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Sorsdahl K, Stein DJ, Pasche S, Jacobs Y, Kader R, Odlaug B, Richter S, Myers B, Grant JE. A novel brief treatment for methamphetamine use disorders in South Africa: a randomised feasibility trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16:3. [PMID: 33413631 PMCID: PMC7791768 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-020-00209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective brief treatments for methamphetamine use disorders (MAUD) are urgently needed to complement longer more intensive treatments in low and middle income countries, including South Africa. To address this gap, the purpose of this randomised feasibility trial was to determine the feasibility of delivering a six-session blended imaginal desensitisation, plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) intervention for adults with a MAUD. Methods We enrolled 60 adults with a MAUD and randomly assigned them 1:1 to the IDMI intervention delivered by clinical psychologists and a control group who we referred to usual care. Feasibility measures, such as rates of recruitment, consent to participate in the trial and retention, were calculated. Follow-up interviews were conducted at 6 weeks and 3 months post-enrollment. Results Over 9 months, 278 potential particiants initiated contact. Following initial screening 78 (28%) met inclusion criteria, and 60 (77%) were randomised. Thirteen of the 30 participants assigned to the treatment group completed the intervention. Both psychologists were highly adherent to the intervention, obtaining a fidelity rating of 91%. In total, 39 (65%) participants completed the 6-week follow-up and 40 (67%) completed the 3-month follow-up. The intervention shows potential effectiveness in the intention-to-treat analysis where frequency of methamphetamine use was significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group at both the 6 week and 3-month endpoints. No adverse outcomes were reported. Conclusions This feasibility trial suggests that the locally adapted IDMI intervention is an acceptable and safe intervention as a brief treatment for MAUD in South Africa. Modifications to the study design should be considered in a fully powered, definitive controlled trial to assess this potentially effective intervention. Trial registration The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: PACTR201310000589295)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Rd., Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Pasche
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Y Jacobs
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Rd., Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.,Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Kader
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Odlaug
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Richter
- Professional Data Analysts, Minneapolis, United States
| | - B Myers
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Kelly L, Myracle AD, Grant JE. Get Out of Your Shell: Protein Extraction from Carcinus maenas. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stevens R, Myracle AD, Grant JE. Optimizing Extraction of Proteins from Carcinus Maenus After Removal of Low‐Molecular Weight Chitins. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Johnson H, Myracle AD, Grant JE. Use of Ion Exchange and Lectin Chromatograpy To Fractionate Proteins from Carcinus maenus. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Junaidi N, Grant JE. Towards Extraction of Proteins from the Shells of
Dreissena polymorpha. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.471.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Junaidi
- Applied Science ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐StoutMenomonieWI
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Wrobel N, Dachel G, Shipman R, Myracle AD, Grant JE. Optimization of Protein Extraction and Identification from the European Green Crab. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.471.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal Wrobel
- Applied Science ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐StoutMenomonieWI
| | - Gabriel Dachel
- Applied Science ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐StoutMenomonieWI
| | - Richard Shipman
- Applied Science ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐StoutMenomonieWI
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Freiermuth M, Grant JE. Optimization of Shell Grinding Techinques for Purification of Proteins from Zebra Mussel Shells. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.471.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fineberg NA, Demetrovics Z, Stein DJ, Ioannidis K, Potenza MN, Grünblatt E, Brand M, Billieux J, Carmi L, King DL, Grant JE, Yücel M, Dell'Osso B, Rumpf HJ, Hall N, Hollander E, Goudriaan A, Menchon J, Zohar J, Burkauskas J, Martinotti G, Van Ameringen M, Corazza O, Pallanti S, Chamberlain SR. Manifesto for a European research network into Problematic Usage of the Internet. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1232-1246. [PMID: 30509450 PMCID: PMC6276981 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Internet is now all-pervasive across much of the globe. While it has positive uses (e.g. prompt access to information, rapid news dissemination), many individuals develop Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI), an umbrella term incorporating a range of repetitive impairing behaviours. The Internet can act as a conduit for, and may contribute to, functionally impairing behaviours including excessive and compulsive video gaming, compulsive sexual behaviour, buying, gambling, streaming or social networks use. There is growing public and National health authority concern about the health and societal costs of PUI across the lifespan. Gaming Disorder is being considered for inclusion as a mental disorder in diagnostic classification systems, and was listed in the ICD-11 version released for consideration by Member States (http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/revision/timeline/en/). More research is needed into disorder definitions, validation of clinical tools, prevalence, clinical parameters, brain-based biology, socio-health-economic impact, and empirically validated intervention and policy approaches. Potential cultural differences in the magnitudes and natures of types and patterns of PUI need to be better understood, to inform optimal health policy and service development. To this end, the EU under Horizon 2020 has launched a new four-year European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Programme (CA 16207), bringing together scientists and clinicians from across the fields of impulsive, compulsive, and addictive disorders, to advance networked interdisciplinary research into PUI across Europe and beyond, ultimately seeking to inform regulatory policies and clinical practice. This paper describes nine critical and achievable research priorities identified by the Network, needed in order to advance understanding of PUI, with a view towards identifying vulnerable individuals for early intervention. The network shall enable collaborative research networks, shared multinational databases, multicentre studies and joint publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Rosanne House, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL8 6HG, UK; Center for Clinical & Health Research Services, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Z Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the University of Cape Town and South African MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M N Potenza
- Connecticut Mental Health Center and Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
| | - E Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Department of Computer Science and Applied Cognitive Science Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - J Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Carmi
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D L King
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - M Yücel
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Dell'Osso
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda and CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for neurotechnology and experimental brain therapeutics, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - H J Rumpf
