1
|
Upasen R, Saengpanya W, Awae W, Prasitvej P. The influence of resilience and social support on mental health of older adults living in community: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:397. [PMID: 39020436 PMCID: PMC11256576 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is an important fundamental element of health that influences different dimensions of an older individual's life. There are various factors that affect the mental health of older adults, such as resilience and social support. However, the relationship between various factors and mental health is unclear. Purposes of the study were to investigates whether resilience and social support affect the mental health of older adults and to analyze the structural equation model of mental health among the older adults with resilience as a mediating variable. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 964 older adults by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected using the following questionnaires: Thai Elderly Resilience Scale, Social Support Scale, and Thai Geriatric Mental Health Assessment. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and Path analysis. RESULTS The older adults had a high level of resilience, social support, and mental health (MH). The best model we obtained demonstrated that social support and resilience had directly statistically significant influences the MH. Social support also had statistically significant indirect effect via resilience to the MH. CONCLUSION Understanding the factors that influence mental health of older adults can be beneficial for health professionals to provide appropriate social support and resilience, including helping the older adult can join with others, be confident in life, have necessities, live with spiritual security, and be able to de-stress and management problems were recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneekorn Upasen
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Borommaratchachonnanisrisataphat Building, the 11th floor, Rama I road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Weeraphol Saengpanya
- Faculty of Education, Division of Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Research and Psychology, Thinking, Disposition, and Mental Health - Research Unit (TDMH-RU), Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road, Pramingkwaun Building, Floor 7, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanida Awae
- Faculty of Nursing, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat Province, 99 moo 8, Khok-Kian Sub-district, Mueang District, 96000, Thailand
| | - Preedanan Prasitvej
- Prachomklao College of Nursing, Phetchaburi Province, 203 M.2, Thongchai Subdistrict, Mueang District, Phetchaburi Province, 76000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosendahl J, Ebmeyer K, Strauß B, Engert V. [New Normative Values for the German Short Version of the Resilience Scale (RS-13)]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38996427 DOI: 10.1055/a-2333-5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a representative survey conducted in Germany, normative values for the German short version of the RS-13 resilience scale were updated and compared with the data from a previous representative survey conducted in 2001. METHODS In a representative study conducted by the social science research institute USUMA GmbH in 2021, people aged 16 to 95 years (N=2,505) were randomly selected and interviewed by telephone. Data were compared to representative data collected in 2001 (N=2,045), and the influence of demographic variables on resilience was examined. RESULTS The internal consistency of the RS-13 was α=0.92. Current norm data of the RS-13, differentiated by gender and age, were generated. Access to these data is provided by an online tool, which can be used for the norm-oriented interpretation of individual resilience values (http://rs13.shinyapps.io/RS13). In the current 2021 sample, the mean resilience score was significantly higher than in 2001 (d=0.28, 95% CI [0.22-0.34]). Age was significantly negatively associated with resilience, education and net household income showed a significant negative correlation. DISCUSSION The RS-13 has good psychometric properties. Providing updated normative values of the RS-13 is justified due to the significantly higher scores in 2021 compared to 2001. The updated normative values allow for the comparison of future data with those of the German general population. In addition, the online tool can be used for the norm-oriented interpretation of individual resilience scores as part of diagnostic procedures. CONCLUSION The RS-13 is a reliable, valid and economical instrument for assessing resilience in its theoretical understanding of a stable personality trait. Future studies investigating resilience should consider age, education and income as relevant influencing variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Rosendahl
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| | - Karolin Ebmeyer
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| | - Bernhard Strauß
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| | - Veronika Engert
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montejo L, Retuerto M, Solé B, Martín S, Ruiz A, Clougher D, Bort M, Sánchez-Moreno J, Martínez-Arán A, Vieta E, Torrent C. Facing Life in Old Age: Exploring Resilience in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3942. [PMID: 38999507 PMCID: PMC11242266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) are individuals aged 50 years and older with bipolar disorder (BD). People with BD may have fewer coping strategies or resilience. A long duration of the disease, as seen in this population, could affect the development of resilience strategies, but this remains under-researched. Therefore, this study aims to assess resilience levels within the OABD population and explore associated factors, hypothesizing that resilience could improve psychosocial functioning, wellbeing and quality of life of these patients. Methods: This study sampled 33 OABD patients from the cohort at the Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. It was an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical variables as well as psychosocial functioning, resilience and cognitive reserve were analyzed. Resilience was measured using the CD-RISC-10. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The average CD-RISC-10 score was 25.67 points (SD 7.87). Resilience negatively correlated with the total number of episodes (p = 0.034), depressive episodes (p = 0.001), and the FAST (p < 0.001). Participants with normal resilience had a lower psychosocial functioning (p = 0.046), a higher cognitive reserve (p = 0.026), and earlier onset (p = 0.037) compared to those with low resilience. Conclusions: OABD individuals may have lower resilience levels which correlate with more psychiatric episodes, especially depressive episodes and worse psychosocial functioning and cognitive reserve. Better understanding and characterization of resilience could help in early identification of patients requiring additional support to foster resilience and enhance OABD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montejo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Retuerto
