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Ytterbrink C, Shubbar E, Parris TZ, Langen B, Druid M, Schüler E, Strand SE, Åkerström B, Gram M, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Effects of Recombinant α 1-Microglobulin on Early Proteomic Response in Risk Organs after Exposure to 177Lu-Octreotate. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7480. [PMID: 39000587 PMCID: PMC11242497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is proposed as a protector during 177Lu-octreotate treatment of neuroendocrine tumors, which is currently limited by bone marrow and renal toxicity. Co-administration of 177Lu-octreotate and A1M could result in a more effective treatment by protecting healthy tissue, but the radioprotective action of A1M is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the proteomic response of kidneys and bone marrow early after 177Lu-octreotate and/or A1M administration. Mice were injected with 177Lu-octreotate and/or A1M, while control mice received saline or A1M vehicle solution. Bone marrow, kidney medulla, and kidney cortex were sampled after 24 h or 7 d. The differential protein expression was analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. The dosimetric estimation was based on 177Lu activity in the kidney. PHLDA3 was the most prominent radiation-responsive protein in kidney tissue. In general, no statistically significant difference in the expression of radiation-related proteins was observed between the irradiated groups. Most canonical pathways were identified in bone marrow from the 177Lu-octreotate+A1M group. Altogether, a tissue-dependent proteomic response followed exposure to 177Lu-octreotate alone or together with A1M. Combining 177Lu-octreotate with A1M did not inhibit the radiation-induced protein expression early after exposure, and late effects should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ytterbrink
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.Y.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.Z.P.); (K.H.)
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.Y.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.Z.P.); (K.H.)
| | - Toshima Z. Parris
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.Z.P.); (K.H.)
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Section of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Malin Druid
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.Y.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.Z.P.); (K.H.)
| | - Emil Schüler
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.Z.P.); (K.H.)
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.Y.); (E.S.); (M.D.)
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (T.Z.P.); (K.H.)
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Zhou S, Li Y, He L, Chen M, Li W, Xiao T, Guan J, Qi Z, Wang Q, Li S, Zhou P, Wang Z. Haptoglobin is an early indicator of survival after radiation-induced severe injury and bone marrow transplantation in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:461. [PMID: 36068556 PMCID: PMC9450283 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the main treatment for acute radiation sickness, especially after fatal radiation. The determination of HSCT for radiation patients is mainly based on radiation dose, hemogram and bone marrow injury severity. This study aims to explore a better biomarker of acute radiation injury from the perspective of systemic immune response.
Methods C57BL/6J female mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) and partial body irradiation (PBI). Changes in haptoglobin (Hp) level in plasma were shown at different doses and time points after the exposure and treatment with amifostine or bone marrow transplantation. Student’s t-test/two tailed test were used in two groups. To decide the Hp levels as a predictor of the radiation dose in TBI and PBI, multiple linear regression analysis were performed. The ability of biomarkers to identify two groups of different samples was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significance was set at P value < 0.05, and P value < 0.01 was set as highly significant. Survival distribution was determined by log-rank test. Results In this study, we found that Hp was elevated dose-dependently in plasma in the early post-irradiation period and decreased on the second day, which can be used as a molecular indicator for early dose assessment. Moreover, we detected the second increase of Hp on the 3rd and 5th days after the lethal irradiation at 10 Gy, which was eliminated by amifostine, a radiation protection drug, while protected mice from death. Most importantly, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on the 3rd and 5th day after 10 Gy radiation improved the 30-days survival rate, and effectively accelerated the regression of secondary increased Hp level. Conclusions Our study suggests that Hp can be used not only as an early molecule marker of radiation injury, but also as an important indicator of bone marrow transplantation therapy for radiation injury, bringing new scientific discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation injury from the perspective of systemic immunity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03162-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lexin He
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China. .,Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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3
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Liu K, Singer E, Cohn W, Micewicz ED, McBride WH, Whitelegge JP, Loo JA. Time-Dependent Measurement of Nrf2-Regulated Antioxidant Response to Ionizing Radiation Toward Identifying Potential Protein Biomarkers for Acute Radiation Injury. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1900035. [PMID: 31419066 PMCID: PMC7213060 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Potential acute exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear or radiological accidents presents complex mass casualty scenarios that demand prompt triage and treatment decisions. Due to delayed symptoms and varied response of radiation victims, there is an urgent need to develop robust biomarkers to assess the extent of injuries in individuals. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The transcription factor Nrf2 is the master of redox homeostasis and there is transcriptional evidence of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response activation upon radiation. The biomarker potential of Nrf2-dependent downstream target enzymes is investigated by measuring their response in bone marrow extracted from C57Bl/6 and C3H mice of both genders for up to 4 days following 6 Gy total body irradiation using targeted MS. RESULTS Overall, C57Bl/6 mice have a stronger proteomic response than C3H mice. In both strains, male mice have more occurrences of upregulation in antioxidant enzymes than female mice. For C57Bl/6 male mice, three proteins show elevated abundances after radiation exposure: catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and heme oxygenase 1. Across both strains and genders, glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 is consistently decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides the basis for future development of organ-specific protein biomarkers used in diagnostic blood test for radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA
| | - Elizabeth Singer