- University of Lübeck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, Lübeck, Germany
| | - N Hall
- Center for Clinical & Health Research Services, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - E Hollander
- Department of Psychiatry and Compulsive, Impulsive and Autism Spectrum Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academisch Medisch Centrum (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Menchon
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University, Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Cibersam, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Zohar
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, and Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - G Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Science, University G.d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Corazza
- Center for Clinical & Health Research Services, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - S Pallanti
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA; University of Florence, Italy
| | - S R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Richter R, Lee EJ, Grant JE. Optimization of Extraction and Isolation of Proteins from Eggshells. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.530.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Richter
- Applied Science ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐StoutMenomonieWI
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of Wisconsin‐StoutMenomonieWI
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Thompson KA, Grant JE. Towards Visualizing Citrullinated Proteins in SDS‐PAGE Gels Using Phenylglyoxal‐Based Chemistries. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.791.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grant JE, Lutz C, Huffman D. Understanding Curriculum Effectiveness and the Student Experience in a Modular Undergraduate Laboratory Experience Integrating Research and MALDI‐TOF MS. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.663.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Lutz
- Department of ChemistryAnoka‐Ramsey Community CollegeCoon RapidsMN
| | - Douglas Huffman
- Department of Curriculum & TeachingUniversity of KansasLawrenceKS
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Shipman RD, Quelle BG, Grant JE, Lee EJ. Development of an Immersion Model for Tooth Decay Observed via Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.800.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionUniversity of Wisconsin StoutMenomonieWI
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Olson JS, Lubner JM, Meyer DJ, Grant JE. An in silico analysis of primary and secondary structure specificity determinants for human peptidylarginine deiminase types 2 and 4. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 70:107-115. [PMID: 28850877 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human peptidylarginine deiminases (hPADs) are a family of five calcium-dependent enzymes that facilitate citrullination, which is the post-translational modification of peptidyl arginine to peptidyl citrulline. The isozymes hPAD2 and hPAD4 have been implicated in the development and progression of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. To better characterize the primary and secondary structure determinants of citrullination specificity, we mined the literature for protein sequences susceptible to citrullination by hPAD2 or hPAD4. First, protein secondary structure classification (α-helix, β-sheet, or coil) was predicted using the PSIPRED software. Next, we used motif-x and pLogo to extract and visualize statistically significant motifs within each data set. Within the data sets of peptides predicted to lie in coil regions, both hPAD2 and hPAD4 appear to favor citrullination of glycine-containing motifs, while distinct hydrophobic motifs were identified for hPAD2 citrullination sites predicted to reside within α-helical and β-sheet regions. Additionally, we identified potential substrate overlap between coil region citrullination and arginine methylation. Together, these results confirm the importance and offer some insight into the role of secondary structure elements for citrullination specificity, and provide biological context for the existing hPAD specificity and arginine post-translational modification literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Olson
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Stout, 410 10th Avenue E., Menomonie, WI 54751, United States
| | - Joshua M Lubner
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Dylan J Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Stout, 410 10th Avenue E., Menomonie, WI 54751, United States
| | - Jennifer E Grant
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Stout, 410 10th Avenue E., Menomonie, WI 54751, United States.
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Leppink EW, Chamberlain SR, Redden SA, Grant JE. Problematic sexual behavior in young adults: Associations across clinical, behavioral, and neurocognitive variables. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:230-235. [PMID: 27723520 PMCID: PMC5330407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A notable number of young adults struggle to control impulsive behavior, resulting in impairment and distress. Assessments of problematic sexual behavior (PSB) have noted clinical differences relative to other populations, but neurocognitive findings have varied. This analysis assesses the clinical presentation and neurocognitive profile of patients with PSB relative to participants without PSB symptoms. A total of 492 participants (18-29) were recruited for a study on impulsivity in young adults. Participants completed diagnostic, self-report, and neurocognitive measures which assessed several cognitive domains. PSB was defined as endorsing fantasies, urges, or sexual behavior that felt out of control or was causing distress. In the sample, 54 (11%) participants reported current PSB. This group was older, reported earlier sexual experiences and alcohol use, and lower quality of life and self-esteem. Comorbidity was greater in the PSB group, particularly for depression and alcohol dependence. The PSB group also showed differences in impulsivity, decision making, spatial working memory, problem solving, and emotional dysregulation. Results suggest associations between PSB psychosocial dysfunction, greater comorbidity, and neurocognitive differences. These associations suggest a more salient impact than typical sexual behavior. Furthermore, this study demonstrated several neurocognitive deficits in the PSB group which have found more mixed support previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- EW Leppink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago
| | | | - SA Redden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago
| | - JE Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago,corresponding author
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Stein DJ, Kogan CS, Atmaca M, Fineberg NA, Fontenelle LF, Grant JE, Matsunaga H, Reddy YCJ, Simpson HB, Thomsen PH, van den Heuvel OA, Veale D, Woods DW, Reed GM. The classification of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the ICD-11. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:663-674. [PMID: 26590514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To present the rationale for the new Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRD) grouping in the Mental and Behavioural Disorders chapter of the Eleventh Revision of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11), including the conceptualization and essential features of disorders in this grouping. METHODS Review of the recommendations of the ICD-11 Working Group on the Classification for OCRD. These sought to maximize clinical utility, global applicability, and scientific validity. RESULTS The rationale for the grouping is based on common clinical features of included disorders including repetitive unwanted thoughts and associated behaviours, and is supported by emerging evidence from imaging, neurochemical, and genetic studies. The proposed grouping includes obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, olfactory reference disorder, and hoarding disorder. Body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders, including trichotillomania and excoriation disorder are also included. Tourette disorder, a neurological disorder in ICD-11, and personality disorder with anankastic features, a personality disorder in ICD-11, are recommended for cross-referencing. LIMITATIONS Alternative nosological conceptualizations have been described in the literature and have some merit and empirical basis. Further work is needed to determine whether the proposed ICD-11 OCRD grouping and diagnostic guidelines are mostly likely to achieve the goals of maximizing clinical utility and global applicability. CONCLUSION It is anticipated that creation of an OCRD grouping will contribute to accurate identification and appropriate treatment of affected patients as well as research efforts aimed at improving our understanding of the prevalence, assessment, and management of its constituent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - C S Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - N A Fineberg
