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Farmakis D, Papingiotis G, Parissis J, Filippatos G. Ups and downs in heart failure: the case of proteomics. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 20:63-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Farmakis
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Georgios Papingiotis
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
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2
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Lam MPY, Ping P, Murphy E. Proteomics Research in Cardiovascular Medicine and Biomarker Discovery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2819-2830. [PMID: 28007144 PMCID: PMC5189682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is a systems physiology discipline to address the large-scale characterization of protein species within a biological system, be it a cell, a tissue, a body biofluid, an organism, or a cohort population. Building on advances from chemical analytical platforms (e.g., mass spectrometry and other technologies), proteomics approaches have contributed powerful applications in cardiovascular biomedicine, most notably in: 1) the discovery of circulating protein biomarkers of heart diseases from plasma samples; and 2) the identification of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular tissues, in both preclinical models and translational studies. Contemporary proteomics investigations offer powerful means to simultaneously examine tens of thousands of proteins in various samples, and understand their molecular phenotypes in health and disease. This concise review introduces study design considerations, example applications and use cases, as well as interpretation and analysis of proteomics data in cardiovascular biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P Y Lam
- NIH BD2K Center of Excellence and Department of Physiology, Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Peipei Ping
- NIH BD2K Center of Excellence and Department of Physiology, Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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3
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Liu R, Kenney JW, Manousopoulou A, Johnston HE, Kamei M, Woelk CH, Xie J, Schwarzer M, Garbis SD, Proud CG. Quantitative Non-canonical Amino Acid Tagging (QuaNCAT) Proteomics Identifies Distinct Patterns of Protein Synthesis Rapidly Induced by Hypertrophic Agents in Cardiomyocytes, Revealing New Aspects of Metabolic Remodeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3170-3189. [PMID: 27512079 PMCID: PMC5054342 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes undergo growth and remodeling in response to specific pathological or physiological conditions. In the former, myocardial growth is a risk factor for cardiac failure and faster protein synthesis is a major factor driving cardiomyocyte growth. Our goal was to quantify the rapid effects of different pro-hypertrophic stimuli on the synthesis of specific proteins in ARVC and to determine whether such effects are caused by alterations on mRNA abundance or the translation of specific mRNAs. Cardiomyocytes have very low rates of protein synthesis, posing a challenging problem in terms of studying changes in the synthesis of specific proteins, which also applies to other nondividing primary cells. To study the rates of accumulation of specific proteins in these cells, we developed an optimized version of the Quantitative Noncanonical Amino acid Tagging LC/MS proteomic method to label and selectively enrich newly synthesized proteins in these primary cells while eliminating the suppressive effects of pre-existing and highly abundant nonisotope-tagged polypeptides. Our data revealed that a classical pathologic (phenylephrine; PE) and the recently identified insulin stimulus that also contributes to the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy (insulin), both increased the synthesis of proteins involved in, e.g. glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation, and sarcomeric components. However, insulin increased synthesis of many metabolic enzymes to a greater extent than PE. Using a novel validation method, we confirmed that synthesis of selected candidates is indeed up-regulated by PE and insulin. Synthesis of all proteins studied was up-regulated by signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 without changes in their mRNA levels, showing the key importance of translational control in the rapid effects of hypertrophic stimuli. Expression of PKM2 was up-regulated in rat hearts following TAC. This isoform possesses specific regulatory properties, so this finding indicates it may be involved in metabolic remodeling and also serve as a novel candidate biomarker. Levels of translation factor eEF1 also increased during TAC, likely contributing to faster cell mass accumulation. Interestingly those two candidates were not up-regulated in pregnancy or exercise induced CH, indicating PKM2 and eEF1 were pathological CH specific markers. We anticipate that the methodologies described here will be valuable for other researchers studying protein synthesis in primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; §South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Justin W Kenney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- From the ‡Center for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; ¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Harvey E Johnston
- From the ‡Center for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; ‖Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Makoto Kamei
- §South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher H Woelk
- ¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jianling Xie
- §South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- **Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- From the ‡Center for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; ¶Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; ‖Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK;
