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Barshishat-Kupper M, McCart EA, Freedy JG, Tipton AJ, Nagy V, Kim SY, Landauer MR, Mueller GP, Day RM. Protein Oxidation in the Lungs of C57BL/6J Mice Following X-Irradiation. Proteomes 2015; 3:249-265. [PMID: 28248270 PMCID: PMC5217375 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to normal lung tissue is a limiting factor when ionizing radiation is used in clinical applications. In addition, radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis are a major cause of mortality following accidental radiation exposure in humans. Although clinical symptoms may not develop for months after radiation exposure, immediate events induced by radiation are believed to generate molecular and cellular cascades that proceed during a clinical latent period. Oxidative damage to DNA is considered a primary cause of radiation injury to cells. DNA can be repaired by highly efficient mechanisms while repair of oxidized proteins is limited. Oxidized proteins are often destined for degradation. We examined protein oxidation following 17 Gy (0.6 Gy/min) thoracic X-irradiation in C57BL/6J mice. Seventeen Gy thoracic irradiation resulted in 100% mortality of mice within 127-189 days postirradiation. Necropsy findings indicated that pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis were the leading cause of mortality. We investigated the oxidation of lung proteins at 24 h postirradiation following 17 Gy thoracic irradiation using 2-D gel electrophoresis and OxyBlot for the detection of protein carbonylation. Seven carbonylated proteins were identified using mass spectrometry: serum albumin, selenium binding protein-1, alpha antitrypsin, cytoplasmic actin-1, carbonic anhydrase-2, peroxiredoxin-6, and apolipoprotein A1. The carbonylation status of carbonic anhydrase-2, selenium binding protein, and peroxiredoxin-6 was higher in control lung tissue. Apolipoprotein A1 and serum albumin carbonylation were increased following X-irradiation, as confirmed by OxyBlot immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Our findings indicate that the profile of specific protein oxidation in the lung is altered following radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barshishat-Kupper
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A McCart
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - James G Freedy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Ashlee J Tipton
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Vitaly Nagy
- Operational Dosimetry Division, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Sung-Yop Kim
- Operational Dosimetry Division, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Michael R Landauer
- Radiation Countermeasures Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Gregory P Mueller
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Barshishat-Kupper M, Tipton AJ, McCart EA, McCue J, Mueller GP, Day RM. Effect of ionizing radiation on liver protein oxidation and metabolic function in C57BL/6J mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1169-78. [PMID: 24899392 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.930536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein oxidation in response to radiation results in DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response, cell cycle arrest, cell death and senescence. The liver, a relatively radiosensitive organ, undergoes measurable alterations in metabolic functions following irradiation. Accordingly, we investigated radiation-induced changes in liver metabolism and alterations in protein oxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were sham irradiated or exposed to 8.5 Gy (60)Co (0.6 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Metabolites and metabolic enzymes in the blood and liver tissue were analyzed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and OxyBlot™ were used to detect carbonylated proteins that were then identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Analysis of serum metabolites revealed elevated glucose, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase within 24-72 h post irradiation. Liver tissue LDH and alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated 24-72 h post irradiation. OxyBlotting revealed that the hepatic proteome contains baseline protein carbonylation. Radiation exposure increased carbonylation of specific liver proteins including carbonic anhydrase 1, α-enolase, and regucalcin. CONCLUSIONS 8.5 Gy irradiation resulted in distinct metabolic alterations in hepatic functions. Coincident with these changes, radiation induced the carbonylation of specific liver enzymes. The oxidation of liver enzymes may underlie some radiation-induced alterations in hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barshishat-Kupper
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Day RM, Davis TA, Barshishat-Kupper M, McCart EA, Tipton AJ, Landauer MR. Enhanced hematopoietic protection from radiation by the combination of genistein and captopril. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:348-56. [PMID: 23328620 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is sensitive to radiation injury, and mortality can occur due to blood cell deficiency and stem cell loss. Genistein and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril are two agents shown to protect the hematopoietic system from radiation injury. In this study we examined the combination of genistein with captopril for reduction of radiation-induced mortality from hematopoietic damage and the mechanisms of radiation protection. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 8.25Gy (60)Co total body irradiation (TBI) to evaluate the effects of genistein and captopril alone and in combination on survival, blood cell recovery, hematopoietic progenitor cell recovery, DNA damage, and erythropoietin production. 8.25Gy TBI resulted in 0% survival after 30days in untreated mice. A single subcutaneous injection of genistein administered 24h before TBI resulted in 72% survival. Administration of captopril in the drinking water, from 1h through 30days postirradiation, increased survival to 55%. Genistein plus captopril increased survival to 95%. Enhanced survival was reflected in a reduction of radiation-induced anemia, improved recovery of nucleated bone marrow cells, splenocytes and circulating red blood cells. The drug combination enhanced early recovery of marrow progenitors: erythroid (CFU-E and BFU-E), and myeloid (CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM and CFU-M). Genistein alone and genistein plus captopril protected hematopoietic progenitor cells from radiation-induced micronuclei, while captopril had no effect. Captopril alone and genistein plus captopril, but not genistein alone, suppressed radiation-induced erythropoietin production. These data suggest that genistein and captopril protect the hematopoietic system from radiation injury via independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Davis TA, Landauer MR, Mog SR, Barshishat-Kupper M, Zins SR, Amare MF, Day RM. Response to Moulder et al., “Re: Davis et al., ‘Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation’”. Exp Hematol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barshishat-Kupper M, Mungunsukh O, Tipton AJ, McCart EA, Panganiban RA, Davis TA, Landauer MR, Day RM. Captopril modulates hypoxia-inducible factors and erythropoietin responses in a murine model of total body irradiation. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:293-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Davis TA, Landauer MR, Mog SR, Barshishat-Kupper M, Zins SR, Amare MF, Day RM. Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:270-81. [PMID: 20116413 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoconstrictor, affects the growth and development of hematopoietic cells. Mixed findings have been reported for the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system. We investigated the consequences of different regimens of the ACE inhibitor captopril on radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were either sham-irradiated or exposed to (60)Co total body irradiation (0.6 Gy/min). Captopril was provided in the water for different time periods relative to irradiation. RESULTS In untreated mice, the survival rate from 7.5 Gy was 50% at 30 days postirradiation. Captopril treatment for 7 days prior to irradiation resulted in radiosensitization with 100% lethality and a rapid decline in mature blood cells. In contrast, captopril treatment beginning 1 hour postirradiation and continuing for 30 days resulted in 100% survival, with improved recovery of mature blood cells and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors. In nonirradiated control mice, captopril biphasically modulated Lin(-) marrow progenitor cell cycling. After 2 days, captopril suppressed G(0)-G(1) transition and a greater number of cells entered a quiescent state. However, after 7 days of captopril treatment Lin(-) progenitor cell cycling increased compared to untreated control mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ACE inhibition affects hematopoietic recovery following radiation by modulating the hematopoietic progenitor cell cycle. The timing of captopril treatment relative to radiation exposure differentially affects the viability and repopulation capacity of spared hematopoietic stem cells and, therefore, can result in either radiation protection or radiation sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Davis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Day RM, Barshishat-Kupper M, Mog SR, McCart EA, Prasanna PGS, Davis TA, Landauer MR. Genistein protects against biomarkers of delayed lung sequelae in mice surviving high-dose total body irradiation. J Radiat Res 2008; 49:361-72. [PMID: 18434686 PMCID: PMC2575019 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of genistein on 30-day survival and delayed lung injury were examined in C57BL/6J female mice. A single subcutaneous injection of vehicle (PEG-400) or genistein (200 mg/kg) was administered 24 h before total body irradiation (7.75 Gy (60)Co, 0.6 Gy/min). Experimental groups were: No treatment + Sham (NC), Vehicle + Sham (VC), Genistein + Sham (GC), Radiation only (NR), Vehicle + Radiation (VR), Genistein + Radiation (GR). Thirty-day survivals after 7.75 Gy were: NR 23%, VR 53%, and GR 92%, indicating significant protection from acute radiation injury by genistein. Genistein also mitigated radiation-induced weight loss on days 13-28 postirradiation. First generation lung fibroblasts were analyzed for micronuclei 24 h postirradiation. Fibroblasts from the lungs of GR-treated mice had significantly reduced micronuclei compared with NR mice. Collagen deposition was examined by histochemical staining. At 90 days postirradiation one half of the untreated and vehicle irradiated mice had focal distributions of small collagen-rich plaques in the lungs, whereas all of the genistein-treated animals had morphologically normal lungs. Radiation reduced the expression of COX-2, transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGFbetaR) I and II at 90 days after irradiation. Genistein prevented the reduction in TGFbetaRI. However, by 180 days postirradiation, these proteins normalized in all groups. These results demonstrate that genistein protects against acute radiation-induced mortality in female mice and that GR-treated mice have reduced lung damage compared to NR or VR. These data suggest that genistein is protective against a range of radiation injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Abstract
Dysregulation of Wnt signaling is common in a variety of human malignancies. Activation of the canonical Wnt or beta-catenin pathway has been especially well documented in cancer, although other non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways also have been implicated in neoplasia. In most instances, constitutive signaling through the beta-catenin pathway involves activation of effector molecules or loss of tumor suppressor function downstream of Wnt binding to its cell surface receptors. Nonetheless, in recent years increasing evidence suggests that secreted Wnt antagonists act as tumor suppressors, with their expression often silenced by promoter hypermethylation. This implies that maximal constitutive signaling in cancer requires unimpaired Wnt stimulation at the cell surface as well as enhanced signal propagation within the cell. However, an understanding of the role secreted Wnt antagonists may play in cancer is complicated by the multiplicity of these proteins, their potential Wnt-independent activities and observations indicating that sometimes they may promote tumor growth. Just as the particular function of Wnt signaling in development and homeostasis varies with the setting, the impact of secreted Wnt antagonists on neoplasia depends on the molecular, cellular and tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wang H, Charles PC, Wu Y, Ren R, Pi X, Moser M, Barshishat-Kupper M, Rubin JS, Perou C, Bautch V, Patterson C. Gene expression profile signatures indicate a role for Wnt signaling in endothelial commitment from embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 2006; 98:1331-9. [PMID: 16601226 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000220650.26555.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have used global gene expression analysis to establish a comprehensive list of candidate genes in the developing vasculature during embryonic (ES) cell differentiation in vitro. A large set of genes, including growth factors, cell surface molecules, transcriptional factors, and members of several signal transduction pathways that are known to be involved in vasculogenesis or angiogenesis, were found to have expression patterns as expected. Some unknown or functionally uncharacterized genes were differentially regulated in flk1+ cells compared with flk1- cells, suggesting possible roles for these genes in vascular commitment. Particularly, multiple components of the Wnt signaling pathway were differentially regulated in flk1+ cells, including Wnt proteins, their receptors, downstream transcriptional factors, and other components belonging to this pathway. Activation of the Wnt signal was able to expand vascular progenitor populations whereas suppression of Wnt activity reduced flk1+ populations. Suppression of Wnt signaling also inhibited the formation of matured vascular capillary-like structures during late stages of embryoid body differentiation. These data indicate a requisite and ongoing role for Wnt activity during vascular development, and the gene expression profiles identify candidate components of this pathway that participate in vascular cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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