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Ewa D. Micewicz
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | | | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, and UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA
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4
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Huang J, Wang Q, Hu Y, Qi Z, Lin Z, Ying W, Zhou M. Proteomic Profiling for Serum Biomarkers in Mice Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819894794. [PMID: 31853238 PMCID: PMC6909274 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819894794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to large-scale radiological incidents, rapid, accurate, and early triage biodosimeters are urgently required. In this study, we investigated candidate radiation-responsive biomarkers using proteomics approaches in mouse models. A total of 452 dysregulated proteins were identified in the serum samples of mice exposed to 0, 2, 5.5, 7, and 8 Gy at 6, 24, and 72 hours postirradiation. Ninety-eight proteins, including 46 at 6 hours, 36 at 24 hours, and 36 at 72 hours, were identified as radiation-responsive proteins (RRPs). Gene Ontology analysis showed the RRPs were involved in proteolysis, extracellular space, hydrolase activity, and carbohydrate binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment showed the RRPs were regulated in "the pentose phosphate pathway," "the proteasome," and "AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications." There were 3 proteins changed and overlapped at all the 3 time points, 8 proteins changed at 6 and 24 hours, 4 proteins changed at 24 and 72hours, and 2 proteins changed at both 6 and 72 hours. Of these proteins, ORM2, HP, SAA1, SAA2, MBL2, COL1A1, and APCS were identified as candidate biomarkers for biodosimeter-based diagnosis through Pearson correlation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Hu
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Lin
- Science Research Management Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Investigation of serum proteome homeostasis during radiation therapy by a quantitative proteomics approach. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182319. [PMID: 31300526 PMCID: PMC6663990 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to analyze the serum proteome of patients receiving Radiation Therapy (RT) at different stages of their treatment to discovery candidate biomarkers of the radiation-induced skin lesions and the molecular pathways underlying the radiation signatures. Six stages of RT treatment were monitored from patients treated because of brain cancer: before starting the treatment, during the treatment (four time points), and at 4 weeks from the last RT dose. Serum samples were analyzed by a proteomics approach based on the Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS). RT induced clear changes in the expression levels of 36 serum proteins. Among these, 25 proteins were down- or up-regulated significantly before the emergence of skin lesions. Some of these were still deregulated after the completion of the treatment. Few days before the appearance of the skin lesions, the levels of some proteins involved in the wound healing processes were down-regulated. The pathway analysis indicated that after partial body irradiation, the expression levels of proteins functionally involved in the acute inflammatory and immune response, lipoprotein process and blood coagulation, were deregulated.
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6
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Miura S, Yamaguchi M, Yoshino H, Nakai Y, Kashiwakura I. Dose-Dependent Increase of Nrf2 Target Gene Expression in Mice Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2018; 191:176-188. [PMID: 30566388 DOI: 10.1667/rr15203.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 transcription factor (Nrf2) is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and binds to antioxidant response elements in the promoter regions of its target genes involved in redox regulation and antioxidative functions. In this study, we elucidated the relationship between radiation dose and the expression response of Nrf2 target genes involved in oxidative stress, such as heme oxygenase 1, ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 ( Fth1), NADPH dehydrogenase quinone 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, glutathione reductase ( Gsr) and thioredoxin reductase 1 genes, in peripheral blood from X-ray irradiated mice. Whole-body radiation doses ranged from 0.5 to 3 Gy, and gene expressions were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A significant relationship was observed only for one gene: a statistically significant positive correlation between radiation dose and Fth1 mRNA expression was detected. However, Fth1 did not show any correlations with the biological damages induced by radiation tested in this study. Furthermore, while Gsr expression was significantly associated with spleen weight loss, splenic cell number reduction and bone marrow cell death apoptosis, no significant correlation was observed between Gsr expression and radiation dose. Together these results indicate that Nrf2 target gene expression is closely related to radiation dose and its level may reflect biological damages induced by ionizing radiation. These findings suggest the possibility for application of these target genes as a bio-dosimeter and/or damage marker in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Miura
- a Department of Radiology, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita 011-0948, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- b Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- b Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- c Institute for Food Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori 038-0012, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- b Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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7
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Cheema AK, Byrum SD, Sharma NK, Altadill T, Kumar VP, Biswas S, Balgley BM, Hauer-Jensen M, Tackett AJ, Ghosh SP. Proteomic Changes in Mouse Spleen after Radiation-Induced Injury and its Modulation by Gamma-Tocotrienol. Radiat Res 2018; 190:449-463. [PMID: 30070965 PMCID: PMC6297072 DOI: 10.1667/rr15008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3), a naturally occurring vitamin E isomer, a promising radioprotector, has been shown to protect mice against radiation-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injuries. We analyzed changes in protein expression profiles of spleen tissue after GT3 treatment in mice exposed to gamma radiation to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of radioprotective efficacy. Male CD2F1 mice, 12-to-14 weeks old, were treated with either vehicle or GT3 at 24 h prior to 7 Gy total-body irradiation. Nonirradiated vehicle, nonirradiated GT3 and age-matched naïve animals were used as controls. Blood and tissues were harvested on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 postirradiation. High-resolution mass-spectrometry-based radioproteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in spleen tissue with or without drug treatment. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses helped delineate molecular markers of biological pathways and networks regulating the cellular radiation responses in spleen. Our results show a robust alteration in spleen proteomic profiles including upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and actin-cytoskeleton linked proteins in mediating the radiation injury response in spleen. Furthermore, we show that 24 h pretreatment with GT3 attenuates radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in the spleen by modulating various cell signaling proteins. Taken together, our results show that the radioprotective effects of GT3 are mediated, via alleviation of radiation-induced alterations in biochemical pathways, with wide implications on overall hematopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K. Cheema