| | - Christopher G Proud
- From the ‡Center for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; §South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
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4
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Morikawa Y, Zhang M, Heallen T, Leach J, Tao G, Xiao Y, Bai Y, Li W, Willerson JT, Martin JF. Actin cytoskeletal remodeling with protrusion formation is essential for heart regeneration in Hippo-deficient mice. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra41. [PMID: 25943351 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart regenerates poorly, and damage commonly leads to heart failure. Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade that regulates organ size during development and prevents adult mammalian cardiomyocyte regeneration by inhibiting the transcriptional coactivator Yap, which also responds to mechanical signaling in cultured cells to promote cell proliferation. To identify Yap target genes that are activated during cardiomyocyte renewal and regeneration, we performed Yap chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and mRNA expression profiling in Hippo signaling-deficient mouse hearts. We found that Yap directly regulated genes encoding cell cycle progression proteins, as well as genes encoding proteins that promote F-actin polymerization and that link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Included in the latter group were components of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, a large molecular complex that, when defective, results in muscular dystrophy in humans. Cardiomyocytes near the scar tissue of injured Hippo signaling-deficient mouse hearts showed cellular protrusions suggestive of cytoskeletal remodeling. The hearts of mdx mutant mice, which lack functional dystrophin and are a model for muscular dystrophy, showed impaired regeneration and cytoskeleton remodeling, but normal cardiomyocyte proliferation, after injury. Our data showed that, in addition to genes encoding cell cycle progression proteins, Yap regulated genes that enhance cytoskeletal remodeling. Thus, blocking the Hippo pathway input to Yap may tip the balance so that Yap responds to mechanical changes associated with heart injury to promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - John Leach
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - James F Martin
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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5
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Lam MPY, Wang D, Lau E, Liem DA, Kim AK, Ng DCM, Liang X, Bleakley BJ, Liu C, Tabaraki JD, Cadeiras M, Wang Y, Deng MC, Ping P. Protein kinetic signatures of the remodeling heart following isoproterenol stimulation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1734-44. [PMID: 24614109 DOI: 10.1172/jci73787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein temporal dynamics play a critical role in time-dimensional pathophysiological processes, including the gradual cardiac remodeling that occurs in early-stage heart failure. Methods for quantitative assessments of protein kinetics are lacking, and despite knowledge gained from single-protein studies, integrative views of the coordinated behavior of multiple proteins in cardiac remodeling are scarce. Here, we developed a workflow that integrates deuterium oxide (2H2O) labeling, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), and custom computational methods to systematically interrogate in vivo protein turnover. Using this workflow, we characterized the in vivo turnover kinetics of 2,964 proteins in a mouse model of β-adrenergic-induced cardiac remodeling. The data provided a quantitative and longitudinal view of cardiac remodeling at the molecular level, revealing widespread kinetic regulations in calcium signaling, metabolism, proteostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics. We translated the workflow to human studies, creating a reference dataset of 496 plasma protein turnover rates from 4 healthy adults. The approach is applicable to short, minimal label enrichment and can be performed on as little as a single biopsy, thereby overcoming critical obstacles to clinical investigations. The protein turnover quantitation experiments and computational workflow described here should be widely applicable to large-scale biomolecular investigations of human disease mechanisms with a temporal perspective.
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Oxidative stress in aging: advances in proteomic approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:573208. [PMID: 24688629 PMCID: PMC3943264 DOI: 10.1155/2014/573208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual, complex process in which cells, tissues, organs, and the whole organism itself deteriorate in a progressive and irreversible manner that, in the majority of cases, implies pathological conditions that affect the individual's Quality of Life (QOL). Although extensive research efforts in recent years have been made, the anticipation of aging and prophylactic or treatment strategies continue to experience major limitations. In this review, the focus is essentially on the compilation of the advances generated by cellular expression profile analysis through proteomics studies (two-dimensional [2D] electrophoresis and mass spectrometry [MS]), which are currently used as an integral approach to study the aging process. Additionally, the relevance of the oxidative stress factors is discussed. Emphasis is placed on postmitotic tissues, such as neuronal, muscular, and red blood cells, which appear to be those most frequently studied with respect to aging. Additionally, models for the study of aging are discussed in a number of organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, senescence-accelerated probe-8 mice (SAMP8), naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), and the beagle canine. Proteomic studies in specific tissues and organisms have revealed the extensive involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in aging.