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brisa Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martín
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ruiz
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek Clougher
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bort
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Sánchez-Moreno
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro). c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mecha P, Rodriguez-Morales M, Sanchez-Lopez A. Components of hot and cold executive functions and their relations to different forms of stress resilience: A systematic review. Stress Health 2024:e3439. [PMID: 38943558 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points out that Executive Functions (i.e., EFs) may be core mechanisms for the generation of resilient responses to adversity. A systematic review testing the relations between either affective (hot) and/or non-affective (cold) EFs (i.e., inhibition, flexibility and working memory updating) and resilience was conducted. A total of 449 articles were initially identified. After two steps of title-and-abstract (k = 449), and full-text reading filtering (k = 67), 11 studies were reviewed. Three studies included cold measures of working memory and supported significant positive relations between higher working memory functioning and higher trait resilience levels. One study included cold measures of inhibition and another one both hot and cold measures, with only the first one supporting a positive relation between more efficient inhibition and higher trait resilience levels. Finally, 7 studies measured flexibility in its cold and/or hot dimensions and overall supported significant relations between higher flexibility and higher levels of trait, process and outcome resilience measures. These results support the role of EFs performance to promote different forms of resilience. This review allows to identify different issues that need to be addressed in future research and highlight the need to integrate the analysis of all hot and cold EFs components to understand their role in the generation of resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mecha
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Morales
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bitar Z, Fekih-Romdhane F, Mahfoud D, Fawaz M, Hallit S, Obeid S. The mediating effect of post-traumatic growth on the relationship between personality traits and resilience among a sample of Lebanese adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298043. [PMID: 38758926 PMCID: PMC11101076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience plays a crucial role in mental health promotion and prevention, and was shown to be more represented in individuals who exhibit high levels of extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. However, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively investigate the association between personality traits and resilience in Lebanon and Arab countries more broadly. The purpose of the present study was to complement the literature by investigating the direct and indirect effects between the five personality traits and resilience among a sample of Lebanese adults through the intermediary role of posttraumatic growth. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was carried out between May and July 2022, and enrolled 387 participants, all aged above 18 years old and recruited from all Lebanon governorates. The questionnaire used included socio-demographic questions, and the following scales: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) to assess resilience, post traumatic growth (PTG), and Big Five Inventory (BFI-2). The SPSS software v.25 was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Post-traumatic growth mediated the association between extraversion / agreeableness / conscientiousness and resilience. Higher extraversion / agreeableness / conscientiousness was significantly associated with more post-traumatic growth. Higher post-traumatic growth was significantly associated with more resilience. Extraversion, but not agreeableness and conscientiousness, was significantly and directly associated with more resilience. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that fostering PTG in individuals who experience adversity can help promote their resilience. Hence, it could be beneficial to design and apply programs aiming at supporting PTG among people who experience stressful and traumatizing situations, to consequently help them increase their sense of resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bitar
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, UMR_S 1085, F-35000, France
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Daniella Mahfoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye N’ Brain Research Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mirna Fawaz