- Highly Specialized Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders Service, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Rosanne House, Welwyn Garden City, UK; Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - L F Fontenelle
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; "D'Or' Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Matsunaga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya Hyogo, Japan
| | - Y C J Reddy
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - H B Simpson
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Anxiety Disorders Clinic and the Center for OCD and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - P H Thomsen
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Center for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D W Woods
- Psychology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - G M Reed
- Department of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, DF, Mexico; National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico, DF, Mexico; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on health correlates in gamblers has found an association between gambling and obesity. The neurocognitive underpinnings of impulsivity may be useful targets for understanding and ultimately treating individuals with both gambling and obesity problems. METHOD 207 non-treatment seeking young adults (18-29 years) with subsyndromal gambling disorder were recruited from the community. Subjects were grouped according to weight ('normal weight' BMI<25, 'overweight' BMI≥25; or 'obese' BMI≥30). Measures relating to gambling behaviour and objective computerized neurocognitive measures were collected. RESULTS Of the 207 subjects, 22 (10.6%) were obese and 49 (23.7%) were overweight. The obese gamblers consumed more nicotine (packs per day equivalent) and reported losing more money per week to gambling. Obese gamblers exhibited significant impairments in terms of reaction times for go trials on the stop-signal test (SST), quality of decision making and risk adjustment on the Cambridge Gamble Test (CGT), and sustained attention on the rapid visual information processing task (RVP). CONCLUSION Obesity was associated with decision making and sustained attention impairments in gamblers, along with greater monetary loss due to gambling. Future work should use longitudinal designs to examine the temporal relationship between these deficits, weight, other impulsive behaviour, and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR, Kim SW, Schreiber LRN, Grant JE. A neurocognitive comparison of cognitive flexibility and response inhibition in gamblers with varying degrees of clinical severity. Psychol Med 2011; 41:2111-2119. [PMID: 21426627 PMCID: PMC3381334 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a behavioral addiction with clinical and phenomenological similarities to substance addiction, recreational and pathological gambling represent models for studying the neurobiology of addiction, without the confounding deleterious brain effects which may occur from chronic substance abuse. METHOD A community sample of individuals aged 18-65 years who gamble was solicited through newspaper advertising. Subjects were grouped a priori into three groups (no-risk, at-risk, and pathological gamblers) based on a diagnostic interview. All subjects underwent a psychiatric clinical interview and neurocognitive tests assessing motor impulsivity and cognitive flexibility. Subjects with a current axis I disorder, history of brain injury/trauma, or implementation or dose changes of psychoactive medication within 6 weeks of study enrollment were excluded. RESULTS A total of 135 no-risk, 69 at-risk and 46 pathological gambling subjects were assessed. Pathological gamblers were significantly older, and exhibited significant deficiencies in motor impulse control (stop-signal reaction times), response speed (median 'go' trial response latency) and cognitive flexibility [total intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional (IDED) errors] versus controls. The finding of impaired impulse control and cognitive flexibility was robust in an age-matched subgroup analysis of pathological gamblers. The no-risk and at-risk gambling groups did not significantly differ from each other on task performance. CONCLUSIONS Impaired response inhibition and cognitive flexibility exist in people with pathological gambling compared with no-risk and at-risk gamblers. The early identification of such illness in adolescence or young adulthood may aid in the prevention of addiction onset of such disabling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Odlaug
- Department of Psychiatry, Ambulatory Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Katerberg H, Delucchi KL, Stewart SE, Lochner C, Denys DAJP, Stack DE, Andresen JM, Grant JE, Kim SW, Williams KA, den Boer JA, van Balkom AJLM, Smit JH, van Oppen P, Polman A, Jenike MA, Stein DJ, Mathews CA, Cath DC. Symptom dimensions in OCD: item-level factor analysis and heritability estimates. Behav Genet 2010; 40:505-17. [PMID: 20361247 PMCID: PMC2886912 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the phenotypic heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for genetic, clinical and translational studies, numerous factor analyses of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale checklist (YBOCS-CL) have been conducted. Results of these analyses have been inconsistent, likely as a consequence of small sample sizes and variable methodologies. Furthermore, data concerning the heritability of the factors are limited. Item and category-level factor analyses of YBOCS-CL items from 1224 OCD subjects were followed by heritability analyses in 52 OCD-affected multigenerational families. Item-level analyses indicated that a five factor model: (1) taboo, (2) contamination/cleaning, (3) doubts, (4) superstitions/rituals, and (5) symmetry/hoarding provided the best fit, followed by a one-factor solution. All 5 factors as well as the one-factor solution were found to be heritable. Bivariate analyses indicated that the taboo and doubts factor, and the contamination and symmetry/hoarding factor share genetic influences. Contamination and symmetry/hoarding show shared genetic variance with symptom severity. Nearly all factors showed shared environmental variance with each other and with symptom severity. These results support the utility of both OCD diagnosis and symptom dimensions in genetic research and clinical contexts. Both shared and unique genetic influences underlie susceptibility to OCD and its symptom dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilga Katerberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Grant JE, Bradshaw AD, Schwacke JH, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Schey KL. Quantification of protein expression changes in the aging left ventricle of Rattus norvegicus. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4252-63. [PMID: 19603826 DOI: 10.1021/pr900297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the heart ages, electrophysiological and biochemical changes can occur, and the ventricle in many cases loses distensibility, impairing diastolic function. How the proteomic signature of the aged ventricle is unique in comparison to young hearts is still under active investigation. We have undertaken a quantitative proteomics study of aging left ventricles (LVs) utilizing the isobaric Tagging for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) methodology. Differential protein expression was observed for 117 proteins including proteins involved in cell signaling, the immune response, structural proteins, and proteins mediating responses to oxidative stress. For many of these proteins, this is the first report of an association with the aged myocardium. Additionally, two proteins of unknown function were identified. This work serves as the basis for making future comparisons of the aged left ventricle proteome to that of left ventricles obtained from other models of disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Grant