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Lotz C, Lin AJ, Black CM, Zhang J, Lau E, Deng N, Wang Y, Zong NC, Choi JH, Xu T, Liem DA, Korge P, Weiss JN, Hermjakob H, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ping P. Characterization, design, and function of the mitochondrial proteome: from organs to organisms. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:433-46. [PMID: 24070373 DOI: 10.1021/pr400539j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a common energy source for organs and organisms; their diverse functions are specialized according to the unique phenotypes of their hosting environment. Perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis accompanies significant pathological phenotypes. However, the connections between mitochondrial proteome properties and function remain to be experimentally established on a systematic level. This uncertainty impedes the contextualization and translation of proteomic data to the molecular derivations of mitochondrial diseases. We present a collection of mitochondrial features and functions from four model systems, including two cardiac mitochondrial proteomes from distinct genomes (human and mouse), two unique organ mitochondrial proteomes from identical genetic codons (mouse heart and mouse liver), as well as a relevant metazoan out-group (drosophila). The data, composed of mitochondrial protein abundance and their biochemical activities, capture the core functionalities of these mitochondria. This investigation allowed us to redefine the core mitochondrial proteome from organs and organisms, as well as the relevant contributions from genetic information and hosting milieu. Our study has identified significant enrichment of disease-associated genes and their products. Furthermore, correlational analyses suggest that mitochondrial proteome design is primarily driven by cellular environment. Taken together, these results connect proteome feature with mitochondrial function, providing a prospective resource for mitochondrial pathophysiology and developing novel therapeutic targets in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lotz
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , 675 Charles E. Young Drive, MRL Building, Suite 1609, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Dai DF, Hsieh EJ, Chen T, Menendez LG, Basisty NB, Tsai L, Beyer RP, Crispin DA, Shulman NJ, Szeto HH, Tian R, MacCoss MJ, Rabinovitch PS. Global proteomics and pathway analysis of pressure-overload-induced heart failure and its attenuation by mitochondrial-targeted peptides. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:1067-76. [PMID: 23935006 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the protective effects of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant and protective peptides, Szeto-Schiller (SS) 31 and SS20, on cardiac function, proteomic remodeling, and signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied an improved label-free shotgun proteomics approach to evaluate the global proteomics changes in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure and the associated signaling pathway changes using ingenuity pathway analysis. We found that 538 proteins significantly changed after TAC, which mapped to 53 pathways. The top pathways were in the categories of actin cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, intermediate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle. Concomitant treatment with SS31 ameliorated the congestive heart failure phenotypes and mitochondrial damage induced by TAC, in parallel with global attenuation of mitochondrial proteome changes, with an average of 84% protection of mitochondrial and 69% of nonmitochondrial protein changes. This included significant amelioration of all the ingenuity pathway analysis noted above. SS20 had only modest effects on heart failure and this tracked with only partial attenuation of global proteomics changes; furthermore, actin cytoskeleton pathways were significantly protected in SS20, whereas mitochondrial and metabolic pathways essentially were not. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the signaling pathways significantly changed in pressure-overload-induced heart failure. The global attenuation of TAC-induced proteomic alterations by the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS31 suggests that perturbed mitochondrial function may be an upstream signal to many of the pathway alterations in TAC and supports the potential clinical application of mitochondrial-targeted peptide drugs for the treatment heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Dai
- Departments of Pathology, Genome Sciences, Anesthesiology, Environmental Health and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Chang YW, Chang YT, Wang Q, Lin JJC, Chen YJ, Chen CC. Quantitative phosphoproteomic study of pressure-overloaded mouse heart reveals dynamin-related protein 1 as a modulator of cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3094-107. [PMID: 23882026 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.027649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure-overload stress to the heart causes pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. However, the detailed signaling pathways induced by pressure overload remain unclear. Here we used phosphoproteomics to delineate signaling pathways in the myocardium responding to acute pressure overload and chronic hypertrophy in mice. Myocardial samples at 4 time points (10, 30, 60 min and 2 weeks) after transverse aortic banding (TAB) in mice underwent quantitative phosphoproteomics assay. Temporal phosphoproteomics profiles showed 360 phosphorylation sites with significant regulation after TAB. Multiple mechanical stress