- College of Health Sciences, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Du Q, Fan H, Wang Y. The impact of square dancing on psychological well-being and life satisfaction among aging women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10405. [PMID: 38710809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most popular sport among middle-aged and elderly women in China, square dancing has both physical and psychological benefits for menopausal women. Previous studies have shown that square dance exercises can promote the physical health of older women, but there is a lack of research on the influence of middle-aged and elderly women on mental health and mediating variables. Therefore, this study starts with one of the important indicators of mental health-positive affects, aiming to explore the impact of square dance on the positive emotions of elderly women and further explore the mediating mechanisms involved. We send out The Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale to a total of 2311 middle-aged and elderly women. SPSS 23 software and PROCESS were used to perform regression analysis and establish mediation models. Modeling results show square dance exercises could positively predict positive affect through the chain mediating effect of psychological resilience and life satisfaction. The results of this study are of great significance for promoting the extensive participation of middle-aged and elderly women in sports and protecting their mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qinjin Du
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fastame MC, Manca C, Mulas I, Ruiu M. Psychosocial correlates of flourishing in the late lifespan. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:68. [PMID: 38480617 PMCID: PMC10937776 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flourishing is a primary dimension of psychological well-being that contributes massively to the development of an active, purposeful, and respectful life, full of meaning, values, and personal interests that nurture social ties. AIMS This study primarily intended to examine the contribution of satisfaction with family relations, resilience, metacognitive efficiency, and crystallized intelligence in predicting a flourishing measure in cognitively healthy older adults. Moreover, the impact of gender was investigated on flourishing, satisfaction with family ties, resilience, and metacognitive efficiency. METHODS One hundred and eighty 65-94-year-old community dwellers were recruited in Sardinia (Italy). Participants self-rated their flourishing, satisfaction with their family connections, psychological hardness (i.e., a dimension of resilience), and cognitive function, whereas global cognitive efficiency and vocabulary were assessed through two internationally validated objective tests. RESULTS A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 30% of the variance in the flourishing condition was explained by satisfaction with family ties, resilience, and metacognitive efficiency. In addition, males exhibited higher flourishing and satisfaction with family ties than females, and the former group also reported being more autonomous and acting proactively to influence its destiny. CONCLUSION Emotional support and rewarding relations with family members, the ability to face stressful events, and a good perception of one's cognitive efficiency play a crucial role in promoting flourishing in late adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Cristina Manca
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mulas
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marilena Ruiu
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iždonaitė-Medžiūnienė I, Preikšaitienė L. Disposition of improving quality of life in older adults: the case of Lithuania. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:26. [PMID: 38321230 PMCID: PMC10847182 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life is a phenomenon that recently required lots of concern, especially for older adults, since healthy aging and longevity have become the focus in life. Most research on the quality of life addresses certain issues of older people having special diseases, health problems, and disorders. Our research is based on holistic quality of life empowering multiple areas of life/domains of older adults without addressing their diseases or health disorders. AIM Our research aims at evaluating the quality of life of the research participants (older people), addressing their problematic areas and suggestions for better quality of life. METHODS The conducted research implied mixed methods as quantitative survey and reflection based on interviews. We chose participants from the III age university and the ongoing project "Healthy Aging Program". RESULTS The research results showed the lowest ratings for emotional and physical health and the highest rating for social health. Also, older adults tend to avoid specifying precise measures to improve their quality of life and demonstrate a more conservative stance regarding the implementation of more radical changes in improving water consumption, exercising, meal planning, and enhancing psychosocial well-being. CONCLUSIONS The overall quality of life rating was lower than the average. Older adults are not sufficiently prepared or educated to make significant changes to develop healthier habits in their quality-of-life improvement, though, they demonstrate concern about their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Preikšaitienė
- SMK University of Applied Sciences, Liepų g. 83B, 92195, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernández-Rocha ML, García-Izquierdo M, Ríos-Rísquez MI. Psychological Resilience and Suicide Attempt in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Study. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:44-51. [PMID: 34715743 DOI: 10.1177/10783903211050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have a suicide risk of up to 30 times higher than the general population. There is increasing interest in analyzing the effects of resilience in psychiatric diseases and its relationship to other factors such as suicide risk. AIM The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychological resilience and suicide attempts, along with other relevant clinical and sociodemographic variables in euthymic patients with BPAD. METHODS Eighty six outpatients, more than 18 years old, mostly men (60.5%) with BPAD type 1, 2, mixed, and unspecified, in euthymic phase receiving antidepressant and/or euthimizing treatment, participated in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed by means of a questionnaire and psychological resilience by means of Connor-Davidson's 10-item Resilience Scale. RESULTS Patients with previous autolytic attempts scored significantly lower in resilience than those who had not attempted suicide (T = 3.30; p ≤ .001; 20.61 ± 6.58 vs. 26.52 ± 7.29). Patients diagnosed with BPAD scored significantly lower than other samples of university participants, workers, and the unemployed. The number of depressive episodes experienced was negatively and significantly associated with resilience scores (r = -.28; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with BPAD who had made autolytic attempts had lower resilience scores than those who had not made them and lower scores than other general nonpsychiatric samples. The promotion of resilience in patients diagnosed with BPAD would facilitate a more adaptive and positive coping with the disease and their recovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Isabel Ríos-Rísquez