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neel Kamal Sharma
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tatiana Altadill
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gynecological Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vidya P. Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sanchita P. Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
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8
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Rithidech KN, Reungpatthanaphong P, Tungjai M, Jangiam W, Honikel L, Whorton EB. Persistent depletion of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) after exposure of mice to heavy silicon ions. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 17:83-90. [PMID: 29753417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about plasma proteins that can be used as biomarkers for early and late responses to radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine a link between depletion of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) and cell-death as well as inflammatory responses in the lung (one of the tissues known to be radiosensitive) of the same exposed CBA/CaJ mice after exposure to heavy silicon (28Si) ions. To prevent the development of multiple organ dysfunctions, pGSN (an important component of the extracellular actin-scavenging system) is responsible for the removal of actin that is released into the circulation during inflammation and from dying cells. We evaluated the levels of pGSN in plasma collected from groups of mice (5 mice in each) at 1 week (wk) and 1 month (1 mo) after exposure whole body to different doses of 28Si ions, i.e. 0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy (2 fractionated exposures, 15 days apart that totaled each selected dose). In the same mouse, the measurements of pGSN levels were coupled with the quantitation of injuries in the lung, determined by (a) the levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved-PARP), a marker of apoptotic cell-death, (b) the levels of activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6, from tissue-lysates of the lung. Further, the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes (N/L) was determined in the same mouse. Our data indicated: (i) the magnitude of pGSN depletion was dependent to radiation dose at both harvest times, (ii) a persistent depletion of pGSN up to 1 mo post-exposure to 0.25 or 0.5 Gy of 28Si ions, (iii) an inverse-correlation between pGSN depletion and increased levels of cleaved-PARP, including activated NF-κB/pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung, and (iv) at both harvest times, statistically significant increases in the N/L ratio in groups of mice exposed to 0.5 Gy only. Our findings suggested that depletion in pGSN levels reflects not only the responses to 28Si-ion exposure at both harvest times but also early and late-occurring damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paiboon Reungpatthanaphong
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Sciences, Kasetsart University, Chatuchuck, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Witawat Jangiam
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Louise Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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9
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Zhou Y, Tsai TL, Li WJ. Strategies to retain properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ex vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:3-17. [PMID: 28984359 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for cell therapies and tissue engineering. The current MSC strategy requires a large quantity of cells for such applications, which can be achieved through cell expansion in culture. In the body, stem cell fate is largely determined by their microenvironment, known as the niche. The complex and dynamic stem cell niche provides physical, mechanical, and chemical cues to collaboratively regulate cell activities. It remains a great challenge to maintain the properties of MSCs in culture. Constructing a microenvironment as an engineered stem cell niche in culture to maintain MSC phenotypes, properties, and functions is a viable strategy to address the issue. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC behavior in the bone marrow niche, describe different strategies to engineer an in vitro microenvironment for maintaining MSC properties and functions, and discuss previous findings on environmental factors critical to the modulation of MSC activities in engineered microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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10
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Petitot F, Frelon S, Chambon C, Paquet F, Guipaud O. Proteome changes in rat serum after a chronic ingestion of enriched uranium: Toward a biological signature of internal contamination and radiological effect. Toxicol Lett 2016; 257:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Barshishat-Kupper M, McCart EA, Freedy JG, Tipton AJ, Nagy V, Kim SY, Landauer MR, Mueller GP, Day RM. Protein Oxidation in the Lungs of C57BL/6J Mice Following X-Irradiation. Proteomes 2015; 3:249-265. [PMID: 28248270 PMCID: PMC5217375 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to normal lung tissue is a limiting factor when ionizing radiation is used in clinical applications. In addition, radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis are a major cause of mortality following accidental radiation exposure in humans. Although clinical symptoms may not develop for months after radiation exposure, immediate events induced by radiation are believed to generate molecular and cellular cascades that proceed during a clinical latent period. Oxidative damage to DNA is considered a primary cause of radiation injury to cells. DNA can be repaired by highly efficient mechanisms while repair of oxidized proteins is limited. Oxidized proteins are often destined for degradation. We examined protein oxidation following 17 Gy (0.6 Gy/min) thoracic X-irradiation in C57BL/6J mice. Seventeen Gy thoracic irradiation resulted in 100% mortality of mice within 127-189 days postirradiation. Necropsy findings indicated that pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis were the leading cause of mortality. We investigated the oxidation of lung proteins at 24 h postirradiation following 17 Gy thoracic irradiation using 2-D gel electrophoresis and OxyBlot for the detection of protein carbonylation. Seven carbonylated proteins were identified using mass spectrometry: serum albumin, selenium binding protein-1, alpha antitrypsin, cytoplasmic actin-1, carbonic anhydrase-2, peroxiredoxin-6, and apolipoprotein A1. The carbonylation status of carbonic anhydrase-2, selenium binding protein, and peroxiredoxin-6 was higher in control lung tissue. Apolipoprotein A1 and serum albumin carbonylation were increased following X-irradiation, as confirmed by OxyBlot immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Our findings indicate that the profile of specific protein oxidation in the lung is altered following radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barshishat-Kupper