sensors were activated after acute pressure overload. Gene ontology analysis revealed differential phosphorylation between hearts with acute pressure overload and chronic hypertrophy. Most interestingly, analysis of the cardiac hypertrophy pathway revealed phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) by prohypertrophic kinases. Phosphorylation of DRP1 S622 was confirmed in TAB-treated mouse hearts and phenylephrine (PE)-treated rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. TAB-treated mouse hearts showed phosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial translocation of DRP1. Inhibition of DRP1 with the small-molecule inhibitor mdivi-1 reduced the TAB-induced hypertrophic responses. Mdivi-1 also prevented PE-induced hypertrophic growth and oxygen consumption in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. We reveal the signaling responses of the heart to pressure stress in vivo and in vitro. DRP1 may be important in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wang Chang
- Molecular Medicine Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Friehs I, Cowan DB, Choi YH, Black KM, Barnett R, Bhasin MK, Daly C, Dillon SJ, Libermann TA, McGowan FX, del Nido PJ, Levitsky S, McCully JD. Pressure-overload hypertrophy of the developing heart reveals activation of divergent gene and protein pathways in the left and right ventricular myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 304:H697-708. [PMID: 23262132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00802.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) myocardium differ in their pathophysiological response to pressure-overload hypertrophy. In this report we use microarray and proteomic analyses to identify pathways modulated by LV-aortic banding (AOB) and RV-pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in the immature heart. Newborn New Zealand White rabbits underwent banding of the descending thoracic aorta [LV-AOB; n = 6]. RV-PAB was achieved by banding the pulmonary artery (n = 6). Controls (n = 6 each) were sham-manipulated. After 4 (LV-AOB) and 6 (RV-PAB) wk recovery, the hearts were removed and matched RNA and proteins samples were isolated for microarray and proteomic analysis. Microarray and proteomic data demonstrate that in LV-AOB there is increased transcript expression levels for oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria energy pathways, actin, ILK, hypoxia, calcium, and protein kinase-A signaling and increased protein expression levels of proteins for cellular macromolecular complex assembly and oxidative phosphorylation. In RV-PAB there is also an increased transcript expression levels for cardiac oxidative phosphorylation but increased protein expression levels for structural constituents of muscle, cardiac muscle tissue development, and calcium handling. These results identify divergent transcript and protein expression profiles in LV-AOB and RV-PAB and provide new insight into the biological basis of ventricular specific hypertrophy. The identification of these pathways should allow for the development of specific therapeutic interventions for targeted treatment and amelioration of LV-AOB and RV-PAB to ameliorate morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Friehs
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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High molecular mass proteomics analyses of left ventricle from rats subjected to differential swimming training. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 12:11. [PMID: 22950628 PMCID: PMC3508799 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-12-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercises are commonly described as an important factor in health improvement, being directly related to contractile force development in cardiac cells.In order to evaluate the links between swimming exercise intensity and cardiac adaptation by using high molecular mass proteomics, isogenic Wistar rats were divided into four groups: one control (CG) and three training groups (TG's), with low, moderate and high intensity of exercises.In order to evaluate the links between swimming exercise intensity and cardiac adaptation by using high molecular mass proteomics, isogenic Wistar rats were divided into four groups: one control (CG) and three training groups (TG's), with low, moderate and high intensity of exercises. RESULTS Findings here reported demonstrated clear morphologic alterations, significant cellular injury and increased energy supplies at high exercise intensities. α-MyHC, as well proteins associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were shown to be improved. α-MyHC expression increase 1.2 fold in high intensity training group when compared with control group. α-MyHC was also evaluated by real-time PCR showing a clear expression correlation with protein synthesis data increase in 8.48 fold in high intensity training group. Other myofibrillar protein, troponin , appear only in high intensity group, corroborating the cellular injury data. High molecular masses proteins such as MRS2 and NADH dehydrogenase, involved in metabolic pathways also demonstrate increase expression, respectily 1.5 and 1.3 fold, in response to high intensity exercise. CONCLUSIONS High intensity exercise demonstrated an increase expression in some high molecular masses myofibrilar proteins, α-MyHC and troponin. Furthermore this intensity also lead a significant increase of other high molecular masses proteins such as MRS2 and NADH dehydrogenase in comparison to low and moderate intensities. However, high intensity exercise also represented a significant degree of cellular injury, when compared with the individuals submitted to low and moderate intensities.