- María Isabel Ríos-Rísquez, PhD, University Hospital José María Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain; University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simmons A, Ferry M, Christopher M. Relative Impact of Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Resilience on Mental Health Outcomes in Racially Minoritized Adults. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231213646. [PMID: 37970811 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231213646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Racially minoritized adults lack equal representation in research and experience disparities in healthcare. Little is known about which trait-level factors may help mitigate negative and promote positive psychological health among adults from these communities. The aim of this study was to assess the differential impact of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience in predicting depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction in a sample of racially minoritized adults. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 169 participants (37.3% female and 62.7% male) between the ages of 18 and 64 (M = 37.05; SD = 11.94). Separate hierarchical multiple regression models examined the relative influence of mindfulness facets (acting with awareness (AA); nonjudging of inner experience (NJ), and nonreactivity of inner experience (NR)), self-compassion, and resilience in predicting depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction. Self-compassion, resilience, AA, and NR predicted depression; self-compassion, resilience, and NR predicted anxiety; self-compassion, resilience, and NR predicted stress; and self-compassion predicted satisfaction with life. Self-compassion, resilience, AA, NJ, and NR differentially predicted depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction; however, only self-compassion consistently predicted all outcomes. Future research may incorporate an intersectional methodology and account for differences among different racially minoritized groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akeesha Simmons
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Marissa Ferry
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geigl C, Loss J, Leitzmann M, Janssen C. Social factors of health-related quality of life in older adults: a multivariable analysis. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3257-3268. [PMID: 37458960 PMCID: PMC10522508 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the analysis was to examine the relationships between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors and both physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults. METHODS The analysis was based on recent cross-sectional data of 1687 community residents from a whole population postal survey of German adults aged 65 years and older (33% response rate, 52% female, mean age 76 years). HRQOL was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36v2). For a differentiated analysis, hierarchical multiple linear regressions were performed. RESULTS An internal health locus of control, physical activity, social support, and income were positively associated with physical HRQOL (Adj. R2 = 0.34; p < 0.001) and mental HRQOL (Adj. R2 = 0.18; p < 0.001), whereas an external health locus of control and age were negatively associated with both. Alcohol use and educational level were positively associated only with physical HRQOL, whilst female gender was negatively associated only with mental HRQOL. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors were associated with physical and mental HRQOL. These results highlight the importance of social factors in HRQOL and provide approaches for policy and practice to develop and implement tailored health interventions for older adults. Our findings may be transferable to municipalities in metropolitan areas of high-income European countries. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Geigl
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 81243, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julika Loss
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Janssen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 81243, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potura E, Klemm V, Roesner H, Sitter B, Huscsava H, Trifunovic-Koenig M, Voitl P, Strametz R. Second Victims among Austrian Pediatricians (SeViD-A1 Study). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2501. [PMID: 37761698 PMCID: PMC10531173 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The second victim phenomenon (SVP) plays a critical role in workplace and patient safety. So far, there are limited epidemiological data on the SVP in German-speaking countries. Some studies have been carried out in Germany, but so far, no quantitative studies have been carried out in Austria examining the prevalence, symptom load and preferred support measures for second victims (SVs). This study therefore examines the SVP among Austrian pediatricians. (2) Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional and anonymous online study was conducted using the SeViD questionnaire (Second Victims in Deutschland) including the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Statistical analysis included binary-logistic and multiple linear regression with the bootstrapping, bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) method based on 1000 bootstrap samples. (3) Results: Of 414 Austrian pediatricians, 89% self-identified as SVs. The main cause of becoming an SV was the unexpected death or suicide of a patient. High neuroticism and extraversion values as well as working in outpatient care positively correlated with having experienced the SVP. A preferred support strategy was access to legal counseling. (4) Conclusions: Austrian pediatricians have the highest SVP prevalence measured with the SeViD questionnaire. Further research should focus on prevention strategies and intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Potura
- The Second Victim Association Austria, 11900 Vienna, Austria; (E.P.)
