variety Protection (PVP) system. This research focused on the comparative analysis of standardized cotton traits as represented within the National Cotton Germplasm Collection (NCGC). The cotton traits are named by 'descriptors' that have non-numerical sub-categories (descriptor states) reflecting the details of how each trait manifests or is absent in the plant. We statistically assessed selected accessions from three major groups of Gossypium as defined by the NCGC curator: (1) "Stoneville accessions (SA)," containing mainly Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars; (2) "Texas accessions (TEX)," containing mainly G. hirsutum landraces; and (3) Gossypium barbadense (Gb), containing cultivars or landraces of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense). For 33 cotton descriptors we: (a) revealed distributions of character states for each descriptor within each group; (b) analyzed bivariate associations between paired descriptors; and (c) clustered accessions based on their descriptors. The fewest significant associations between descriptors occurred in the SA dataset, likely reflecting extensive breeding for cultivar development. In contrast, the TEX and Gb datasets showed a higher number of significant associations between descriptors, likely correlating with less impact from breeding efforts. Three significant bivariate associations were identified for all three groups, bract nectaries:boll nectaries, leaf hair:stem hair, and lint color:seed fuzz color. Unsupervised clustering analysis recapitulated the species labels for about 97% of the accessions. Unexpected clustering results indicated accessions that may benefit from potential further investigation. In the future, the significant associations between standardized descriptors can be used by curators to determine whether new exotic/unusual accessions most closely resemble Upland or Pima cotton. In addition, the study shows how existing descriptors for large germplasm datasets can be useful to inform downstream goals in breeding and research, such as identifying rare individuals with specific trait combinations and targeting breakdown of remaining trait associations through breeding, thus demonstrating the utility of the analytical methods employed in categorizing germplasm diversity within the collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Restrepo-Montoya
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jodi A. Scheffler
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Candace H. Haigler
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lori L. Hinze
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Janna Love
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Richard G. Percy
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - James Frelichowski
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
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Anti-Candida Properties of Gossypium hirsutum L.: Enhancement of Fungal Growth, Biofilm Production and Antifungal Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040698. [PMID: 35456532 PMCID: PMC9031239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Candida is a genus of yeasts with notable pathogenicity and significant ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. Gossypium hirsutum L., a medicinal plant that is traditionally used due to its antimicrobial properties, has demonstrated significant antifungal activity. Therefore, this study investigated the chemical composition and anti-Candida effects of aqueous (AELG) and hydroethanolic (HELG) extracts obtained from the leaves of this plant. (2) Methods: The extracts were chemically characterized by UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS, and their anti-Candida activities were investigated by analyzing cell viability, biofilm production, morphological transition, and enhancement of antifungal resistance. (3) Results: The UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of twenty-one compounds in both AELG and HELG, highlighting the predominance of flavonoids. The combination of the extracts with fluconazole significantly reduced its IC50 values against Candida albicans INCQS 40006, Candida tropicalis INCQS 40042, and C. tropicalis URM 4262 strains, indicating enhanced antifungal activity. About biofilm production, significant inhibition was observed only for the AELG-treated C. tropicalis URM 4262 strain in comparison with the untreated control. Accordingly, this extract showed more significant inhibitory effects on the morphological transition of the INCQS 40006 and URM 4387 strains of C. albicans (4) Conclusions: Gossypium hirsutum L. presents promising antifungal effects, that may be potentially linked to the combined activity of chemical constituents identified in its extracts.
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Park SH, Pauli CS, Gostin EL, Staples SK, Seifried D, Kinney C, Vanden Heuvel BD. Effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). J Cannabis Res 2022; 4:1. [PMID: 34980266 PMCID: PMC8725245 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cannabis sativa L. produces at least 120 cannabinoids. Although genetic variation is the main factor in cannabinoid production, the effects of short-term environmental stresses in the early flowering stage remains largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers, a hemp variety, Green-Thunder (5-8% CBD/mg of dry weight), was treated with mechanical damage, insect herbivory, extreme heat, or drought stress for 5-7 days during the first 2 weeks of flowering. Three hemp tissues, including flowers, leaves, and stems, were collected from hemp grown under these stress conditions at multiple time points during the first 2 weeks after transition to the short photoperiod and analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography to quantify phytocannabinoids including cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabinol (CBN). RESULTS The 5 days of mechanical wounding did not affect the production of any of the cannabinoids during the initial stage of flowering. However, after 5 days of herbivore treatment, there was a significant difference in concentration between day 1 and day 6 of CBGA (control: 308 μg/g; treatment - 24 μg/g), CBG (control: 69 μg/g; treatment: 52 μg/g), and CBD (control: 755 μg/g; treatment: 194 μg/g) between the control and treatment plants. The 7 days of heat treatment at 45-50 oC significantly reduced the production of CBGA during this observed window (control: 206 μg/g; treatment: 182 μg/g) and CBG (control: 21 μg/g; treatment: - 112 μg/g). Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 μg/g; treatment: 622 μg/g), and a significant decrease (70-80%) in CBD (control: 1182 μg/g; treatment: 297 μg/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 μg/g; treatment: 580 μg/g). CONCLUSIONS Although this observation is limited in the early flowering stage, the common field stresses are adequate to induce changes in the cannabinoid profiles, particularly drought stress being the most impactful stress for hemp flower initiation with the altering the cannabinoid production by decreasing CBD and THC accumulation while increasing CBG by 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuck Park
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA.