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Schwab K, Neumann B, Vignon-Zellweger N, Fischer A, Stein R, Jungblut PR, Scheler C, Theuring F. Dietary phytoestrogen supplementation induces sex differences in the myocardial protein pattern of mice: A comparative proteomics study. Proteomics 2011; 11:3887-904. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Left ventricular hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding and its prevention by angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan—a proteomic analysis. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:329-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Zhang J, Erikson JM, Lindsey ML. Going Out on a LIM and Cysteine-Rich Domains 1 Limb. Hypertension 2010; 55:231-2. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.142521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex
| | - John M. Erikson
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex
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Grant JE, Bradshaw AD, Schwacke JH, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Schey KL. Quantification of protein expression changes in the aging left ventricle of Rattus norvegicus. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4252-63. [PMID: 19603826 DOI: 10.1021/pr900297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the heart ages, electrophysiological and biochemical changes can occur, and the ventricle in many cases loses distensibility, impairing diastolic function. How the proteomic signature of the aged ventricle is unique in comparison to young hearts is still under active investigation. We have undertaken a quantitative proteomics study of aging left ventricles (LVs) utilizing the isobaric Tagging for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) methodology. Differential protein expression was observed for 117 proteins including proteins involved in cell signaling, the immune response, structural proteins, and proteins mediating responses to oxidative stress. For many of these proteins, this is the first report of an association with the aged myocardium. Additionally, two proteins of unknown function were identified. This work serves as the basis for making future comparisons of the aged left ventricle proteome to that of left ventricles obtained from other models of disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Grant
- The Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 28425, USA
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16
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Li Z, Liu N, Zhang LS, Gong K, Cai Y, Gao W, Liu Z, Liu S, Han Q, Zhang Y. Proteomic profiling reveals comprehensive insights into adrenergic receptor-mediated hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:1407-21. [PMID: 21136960 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial adrenergic receptors (ARs) play important roles in cardiac hypertrophy. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive to date. To gain full insight into how ARs are involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy, protein expression profiling was performed with comparative proteomics approach on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Forty-six proteins were identified as differentially expressed in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by AR stimulation. To better understand the biological significance of the obtained proteomic data, we utilized the ingenuity pathway analysis tool to construct biological networks and analyze function and pathways that might associate with AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Pathway analysis strongly suggested that ROS may be involved in the development of AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy, which was then confirmed by further experimentation. The results showed that a marked increase in ROS production was detected in AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy and blocking of ROS production significantly inhibited AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. We further proved that the ROS production was through NADPH oxidase or the mitochondrial electron transport chain and this ROS accumulation resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 leading to AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. These experimental results support the hypothesis, from the ingenuity pathway analysis, that AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy is associated with the dysregulation of a complicated oxidative stress-regulatory network. In conclusion, our results provide a basis for understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of AR-mediated cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R China
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17
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Spruill LS, McDermott PJ. Role of the 5'-untranslated region in regulating translational efficiency of specific mRNAs in adult cardiocytes. FASEB J 2009; 23:2879-87. [PMID: 19417087 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-128447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that translational efficiency is determined by the amount of secondary structure in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of mRNA. Here, we examined whether specific 5'-UTRs with excessive secondary structure selectively regulate translational efficiency in adult cardiocytes. Recombinant adenoviruses were generated to express reporter mRNAs consisting of the 5'-UTR derived from c-jun or ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) fused to beta-galactosidase (betaGal) coding sequence. Each adenovirus expressed GFP mRNA as a control for 5'-UTRs with minimal secondary structure. Subsequently, cardiocytes were electrically stimulated to contract at 1 Hz to accelerate protein synthesis as compared to quiescent controls. Translational efficiency was calculated by measuring protein expression as a function of mRNA levels. Translational efficiency of c-jun/betaGal mRNA increased significantly by 3.7-fold in contracting vs. quiescent cardiocytes, but ODC/betaGal mRNA was unchanged. Contraction increased c-jun/betaGal mRNA levels in polyribosomes by 2.3-fold, which indicates that translational efficiency was enhanced by mobilization. A short, unstructured 5'-UTR was sufficient for efficient translation of betaGal mRNA in quiescent and contracting cardiocytes. GFP mRNA produced similar results. These studies demonstrate that the 5'-UTR functions as a determinant of translational efficiency of specific mRNAs, such as c-jun, that regulate growth of the adult cardiocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Spruill