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A McCart
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - James G Freedy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Ashlee J Tipton
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Vitaly Nagy
- Operational Dosimetry Division, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Sung-Yop Kim
- Operational Dosimetry Division, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Michael R Landauer
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Gregory P Mueller
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Rithidech KN, Tungjai M, Jangiam W, Honikel L, Gordon C, Lai X, Witzmann F. Proteomic Profiling of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells after a Whole Body Exposure of CBA/CaJ Mice to Titanium ( 48Ti) Ions. Proteomes 2015; 3:132-159. [PMID: 28248266 PMCID: PMC5217378 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia (ML) is one of the major health concerns from exposure to radiation. However, the risk assessment for developing ML after exposure to space radiation remains uncertain. To reduce the uncertainty in risk prediction for ML, a much increased understanding of space radiation-induced changes in the target cells, i.e., hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), is critically important. We used the label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LFQMS) proteomic approach to determine the expression of protein in HSPC-derived myeloid colonies obtained at an early time-point (one week) and a late time-point (six months) after an acute whole body exposure of CBA/CaJ mice to a total dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy of heavy-ion titanium (48Ti ions), which are the important component of radiation found in the space environment. Mice exposed to 0 Gy of 48Ti ions served as non-irradiated sham controls. There were five mice per treatment groups at each harvest time. The Trans-Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) was used to assign a probability of a particular protein being in the sample. A proof-of-concept based Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to characterize the functions, pathways, and networks of the identified proteins. Alterations of expression levels of proteins detected in samples collected at one week (wk) post-irradiation reflects acute effects of exposure to 48Ti ions, while those detected in samples collected at six months (mos) post-irradiation represent protein expression profiles involved in the induction of late-occurring damage (normally referred to as genomic instability). Our results obtained by using the IPA analyses indicate a wide array of signaling pathways involved in response to 1 GeV/n 48Ti ions at both harvest times. Our data also demonstrate that the patterns of protein expression profiles are dose and time dependent. The majority of proteins with altered expression levels are involved in cell cycle control, cellular growth and proliferation, cell death and survival, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction. The IPA analyses indicate several important processes involved in responses to exposure to 48Ti ions. These include the proteosme/ubiquination, protein synthesis, post-translation modification, and lipid metabolism. The IPA analyses also indicate that exposure to 1 GeV/n 48Ti ions affects the development and function of hematological system, immune cell trafficking, including the cytoskeleton. Further, the IPA analyses strongly demonstrate that the NF-κB and MAPKs (ERKs, JNKs, and p38MAPK) pathways play an essential role in signal transduction after exposure to 1 GeV/n 48Ti ions. At an early time-point (1 week), the top networks identified by the IPA analyses are related to metabolic disease, lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and development disorder. In contrast, the top networks identified in samples collected at a late time-point (6 mos post-irradiation) by the IPA analyses are related to cancer, hematological disorders, and immunological diseases. In summary, the proteomic findings from our study provide a foundation to uncover compounds potentially be highly effective in radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Witawat Jangiam
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
| | - Louise Honikel
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Chris Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Room 0044, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Frank Witzmann
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Room 362A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Barshishat-Kupper M, Tipton AJ, McCart EA, McCue J, Mueller GP, Day RM. Effect of ionizing radiation on liver protein oxidation and metabolic function in C57BL/6J mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1169-78. [PMID: 24899392 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.930536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein oxidation in response to radiation results in DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response, cell cycle arrest, cell death and senescence. The liver, a relatively radiosensitive organ, undergoes measurable alterations in metabolic functions following irradiation. Accordingly, we investigated radiation-induced changes in liver metabolism and alterations in protein oxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were sham irradiated or exposed to 8.5 Gy (60)Co (0.6 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Metabolites and metabolic enzymes in the blood and liver tissue were analyzed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and OxyBlot™ were used to detect carbonylated proteins that were then identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Analysis of serum metabolites revealed elevated glucose, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase within 24-72 h post irradiation. Liver tissue LDH and alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated 24-72 h post irradiation. OxyBlotting revealed that the hepatic proteome contains baseline protein carbonylation. Radiation exposure increased carbonylation of specific liver proteins including carbonic anhydrase 1, α-enolase, and regucalcin. CONCLUSIONS 8.5 Gy irradiation resulted in distinct metabolic alterations in hepatic functions. Coincident with these changes, radiation induced the carbonylation of specific liver enzymes. The oxidation of liver enzymes may underlie some radiation-induced alterations in hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barshishat-Kupper