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA.
| | - Christopher S Pauli
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
| | - Eric L Gostin
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
| | - S Kyle Staples
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
| | - Dustin Seifried
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
| | - Chad Kinney
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
| | - Brian D Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA
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10
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Vázquez-Barrios V, Boege K, Sosa-Fuentes TG, Rojas P, Wegier A. Ongoing ecological and evolutionary consequences by the presence of transgenes in a wild cotton population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1959. [PMID: 33479296 PMCID: PMC7820435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After 25 years of genetically modified cotton cultivation in Mexico, gene flow between transgenic individuals and their wild relatives represents an opportunity for analysing the impacts of the presence of novel genes in ecological and evolutionary processes in natural conditions. We show comprehensive empirical evidence on the physiological, metabolic, and ecological effects of transgene introgression in wild cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. We report that the expression of both the cry and cp4-epsps genes in wild cotton under natural conditions altered extrafloral nectar inducibility and thus, its association with different ant species: the dominance of the defensive species Camponotus planatus in Bt plants, the presence of cp4-epsps without defence role of Monomorium ebeninum ants, and of the invasive species Paratrechina longicornis in wild plants without transgenes. Moreover, we found an increase in herbivore damage to cp4-epsps plants. Our results reveal the influence of transgene expression on native ecological interactions. These findings can be useful in the design of risk assessment methodologies for genetically modified organisms and the in situ conservation of G. hirsutum metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vázquez-Barrios
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Boege
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania Gabriela Sosa-Fuentes
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Rojas
- grid.452507.10000 0004 1798 0367Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Jain P, Satapathy T, Pandey RK. Rhipicephalus microplus (acari: Ixodidae): Clinical safety and potential control by topical application of cottonseed oil (Gossypium sp.) on cattle. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108017. [PMID: 33039477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine the acaricidal activity of the cottonseed oil (CSO) against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. CSO was analyzed using Gas Chromatograph with high-resolution Mass Spectrometer (GC-HRMS) to identify the presence of active compounds. In vitro bioassays were performed using larval packet test (LPT) and adult immersion test (AIT) by taking different concentrations of CSO (i.e. 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%). In vivo acaricidal activity of CSO was evaluated by its topical application on red Sahiwal calves for 144 h. Clinical safety of CSO was evaluated by performing skin irritancy test and examination of hematological profile of calves'. GC-HRMS analysis of CSO revealed the presence of many fatty acids including oleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and other components. Results exhibited that all the concentrations of CSO were effective in reducing the number of ticks and their growth. However, CSO at concentrations of 10% (CSO7) and 12.5% (CSO8) exhibited 100% mortality of R. microplus larvae and adults in LPT and AIT, respectively. In vivo acaricidal assay revealed that CSO7 and CSO8 shown 85% and 89% inhibition of ticks, respectively on calves after 144 h as compared to the control group. CSO was clinically safe on calves' skin with mild erythema up to 20 min. Hematological profile of calves revealed no sign of toxicity after treatment with CSO. Thus, CSO can be used as an alternative and safe drug therapy against R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493111, India
| | - Trilochan Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493111, India.
| | - Ravindra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493111, India
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12
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Kim JH, Lagojda A, Kuehne D, Tshitenge DT, Chaudhuri S, Walker DP, Head G. Determination of Cotton as a Larval Feeding Source for Lepidopteran Moths Using a Derivative from Cotton Metabolites as a Marker by LC-MS/MS Method. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:956-966. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Guérard F, Hodges M, Jossier M. Phosphomimetic T335D Mutation of Hydroxypyruvate Reductase 1 Modifies Cofactor Specificity and Impacts Arabidopsis Growth in Air. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:194-205. [PMID: 32156771 PMCID: PMC7210656 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms triggered by the oxygenase activity of Rubisco. In peroxisomes, photorespiratory HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE1 (HPR1) catalyzes the conversion of hydroxypyruvate to glycerate together with the oxidation of a pyridine nucleotide cofactor. HPR1 regulation remains poorly understood; however, HPR1 phosphorylation at T335 has been reported. By comparing the kinetic properties of phosphomimetic (T335D), nonphosphorylatable (T335A), and wild-type recombinant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HPR1, it was found that HPR1-T335D exhibits reduced NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase activity while showing improved NADPH-dependent activity. Complementation of the Arabidopsis hpr1-1 mutant by either wild-type HPR1 or HPR1-T335A fully complemented the photorespiratory growth phenotype of hpr1-1 in ambient air, whereas HPR1-T335D-containing hpr1-1 plants remained smaller and had lower photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates. Metabolite analyses indicated that these phenotypes were associated with subtle perturbations in the photorespiratory cycle of HPR1-T335D-complemented hpr1-1 rosettes compared to all other HPR1-containing lines. Therefore, T335 phosphorylation may play a role in the regulation of HPR1 activity in planta, although it was not required for growth under ambient air controlled conditions. Furthermore, improved NADP-dependent HPR1 activities in peroxisomes could not compensate for the reduced NADH-dependent HPR1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Liu
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Florence Guérard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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