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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18
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Johnston RK, Balasubramanian S, Kasiganesan H, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Kuppuswamy D. Beta3 integrin-mediated ubiquitination activates survival signaling during myocardial hypertrophy. FASEB J 2009; 23:2759-71. [PMID: 19364763 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the molecular mechanisms activated in compensatory hypertrophy and absent during decompensation will provide molecular targets for prevention of heart failure. We have previously shown enhanced ubiquitination (Ub) during the early growth period of pressure overload (PO) hypertrophy near intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes, where integrins are important for mechanotransduction. In this study, we tested the role of integrins upstream of Ub, whether enhanced Ub contributes to survival signaling in early PO, and if loss of this mechanism could lead to decreased ventricular function. The study used a beta(3) integrin (-/-) mouse and a wild-type mouse as a control for in vivo PO by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and for cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro, stimulated with the integrin-activating peptide RGD. We demonstrate beta(3) integrin mediates transient Ub of targeted proteins during PO hypertrophy, which is necessary for cardiomyocyte survival and to maintain ventricular function. Prosurvival signaling proceeds by initiation of NF-kappaB transcription of the E3 ligase, cIAP1. In PO beta(3)(-/-) mice, absence of this mechanism correlates with increased TUNEL staining and decreased ventricular mass and function by 4 wk. This is the first study to show that a beta(3) integrin/Ub/NF-kappaB pathway contributes to compensatory hypertrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Johnston
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2221, USA
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19
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Berni R, Savi M, Bocchi L, Delucchi F, Musso E, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Clement S, Stilli D. Modulation of actin isoform expression before the transition from experimental compensated pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy to decompensation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1625-32. [PMID: 19252091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01057.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a rat model of long-lasting pressure-overload hypertrophy, we investigated whether changes in the relative expression of myocardial actin isoforms are among the early signs of ventricular mechanical dysfunction before the transition toward decompensation. Forty-four rats with infrarenal aortic banding (AC rats) were studied. Hemodynamic parameters were measured 1 mo (AC(1) group; n = 20) or 2 mo (AC(2); n = 24) after aortic ligature. Then subgroups of AC(1) and AC(2) left ventricles (LV) were used to evaluate 1) LV anatomy and fibrosis (morphometry), 2) expression levels (immunoblotting) and spatial distribution (immunohistochemistry) of alpha-skeletal actin (alpha-SKA), alpha-cardiac actin (alpha-CA), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and 3) cell mechanics and calcium transients in enzimatically isolated myocytes. Although the two AC groups exhibited a comparable degree of hypertrophy (+30% in LV mass; +20% in myocyte surface) and a similar increase in the amount of fibrosis compared with control animals (C group; n = 22), a worsening of LV mechanical performance was observed only in AC(2) rats at both organ and cellular levels. Conversely, AC(1) rats exhibited enhanced LV contractility and preserved cellular contractile behavior associated with increased calcium transients. Alpha-SKA expression was upregulated (+60%) in AC(1). In AC(2) ventricles, prolonged hypertension also induced a significant increase in alpha-SMA expression, mainly at the level of arterial vessels. No significant differences among groups were observed in alpha-CA expression. Our findings suggest that alpha-SKA expression regulation and wall remodeling of coronary arterioles participate in the development of impaired kinetics of contraction and relaxation in prolonged hypertension before the occurrence of marked histopathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Berni
- Dept. of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Physiology Section, Univ. of Parma, V. le G. P. Usberti 11/A, I-43100, Italy
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20
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Charles RL, Eaton P. Redox signalling in cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:823-36. [PMID: 21136882 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has almost universally and unequivocally been implicated in the pathogenesis of all major diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress in cells and cardiovascular biology was once considered only in terms of injury, disease and dysfunction. However, it is now appreciated that oxidants are also produced in healthy tissues, and they function as signalling molecules transmitting information throughout the cell. Conversely, when cells move to a more reduced state, as can occur when oxygen is limiting, this can also result in alterations in the function of biomolecules and subsequently cells. At the centre of this 'redox signalling' are oxidoreductive chemical reactions involving oxidants or reductants post translationally modifying proteins. These structural alterations allow changes in cellular redox state to be coupled to alterations in cell function. In this review, we consider aspects of redox signalling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the molecular basis of redox sensing by proteins and the array of post-translational oxidative modifications that can occur. In addition, we discuss studies utilising proteomic methods to identify redox-sensitive cardiac proteins, as well as those using this technology more broadly to assess redox signalling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Charles
- King's College London, Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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21
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22