| | - Victoria Klemm
- Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hannah Roesner
- Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitter
- The Second Victim Association Austria, 11900 Vienna, Austria; (E.P.)
| | - Herbert Huscsava
- The Second Victim Association Austria, 11900 Vienna, Austria; (E.P.)
| | | | - Peter Voitl
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Strametz
- Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP), Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Emirza S, Yılmaz Kozcu G. Protecting healthcare workers' mental health against COVID-19-related stress: The effects of stress mindset and psychological resilience. Nurs Health Sci 2023. [PMID: 37098413 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers have been on the frontline of the battle against COVID-19 disease. However, this has taken a toll on them, resulting in elevated stress and poor mental health. We argue that healthcare workers' stress mindset and resilience could mitigate negative outcomes of COVID-19-related stress by helping them view this stressful situation in a more positive light and appraise it as a challenge rather than a threat. Accordingly, we hypothesized that both a stress-is-enhancing mindset about COVID-19-related stress and resilience would improve healthcare workers' appraisal of their personal resources and increase their challenge appraisals, positively contributing to their mental health. We collected data from 160 healthcare workers and performed structural equation modeling for hypothesis testing. The results indicate that both a stress-is-enhancing mindset about COVID-19-related stress and psychological resilience are indirectly related to better mental well-being and lower health-related anxiety through challenge appraisals. This study contributes to research in mental health by suggesting that protecting and promoting healthcare workers' mental health is possible by empowering them through increasing personal resources such as a positive mindset about stressful situations and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Emirza
- Department of Business Administration, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yılmaz Kozcu
- Department of Business Administration, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao W, Liu X, Wang H, Huang Y, Dai Z, Si M, Fu J, Chen X, Jia M, Leng Z, Cui D, Mak WWS, Dong L, Su X. Mediating role of resilience in the relationship between COVID-19 related stigma and mental health among COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 36978095 PMCID: PMC10043530 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused many negative effects on physical and mental health of patients who have survived COVID-19. Apart from some long-lasting physical sequelae, those COVID-19 survivors are also suffering stigma and discrimination at different levels around the world. The current study aims to assess the role resilience played in stigma and mental disorders among COVID-19 survivors. METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out among former COVID-19 patients in Jianghan District (Wuhan, China) from June 10 to July 25, 2021. The demographic questions, the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Resilience Style Questionnaire and the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale of 12 items were used to collect relevant information of the participants. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to make data description and analysis. RESULTS A total of 1541 out of 1601 COVID-19 survivors (887 females and 654 males) were included in the analysis. Perceived stigma of those COVID-19 survivors correlates significantly with anxiety (r = 0.335, P < 0.001), depression (r = 0.325, P < 0.001) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (r = 0.384, P < 0.001). It has a direct effect on COVID-19 survivors' anxiety (β = 0.326, P < 0.001), depression (β = 0.314, P < 0.001), PTSD (β = 0.385, P < 0.001) and their resilience (β = - 0.114, P < 0.01). Resilience partially mediated the association between perceived stigma and anxiety (β = 0.020, P < 0.01), depression (β = 0.020, P < 0.01), and PTSD (β = 0.014, P < 0.01) among COVID-19 survivors. CONCLUSION Stigma has a significant negative impact on mental health, while resilience plays a mediator role in the relationship between stigma and mental health among COVID-19 survivors. Based on our study, we suggested that when designing psychological interventions for COVID-19 survivors, consideration should be taken into account to reduce stigma and improve resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Diversity and Well-Being Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Blanke ES, Schmiedek F, Siebert S, Richter D, Brose A. Perspectives on resilience: Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and longer-term change in affective distress. Stress Health 2023; 39:59-73. [PMID: 35603817 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resilience describes successful adaptation in the face of adversity, commonly inferred from trajectories of well-being following major life events. Alternatively, resilience was conceptualised as a psychological trait, facilitating adaptation through stable individual characteristics. Both perspectives may relate to individual differences in how stress is regulated in daily life. In the present study, we combined these perspectives on resilience. Our sample consisted of N = 132 middle-aged adults, who experienced major life events in between two waves of a longitudinal study. We implemented latent change regression models to predict change in affective distress. As predictors, we investigated trait resilience and correlates of resilience in daily life (stressor occurrence, stress reactivity, positive reappraisal, mindful attention, and acceptance), measured using experience sampling (T = 70 occasions). Unexpectedly, trait resilience was not associated with change in distress. In contrast, resilience correlates in daily life, most notably lower stress reactivity, were associated with more favourable change. Higher trait resilience related to higher average mindfulness, higher reappraisal, and lower negative affect. Overall, while trait resilience translated into everyday correlates of resilience, it was not predictive of changes in affective distress. Instead, precursors of changes in well-being may be found in correlates of resilience in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth S Blanke
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- DIPF