- The Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 28425, USA
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Liu T, Donahue KC, Hu J, Kurnellas MP, Grant JE, Li H, Elkabes S. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by proteomic analysis of the spinal cord. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2565-75. [PMID: 17571869 PMCID: PMC2430926 DOI: 10.1021/pr070012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify novel targets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The expression of 41 proteins was significantly altered in the inflamed spinal cord. Twenty of these are implicated in EAE for the first time and many have previously been shown to play a role in antigen processing, inflammation, neuroprotection, or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Grant JE, Hu J, Liu T, Jain MR, Elkabes S, Li H. Post-translational modifications in the rat lumbar spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2786-91. [PMID: 17567059 PMCID: PMC2435290 DOI: 10.1021/pr070013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in protein methylation, citrullination, and phosphorylation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rodent model of multiple sclerosis, were evaluated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification analysis of peptides produced from normal and diseased rat lumbar spinal cords. We observed alterations in the post-translational modification of key proteins regulating signal transduction and axonal integrity. Dephosphorylation of discrete serine residues within the neurofilament heavy subunit C-terminus was observed. We report for the first time elevated citrullination of Arg27 in glial fibrillary acidic protein, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Grant
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Geiser AH, Sievert MK, Guo LW, Grant JE, Krebs MP, Fotiadis D, Engel A, Ruoho AE. Bacteriorhodopsin chimeras containing the third cytoplasmic loop of bovine rhodopsin activate transducin for GTP/GDP exchange. Protein Sci 2006; 15:1679-90. [PMID: 16815918 PMCID: PMC2265101 DOI: 10.1110/ps.062192306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate G-proteins are not well understood due to the lack of atomic structures of GPCRs in an active form or in GPCR/G-protein complexes. For study of GPCR/G-protein interactions, we have generated a series of chimeras by replacing the third cytoplasmic loop of a scaffold protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR) with various lengths of cytoplasmic loop 3 of bovine rhodopsin (Rh), and one such chimera containing loop 3 of the human beta2-adrenergic receptor. The chimeras expressed in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum formed purple membrane lattices thus facilitating robust protein purification. Retinal was correctly incorporated into the chimeras, as determined by spectrophotometry. A 2D crystal (lattice) was evidenced by circular dichroism analysis, and proper organization of homotrimers formed by the bR/Rh loop 3 chimera Rh3C was clearly illustrated by atomic force microscopy. Most interestingly, Rh3C (and Rh3G to a lesser extent) was functional in activation of GTPgamma35S/GDP exchange of the transducin alpha subunit (Galphat) at a level 3.5-fold higher than the basal exchange. This activation was inhibited by GDP and by a high-affinity peptide analog of the Galphat C terminus, indicating specificity in the exchange reaction. Furthermore, a specific physical interaction between the chimera Rh3C loop 3 and the Galphat C terminus was demonstrated by cocentrifugation of transducin with Rh3C. This Galphat-activating bR/Rh chimera is highly likely to be a useful tool for studying GPCR/G-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Geiser
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706, USA
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Wang H, Grant JE, Doede CM, Sadayappan S, Robbins J, Walker JW. PKC-betaII sensitizes cardiac myofilaments to Ca2+ by phosphorylating troponin I on threonine-144. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 41:823-33. [PMID: 17010989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular myocytes express Galphaq-coupled receptors that can mediate enhanced contractility by increasing the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca(2+). The precise mechanisms underlying this change have been difficult to define, in part because myofilament regulatory proteins contain multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), with potentially opposing effects. MLCK increases whereas PKC and PKA have a strong tendency to decrease myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity in myocardium. Here we show in mouse cardiac myocytes that PKC-betaII can increase Ca(2+) sensitivity of tension by a similar magnitude to MLCK but via a distinct mechanism. For PKC-betaII (32)P-incorporation occurred primarily into cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and functional effects were highly dependent upon mutations in phosphorylation sites of cTnI. Replacement of serines-23/24 (PKA sites) with alanine prevented cross-phosphorylation of these sites, reduced (32)P-incorporation into cTnI by half and resulted in myofilament Ca(2+) sensitization rather than desensitization in response to PKC-betaII. Replacement of three additional sites on cTnI, serines-43/45 and threonine-144, eliminated PKC-betaII-mediated Ca(2+) sensitization and the remaining (32)P-incorporation into cTnI. A preference for PKC-betaII phosphorylation of threonine-144 in the intact filament lattice was revealed by differential stable isotope labeling and supported by an analysis of peptide phosphorylation. The results suggest that threonine-144 within the critical inhibitory domain of cTnI represents a novel site of regulation of myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity by PKC-betaII, with possible implications for chronically stressed or diseased hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Guo LW, Assadi-Porter FM, Grant JE, Wu H, Markley JL, Ruoho AE. One-step purification of bacterially expressed recombinant transducin alpha-subunit and isotopically labeled PDE6 gamma-subunit for NMR analysis. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 51:187-97. [PMID: 16938469 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the transducin alpha-subunit (Galpha(t)) and the cGMP phosphodiesterase gamma-subunit (PDEgamma) are critical not only for turn-on but also turn-off of vertebrate visual signal transduction. Elucidation of the signaling mechanisms dominated by these interactions has been restrained by the lack of atomic structures for full-length Galpha(t)/PDEgamma complexes, in particular, the signaling-state complex represented by Galpha(t).GTPgammaS/PDEgamma. As a preliminary step in our effort for NMR structural analysis of Galpha(t)/PDEgamma interactions, we have developed efficient protocols for the large-scale production of recombinant Galpha(t) (rGalpha(t)) and homogeneous and functional isotopically labeled PDEgamma from Escherichia coli cells. One-step purification of rGalpha(t) was achieved through cobalt affinity chromatography in the presence of glycerol, which effectively removed the molecular chaperone DnaK that otherwise persistently co-purified with rGalpha(t). The purified rGalpha(t) was found to be functional in GTPgammaS/GDP exchange upon activation of rhodopsin and was used to form a signaling-state complex with labeled PDEgamma, rGalpha(t). GTPgammaS/[U-13C,15N]PDEgamma. The labeled PDEgamma sample yielded a well-resolved 1H-15N HSQC spectrum. The methods described here for large-scale production of homogeneous and functional rGalpha(t) and isotope-labeled PDEgamma should support further NMR structural analysis of the rGalpha(t)/PDEgamma complexes. In addition, our protocol for removing the co-purifying DnaK contaminant may be of general utility in purifying E. coli-expressed recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Grant JE, Guo LW, Vestling MM, Martemyanov KA, Arshavsky VY, Ruoho AE. The N terminus of GTP gamma S-activated transducin alpha-subunit interacts with the C terminus of the cGMP phosphodiesterase gamma-subunit. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:6194-202. [PMID: 16407279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509511200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of G-protein signaling in the phototransduction cascade ensures the high temporal resolution of vision. In a key step, the activated alpha-subunit of transducin (Galphat-GTP) activates the cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) by binding the inhibitory gamma-subunit (PDEgamma). Significant progress in understanding the interaction between Galphat and PDEgamma was achieved by solving the crystal structure of the PDEgamma C-terminal peptide bound to Galphat in the transition state for GTP hydrolysis (Slep, K. C., Kercher, M. A., He, W., Cowan, C. W., Wensel, T. G., and Sigler, P. B. (2001) Nature 409, 1071-1077). However, some of the structural elements of each molecule were absent in the crystal structure. We have probed the binding surface between the PDEgamma C terminus and activated Galphat bound to guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate (GTPgammaS) using a series of full-length PDEgamma photoprobes generated by intein-mediated expressed protein ligation. For each of seven PDEgamma photoprobe species, expressed protein ligation allowed one benzoyl-L-phenylalaine substitution at selected hydrophobic C-terminal positions, and the addition of a biotin affinity tag at the extreme C terminus. We have detected photocross-linking from several PDEgamma C-terminal positions to the Galphat-GTPgammaS N terminus, particularly from PDEgamma residue 73. The overall percentage of cross-linking to the Galphat-GTPgammaSN terminus was analyzed using a far Western method for examining Galphat-GTPgammaS proteolytic digestion patterns. Furthermore, mass spectrometric analysis of cross-links to Galphat from a benzoyl-phenylalanine replacement at PDEgamma position 86 localized the region of photoinsertion to Galphat N-terminal residues Galphat-(22-26). This novel Galphat/PDEgamma interaction suggests that the transducin N terminus plays an active role in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, 53706, USA
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Guo LW, Grant JE, Hajipour AR, Muradov H, Arbabian M, Artemyev NO, Ruoho AE. Asymmetric interaction between rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase gamma subunits and alphabeta subunits. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12585-92. [PMID: 15668239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410380200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rod phosphodiesterase (PDE6) is the central effector enzyme in vertebrate visual transduction. Holo-PDE6 consists of two similar catalytic subunits (Palphabeta) and two identical inhibitory subunits (Pgamma). Palphabeta is the only heterodimer in the PDE superfamily, yet its significance for the function of PDE6 is poorly understood. An unequal interaction of Pgamma with Pbeta as compared with Palpha in the PDE6 complex has not been reported. We investigated the interaction interface between full-length Pgamma and Palphabeta, by differentiating Pgamma interaction with each individual Palphabeta subunit through radiolabel transfer from various positions throughout the entire Pgamma molecule. The efficiency of radiolabel transfer indicates that the close vicinity of serine 40 on Pgamma makes a major contribution to the interaction with Palphabeta. In addition, a striking asymmetry of interaction between the Pgamma polycationic region and the Palphabeta subunits was observed when the stoichiometry of Pgamma versus the Palphabeta dimer was below 2. Preferential photolabeling on Pbeta from Pgamma position 40 and on Palpha from position 30 increased while lowering the Pgamma/Palphabeta ratio, but diminished when the Pgamma/Palphabeta ratio was over 2. Our finding leads to the conclusion that two classes of Pgamma binding sites exist on Palphabeta, each composed of GAF domains in both Palpha and Pbeta, differing from the conventional models suggesting that each Pgamma binds only one of the Palphabeta catalytic subunits. This new model leads to insight into how the unique Palphabeta heterodimer contributes to the sophisticated regulation in visual transduction through interaction with Pgamma.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/chemistry
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Animals
- Biotin/chemistry
- Blotting, Western
- Catalysis
- Catalytic Domain
- Cattle
- Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6
- Cysteine/chemistry
- Dimerization
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Eye Proteins
- Light
- Mass Spectrometry
- Models, Biological
- Models, Chemical
- Peptides/chemistry
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/chemistry
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/enzymology
- Serine/chemistry
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Vision, Ocular
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Grant JE, Cooper PA, Dale TM. Transgenic Pinus radiata from Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:894-902. [PMID: 14986058 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Pinus radiata cotyledon explants was developed using commercially available open-pollinated seed. Pinus radiata is the most widely planted commercial conifer species in the Southern Hemisphere. Reports on transformation of this species have relied on particle bombardment of embryogenic callus derived from immature embryos. The main drawback to the method is the small number of genotypes that are amenable to transformation and regeneration. Since more than 80% of genotypes of radiata pine can be regenerated using cotyledons from mature seed, cotyledon explants were cocultivated with A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 containing a plasmid coding for the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene and the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA). Transformed shoots were selected using either geneticin or kanamycin. Critical factors for successful transformation were survival of the cotyledons after cocultivation and selection parameters. Of the 105 putative transformants that were recovered from selection media, 70% were positive for integration of the nptII gene when analysed by PCR. GUS histochemical assay for uidA expression was unreliable because of reaction inhibition by unidentified compounds in the pine needles. Further, only 4 of the 26 independent transformants characterised by PCR and Southern analysis contained an intact copy of both genes. The remaining 22 transformants appeared to have a truncated or rearranged copy of the T-DNA. It is possible that the truncation/rearrangements are due to the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Analysis of the T-DNA junction sites and sequencing of the introduced DNA will help elucidate the nature of T-DNA insertion so that genetic modification of radiata pine can be targeted effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of impulse control disorders among pathological gamblers and examine the relationship of comorbidity to gambling severity. METHOD Ninety-six adult pathological gamblers [mean age: 46.7 +/- 11.0 years; female: 44 (45.8%)] completed the following: Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling, and Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale. RESULTS Twenty-two subjects (22.9%) reported a comorbid impulse control disorder, most commonly compulsive sexual behaviour and compulsive buying. Subjects with comorbidity reported significantly greater intensity of urges (t = -2.021; df = 94; P = 0.046) and thoughts (t = -2.147; df = 42.3; P = 0.038) related to gambling, and greater interference (t = -3.913; df = 48.1; P < 0.001) and distress (t = -2.504; df = 52.7; P = 0.015) secondary to gambling urges and thoughts. CONCLUSION Impulse control disorders appear common among pathological gamblers and are associated with more severe gambling symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1495, USA.