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Nylund R, Lemola E, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Acheva A, Jahns J, Hildebrandt G, Lindholm C. Profiling of low molecular weight proteins in plasma from locally irradiated individuals. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:674-82. [PMID: 24570173 PMCID: PMC4099999 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In studies reported in the 1960s and since, blood plasma from radiation-exposed individuals has been shown to induce chromosome damage when transferred into lymphocyte cultures of non-irradiated persons. This effect has been described to occur via clastogenic factors, whose nature is still mostly unknown. We have previously examined clastogenic factors from irradiated individuals by looking at plasma-induced DNA damage in reporter cells. Plasma was tested from ca. 30 locally exposed clinical patients receiving fractionated radiation treatment, as well as from three radiological accident victims exposed in 1994, albeit sampled 14 years post-accident. In the current work, proteome changes in the plasma from all subjects were examined with 2D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics techniques, in order to evaluate the level of protein expression with respect to the findings of a clastogenic factor effect. No differences were observed in protein expression due to local radiation exposure (pre- vs post-exposure). In contrast, plasma from the radiation accident victims showed alterations in the expression of 18 protein spots (in comparison with plasma from the control group). Among these, proteins such as haptoglobin, serotransferrin/transferrin, fibrinogen and ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 were observed, none of them likely to be clastogenic factors. In conclusion, the proteomics techniques applied were unable to identify changes in the proteome of the locally irradiated patients, whereas such differences were observed for the accident victims. However, association with the clastogenic effect or any specific clastogenic factor remains unresolved and thus further studies with more sensitive techniques are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Nylund
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, PO Box 14, 00881 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Lemola
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, PO Box 14, 00881 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Acheva
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, PO Box 14, 00881 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jutta Jahns
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Department of Radiotherapy, University of Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carita Lindholm
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, PO Box 14, 00881 Helsinki, Finland
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Bone Marrow Protein Oxidation in Response to Ionizing Radiation in C57BL/6J Mice. Proteomes 2014; 2:291-302. [PMID: 28250382 PMCID: PMC5302751 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is one of the most radio-sensitive tissues. Accidental ionizing radiation exposure can damage mature blood cells and hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells, and mortality can result from hematopoietic insufficiency and infection. Ionizing radiation induces alterations in gene and protein expression in hematopoietic tissue. Here we investigated radiation effects on protein carbonylation, a primary marker for protein oxidative damage. C57BL/6 mice were either sham irradiated or exposed to 7.5 Gy 60Co (0.6 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Bone marrow was obtained 24 h post-irradiation. Two dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and Oxyblot immunodetection were used to discover carbonylated proteins, and peptide mass fingerprinting was performed for identification. 2D gels allowed the detection of 13 carbonylated proteins in the bone marrow; seven of these were identified, with two pairs of the same protein. Baseline levels of carbonylation were found in 78 kDa glucose-related protein, heat shock protein cognate 71 KDa, actin, chitinase-like protein 3 (CHI3L1), and carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII). Radiation increased carbonylation in four proteins, including CHI3L1 and CAII, and induced carbonylation of one additional protein (not identified). Our findings indicate that the profile of specific protein carbonylation in bone marrow is substantially altered by ionizing radiation. Accordingly, protein oxidation may be a mechanism for reduced cell viability.
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An N, Janech MG, Bland AM, Lazarchick J, Arthur JM, Kang Y. Proteomic analysis of murine bone marrow niche microenvironment identifies thioredoxin as a novel agent for radioprotection and for enhancing donor cell reconstitution. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:944-56. [PMID: 23994289 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by the bone marrow (BM) niche microenvironment. We recently found that posttransplant administration of AMD3100 (a specific and reversible CXCR4 antagonist) enhanced donor cell engraftment and promoted recovery of all donor cell lineages in a congeneic mouse transplant model. We hypothesized that AMD3100 enhances donor cell reconstitution in part by modulating the levels and constitution of soluble factors in the niche microenvironment. In the current study, the effects of the BM extracellular fluid (supernatant) from AMD3100-treated transplant recipient mice on colony-forming units (CFUs) were examined. A semiquantitative, mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was used to screen for differentially expressed proteins between the BM supernatants of PBS-treated transplant mice and AMD3100-treated transplant mice. A total of 178 proteins were identified in the BM supernatants. Thioredoxin was among the 32 proteins that displayed greater than a twofold increase in spectral counts in the BM supernatant of AMD3100-treated transplant mice. We found that thioredoxin increased CFUs in a dose-dependent manner. Thioredoxin improved hematopoiesis in irradiated mice and protected mice from radiation-related death. Furthermore, ex vivo exposure to thioredoxin for 24 hours enhanced the long-term repopulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Additionally, combined posttransplant administration of thioredoxin and AMD3100 improved hematologic recovery in primary and secondary transplant recipient mice. Our studies demonstrated that factors in the BM niche microenvironment play a critical role in hematopoiesis. Identifying these factors provides clues on potential novel targets that can be used to enhance hematologic recovery in hematopoietic stem cell transplan`tation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei An
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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17