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Vivantes Hospital Am Urban and Vivantes Hospital Im Friedrichshain, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Richter
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Brose
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nieto M, Visier ME, Silvestre IN, Navarro B, Serrano JP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Relation between resilience and personality traits: The role of hopelessness and age. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:53-59. [PMID: 36057793 PMCID: PMC10087311 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Resilience refers to the process by which individuals use the ability to cope with challenges to successfully adapt to adverse situations, inclining towards the future and hope. The main aim of this study was to analyze the relation between resilience, personality traits, and hopelessness. Furthermore, we conducted comparisons between two age groups: young and older adults. The sample comprised 439 Spanish participants (66.7% women; M = 43.73, SD = 26.41; age range = 18-98 years). The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to measure the main study variables. The results revealed a negative relation between resilience and neuroticism, and a positive association with the other personality traits. Additionally, levels of resilience were found to be negatively related to hopelessness. The group of older adults showed significantly lower resilience levels than the young adults, although age was not a significant predictor of resilience. Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and hopelessness were the only predictors of resilience for the current study. This work contributes to the study of resilience and related factors, by attempting to understand the role of resilience and resistance to risk and how individuals tackle challenges over time, with important implications for mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nieto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - María E Visier
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Nayara Silvestre
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Navarro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Köhne S, Engert V, Rosendahl J. Stability of resilience in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal Ment Health 2023; 17:55-66. [PMID: 35905979 PMCID: PMC9353390 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is disagreement among researchers regarding the conceptualization of resilience as a dynamic state or stable trait. Aiming to shed light on the state-versus-trait debate, we explored the stability and construct validity of four of the most frequently utilized state or trait resilience scales in a longitudinal assessment. Additionally, we examined the predictive validity of these scales. Our study was conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as collectively experienced adversity. Correlations among the resilience scales and among resilience scales and Big Five personality traits were strong. All except one scale showed high test-retest correlations. Experience of an additional critical life event during the pandemic led to an increase in resilience. Other than in cross-sectional studies, associations between resilience and psychological distress were weak, because personality and baseline psychological distress were controlled for. Nevertheless, next to personality, resilience explained additional variance in distress change. Our results show relatively high stability of resilience overall. Yet, they also confirm dynamic resilience features, suggesting that resilience change occurs with significant adversity, leading to improved adaptation. To gauge the true association between resilience and mental health, baseline levels of these variables as well as personality traits should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Köhne
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and PsychooncologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and PsychooncologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- “Social Stress and Family Health” Research GroupMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Jenny Rosendahl
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and PsychooncologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ribeiro-Gonçalves JA, Costa PA, Leal I. Loneliness, ageism, and mental health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100339. [PMID: 36168598 PMCID: PMC9485034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ageism and loneliness are two relevant public health phenomena because of their negative impact on the senior's mental health. With the increase in average life expectancy, these tend to co-occur, which may increase the psychological distress (PD) of seniors. Resilience has been shown to be an important protective factor of seniors mental health, although its potential buffering role of public health risk factors with cumulative impact on mental health, such as loneliness and ageism, needs to be more studied. Aim To assess the potential mediator role of resilience between the effects of ageism and loneliness on PD in seniors. Methods A sample of 349 Portuguese seniors aged 60 years and over was collected through an online survey and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Seniors completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Short-Form of UCLA Loneliness Scale (USL-6), the Ambivalent Ageism Scale (AAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). A mediation analysis model was developed with resilience as a mediating variable. Results There were moderate to high levels of PD and moderate levels of ageism, loneliness and resilience. Resilience fully mediated the effect of ageism on PD and partially mediated the effect of loneliness on PD. Conclusions Resilience was an important protective factor of mental health against the effects of ageism, and partially protected mental health from the effects of loneliness among seniors. It is suggested that resilience be considered as a factor to be integrated in future intervention programs for mental health. The practical applicability of this study is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Ribeiro-Gonçalves