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Grant JE, Thomson LMJ, Pither-Joyce MD, Dale TM, Cooper PA. Influence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain on the production of transgenic peas ( Pisum sativum L.). Plant Cell Rep 2003; 21:1207-10. [PMID: 12819922 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2002] [Revised: 04/04/2003] [Accepted: 04/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We compared the efficiency of two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, AGL 1 and KYRT1, for producing transgenic pea plants. KYRT1 is a disarmed strain of Chry5 that has been shown to be highly tumourigenic on soybean. The efficacies of the strains were compared using cotyledon explants from three pea genotypes and two plasmids. The peas were sourced from field-grown plants over three Southern Hemisphere summer seasons. Overall, KYRT1 was found to be on average threefold more efficient than AGL 1 for producing transgenic plants. We suggest that KYRT1 is sensitive to cocultivation temperature as the expected increase in efficiency was not achieved at high laboratory temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Although there is no universally accepted definition of compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB), the term is generally used to indicate excessive sexual behaviour or sexual cognitions that lead to subjective distress, social or occupational impairment, or legal and financial consequences. Similar to impulse control disorders, CSB is characterized by a failure to resist the impulse for sex. Opioid antagonists have been effective in treating urge-driven disorders, such as pathological gambling disorder, alcoholism, borderline personality disorder with self-injurious behaviour, cocaine abuse, mental retardation with self-injurious behaviour and eating disorders. Based upon the efficacy of opioid antagonists in treating disorders associated with urges, we hypothesized that naltrexone would reduce both the urges associated with CSB and therefore reduce the sexual behaviour. We present two case reports of individuals with CSB treated successfully with naltrexone, a novel treatment for CSB. In both cases, symptoms dramatically decreased and psychosocial functioning improved with the use of naltrexone. Although more research is needed to determine the mechanism that leads to the excessive sexual behaviour in individuals with CSB, the present case reports suggest that naltrexone may be effective in treating some cases of CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Abstract
Kleptomania, an often secret inability to resist the impulse to steal objects not needed for personal use or their monetary value, is an underrecognized disorder that is unknown to many clinicians. Kleptomania has gone virtually non mentioned in the adolescent literature, despite the fact that kleptomania often has its onset during adolescence. This report presents a case of an adolescent with kleptomania who responded to naltrexone. The clinical features of kleptomania are reviewed, as are available data on the treatment of this distressing and often disabling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55454, USA.
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Abstract
This study was constructed to compare geriatric patients seeking medication treatment for pathologic gambling disorder (PGD) with younger pathologic gamblers. This comparison study assessed three groups with PGD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition: 16 subjects over the age of 60 years, 11 subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years, and 46 subjects between the ages of 40 and 50 years. All subjects were evaluated in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical features of PGD, and treatment history. Geriatric gamblers had a later age of onset of gambling and developed pathologic gambling over a longer period of time. Geriatric subjects were more likely to play slot machines and demonstrate less variety in their choice of gambling activity. Geriatric gamblers were also more likely to gamble secondary to boredom. Geriatric subjects were as likely as the other age groups to report slight or no response to nonpharmacologic treatment. There appear to be some differences in the clinical features of PGD among geriatric subjects, and these differences may have treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55454-1495, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was constructed to detail the demographic and phenomenological features of pathological gamblers. METHOD One hundred thirty-one subjects with DSM-IV pathological gambling were administered a semistructured interview to elicit demographic data and information on the phenomenology, age at onset, course, associated features, treatment history, and response to treatment of the disorder, followed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS Seventy-eight female (59.5%) and 53 male (40.5%) (mean +/- SD age = 47.7+/-11.0 years) pathological gamblers were studied. The majority of subjects (55.7%) were married. Subjects gambled a mean of 16 hours per week. Slot machines (65%), cards (33%), and blackjack (26%) were the most popular forms of gambling. The mean length of time between first gambling behavior and onset of pathological gambling was 6.3+/-8.9 years. Approximately one half (46%) of the subjects reported that television, radio, and billboard advertisements were a trigger to gamble. Most gamblers had severe financial, social, or legal problems. The majority of the subjects (58%) had at least 1 first-degree relative who also exhibited symptoms of problematic gambling behavior. CONCLUSION Pathological gambling is a disabling disorder associated with high rates of social and legal difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55454-1495, USA.
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Abstract
Objective of this paper was to examine a possible treatment option for two disorders currently lacking agreed upon pharmacotherapeutic interventions. We report a patient fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for kleptomania with comorbid compulsive sexual behavior who failed to respond to fluoxetine, behavioral therapy, and psychotherapy, and who was therefore treated with naltrexone to reduce urges to steal and sexual urges. Treatment with high-dose naltrexone (150 mg/day) led to remission of both the patient's urges to steal and sexual urges. Discontinuation and rechallenge with the medication provides further support that improvement was due to naltrexone. Naltrexone in high doses show promise for the treatment of both kleptomania and compulsive sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55454-1495, USA.
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the similarities and differences in the personality dimensions of patients with pathological gambling disorder (PGD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thirty-three subjects with PGD, 41 with OCD and 40 normal controls were assessed with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which assesses three personality dimensions: novelty seeking, reward dependence, and harm avoidance. Compared with OCD subjects, PGD subjects expressed significantly greater novelty seeking, impulsiveness, and extravagance. The PGD subjects also reported significantly less anticipatory worry, fear of uncertainty, and harm avoidance than the OCD subjects. Compared with controls, the PGD subjects expressed significantly greater novelty seeking, impulsiveness, and extravagance. These results suggest that the personality dimensions of pathological gamblers may differ significantly from both those of OCD patients and normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, F256/2A West, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1495, USA.