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Chaze T, Hornez L, Chambon C, Haddad I, Vinh J, Peyrat JP, Benderitter M, Guipaud O. Serum Proteome Analysis for Profiling Predictive Protein Markers Associated with the Severity of Skin Lesions Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Proteomes 2013; 1:40-69. [PMID: 28250398 PMCID: PMC5302747 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes1020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding of new diagnostic and prognostic markers of local radiation injury, and particularly of the cutaneous radiation syndrome, is crucial for its medical management, in the case of both accidental exposure and radiotherapy side effects. Especially, a fast high-throughput method is still needed for triage of people accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation. In this study, we investigated the impact of localized irradiation of the skin on the early alteration of the serum proteome of mice in an effort to discover markers associated with the exposure and severity of impending damage. Using two different large-scale quantitative proteomic approaches, 2D-DIGE-MS and SELDI-TOF-MS, we performed global analyses of serum proteins collected in the clinical latency phase (days 3 and 7) from non-irradiated and locally irradiated mice exposed to high doses of 20, 40 and 80 Gy which will develop respectively erythema, moist desquamation and necrosis. Unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical analyses (principal component analysis, partial-least square discriminant analysis and Random Forest analysis) using 2D-DIGE quantitative protein data allowed us to discriminate early between non-irradiated and irradiated animals, and between uninjured/slightly injured animals and animals that will develop severe lesions. On the other hand, despite a high number of animal replicates, PLS-DA and Random Forest analyses of SELDI-TOF-MS data failed to reveal sets of MS peaks able to discriminate between the different groups of animals. Our results show that, unlike SELDI-TOF-MS, the 2D-DIGE approach remains a powerful and promising method for the discovery of sets of proteins that could be used for the development of clinical tests for triage and the prognosis of the severity of radiation-induced skin lesions. We propose a list of 15 proteins which constitutes a set of candidate proteins for triage and prognosis of skin lesion outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chaze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
| | - Louis Hornez
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, BP 307, Lille 59020, France.
| | - Christophe Chambon
- PFEM, Composante Protéomique, UR370, INRA, Saint-Genès Champanelle 63322, France.
| | - Iman Haddad
- Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Joelle Vinh
- Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Peyrat
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, BP 307, Lille 59020, France.
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
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Ionizing Radiation Effects on Cells, Organelles and Tissues on Proteome Level. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:37-48. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Guipaud O. Serum and plasma proteomics and its possible use as detector and predictor of radiation diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:61-86. [PMID: 23378003 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All tissues can be damaged by ionizing radiation. Early biomarkers of radiation injury are critical for triage, treatment and follow-up of large numbers of people exposed to ionizing radiation after terrorist attacks or radiological accident, and for prediction of normal tissue toxicity before, during and after a treatment by radiotherapy. The comparative proteomic approach is a promising and powerful tool for the discovery of new radiation biomarkers. In association with multivariate statistics, proteomics enables measurement of the level of hundreds or thousands of proteins at the same time and identifies set of proteins that can discriminate between different groups of individuals. Human serum and plasma are the preferred samples for the study of normal and disease-associated proteins. Extreme complexity, extensive dynamic range, genetic and physiological variations, protein modifications and incompleteness of sampling by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry represent key challenges to reproducible, high-resolution, and high-throughput analyses of serum and plasma proteomes. The future of radiation research will possibly lie in molecular networks that link genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome variations to radiation pathophysiology and serve as sensors of radiation disease. This chapter reviews recent advances in proteome analysis of serum and plasma as well as its applications to radiation biology and radiation biomarker discovery for both radiation exposure and radiation tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Guipaud
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 17, Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, 92262, France.
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Azimzadeh O, Scherthan H, Sarioglu H, Barjaktarovic Z, Conrad M, Vogt A, Calzada-Wack J, Neff F, Aubele M, Buske C, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Rapid proteomic remodeling of cardiac tissue caused by total body ionizing radiation. Proteomics 2011; 11:3299-311. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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De Franceschi L, Bertoldi M, De Falco L, Santos Franco S, Ronzoni L, Turrini F, Colancecco A, Camaschella C, Cappellini MD, Iolascon A. Oxidative stress modulates heme synthesis and induces peroxiredoxin-2 as a novel cytoprotective response in β-thalassemic erythropoiesis. Haematologica 2011; 96:1595-604. [PMID: 21750082 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.043612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-thalassemic syndromes are inherited red cell disorders characterized by severe ineffective erythropoiesis and increased levels of reactive oxygen species whose contribution to β-thalassemic anemia is only partially understood. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied erythroid precursors from normal and β-thalassemic peripheral CD34(+) cells in two-phase liquid culture by proteomic, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. We measured intracellular reactive oxygen species, heme levels and the activity of δ-aminolevulinate-synthase-2. We exposed normal cells and K562 cells with silenced peroxiredoxin-2 to H(2)O(2) and generated a recombinant peroxiredoxin-2 for kinetic measurements in the presence of H(2)O(2) or hemin. RESULTS In β-thalassemia the increased production of reactive oxygen species was associated with down-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase and up-regulation of peroxiredoxin-2. In agreement with these observations in β-thalassemic cells we found decreased heme levels related to significantly reduced activity of the first enzyme of the heme pathway, δ-aminolevulinate synthase-2 without differences in its expression. We demonstrated that the activity of recombinant δ-aminolevulinate synthase-2 is inhibited by both reactive oxygen species and hemin as a protective mechanism in β-thalassemic cells. We then addressed the question of the protective role of peroxiredoxin-2 in erythropoiesis by exposing normal cells to oxidative stress and silencing peroxiredoxin-2 in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. We found that peroxiredoxin-2 expression is up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and required for K562 cells to survive oxidative stress. We then showed that peroxiredoxin-2 binds heme in erythroid precursors with high affinity, suggesting a possible multifunctional cytoprotective role of peroxiredoxin-2 in β-thalassemia. CONCLUSIONS In β-thalassemic erythroid cells the reduction of δ-aminolevulinate synthase-2 activity and the increased expression of peroxiredoxin-2 might represent two novel stress-response protective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy.