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Dai Q, Escobar GP, Hakala KW, Lambert JM, Weintraub ST, Lindsey ML. The Left Ventricle Proteome Differentiates Middle-Aged and Old Left Ventricles in Mice. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:756-65. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Student Research Stipend Program, and The Janey Briscoe Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - G. Patricia Escobar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Student Research Stipend Program, and The Janey Briscoe Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Kevin W. Hakala
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Student Research Stipend Program, and The Janey Briscoe Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Jessica M. Lambert
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Student Research Stipend Program, and The Janey Briscoe Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Susan T. Weintraub
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Student Research Stipend Program, and The Janey Briscoe Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Student Research Stipend Program, and The Janey Briscoe Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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23
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Gramolini AO, Kislinger T, Alikhani-Koopaei R, Fong V, Thompson NJ, Isserlin R, Sharma P, Oudit GY, Trivieri MG, Fagan A, Kannan A, Higgins DG, Huedig H, Hess G, Arab S, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Frey B, Perry M, Backx PH, Liu PP, MacLennan DH, Emili A. Comparative proteomics profiling of a phospholamban mutant mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy reveals progressive intracellular stress responses. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 7:519-33. [PMID: 18056057 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700245-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective mobilization of Ca2+ by cardiomyocytes can lead to cardiac insufficiency, but the causative mechanisms leading to congestive heart failure (HF) remain unclear. In the present study we performed exhaustive global proteomics surveys of cardiac ventricle isolated from a mouse model of cardiomyopathy overexpressing a phospholamban mutant, R9C (PLN-R9C), and exhibiting impaired Ca2+ handling and death at 24 weeks and compared them with normal control littermates. The relative expression patterns of 6190 high confidence proteins were monitored by shotgun tandem mass spectrometry at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of disease progression. Significant differential abundance of 593 proteins was detected. These proteins mapped to select biological pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cytoskeletal remodeling, and apoptosis and included known biomarkers of HF (e.g. brain natriuretic peptide/atrial natriuretic factor and angiotensin-converting enzyme) and other indicators of presymptomatic functional impairment. These altered proteomic profiles were concordant with cognate mRNA patterns recorded in parallel using high density mRNA microarrays, and top candidates were validated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Mapping of our highest ranked proteins against a human diseased explant and to available data sets indicated that many of these proteins could serve as markers of disease. Indeed we showed that several of these proteins are detectable in mouse and human plasma and display differential abundance in the plasma of diseased mice and affected patients. These results offer a systems-wide perspective of the dynamic maladaptions associated with impaired Ca2+ homeostasis that perturb myocyte function and ultimately converge to cause HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony O Gramolini
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada.
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24
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Bupha-Intr T, Holmes JW, Janssen PML. Induction of hypertrophy in vitro by mechanical loading in adult rabbit myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H3759-67. [PMID: 17933962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01267.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To study myocardial hypertrophy under in vitro conditions, we developed an experimental system and protocol in which mechanical conditions of isolated multicellular myocardium can be controlled while function can be continuously assessed. This in vitro culture system now allows us to investigate how mechanical overload impacts on cardiac hypertrophy in the absence of systemic factors. In this system, small right ventricular rabbit trabeculae were subjected to different modes of mechanical load, while being electrically stimulated to contract at 1 Hz at 37 degrees C. Muscles subjected to prolonged isometric contractions at high, but physiological, pre- and afterload showed a rapid induction of cardiac hypertrophy; overall muscle diameter increased by 4.3 +/- 1.4 and 17.9 +/- 4.0% after 24 and 48 h, respectively. This finding was confirmed at the cellular level; individual myocyte width significantly increased after 24 and 48 h. In muscles subjected to a low preload, or in the absence of afterload, this hypertrophic response was absent. Functionally, after 24 h of isometric contractions at high load, active developed tension had gradually increased to 168 +/- 22% of starting values. Proteomic analysis of this cultured myocardium demonstrated reproducible changes in the protein expression pattern and included an upregulation of myofilament proteins, myosin light chain isoforms, alpha-b crystalline, and breast cancer 1 protein, and a downregulation of myoglobin. We conclude that multicellular myocardium can be stressed to undergo rapid hypertrophy in vitro, and changes in function and protein expression can be investigated during the transition from healthy myocardium to early hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tepmanas Bupha-Intr
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Wu AHB. Early detection of acute coronary syndromes and risk stratification by multimarker analysis. Biomark Med 2007; 1:45-57. [DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponin is the standard biomarker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and risk stratification for short-term adverse cardiac events (death, AMI or need for revascularization). Unfortunately, the concentration of troponin in blood is normal in AMI patients who present early after the onset of symptoms. As such, there is active research being conducted in finding early markers of AMI and risk stratification. Despite years of testing dozens of candidates, no single test has had the necessary clinical sensitivity and specificity for this indication. Therefore, many researchers have advocated multimarker testing. There are two approaches that have been taken for discovering new markers. The proteomic approach involves focusing on the differences in the biochemical signatures between the tissues or biological fluids of normal compared with diseased individuals. Specific biochemical targets are not preselected. The pathophysiologic approach involves combining biomarkers that indicate a particular pathway or event known to be involved in the disease process. In both approaches, some bioinformatic algorithm will be necessary in order to combine the information provided by the individual tests. Representative approaches include the Multimarker Index™, classification and regression tree analysis and neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan HB Wu