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Abstract
We report on the day-to-day functions of a consultation-liaison psychiatric service during a two-month period separated by ten years. As general hospitals transformed their delivery of services during the 1990s, we hypothesized that the day-to-day role of the consultation-liaison service would change in terms of the population served, timing of evaluations, and recommended interventions. Using a chart review, we retrospectively examined consultations referred to an adult consultation-liaison service at a university hospital during the same two-months in 1990 (N=75) and 2000 (N=90). Patients in 2000 were less educated, more likely to be divorced and more likely to be minorities. The 2000 patients appeared to have more severe psychiatric illness and to be more medically complicated. These findings have implications in the context of cost effective health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been shown to be effective in treating the behavioral symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders in demented patients. Four case studies are presented that show its efficacy in treating behavioral symptoms in demented patients. We suggest that ECT is beneficial in these potentially life-threatening behavioral disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454-1495, USA.
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Abstract
The present study was designed to test the short-term efficacy and safety of naltrexone in the treatment of pathological gambling disorder. Seventeen subjects (seven men, 10 women) who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling disorder, and were free from other Axis I diagnoses by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R screening, participated in a 6-week open naltrexone flexible dose trial. Gambling symptom change was assessed with the patient-rated Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale, the clinician-rated CGI and the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale. Side-effects were monitored weekly and liver function tests biweekly. Naltrexone reduced urges to gamble and gambling behaviour. The mean change in gambling frequency per week was 1.40 +/- 0.28 episodes per week; the mean change in dollars lost per week was $66.95 +/- 13.77; and the mean change in clinician-rated CGI Improvement was 0.40 +/- 0.04. Of those who responded to the medication, the majority had done so by the end of the fourth week. Men responded to naltrexone as well as women. The average naltrexone dose required for effective symptom control was 157 mg/day. Nausea was common during the first week (47%). The present findings provide evidence that naltrexone may be effective in the treatment of pathological gambling disorder. The present report is preliminary and controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55454-1495, USA.
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40
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Abstract
We discuss the rationale of the pharmacological approaches to pathological gambling and review the current status of drug treatments in this area. Specifically, we summarize the treatment study results of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, mood stabilizers, and opioid antagonists in pathological gambling. We also briefly describe the animal and human studies of other pharmacologic agents that show future promise in treating this disorder. Finally, we discuss a research agenda to be addressed in future drug treatment studies in pathological gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1495, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in inpatient psychiatric settings and the nature of the presenting complaints are unknown. Because of the shame and humiliation that BDD patients suffer, we hypothesized that, unless specifically screened for at the time of admission, BDD would be underdiagnosed in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD 101 consecutive adult patients and 21 consecutive adolescent patients presenting for psychiatric inpatient admission to a university teaching hospital participated in the study. Subjects completed the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, a brief self-report measure that screens for BDD, and a follow-up interview was conducted using a reliable clinician-administered semistructured diagnostic instrument for DSM-IV BDD. Data concerning current diagnoses, number of hospitalizations, number of suicide attempts, and current level of functioning were also obtained. RESULTS Sixteen (13.1%) of the 122 subjects were diagnosed with BDD. None of the subjects with BDD had been diagnosed with BDD by their treating physician during hospitalization. All 16 subjects reported that they would not raise the issue with their physician unless specifically asked due to feelings of shame. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest that BDD, an underrecognized and often severe psychiatric disorder, may be relatively common in the psychiatric inpatient setting. It is important that clinicians specifically inquire about BDD because patients will not voluntarily raise these concerns. The comorbidity of this disorder with other psychiatric illnesses may have treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55454-1495, USA.
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors' goal was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone in the treatment of pathologic gambling disorder. METHODS Eighty-three subjects who met criteria for DSM-IV pathologic gambling disorder were enrolled in a 1-week single-blind placebo lead-in followed by an 11-week double-blind naltrexone or placebo trial. Naltrexone was started at 25 mg/day and titrated upward until maximum symptom improvement or 250 mg/day was achieved. Gambling symptom change was assessed with the patient-rated Clinical Global Impression (PG-CGI-PT), clinician-rated CGI (PG-CGI-MD), and the Gambling Symptom Rating Scale (G-SAS). Side effects were monitored weekly and liver function tests biweekly. RESULTS Data from 45 patients were analyzed. Using random regression analysis, significant improvement was noted in all three gambling symptom measures: patient-rated Clinical Global Impression, p <.001; clinician-rated CGI, p <.001; Gambling Symptom Rating Scale, p <.019. At study end, 75% of subjects taking naltrexone were much or very much improved on both the PE-CEI PT and the PG-CGI-MD, compared with only 24% of those on placebo. Elevated liver enzymes occurred in four subjects who were taking analgesics concurrently. Nausea was common during the first week of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that naltrexone is effective in reducing the symptoms of pathologic gambling. Until further studies corroborate the present findings, our report should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454-1495, USA
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Balsiger BM, Kennedy FP, Abu-Lebdeh HS, Collazo-Clavell M, Jensen MD, O'Brien T, Hensrud DD, Dinneen SF, Thompson GB, Que FG, Williams DE, Clark MM, Grant JE, Frick MS, Mueller RA, Mai JL, Sarr MG. Prospective evaluation of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as primary operation for medically complicated obesity. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75:673-80. [PMID: 10907381 DOI: 10.4065/75.7.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prospectively the results of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) used as the primary weight-reducing operation in patients with medically complicated ("morbid") obesity. The RYGB procedure combines the advantages of a restrictive physiology (pouch of 10 mL) and a "dumping physiology" for high-energy liquids without requiring an externally reinforced (banded) stoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 1987 and December 1998, a total of 191 consecutive patients with morbid obesity (median weight, 138 kg [range, 91-240 kg]; median body mass index, 49 kg/m2 [range, 36-74 kg/m2]), all of whom had directly weight-related morbidity, underwent RYGB and prospective follow-up. RESULTS Hospital mortality was 0.5% (1/191), and hospital morbidity occurred in 10.5% (20/191). Good long-term weight loss was achieved, and patients adapted well to the required new eating habits. The mean +/- SD weight loss at 1 year after operation (113 patients) was 52 +/- 1 kg or 68% +/- 2% of initial excess body weight. By 3 years postoperatively (74 patients), weight loss was still 66% +/- 2% of excess body weight. Overall, 53 (72%) of 74 patients had achieved and maintained a weight loss of 50% or more of their preoperative excess body weight 3 years after the operation. In addition, only 1 (1%) of 98 patients had persistent postoperative vomiting 1 or more times per week. CONCLUSION We believe that RYGB is a safe, effective procedure for most patients with morbid obesity and thus may be the current procedure of choice in patients requiring bariatrics++ surgery for morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Balsiger
- Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905, USA
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Grant JE, Veldee MS, Buchwald D. Analysis of dietary intake and selected nutrient concentrations in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Am Diet Assoc 1996; 96:383-6. [PMID: 8598441 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(96)00104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, 98104, USA
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Abstract
A standardized method of evaluation of the work capacity of persons who are impaired by soft-tissue injuries is described. A demonstration project which involved testing 64 impaired subjects is described. The Cal-FCP test battery can be administered independently by a properly trained professional or by a technician under a physician's supervision and requires two hours or less to complete. This study demonstrated that the results of the test battery are unbiased in terms of both gender and age and can be applied to a standardized disability rating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Matheson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - V Mooney
- University of California San Diego, San Diego CA, USA
| | - J E Grant
- Employment and Rehabilitation Institute of California, Santa Ana, CA, USA
| | - S Leggett
- UCSD Orthomed Rehabilitation Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K Kenny
- UCSD Orthomed Rehabilitation Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Grant JE, Cooper PA, McAra AE, Frew TJ. Transformation of peas (Pisum sativum L.) using immature cotyledons. Plant Cell Rep 1995; 15:254-258. [PMID: 24185786 DOI: 10.1007/bf00193730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/1995] [Revised: 05/17/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A reliable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method has been developed for peas (Pisum sativum) using immature cotyledons as the explant source. Transgenic plants were recovered from the four cultivars tested: Bolero, Trounce, Bohatyr and Huka. The method takes approximately 7 months from explant to seed-bearing primary regenerant. The binary vector used carried genes for kanamycin and phosphinothricin resistance. Transformed pea plants were selected on 10 mg/l phosphinothricin. The nptII and bar genes were shown to be stably inherited through the first sexual generation of transformed plants. Expression of the phosphinothricin-resistance gene in the transformed plants was demonstrated using the 'Buster' (='Basta') leaf-paint test and the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase enzyme assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Matheson LN, Mooney V, Grant JE, Affleck M, Hall H, Melles T, Lichter RL, McIntosh G. A test to measure lift capacity of physically impaired adults. Part 1--Development and reliability testing. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20:2119-29. [PMID: 8588169 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199510000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Two laboratory studies and one field study evaluated the safety and test-retest reliability of a new test of lift capacity. The first two studies were conducted in a carefully controlled laboratory setting. The first study investigated the safety and intra-rater reliability of the EPIC Lift Capacity test protocol with healthy adult subjects. The second study assessed the safety and inter-rater reliability of the test with disabled subjects. The third study was conducted in the field with 65 evaluators and investigated the safety and intra-rater reliability of the test with healthy adult subjects. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and reliability of a new test of lift capacity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A new test of lift capacity has been developed. Test development occurred within the context of ergonomic standards and guide-lines of the major professional associations and public agencies that govern test development in the United States. METHODS In study no. 1, 26 healthy subjects participated. In study no. 2, 14 disabled subjects participated. In study no. 3, 318 healthy subjects participated. After subjects underwent basic screening and warm-up, the EPIC Lift Capacity test was administered. One to 2 weeks later, the test was administered again. Correlations between the times of testing were calculated. RESULTS No subjects were injured. Hamstring soreness the next day that resolved without complication was reported by some healthy subjects. None of the disabled subjects reported new symptoms. CONCLUSION The safety and reliability of the EPIC Lift Capacity test was adequately demonstrated in a laboratory setting and across multiple field sites with evaluators who have varying types and degrees of professional preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Matheson
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Matheson LN, Mooney V, Holmes D, Leggett S, Grant JE, Negri S, Holmes B. A test to measure lift capacity of physically impaired adults. Part 2--Reactivity in a patient sample. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995; 20:2130-4. [PMID: 8588170 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199510000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Test reactivity is the based on the idea that experience with a test may affect performance on subsequent tests, independent of what the test purports to measure. The reactivity of a test of lift capacity was studied in a single-blind randomized clinical trial was studied in a single-blind randomized clinical trial in which subjects were assigned to one or two groups. One group received lift testing before and after a therapeutic trial, while the other group received lift testing only at the conclusion of the therapeutic trial. OBJECTIVE To measure the reactivity of a lift capacity test over the course of treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The reactivity of a test is an important criterion by which an outcome measure must be judged. Change in response to treatment is assumed to be independent of changes resulting from the evaluee's experience with the test, although this is rarely addressed. METHODS The EPIC Lift Capacity test was administered to 55 patients with low back pain in a treatment program after they were randomized into a pre-test/post-test and a post-test only group. Additional measures were taken on a pre-test/post-test basis for all subjects. RESULTS Analyses of variance demonstrated no difference between the randomized groups after treatment. However, the pre-test/post-test group demonstrated significant improvement over the course of treatment. Other measures of outcome were similarly affected. CONCLUSION The reactivity of the EPIC Lift Capacity test was negligible over an 8-week treatment regimen that did not include lifting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Matheson
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Matheson LN, Mangseth G, Segal JH, Grant JE, Comisso K, Westing S. Validity and reliability of a new device to simulate upper extremity work demands. J Occup Rehabil 1992; 2:109-122. [PMID: 24243028 DOI: 10.1007/bf01077183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The device validity, intra-test reliability, and test-retest reliability of the LIDO WorkSET(TM) (Loredan Biomedical, West Sacramento, California) was studied. Subjects were 30 healthy incumbent workers at a manufacturing and warehousing facility. The results of this study demonstrate a very high degree of device validity in terms of torque measurements, power, and work. In addition, the test protocols were found to be reliable on an intra-test and inter-test basis. Finally, inter-test comparisons were found to be stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Matheson
- Employment and Rehabilitation Institute of California, Suite 101, 600 South Grand Avenue, 92705, Santa Ana, California
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