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23
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Li SC, Lin CY, Kuo TF, Lin YH, Chen CC, Lin WN, Chan WP. Chicken model of steroid-induced bone marrow adipogenesis using proteome analysis: a preliminary study. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:47. [PMID: 20840762 PMCID: PMC2949814 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid-induced adipogenesis increases fat-cell volume and pressure in bone marrow. This may be a contributing factor in some forms of osteonecrosis. In this observational study, we aimed to determine the protein expression relating to steroid-induced adipogenesis of femoral bone marrow with use of a chicken model. We compared the histologic features of the femoral marrow of eight methylprednisolone (MP)-treated chickens with those of three control chickens and assessed differential proteins with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differential proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Results One MP-induced chicken died of overdose anesthesia. Methylprednisolone-induced proliferation of adipose tissue and new bone formation were found on histologic examination. In our study, 13 proteins in the control and MP-induced groups were differently expressed and nine protein spots showed marked threefold downregulation after 19 weeks of MP treatment. These were serum amyloid P-component precursor, zinc finger protein 28, endothelial zinc finger protein 71, T-box transcription factor 3, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, myosin 1D, dimethylaniline monooxygenase, and two uncharacterized proteins. Conclusions Proteomic profiling can be a useful dynamic approach for detecting protein expression in MP-induced adipogenesis of the femur in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Chung Li
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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In vivo cellular imaging pinpoints the role of reactive oxygen species in the early steps of adult hematopoietic reconstitution. Blood 2009; 115:443-52. [PMID: 19797522 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-222711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few techniques are available to characterize in vivo the early cellular dynamics of long-term reconstitution of hematopoiesis after transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after lethal irradiation. Using a fiber-optic imaging system, we track the early steps of in vivo recruitment and proliferation of Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)CD34(-) (LSKCD34(-)) HSCs highly enriched in HSCs and transplanted into lethally irradiated mice. Recruitment of the transplanted LSKCD34(-) hematopoietic cells first occurs in the femoral head and is continuous during 24 hours. Quantification of the fluorescence emitted by the transplanted hematopoietic cells shows that proliferation of LSKCD34(-) hematopoietic cells in the femoral head was potent 3 days after transplantation. Using a development of this fiber-optic imaging system, we show that the transplanted LSKCD34(-) hematopoietic cells are associated with vascularized structures as early as 5 hours after transplantation. This early association is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) partly through the regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression on endothelial cells and is followed by a ROS-dependent proliferation of LSKCD34(-) hematopoietic cells. This new in vivo imaging technique permits the observation of the early steps of hematopoietic reconstitution by HSCs in long bones and shows a new role of ROS in the recruitment of HSCs by bone marrow endothelial cells.