- Corresponding author at: William James Center for Research, ISPA - University Institute, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, n° 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo Y, Wang A, Zheng R. Editorial: Reducing health disparities: promoting vulnerable older adults' psychological health. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1187403. [PMID: 37151340 PMCID: PMC10157205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Guo
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yufang Guo
| | - Anni Wang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruishuang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma Y, Leung P, Wang Y, Wang L. Psychological resilience, activities of daily living, and cognitive functioning among older male Tekun adults in rural long-term care facilities in China. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2022; 61:445-467. [PMID: 36398735 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2147628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most of the rural long-term care (LTC) facilities in China are ill-equipped to manage the physical and psychological needs of older residents with dementia. These facilities mostly consist of older male Tekun (socially and economically vulnerable) adults. Preventing or delaying the onset of dementia is especially crucial for these older Tekun adults. A sample of 711 older male Tekun adults from rural LTC facilities in the Anhui province of China was used to investigate the association between psychological resilience and cognitive functioning, and to examine the moderating effect of activities of daily living (ADLs) on that association. Linear and quantile regression found that resilience was positively associated with cognitive functioning for the total sample, with a greater effect among those with a lower level of cognitive functioning. The benefit of resilience on cognitive functioning was observed only in participants with disability in ADLs. Our findings present evidence in support of interventions to foster psychological resilience and potentially improve cognitive functioning among vulnerable older adults. Resilience-promoting intervention is a strength-based approach that aligns with social work values and can be used in practice. The implications for social work practice were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TEXAS, USA
| | - Patrick Leung
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TEXAS, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Social Work, University of Iowa, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Healthcare Insurance, School of Healthcare Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koziara K, Mijas ME, Galbarczyk A, Wycisk J, Pliczko MP, Krzych-Miłkowska K, Grabski B. It gets better with age: Resilience, stigma, and mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer persons from Poland. Front Psychol 2022; 13:958601. [PMID: 36204734 PMCID: PMC9531266 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer populations are disproportionately affected by chronic stress associated with stigma which contributes to health adversities including depression. Negative impact of stigma on health can be alleviated by factors such as resilience. Little is known however on how exposure to stigma, protective factors and mental health change with age among gender and sexually diverse persons. Our study aimed at investigating this issue. Our sample consisted of (i) 245 sexually diverse cisgender women, (ii) 175 sexually diverse cisgender men, and (iii) 98 transgender and gender diverse persons. We collected data through a web-based survey. Linear regression models were performed to investigate the interactions of age and each group of participants for resilience, stigma exposure, and mental health indicators (depression and self-esteem). We hypothesized that resilience and mental health indicators will be positively associated with age in all distinguished groups despite the continued exposure to minority stress. The analysis yielded no significant relationships between stigma exposure and age among study participants. However, we observed significant interaction effects of distinguished groups of participants and age in case of self-esteem, depression, and resilience. Self-esteem and resilience were related positively, and depression was negatively associated with age in all study groups. Additionally, we observed that sexually diverse cisgender men demonstrated significantly increased resilience, reduced depression and higher self-esteem compared to other groups. Although the exposure to stigma did not decrease with age, resilience and self-esteem increased, suggesting that LGBTQ persons manage to thrive despite adversities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Koziara
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena E Mijas
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jowita Wycisk
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz P Pliczko
- Sexology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Krzych-Miłkowska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Grabski
- Sexology Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ben Salah A, DeAngelis BN, al’Absi M. Uncertainty and psychological distress during COVID-19: What about protective factors? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35669208 PMCID: PMC9145118 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between perceived uncertainty and depression/ anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and it tested the moderating roles of resilience and perceived social support in this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 31st and May 15th, 2020, using an online, multi-language, international survey built within Qualtrics. We collected data on sociodemographic features, perceived uncertainty, perceived social support, depression and anxiety symptoms, and resilience. A moderation model was tested using model 2 of Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS. The study included 3786 respondents from 94 different countries, 47.7% of whom reported residence in the United States of America. Results demonstrated that higher perceived uncertainty was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Higher resilience levels and higher perceived social support were associated with fewer depression and anxiety symptoms. The moderation hypotheses were supported; the relationship between uncertainty and symptoms of depression and anxiety decreased as levels of resilience increased and as perceived social support increased. The results suggest that resilience and social support could be helpful targets to reduce the negative effects of uncertainty on depression and anxiety symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03244-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ben Salah