- University of California, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Wang Y, Liu L, Hu C, Cheng Y. Effects of Salviae Mitiorrhizae and Cortex Moutan extract on the rat heart after myocardial infarction: a proteomic study. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:415-24. [PMID: 17543891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the therapeutical effects of Salviae Mitiorrhizae (Danshen) and Cortex Moutan (Danpi) extract (SDD) on Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to coronary artery ligation, and applied proteomic approach to investigate its potential mechanism of action. The chemical composition of SDD was investigated by HPLC/MS(n) analysis. Measurement for serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), nitrite and histological study for infarct area of heart were performed. Moreover, protein abundance profiles of myocardium were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and altered proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The results showed SDD significantly decreased CK, CK-MB concentration in serum and infarct area of heart, while increased the release of nitrite in rats with coronary occlusion. Increased concentration of ATP and total adenine nucleotide indicated the energy metabolism has been improved in ischemic heart induced by SDD. Proteomic data revealed that 23 proteins associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress and cytoskeleton were modulated in SDD treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
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27
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Higashiyama H, Sugai M, Inoue H, Mizuyachi K, Kushida H, Asano S, Kinoshita M. Histopathological study of time course changes in inter-renal aortic banding-induced left ventricular hypertrophy of mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2007; 88:31-8. [PMID: 17244336 PMCID: PMC2517284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in response to pressure overload is an important risk factor in cardiac morbidity and mortality. To investigate the time course of histopathological alterations in the LVH in response to pressure overload, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination was performed using the aortic banding-induced mouse LVH model. Five-week-old male CD-1 mice were subjected to the inter-renal aortic banding. Major organs were sampled on 3, 10, 14, 21, 28 or 42 days after banding. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (aSMA), ICAM-1, type I collagen and CD31 was performed and microscopically examined. Three days after aortic banding, acute inflammatory changes, such as macrophages/neutrophil infiltration and vascular wall injury were observed on/around the coronary arteries/arterioles of both ventricles. Intense ICAM-1 immunostaining was observed on the endothelium of the coronary arteries/arterioles. After day 10, vascular wall thickening and perivascular fibrosis was induced on the coronary arteries/arterioles. Immunohistochemistry for aSMA and PCNA demonstrated the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in the media. After day 28, minimal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed at the light microscope level. In the inter-renal aortic banding LVH model, histopathological alterations in early phase were mainly observed on coronary arteries/arterioles. These early phase alterations were thought to be hypertension-related changes in the coronary vasculatures. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy observed in later phase was minimal at the light microscope level. These evidences would facilitate the understanding of pathophysiology of pressure overload LVH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Valve Stenosis
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Coronary Vessels/immunology
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Hypertrophy
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/immunology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Kidney/pathology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Higashiyama
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline KK, Ibaraki, Japan
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28
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Cox J, Jackson AP, Bond J, Woods CG. What primary microcephaly can tell us about brain growth. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12:358-66. [PMID: 16829198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neuro-developmental disorder that causes a great reduction in brain growth in utero. MCPH is hypothesized to be a primary disorder of neurogenic mitosis, leading to reduced neuron number. Hence, MCPH proteins are likely to be important components of cellular pathways regulating human brain size. At least six genes can cause this disorder and four of these have recently been identified: autosomal recessive primary microcephaly 1 (MCPH1), abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated (ASPM), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) and centromere protein J (CENPJ). Whereas aberration of ASPM is the most common cause of MCPH, MCPH1 patients can be more readily diagnosed by the finding of increased numbers of "prophase-like cells" on routine cytogenetic investigation. Three MCPH proteins are centrosomal components but have apparently diverse roles that affect mitosis. There is accumulating evidence that evolutionary changes to the MCPH genes have contributed to the large brain size seen in primates, particularly humans. The aim of this article is to review what has been learnt about the rare condition primary microcephaly and the information this provides about normal brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cox
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, CB2 2XY Cambridge, UK
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