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Wright EG. Microenvironmental and genetic factors in haemopoietic radiation responses. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 83:813-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000701731111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Wright
- University of Dundee, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Marchetti F, Coleman MA, Jones IM, Wyrobek AJ. Candidate protein biodosimeters of human exposure to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:605-39. [PMID: 17050475 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600930103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a literature review of candidate protein biomarkers for individual radiation biodosimetry of exposure to ionizing radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reviewed approximately 300 publications (1973 - April 2006) that reported protein effects in mammalian systems after either in vivo or in vitro radiation exposure. RESULTS We found 261 radiation-responsive proteins including 173 human proteins. Most of the studies used high doses of ionizing radiation (>4 Gy) and had no information on dose- or time-responses. The majority of the proteins showed increased amounts or changes in phosphorylation states within 24 h after exposure (range: 1.5- to 10-fold). Of the 47 proteins that are responsive at doses of 1 Gy and below, 6 showed phosphorylation changes at doses below 10 cGy. Proteins were assigned to 9 groups based on consistency of response across species, dose- and time-response information and known role in the radiation damage response. CONCLUSIONS ATM (Ataxia telengiectasia mutated), H2AX (histone 2AX), CDKN1A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), and TP53 (tumor protein 53) are top candidate radiation protein biomarkers. Furthermore, we recommend a panel of protein biomarkers, each with different dose and time optima, to improve individual radiation biodosimetry for discriminating between low-, moderate-, and high-dose exposures. Our findings have applications for early triage and follow-up medical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marchetti
- Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Su Y. Peroxiredoxins, a novel target in cancer radiotherapy. Cancer Lett 2009; 286:154-60. [PMID: 19500902 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are toxic at high levels in the mammalian cells. Mammalian cells have developed many enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative systems in various cellular compartments to maintain an appropriate level of ROS and regulate their action. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a family of peroxidase that reduced intracellular peroxides (one type of ROS) with the thioredoxin system as the electron donor, were highly expressed in various cellular compartments. In this minireview, we discussed the regulation of Prxs expression in cancer cell and its relationship with ionizing radiation. As Prxs could be induced by radiation and its expression status could determine the radiosensitivity of cancer cells, Prxs might be a potential target for radiotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Haque R, Umstead TM, Freeman WM, Floros J, Phelps DS. The impact of surfactant protein-A on ozone-induced changes in the mouse bronchoalveolar lavage proteome. Proteome Sci 2009; 7:12. [PMID: 19323824 PMCID: PMC2666657 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ozone is a major component of air pollution. Exposure to this powerful oxidizing agent can cause or exacerbate many lung conditions, especially those involving innate immunity. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) plays many roles in innate immunity by participating directly in host defense as it exerts opsonin function, or indirectly via its ability to regulate alveolar macrophages and other innate immune cells. The mechanism(s) responsible for ozone-induced pathophysiology, while likely related to oxidative stress, are not well understood. Methods We employed 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), a discovery proteomics approach, coupled with MALDI-ToF/ToF to compare the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) proteomes in wild type (WT) and SP-A knockout (KO) mice and to assess the impact of ozone or filtered air on the expression of BAL proteins. Using the PANTHER database and the published literature most identified proteins were placed into three functional groups. Results We identified 66 proteins and focused our analysis on these proteins. Many of them fell into three categories: defense and immunity; redox regulation; and protein metabolism, modification and chaperones. In response to the oxidative stress of acute ozone exposure (2 ppm; 3 hours) there were many significant changes in levels of expression of proteins in these groups. Most of the proteins in the redox group were decreased, the proteins involved in protein metabolism increased, and roughly equal numbers of increases and decreases were seen in the defense and immunity group. Responses between WT and KO mice were similar in many respects. However, the percent change was consistently greater in the KO mice and there were more changes that achieved statistical significance in the KO mice, with levels of expression in filtered air-exposed KO mice being closer to ozone-exposed WT mice than to filtered air-exposed WT mice. Conclusion We postulate that SP-A plays a role in reactive oxidant scavenging in WT mice and that its absence in the KO mice in the presence or absence of ozone exposure results in more pronounced, and presumably chronic, oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwanul Haque
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and the Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and the Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- The Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and the Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David S Phelps
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and the Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Lin RX, Zhao HB, Li CR, Sun YN, Qian XH, Wang SQ. Proteomic Analysis of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Proteins at the Subcellular Level. J Proteome Res 2008; 8:390-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800699w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xian Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bao Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Rong Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ning Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Qian
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P. R. China, and Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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Guipaud O, Holler V, Buard V, Tarlet G, Royer N, Vinh J, Benderitter M. Time-course analysis of mouse serum proteome changes following exposure of the skin to ionizing radiation. Proteomics 2007; 7:3992-4002. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200601032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chang SI, El-Bayoumy K, Sinha I, Trushin N, Stanley B, Pittman B, Prokopczyk B. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone Enhances the Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I and Clara Cell 17-kDa Protein in the Lung Proteomes of Rats Fed a Corn Oil Diet but not a Fish Oil Diet. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:228-35. [PMID: 17301254 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotine-derived nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is one of the most potent lung carcinogens in rodents. Several epidemiologic studies indicated that the development of lung cancer in smokers is influenced by the type and amount of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. A high corn oil diet has been shown to increase lung tumor volume and to decrease tumor latency in rats treated with NNK. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the form of corn oil or fish oil on lung proteomes in F344 rats treated with or without NNK. The fish oil diet contained 17% fish oil and 3% corn oil, and the corn oil diet contained 20% corn oil. Rats were sacrificed after 3 months, and lungs were excised. Whole lung tissue proteins were separated by two-dimensional liquid chromatography, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by trypsin digestion and tandem mass spectrometry. Apolipoprotein A-I and Clara cell 17-kDa protein were overexpressed in the lungs of rats fed corn oil diet, compared with fish oil diet. NNK further enhanced their expression in rats fed corn oil diet; this effect was not observed in animals fed fish oil diet. The results suggest that the elevated levels of apolipoprotein A-I and Clara cell 17-kDa protein may be involved in the development of NNK-induced lung cancer in rats fed a high corn oil diet. Therefore, we propose that both proteins may serve as potential biomarkers in future molecular epidemiologic and clinical chemoprevention intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Il Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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