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Briana N. DeAngelis
- Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - Mustafa al’Absi
- Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bangash A. Late life personality disorders: Problems in assessment and management. Personal Ment Health 2022; 16:155-159. [PMID: 35304826 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Bangash
- South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Old Age Psychiatry, The Dales, Calderdale Royal Hospital, Halifax, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fernández MB, Rosell J. An Analysis of the Relationship Between Religiosity and Psychological Well-Being in Chilean Older People Using Structural Equation Modeling. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1585-1604. [PMID: 34655007 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using a representative sample, we explored the relationship of organizational (ORA), non-organizational (NORA), and intrinsic religiosity (IR) with depressive and anxious symptomatology and loneliness in Chilean older people, and examined mediating mechanisms. Structural Equation Modeling showed a direct effect between ORA and reduced depressive symptomatology and between IR and anxious symptomatology; for indirect effects, the relationship between ORA and depressive and anxious symptomatology was mediated by friends' social support network, while that between IR and the three outcomes studied was mediated by the family support network and resilience. NORA was not associated with any of the outcomes or mediating variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Beatriz Fernández
- Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Rosell
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Chen Y, Xu J, Chen H, Gao J. Association between resilience and frailty among Chinese older adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:948958. [PMID: 35923449 PMCID: PMC9341387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.948958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Resilience is a multidimensional concept determining healthy aging, however, there were limited studies examining the association between frailty and resilience in detail. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of frailty with three dimensions of resilience-strength, optimism, and tenacity among Chinese older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,209 participants who were sampled by three-stage sampling method, from three cities in China from June 2020 to July 2021. The Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure resilience's 3 dimensions (strength, optimism and tenacity), which were converted into quartiles for the analysis. Frailty status was measured using the Chinese version of the FRAIL scale, categorized into robustness, pre-frailty and frailty. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between frailty status with strength, optimism and tenacity. RESULTS The overall proportions of robustness, pre-frailty, and frailty were 42.7, 48.7, and 8.6%, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, and health behaviors, compared with older adults with the lowest quartile of strength, older adults with the second quartile (odds ratio, OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78), third quartile (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.72), and fourth quartile (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.46-0.73) of strength had lower ORs for pre-frailty, and who also had lower ORs (0.44, 95% CI: 0.33-0.58; 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30-0.59; 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20-0.56, respectively) for frailty. There were no homogeneous associations between optimism and tenacity with frailty status. CONCLUSION Higher strength was associated with lower chance of being pre-frail and frail among Chinese older adults. This finding implies that community-based training programs aiming to enhance psychological resilience, especially strength, may contribute to healthy aging. Future studies should examine the effects of resilience on frailty using longitudinal or experimental study designs in cross-cultural contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Cooperative Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Core Unit of Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Psychological Resilience Moderates the Effect of Perceived Stress on Late-Life Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8023784 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Low Psychological Resilience in Older Individuals: An Association with Increased Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and the Presence of Chronic Medical Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168970. [PMID: 34445675 PMCID: PMC8396457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The term resilience, which has been present in science for almost half a century, stands for the capacity of some system needed to overcome an amount of disturbance from the environment in order to avoid a change to another stable state. In medicine, the concept of resilience means the ability to deal with daily stress and disturbance to our homeostasis with the intention of protecting it from disturbance. With aging, the organism becomes more sensitive to environmental impacts and more susceptible to changes. Mental disturbances and a decline in psychological resilience in older people are potentiated with many social and environmental factors along with a subjective perception of decreasing health. Distinct from findings in younger age groups, mental and physical medical conditions in older people are closely associated with each other, sharing common mechanisms and potentiating each other’s development. Increased inflammation and oxidative stress have been recognized as the main driving mechanisms in the development of aging diseases. This paper aims to reveal, through a translational approach, physiological and molecular mechanisms of emotional distress and low psychological resilience in older individuals as driving mechanisms for the accelerated development of chronic aging diseases, and to systematize the available information sources on strategies for mitigation of low resilience in order to prevent chronic diseases.
Collapse
|